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Ver. 15.1
March 8th, 2023

485.0000 Family Solanaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 124 (1789), nom. cons.
96 genera, ca. 2900 spp. Phylogeny: Olmstead et al. (2008), Cole et al. (2020)
Species listed in database: 2761; hybrids: 20
= Atropaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 57 (1820)
= Browalliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 243 (1820)
= Cestraceae Schltdl.; Linnaea 8: 250 (1833)
= Daturaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 243 (1820)
= Duckeodendraceae Kuhlm.; Arq. Serv. Florest. 3: 7 (1950)
= Goetzeaceae Miers; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 191 (1870)
= Hyoscyamaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 272, 294 (1818)
= Lyciaceae Raf.; Autik. Bot. 1: 15 (1840)
= Nicotianaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 416 (1820)
= Nolanaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 244 (1820), nom. cons.
= Salpiglossidaceae Hutch.; Evol. Phylog. Fl. Pl.: 631 (1969)
= Sclerophylacaceae Miers; London J. Bot. 7: 58 (1848)
485.6802 Genus Datura L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 179 (1753)
Distribution: America from SW-USA to N-S-America, widely introduced and naturalized. Species delimitation and origin still disputed.
Species listed in database: 13
= Apemon Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 11 (1836)
= Ceratocaulos Rchb.; Handb. 201 (1837)
= Stramonium Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4.: s.p. (1754), nom. superfl.
species :
Datura arenicola Gentry ex Bye & Luna; Syst. Bot. 38(3): 825, Figs. 1-5 (2013)
Name: Chamica
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura arenicola Gentry ex D.R.A.Watson; Madrono 60(3): 217-228 (2013)
species :
Datura ceratocaula Jacq.; Hort. Schoenb. 3: 48 (1798)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Java [I]; S-India [I] (Tamil Nadu [I])
40 ind 42 jaw 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Apemon crassicaule Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 11 (1836)
= Brugmansia ceratocaula (Jacq.) Court ex Gaede; Ind. Pl. Hort. Bot. Leod.: 29 (1828)
= Ceratocaulos daturoides Spach; Hist. Veg. Phan. 9: 69 (1840)
= Datura macrocaulis Roth; Neue Beytr. Bot.: 159 (1802)
= Datura sinuata Sessé & Moc.; Naturaleza (Mexico City), ser. 2, 1(App.): 25 (1888)
= Solandra herbacea Dunal; Prodr. [A. DC.] 13(1): 544 (1852)
species :
Datura discolor Bernh.; Neues J. Pharm. Aerzte 26: 149 (1833)
Name: Desert thorn-apple
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura thomasii Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. Williamson & Abbot, Bot. 5(2
species :
Datura ferox L.; Demonstr. Pl. 6 (1753)
Name: Chamico (ES), Furchtbarer Stechapfel (DE)
Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Cordoba, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Formosa Prov., Jujuy, La Rioja, Neuquen, Salta); Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Los Lagos); Uruguay (Canelones, Colonia, Florida Prov., Montevideo, San Jose); Colombia [I]; Bolivia [I]; France [I]; Spain [I]; Italy [I]; Greece [I]; Germany [I]; Croatia [I]; Sicily [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); India [I] (Karnataka [I], Maharashtra [I], Rajasthan [I], Tamil Nadu [I]); Java [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; tropical Africa [I]; Chad [I]; Mali [I]; Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Ilha de Maio [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I]); Algeria [I]; New Zealand [I]
11 ger 12 fra spa 13 cro grc ita sic 20 alg 21 cvi 22 mli 24 cha 26 zim 27 bot les nam saf 31 rfe 34 ISR 40 ind 42 jaw 50 aus 51 nzl 82 clm 83 bol 85 ARG CLE URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura laevis Bertol.; Fl. Ital. 4: 780 (1841)
species :
Datura innoxia Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 5 (1768)
