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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35249; hybrids: 678
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.6972 Genus Dichrocephala L´Hér. ex DC.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 517 (1833)
Distribution: Tropical Africa, Madagascar, trop. Asia through Malesia eastward to Japan, Fiji, Society and Austral Isl.; 1 to Caucasus
Species listed in database: 4
species :
Dichrocephala benthamii C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 36 (1876)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 CBD LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Dichrocephala amphiloba H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8(160-162): 59 (1910)
= Dichrocephala bodinieri Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 12(161-162): 242-243 (1903)
species :
Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia (Blume) DC.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 518 (1833)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan (incl. Jbel Marra); South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Mozambique; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen); China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Darjeeling, Tamil Nadu, Kerala); Myanmar (Magway); Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); etc.
23 BIO CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ 35 SAU YEM 36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA 42 JAW LSI NWG PHI SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cotula chrysanthemifolia Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 918 (1826)
= Dichrocephala abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.; (1848)
= Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia var. abyssinica (Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.) Fayed; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 15: 506 (1979)
= Dichrocephala chrysanthemifolia var. tanacetoides (Sch.Bip.) J.Kost.
= Dichrocephala grangeifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 372 (1836)
= Dichrocephala macrocephala Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 145 (1867)
= Dichrocephala oblonga Hook.f.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 12 (1862)
= Dichrocephala oblongata Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 260 (1873)
= Dichrocephala tanacetoides Sch.Bip.; Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. [Zollinger] 122 (1854)
= Dichrocephala tibestica Quézel; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 48: 99 (1957)
variant :
var. alpina (R.E.Fr.) Beentje; Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Comp. (Part 2) 462 (2002)
Distribution: E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Kenya (mountains); Tanzania
23 ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Dichrocephala alpina R.E.Fr.; Acta Horti Berg. 9: 118 (1928). 9: 118 (1928)
species :
Dichrocephala hamiltonii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 246 (1881)
Distribution: India (Assam)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cotula dichrocephaloides C.B.Clarke; Compos. Ind. 150 (1876)
= Cotula sinapifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 62 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 437
species :
Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 333 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. integrifolia
Distribution: Italy [I]; Croatia [I]; European Turkey; Guinea; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng?, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Yemen (W-Yemen); China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Assam, Meghalaya, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Darjeeling, Jammu & Kashmir); Sri Lanka; Myanmar (Shan); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Penang Isl., Perak, Pahang, Langkawi Isl., Selangor); Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I], Queensland [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Tonga (Tongatapu); Fiji; +American Samoa [I] (+Tutuila [I]); +[Western] Samoa [I] (+´Upolu [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Atiu [I], Mitiaro [I], ?Mauke [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I]); Austral Isl. (Rimatara); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]
13 cro ita TUE 22 BEN GHA GUI IVO NGA 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON RWA SAO 24 ERI ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ 29 mau reu 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 35 YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI 50 aus 60 asa FIJ nwc sam TON van 61 AUI coo sci 79 mex 80 gua
Synonyms: hidden
= Absinthium spathulatum Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 6 (1790)
= Centipeda capensis Less.; Syn. Gen. Compos. 201 (1832)
= Cotula bicolor Roth; Catal. Bot. 1: 116 (1800)
= Cotula latifolia Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 464 (1807)
= Cotula sonchifolia M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 328 (1808)
= Dichrocephala abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex Hochst.; Flora 24(1. Intell.): 26 (1841)
= Dichrocephala auriculata (Thunb.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 619 (1917)
= Dichrocephala bicolor (Roth) Schltdl.; Linnaea 25: 209-211 (1852)
= Dichrocephala capensis (Less.) DC.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 518 (1833)
= Dichrocephala erecta L´Hér. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 372 (1836)
= Dichrocephala latifolia (Lam. ex Poir.) DC.; Contr. Bot. India [Wight] 11 (1834)
= Dichrocephala nilagirensis Sch.Bip. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 245 (1881)
= Dichrocephala paniculata Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 38 (1856)
= Dichrocephala sonchifolia (M.Bieb.) DC.; Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 518 (1833)
= Ethulia auriculata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 141 (1794)
= Ethulia glomerata Spreng. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 372 (1836)
= Ethulia integrifolia (L.f.) D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 182 (1825)
= Ethulia paniculata Schkuhr; Bot. Handb., ed. 2 [Schkuhr] 3: 67, t. 235 (1808)
= Ethulia sinapifolia Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 599 (1841)
= Grangea bicolor (Roth) Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 354 (1830)
= Grangea dissecta Bojer ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 372 (1836)
= Grangea latifolia (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 826 (1812)
= Grangea sonchifolia (M.Bieb.) Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 354 (1830)
= Hippia bicolor (Roth) Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 18: no. 2 (1811)
= Hippia integrifolia L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 389 (1782)
= Myriogyne latifolia (Pers.) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 102 (1844)
= Spilanthes atriplicifolia Houtt.; Handl. Pl.-Kruidk. 10: 536 (1779)
subspecies :
subsp. gracilis (DC.) Fayed; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 15: 500 (1979)
Distribution: Madagascar; Nepal; India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim)
29 MDG 40 IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Dichrocephala gracilis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 371 (1836)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life