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291.0000 Family Capparaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 242 (1789), nom. cons.
33 genera, ca. 430 spp.
Species listed in database: 440
291.0112 Genus Cynophalla J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 275 (1825)
Distribution: Florida, tropical America
Species listed in database: 18
species :
Cynophalla amazonica Iltis ex Cornejo & Luber; Phytotaxa 461(3): 209 (2020)
Distribution: Bolivia; Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia)
83 BOL 84 BRA
species :
Cynophalla amplissima (Lam.) Iltis & Cornejo; Rodriguésia 61(1): 154 (2010)
Name: Mata becerro (Dominican Republic), Burro, Burro blanco (Lesser Antilles), Burro blanco (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola); Dominica; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Cundinamarca, Huila, Nariño, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Sucre, Trujillo, Zulia); ?Guyana; Surinam; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Pando); N-Brazil (Acre, Rondônia)
80 COS NIC PAN 81 DOM HIS PUE VIR 82 CLM SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis amplissima Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 607 (1785)
= Capparis cynophallophora var. acutifolia Bello; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 237 (1881)
= Capparis nitida Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 252 (1824), et ex Lopez, Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 16: 378 (1958)
= Capparis noctiflora Spreng. ex Eichler; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13(1): 285 (1865)
= Capparis pendula Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 17: 76 (1862)
= Capparis portoricensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1(2): 309 (1899)
= Morisonia amplissima (Lam.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 139 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla declinata (Vell.) Iltis & Cornejo; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 118 (2008)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia, Alagoas); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis declinata Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 230 5: t. 111 (1825 publ. 1829)
= Capparis velloziana Mart.; Flora 22(1. Beibl.): 23 (1839)
= Morisonia declinata (Vell.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 139 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla didymobotrys (Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.) Cornejo & Iltis; Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(1): 17 (2006)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis didymobotrys Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. Prodr. t. 423 (1794), ex Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 253 (1824)
= Morisonia didymobotrys (Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 139 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla ecuadorica (Iltis) Iltis & Cornejo; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 118 (2008)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis ecuadorica Iltis; Selbyana 2(2-3): 303 (1978)
= Morisonia ecuadorica (Iltis) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 139 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 275 (1825)
Name: Falseteeth, Palinguan, Palo de burro, Caper tree, Limber tree, Wild caper tree
Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Saba; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, La Guajira, Magdalena); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Carabobo, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Miranda, Monagas?, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira?, Trujillo?, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Sergipe); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, Salta)
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU ARU BAH BBD BON CAY CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB SBA STE STK STL STM STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis brevisiliqua Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 251 (1824)
= Capparis cynophallophora f. laetevirens (Mart.) Eichler; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13(1): 283 (1865)
= Capparis cynophallophora var. pubescens Hassl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 166 (1915)
= Capparis cynophallophora var. saligna (Vahl) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 18 (1859)
= Capparis diversifolia Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 130 (1894) non Wight & Arn.
= Capparis eucalyptifolia O.L.Haught.; Trop. Woods, No. 20: 31 (1929)
= Capparis eustachiana Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 23 (1760)
= Capparis flexuosa (L.) L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 722 (1762)
= Capparis flexuosa var. cordifolia Kitan.; God. Sofiisk. Univ. Biol. Fak., 2, Bot. Mikrobiol. Fiziol. Biokhim. Rast. 66(2): 31 (1974)
= Capparis flexuosa var. saligna (Vahl) Fawc. & Rendle; Fl. Jamaica [Fawcett & Rendle] 3: 234 (1914)
= Capparis laetevirens Mart.; Flora 22(1. Beibl.): 23 (1839)
= Capparis laevigata Mart.; Flora 22(1. Beibl.): 21 (1839)
= Capparis lanceolata Ruiz & Pav. ex Lopez; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 16: 379 (1958), descr.
= Capparis mollis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 5: 88 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Capparis pluvialis Mart.; Flora 22(1. Beibl.): 22 (1839)
= Capparis saligna Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 3: 66 (1794)
= Capparis sinclairii Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 65, t. 27 (1844)
= Capparis subbiloba Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 5: 90 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Colicodendron subbilobum (Kunth) Seem.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 78 (1852)
= Cynophalla mollis (Kunth) J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 275 (1825)
= Cynophalla saligna (Vahl) J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 275 (1825)
= Morisonia flexuosa L.; Pl. Jamaic. Pug. 14 (1759)
= Uterveria eustachiana (Jacq.) Bertol.; Horti Bonon. Pl. Nov. 2: 9 (1839)
species :
Cynophalla grandiflora Luber; Rodriguésia 73(e00342021): 9 (2022)
Distribution: Brazil (Espírito Santo)
84 BRA
species :
Cynophalla guayaquilensis (Kunth) Iltis; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 118 (2008)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis guayaquilensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 5: 89 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Morisonia guayaquilensis (Kunth) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 141 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla hastata (Jacq.) J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 275 (1825)
Name: Burro, Broad-leaved caper tree (Lesser Antilles), Sapo, Burro (Puerto Rico), Broad-leaved caper (Virgin Isl.)