Name: Feinstachliger Stechapfel (DE); Recurved Thorn-apple, Pricklyburr (EN); Toloache, Campana blanca, Campana del pasto, Chamisco blanco, Chamisco doble (ES)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas); Canada (Ontario, Québec); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Costa Rica [I]; Honduras; Nicaragua; Venezuela (Barinas, Bolívar, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Zulia); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Concepcion, Paraguari); Uruguay (Artigas); Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; Antigua; Barbados; Grenadines; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Barthélémy; St. Lucia; St. Martin/St. Maarten; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Colombia [I]; France [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Italy [I]; Portugal [I]; Sardinia [I]; Sicily [I]; Hungary [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); European Russia [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); India [I] (widespread); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Angola [I]; Botswana [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Malawi [I]; Guinea-Bissau [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Madagascar [I]; Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Sudan [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Djibouti [I]; Mauritania [I]; Mali [I]; Senegal [I]; Guinea [I]; Nigeria [I]; Benin [I]; Namibia [I]; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Iles Éparses] [I] (Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Iles Glorieuses [I]; China [I] (Hebei [I], Henan [I], Hubei [I], Jiangsu [I], Shandong [I], Xinjiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Vietnam [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Turkey [I] (S-Anatolia [I], SSW-Anatolia [I], W-Anatolia [I]); Cyprus [I] (E-Cyprus [I], N-Cyprus [I]); Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I]); Iran [I] (EC-Iran [I], S-Iran [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], Rift Valley [I], N-Israel [I], Judean Desert [I], Negev Desert [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (Asir [I], Nejd Desert [I]); Yemen [I] (W-Yemen [I]); Qatar [I]; Afghanistan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha da Boa Vista [I], Ilha de Maio [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); New Zealand [I]
11 hun 12 fra gib por sar spa 13 cro grc ita kri sic slv 14 rus 20 alg egy lby mor tun 21 cny cvi mdr 22 ben bkn gnb gui ivo mli mtn nga sen 24 dji sud 25 ken tan 26 ang mlw zam zim 27 bot nam saf 29 igl mau mci mdg reu 32 uzb 33 geo ncs 34 afg cyp eai irn isr tur 35 qat sau yem 36 chi 38 kor 40 ind ldv pak 41 vie 42 sul 50 aus 51 nzl 60 nwc 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 cos HON NIC 81 ABA AGU BAH BBD CUB GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE SBA STL STM STV TCI VIR 82 clm VEN 83 bol ecu per 85 ARG CLE PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura guayaquilensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. [H. B. K.] 3: 8 (1818)
= Datura metel L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 932 (1759), nom. illeg.
= Datura meteloides DC. ex Dunal; Prodr. [A. DC.] 13(1): 544 (1852)
= Datura velutinosa V.R.Fuentes; Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 1: 53 (1980 publ. 1981)
species :
Datura kymatocarpa Barclay; Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 18: 256 (1959)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Datura leichhardtii F.Muell.; Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. 1: 20 (1855)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura alba F.Muell.; Fragm. 6: 144 (1868)
= Datura leichhardtii Benth.; Fl. Austral. 4: 468 (1868)
species :
Datura metel L.; Sp. Pl. 179 (1753)
Name: Chamisco amarillo, Chamisco morado (ES); Garden Datura, Purple Datura, Yellow-flowered thorn apple (EN), Indischer Stechapfel (DE)
Distribution: no longer known in the wild state; possibly native in the Caribbean; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; Mexico [I]; Haiti [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Bahamas [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I]); Venezuela [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Antigua [I]; Martinique [I]; Barbados [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]; Honduras [I]; Colombia [I]; Bolivia [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; India [I] (throughout); Nepal [I]; Pakistan [I] (Sind [I], Baluchistan [I], Karachi [I], N. W. Frontier Prov. [I], Pakistani Punjab [I], Rawalpindi [I]); Vietnam [I]; Andaman Isl. [I] (South Andamans [I], Little Andaman Isl. [I]); Nicobar Isl. [I] (North Nicobars [I], Central Nicobars [I]); Myanmar [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Philippines [I]; Cambodia [I]; Laos [I]; Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Maldives [I]; New Guinea [I]; Vietnam [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Moluccas [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; S-Europe [I]; Croatia [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Transcaucasus [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Taiwan [I]; Java [I]; South Africa [I]; Angola [I]; Uganda [I]; Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Pemba Isl. [I]; Zanzibar [I]; Chad [I]; Sudan [I]; South Sudan [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Mali [I]; Senegal [I]; Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; Sierra Leone [I]; Ghana [I]; Benin [I]; Nigeria [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; São Tomé [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Malawi [I]; Mozambique [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; Cameroon [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Mauritania [I]; Seychelles [I]; Madagascar [I]; China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Guizhou [I], Hainan [I], Yunnan [I]); Taiwan [I]; South Korea [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Fiji [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; tropical Africa [I]; Gilbert Isl. [I] (Butaritari [I], Abaiang [I], Tarawa [I], Tamana [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Palau [I] (Angaur [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I], Tupai [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Agrihan [I], Saipan [I], Guam [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Rangiroa Atoll [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I]); Niue [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Rurutu [I], Tubuai [I]); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Turkey [I] (WN-Anatolia [I]); Egypt [I] (NE-Egypt [I], Nile Delta [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Lebanon [I] (coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Oman [I] (Dhofar [I], Mascat & Oman [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (Rub al Khali [I], Asir [I], Nejd Desert [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (C-Sinai [I]); Syria [I] (coastal W-Syria [I]); Yemen [I] (Aden Desert [I], coastal Hadhramaut [I], Inner Hadhramaut [I], Tihama [I], W-Yemen [I]); Afghanistan [I]; Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I]); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Madeira [I]; Mauritania [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]
13 cro 20 alg egy lby mor tun 21 cvi mdr 22 ben gam gha gui ivo mli mtn nga sen sie 23 bio caf cmn sao 24 cha ssu sud 25 ken tan uga 26 ang mlw moz zim 27 bot nam saf 29 mau mdg reu rod sey 33 ncs 34 afg leb sin syr tur 35 oma sau yem 36 chi 38 kor tai 40 ban ind ldv mdv nep pak srl 41 and cbd lao mya ncb vie 42 jaw lsi mol nwg phi sul XMS 50 aus 60 fij gil nue nwc 61 aui coo sci tua 62 mic mrn plu 63 haw 79 mex 80 cos hon nic pan 81 aba aru bah bbd bon cub cur his jam mar pue trt vir 82 clm frg sur ven 83 bol
Remarks: formerly considered to be a native of Asia
Synonyms: hidden
= Brugmansia chlorantha (Hook.) Melliss; St. Helena: 306 (1875)
= Brugmansia waymanii Paxton; Paxton´s Mag. Bot. 4: 241 (1838)
= Datura aegyptiaca Vis.; Pl. Aegypti: 263 (1836)
= Datura alba F.Muell.; Fragm. 6: 144 (1868), nom. illeg.
= Datura alba Rumph. ex Nees; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 73 (1834), nom. superfl.
= Datura alba var. africana Mattei; Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 7: 108 (1908)
= Datura bojeri Delile; Ind. Sem. Hort. Monsp. (1836) 23, et Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. II. 7: 286 (1837)
= Datura carthaginensis Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3. 1: 728 (1894), pro syn.
= Datura chlorantha Hook.; Bot. Mag. t. 85: 5128 (1859)
= Datura cornucopaea Wilks; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 46: 224 (1894)
= Datura cornucopia Pitcher & Manda; Nursery Cat. (United States Nurseries) 1893: x (1893)
= Datura dubia Bianca ex Tod.; Index Seminum (PAL, Panormitani) 1858: 26 (1858)
= Datura dubia Rich.; Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 216 (1805)
= Datura fastuosa L.; Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 932 (1759)
= Datura fastuosa var. alba Bernh.; Neubert´s Deutsch. Gart.-Mag., ser. 2, 4: 163 (1827)
= Datura fastuosa var. alba C.B.Clarke; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 243 (1883), nom. illeg.
