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480.0000 Family Solanaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 124 (1789), nom. cons.
96 genera, ca. 2900 spp. Phylogeny: Olmstead et al. (2008), Cole et al. (2020)
Species listed in database: 2802; hybrids: 19
= Atropaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 57 (1820)
= Browalliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 243 (1820)
= Cestraceae Schltdl.; Linnaea 8: 250 (1833)
= Daturaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 243 (1820)
= Duckeodendraceae Kuhlm.; Arq. Serv. Florest. 3: 7 (1950)
= Goetzeaceae Miers; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 191 (1870)
= Hyoscyamaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 294 (1818)
= Lyciaceae Raf.; Autik. Bot. 1: 15 (1840)
= Nicotianaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 416 (1820)
= Nolanaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 244 (1820), nom. cons.
= Salpiglossidaceae Hutch.; Evol. Phylogeny Fl. Pl. 631 (1969)
= Sclerophylacaceae Miers; London J. Bot. 7: 58 (1848)
480.8014 Genus Dunalia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 55, t. 194 (1818)
Distribution: Andes from Colombia to Argentina
Species listed in database: 5
= Dierbachia Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 512, 676 (1825)
= Huanuca Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 54 (1838)
= Lycioplesium Miers; London J. Bot. 4: 330 (1845)
species :
Dunalia brachyacantha Miers; London J. Bot. 7: 339 (1848)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Potosí, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Argentina (Córdoba, Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán)
83 BOL 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Acnistus achalensis Hieron. ex Seckt; Revista Univ. Nac. Córdoba 16-17 (Fl. Cordob.): 439 (1929 publ. 1930), nomen
= Dierbachia brachyacantha (Miers) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 451 (1891)
= Dierbachia senticosa (Miers) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 451 (1891)
= Dunalia achalensis (Hieron. ex Seckt) Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 57 (1913)
= Dunalia hauthalii Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 55 (1913)
= Dunalia herzogii Dammer; Meded. Rijks-Herb. 29: 25 (1916)
= Dunalia lycioides f. achalensis (Dammer) Hieron. ex Seckt; Revista Univ. Nac. Córdoba 16-17: 439 (1930)
= Dunalia pflanzii Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 57 (1913)
= Dunalia senticosa Miers; London J. Bot. 7: 340 (1848)
species :
Dunalia dombeyana (Dunal) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: vb. No. 1, 46 (1962)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Lycioplesium dombeyanum Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13: 492 (1852)
species :
Dunalia obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 56 (1913)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Dierbachia obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 220 (1898)
= Dunalia weberbaueri Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 53 (1913)
= Lycioplesium obovatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers; London J. Bot. 4: 330 (1845)
= Lycium obovatum Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 46 (1799)
= Lycium peruvianum Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 30 (1889)
species :
Dunalia spathulata (Ruiz & Pav.) A.Br. & Asch.; Index Sem. (Berlin) (1861) App. 6
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Acnistus spathulatus (Ruiz & Pav.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 4: 461 (1837)
= Dierbachia acnistodes (Miers) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 451 (1891)
= Dierbachia cyanea (Rouville ex Dunal) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 451 (1891)
= Dierbachia lilacina (Miers) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 451 (1891)
= Dunalia acnistoides Miers; London J. Bot. 7: 338 (1848)
= Dunalia brachystemon A.Braun & C.D.Bouché; Index Sem. (Berlin) (1861) App. 6
= Dunalia cyanea Rouville ex Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 484 (1852)
= Dunalia lilacina Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 2, 4: 32 (1849)
= Dunalia spathulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 56 (1913)
= Huanaca spathulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 54 (1838)
= Lycium spathulatum Mathews ex Dunal; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(1): 527 (1852), nom. illeg.
= Lycium spathulatum Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 2: 46 (1799)
species :
Dunalia spinosa (Meyen) Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 55 (1913)
Name: Chañar silvestre, chilka [Chile]
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, Oruro, Potosí); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá)
83 BOL PER 85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Atropa spinosa Meyen; Observ. Bot. [Meyen] 1: 466 (1834)
= Dierbachia lycioides (Miers) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 451 (1891)
= Dierbachia ramiflora (Miers) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 451 (1891)
= Dunalia angustifolia Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 54 (1913)
= Dunalia besseri Dammer; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 56 (1913)
= Dunalia inermis Borzì; Index Sem. (Panormitani) 1895: 49 (1896)
= Dunalia lycioides Miers; London J. Bot. 7: 339 (1848)
= Dunalia ramiflora Miers; London J. Bot. 7: 340 (1848)
= Grabowskia meyenianum (Nees) Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 3: 113 (1844)
= Lycioplesium meyenianum (Nees) Miers; London J. Bot. 4: 332 (1845)
= Lycium meyenianum Nees; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19: Suppl. 1: 390 (1843)
= Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1: 230 (1809), nom. illeg.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life