Distribution: Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas); St. Barthélémy; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Bonaire; Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, La Guajira, Magdalena); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Trujillo, Zulia); NE-Brazil (Piauí, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas); SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
81 ABA BON DOM GDL GRE HIS MAR MTS PUE SBA STK STL STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis coccolobifolia f. parvifolia Eichler; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13(1): 284 (1865)
= Capparis coccolobifolia Mart. ex Eichler; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13(1): 284 (1865)
= Capparis collina J.R.Johnst.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 686 (1905)
= Capparis cynophallophora var. latifolia (Stahl) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 18 (1859)
= Capparis flexuosa f. hastata (Jacq.) Dugand; Caldasia 2: 51 (1941)
= Capparis hastata f. coccolobifolia (Mart. ex Eichler) Iltis & Dugand; Fl. Venez. Guayana 4: 141 (1998)
= Capparis hastata Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 23 (1760)
= Capparis latifolia (Griseb.) A.Stahl; Estud. Fl. Puerto-Rico 2: 186 (1884)
= Morisonia hastata (Jacq.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 141 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla heterophylla (Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.) Iltis & Cornejo; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 118 (2008)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis heterophylla Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 250 (1824), et ex Lopez, Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 16: 381 (1958)
= Morisonia heterophylla (Ruiz & Pav. ex DC.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 141 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla linearis (Jacq.) J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 275 (1825)
Distribution: Aruba; Curacao; Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, La Guajira, Magdalena); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Dependencias Federales, Falcon, Guarico?, Lara, Miranda?, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Zulia)
81 ARU CUR 82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis linearifolia Linden ex Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 324 (1854 publ. 1855), nom. illeg.
= Capparis linearis Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 24 (1760)
= Morisonia linearis (Jacq.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 141 (2018)
= Pleuteron linearis (Jacq.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 109 (1838)
= Uterveria linearis (Jacq.) Bertol.; Horti Bonon. Pl. Nov. 2: 10 (1839)
species :
Cynophalla mattogrossensis (Pilg.) Cornejo & Iltis; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 118 (2008)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis mattogrossensis Pilg.; Revista Mus. Paul. Univ. São Paulo 13: 1250 (1922)
= Morisonia matogrossensis (Pilg.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 141 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla polyantha (Triana & Planch.) Cornejo & Iltis; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 118 (2008)
Name: Orizapayu
Distribution: Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, Cauca, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Ecuador; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija)
82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis flexuosa subsp. polyantha (Triana & Planch.) Iltis; Fl. Venez. Guayana 4: 139 (1998)
= Capparis polyantha Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 17: 76 (1862)
= Morisonia polyantha (Triana & Planch.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 142 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla retusa (Griseb.) Cornejo & Iltis; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 119 (2008)
Distribution: Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí, Santa Cruz, Tarija); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Amambay, Central, Concepcion, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis cynophallophora var. retusa (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3[3]: 7 (1898)
= Capparis retusa f. obovata Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 798 (1903)
= Capparis retusa Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 18 (1879)
= Capparis retusa var. lyratifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 3: 798 (1903)
= Capparis retusa var. velutina Hauman; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 32: 463 (1925)
= Morisonia retusa (Griseb.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 142 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla sclerophylla (Iltis & Cornejo) Cornejo & Iltis; Harvard Pap. Bot. 11(1): 17 (2006)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis sclerophylla Iltis & Cornejo; Novon 15(3): 430 (2005)
= Morisonia sclerophylla (Iltis) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 142 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla sessilis (Banks ex DC.) J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 275 (1825)
Distribution: Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, Cundinamarca, La Guajira, Magdalena, Sucre); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Falcon, Lara, Sucre)
82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis cardiophylla Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 325 (1854 publ. 1855)
= Capparis securidacea Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 17: 77 (1862)
= Capparis sessilis Banks ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 249 (1824)
= Capparis sessilis var. genuina Dugand; Caldasia 5: 56 (1948), nom. inval.
= Capparis sessilis var. securidacea (Triana & Planch.) Dugand; Caldasia 5: 57 (1948)
= Capparis usiacurina Dugand; Caldasia 1(2): 47 (1941)
= Morisonia sessilis (Banks ex DC.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 142 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla tarapotensis (Eichler) Cornejo & Iltis; Harvard Pap. Bot. 13(1): 119 (2008)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis tarapotensis Eichler; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13(1): 284 (1865)
= Morisonia tarapotensis (Eichler) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 142 (2018)
species :
Cynophalla verrucosa (Jacq.) J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 275 (1825)
Name: Mabouya (Trinidad & Tobago)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Santander, Sucre); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); ?Guyana
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 TRT 82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Capparis blanchetii Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 394 (1914)
= Capparis brevipes Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 65 (1844)
= Capparis laeta Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 5: 88 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Capparis palmeri Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 301 (1895)
= Capparis rugulosa Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 326 (1854 publ. 1855)
= Capparis trinitensis Urb.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 25 (1921)
= Capparis verrucosa Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 23 (1760)
= Cynophalla laeta (Kunth) J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2: 275 (1825)
= Morisonia verrucosa (Jacq.) Christenh. & Byng; Global Fl. 4: 142 (2018)
= Uterveria verrucosa (Jacq.) Bertol.; Horti Bonon. Pl. Nov. 2: 9 (1839)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.05 (May 23rd, 2025)

Covering 356,547 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,107 synonyms,
in total 1,416,616* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life