= Datura fastuosa var. flaviflora O.E.Schulz ex O.C.Schmidt; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 32: 89 (1933)
= Datura fastuosa var. glabra Bernh.; Neubert´s Deutsch. Gart.-Mag., ser. 2, 4: 163 (1827)
= Datura fastuosa var. parviflora Nees; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 74 (1834)
= Datura fastuosa var. rubra Bernh.; Neubert´s Deutsch. Gart.-Mag., ser. 2, 4: 163 (1827)
= Datura fastuosa var. tuberculata Bernh.; Neubert´s Deutsch. Gart.-Mag., ser. 2, 4: 163 (1827)
= Datura fruticosa Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 212 (1813)
= Datura humilis Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3: 396 (1829)
= Datura hummatu Bernh.; Neues J. Pharm. Aerzte 26: 153 (1833), nom. superfl.
= Datura hummatu var. fastuosa (L.) Bernh.; Neues J. Pharm. Aerzte 26: 153 (1833)
= Datura hummatu var. muricata (Link) Bernh.; Neues J. Pharm. Aerzte 26: 153 (1833)
= Datura hummatu var. rubra Bernh.; Neues J. Pharm. Aerzte 26: 155 (1833)
= Datura laevis Schkuhr; Bot. Handb. 1: t. 140 (1791)
= Datura metel var. dentata Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 5: 111 (1830)
= Datura metel var. fastuosa (L.) Saff.; J. Washington Acad. Sci. 11: 187 (1921)
= Datura metel var. flaviflora (O.E.Schulz) Moldenke; Boissiera 7: 2 (1943)
= Datura metel var. muricata (Link) Danert; Pharmazie 9: 351 (1954)
= Datura metel var. obscura Danert; Pharmazie 9: 357 (1954)
= Datura metel var. rubra (Bernh.) Danert; Pharmazie 9: 357 (1954)
= Datura metel var. viola Pandeya & A.B.Bhatt; Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 64: 266 (1989), anglice or type
= Datura muricata Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 177 (1821)
= Datura nanakii Pandeya & A.B.Bhatt; Beitr. Biol. Pfl., 64(2): 266 (1989)
= Datura nigra Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (Hassk.) 1: 142 (1844)
= Datura nilhummatu Dunal; Prodr. [A. DC.] 13: t. 542 (1852)
= Datura timoriensis Zipp. ex Span.; Linnaea, 15: 337 (1841)
= Datura trapezia Nees; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 74 (1834)
= Datura waymanii (Paxton) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 484 (1840)
= Stramonium datura Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 27 (1790), nom. nud.
= Stramonium fastuosum (L.) Moench; Methodus 456 (1794)
= Stramonium globosum Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 351 (1897)
= Stramonium infernale Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 27 (1790), nom. nud.
= Stramonium metel (L.) Moench; Methodus 456 (1794)
species :
Datura pruinosa Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 486 (1898)
Distribution: SW-Mexico
79 MEX
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura leichhardtii subsp. pruinosa (Greenm.) A.S.Barclay ex S.A.Hammer; Kulturpflanze 31: 30 (1983)
species :
Datura quercifolia Kunth; Nov. Gen. & Sp. [H. B. K.] 3: 7 (1818)
Name: Chinese thorn-apple (EN), Eichenblättriger Stechapfel (DE)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Arizona, California, Georgia, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Honduras; Germany [I]
11 ger 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura dubia (Benth.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 474 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Datura fastuosa var. dubia (Benth.) C.B.Clarke; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 243 (1884)
= Datura gigantea C.Huber; Nursery Cat. (Charles Huber Bros. and Co.) 1867(Cat. Graines): 4 (1866)
= Datura hummatu var. dubia Bernh.; Neues J. Pharm. Aerzte 26: 155 (1833)
= Datura villosa Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 571 (1900)
species :
Datura reburra Barclay; Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 18: 258 (1959)
Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Datura stramonium L.; Sp. Pl. 179 (1753)
Name: Gewöhnlicher Stechapfel (DE); Belladona de pobre, Chamisco, Estramonio, Peo de fraile (ES); Jimson weed, Thorn apple (EN)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Galapagos [I]; Jamaica [I]; Peru [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Belize [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Bahamas [I]; Turks & Caicos Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Panama [I]; Bonaire [I]; Galapagos [I]; French Guiana?[I]; Ecuador [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Venezuela [I]; Argentina [I] (Cordoba [I], Corrientes [I], Entre Rios [I], Neuquen [I], Rio Negro [I], Santiago del Estero [I], Santa Fe Prov. [I]); Haiti [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Anguilla [I]; St. Barthélémy [I]; Antigua [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Barbados [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; Colombia [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); Albania [I]; Austria [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; England [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Corsica [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Crete [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Denmark [I]; France [I]; Germany [I]; Greece [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Netherlands [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Hungary [I]; Italy [I]; San Marino [I]; Serbia & Kosovo [I]; Montenegro [I]; Macedonia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Portugal [I]; Malta [I]; Norway [I]; Poland [I]; Romania [I]; Sardinia [I]; Sicily [I]; Sweden [I]; European Turkey [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Crimea [I]; Ukraine [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Siberia [I] (Altai [I], W-Siberia [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Taiwan [I]; China [I]; European Russia [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Armenia [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Japan [I]; South Korea [I]; India [I] (throughout); Bhutan [I]; Java [I]; Nepal [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I] (Central Nicobars [I], Great Nicobar Isl. [I], Little Nicobar Isl. [I]); Myanmar [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Laos [I]; Thailand [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Ethiopia [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Angola [I]; Uganda [I]; Kenya [I]; Tanzania [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Malawi [I]; Mozambique [I]; Namibia [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Lesotho [I]; Madagascar [I]; Seychelles [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Ghana [I]; Guinea [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Benin [I]; Togo [I]; Nigeria [I]; Sudan [I]; South Sudan [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Mali [I]; Mauritania [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Chad [I]; St. Helena [I]; Turkey [I] (E-Anatolia [I], Inner Anatolia [I], N-Anatolia [I], NE-Anatolia [I], SE-Anatolia [I], SSW-Anatolia [I], W-Anatolia [I], WN-Anatolia [I]); Cyprus [I] (C-Mountains [I], E-Cyprus [I], N-Cyprus [I]); East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Iran [I] (E-Iran [I], NE-Iran: Mts. [I], N-Iran [I], Iranian Aserbaijan [I], W-Iran [I]); Iraq [I] (NW-Iraq [I]); Israel [I] (Rift Valley [I], N-Israel [I]); Lebanon [I] (Antilebanon [I], C-Lebanon [I], coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (C-Saudi Arabia [I], NE-Saudi Arabia [I], N-Saudi Arabia [I], Nafud Desert [I], Hejaz [I], Asir [I], Nejd Desert [I]); Syria [I] (coastal W-Syria [I]); Yemen [I] (N-Inner Yemen [I], SW-Yemen [I], Tihama [I], W-Yemen [I]); Afghanistan [I]; Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Graciosa [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I], Faial [I], Corvo Isl. [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Sal Isl. [I], Ilha da Boa Vista [I], Ilha de Maio [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Mauritania [I]; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Fiji [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; Tonga [I] (Vava´u [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I])
10 den grb nor swe 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie lux net pol slo swi 12 cis cor fra gib por sar spa 13 alb bih bul cro grc ita kri mlt mnt nma rom sic slv sma srb tue 14 blr est kry lat lit rus ukr 20 alg egy lby mor tun 21 azo cny cvi mdr 22 ben gha gui ivo mli mtn nga tog 23 caf con 24 cha eth ssu sud 25 ken tan uga 26 ang mlw moz zam zim 27 les nam saf swz 28 sth 29 mau mdg reu sey 30 sib 31 rfe 32 kaz kgz tkm tzk uzb 33 arm geo ncs 34 afg cyp eai irn irq isr leb syr tur 35 sau yem 36 chi 38 jap kor tai 40 bhu ind nep pak srl 41 lao mya ncb tha 42 jaw 50 aus lhi nfk 60 fij nwc ton 63 haw 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 MEX 80 blz cos hon nic pan 81 aba agu bah bbd bon cub gdl his jam mar mts pue sba stk stv tci trt vir 82 clm ven 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura bernhardii Lundstr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5: 89 (1914)
= Datura bertolonii Parl. ex Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 267 (1843)
= Datura cabanesii P.Fourn.; Monde Pl. 35: 14 (1934)
= Datura capensis Bernh.; Neues J. Pharm. Aerzte 26: 151 (1833)
= Datura ferocissima Cabanès & P.Fourn.; Monde Pl. 35: 14 (1934)
= Datura ferox Nees; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 75 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Datura hybrida Ten.; Fl. Neapol. Prodr. App. 4: 34 (1829)
= Datura inermis Juss. ex Jacq.; Hort. Bot. Vindob. 3: 44 (1777)
= Datura laevis L. f. [Suppl.Pl.: 146 (1782), nom.superfl.]
= Datura laevis Schkuhr; Bot. Handb. 1: t. 140 (1791)
= Datura loricata Sieber ex Bernh.; Neues J. Pharm. Aerzte 26: 151 (1833)
= Datura lurida Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 131 (1796)
= Datura microcarpa Godr.; Mém. Acad. Stanislas, sér. 4, 5: 202 (1872 publ. 1873)
= Datura muricata Godr.; Mém. Acad. Stanislas, sér. 4, 5: 199 (1872 publ. 1873), nom. illeg.
= Datura parviflora Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 131 (1796)
= Datura praecox Godr.; Mem. Acad. Stanislas IV, 5: 199 (1872)
= Datura pseudostramonium Sieber ex Bernh.; Neues J. Pharm. Aerzte 26: 151 (1833)
= Datura stramonium f. godronii (Danert) Geerinck & Walravens; Naturalistes Belges 79: 271 (1998)
= Datura stramonium f. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) Hupke; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 101: 135 (1938)
= Datura stramonium var. canescens Wall.; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 239 (1824)
= Datura stramonium var. chalybaea W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. 1: 510 (1837)
= Datura stramonium var. gordonii Danert; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 4: 79 (1954)
= Datura stramonium var. inermis (Juss. ex Jacq.) C.E.Lundstr.; Acta Horti Berg. 5(3): 84 (1914)
= Datura wallichii Dunal; Prodr. [A. DC.] 13: t. 539 (1852)
= Stramonium foetidum Scop.; Fl. Carn. ed. II. 1: 157 (1771)
= Stramonium globosum Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 351 (1897)
= Stramonium laeve Moench; Methodus: 456 (1794), nom. superfl.
= Stramonium spinosum Gilib.; 39 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Stramonium spinosum Lam.; Fl. Franç. 2: 256 (1779)
= Stramonium vulgare Hill; Brit. Herb. 96 (1756)
= Stramonium vulgare Moench; Methodus 456 (1794)
= Stramonium vulgatum Gaertn.; Fruct. 2: 243. t. 132 (1791)
variant :
var. tatula (L.) Torr.; Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 232 (1824)
Name: Violetter Gewöhnlicher Stechapfel (DE)
Distribution: Bolivia; Mexico; Hungary [I]; Germany [I]; etc.
11 ger hun 79 MEX 83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura stramonium f. tatula (L.) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 1060 (1966)
= Datura stramonium f. tatula (L.) Geerinck & Walravens; Nat. Belg., 79(4): 270 (1998)
= Datura stramonium subsp. tatula (L.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 523 (1881)
= Datura stramonium var. chalybea W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. 1: 510 (1837)
= Datura tatula L.; Sp. Pl. ed. II. 256 (1762)
= Stramonium tatula (L.) Moench; Methodus 456 (1794)
species :
Datura wrightii Regel; Gartenfl. (1859) t. 260
Name: Sacred thorn-apple (EN)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Tamaulipas); Spain [I]
12 spa 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Datura innoxia subsp. quinquecuspida (Torr.) A.S.Barclay
= Datura lanosa Barclay ex Bye; Phytologia, 61(3): 204 (1986)
= Datura metel var. quinquecuspida Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 18 (1858)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 15.1 (March 8th, 2023)

Covering 353,598 accepted species,
8,943 hybrids, 50,327 accepted infraspecific taxa and 959,496 synonyms,
in total 1,372,364* names

[*about 39,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 30 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life