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496.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6774; hybrids: 10
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
496.6372 Genus Duvalia Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 44 (1812)
Distribution: 17 spp. South Africa, NE-tropical Africa, SW-Arabia
Species listed in database: 16
= Ballyanthus Bruyns; Aloe 37(4): 76 (2000)
species :
Duvalia angustiloba N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 20: 230 (1883)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia angustilobulata Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017), nom. nov. illeg., non C. angustilobulata p. 417
= Ceropegia perangusta Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 116: 140 (2018), nom. nov.
species :
Duvalia caespitosa (Masson) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 45 (1812)
subspecies :
subsp. caespitosa
Distribution: South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia caespitosa (Masson) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Duvalia caespitosa var. compacta (Haw.) Meve; Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl. 10 [Gen. Duvalia]: 59 (1997)
= Duvalia compacta Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 46 (1812)
= Duvalia concolor (Salm-Dyck) Schltr.; J. Bot. 36: 477 (1898)
= Duvalia emiliana A.C.White; Stapelieae [White & Sloane] 126 (1933), et Stapelieae [White & Sloane], ed. 2: 2: 2: 763 (1937), latine
= Duvalia glomerata (Haw.) Haw.; Suppl. Pl. Succ. 46 (1819)
= Duvalia hirtella (Jacq.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 276 (1826)
= Duvalia hirtella var. minor N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1031 (1908)
= Duvalia hirtella var. obscura N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1031 (1908)
= Duvalia laevigata (Haw.) Haw.; Suppl. Pl. Succ. 46 (1819)
= Duvalia mastodes (Jacq.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 276 (1826), nomen
= Duvalia propinqua A.Berger; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 24 (1904)
= Duvalia radiata (Sims) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 45 (1812)
= Duvalia radiata var. hirtella (Jacq.) A.C.White & B.Sloane; Stapelieae [White & Sloane], ed. 2, 2: 779 (1937)
= Duvalia radiata var. minor (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane; Stapelieae [White & Sloane], ed. 2, 2: 781 (1937)
= Duvalia radiata var. obscura (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane; Stapelieae [White & Sloane], ed. 2, 2: 778 (1937)
= Duvalia reclinata (Masson) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 44 (1812)
= Duvalia reclinata var. angulata N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1030 (1908)
= Duvalia reclinata var. bifida N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1030 (1908)
= Duvalia replicata (Jacq.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 276 (1826)
= Duvalia tuberculata Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 46, Suppl. 13 (1812)
= Piaranthus fasciculatus (Thunb.) Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 10 (1820)
= Stapelia barbata Salm-Dyck; (1834) non Masson
= Stapelia caespitosa Masson; Stapel. Nov. 20, t. 29 (1797)
= Stapelia caespitosa var. hirtella (Jacq.) Loudon; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon], ed. 2: 202 (1841)
= Stapelia compacta (Haw.) Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 46 (1820)
= Stapelia concolor Salm-Dyck; Hort. Dyck. 372 (1834)
= Stapelia cymosa Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 49 (1820)
= Stapelia fasciculata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 46 (1794)
= Stapelia glomerata Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 46 (1812)
= Stapelia hirtella Jacq.; Stapel. Hort. Vindob. Cult., t. 10 (1806)
= Stapelia laevigata Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 46 (1812)
= Stapelia mastodes Jacq.; Stapel. Hort. Vindob. Cult., t. 13 (1809)
= Stapelia radiata Sims; Bot. Mag. 17: t. 619 (1803) non Jacq.
= Stapelia reclinata Masson; Stapel. Nov. 19, t. 28 (1796)
= Stapelia replicata Jacq.; Stapel. Hort. Vindob. Cult., t. 15 (1806)
= Stapelia tuberculata Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 46 (1812)
= Stisseria caespitosa (Masson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891)
= Stisseria compacta (Haw.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891)
= Stisseria concolor (Salm-Dyck) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891)
= Stisseria glomerata (Haw.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891)
= Stisseria hirtella (Jacq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891)
= Stisseria laevigata (Haw.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891)
= Stisseria mastodes (Jacq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 422 (1891)
= Stisseria radiata (Jacq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 422 (1891)
= Stisseria reclinata (Masson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 422 (1891)
= Stisseria replicata (Jacq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 422 (1891)
= Stisseria tuberculata (Haw.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 422 (1891)
subspecies :
subsp. pubescens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; Stapeliads S. Africa Madagascar (2005)
Distribution: S-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia caespitosa subsp. pubescens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Duvalia elegans var. namaquana N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1029 (1909)
= Duvalia pubescens N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1029 (1909)
= Duvalia pubescens var. major N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1029 (1909)
subspecies :
subsp. vestita (Meve) Bruyns; Stapeliads S. Africa Madagascar (2005)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia caespitosa subsp. vestita (Meve) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Duvalia vestita Meve; Kakteen And. Sukk. 39(9): 197 (1988)
species :
Duvalia corderoyi (Hook.f.) N.E.Br.; Bot. Mag. sub t. 6245 (1876)
Distribution: South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia corderoyi (Hook.f.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Stapelia corderoyi Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. t. 6082 (1874)
species :
Duvalia eilensis Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 44(6): 260 (1972)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia eilensis (Lavranos) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 425 (2017)
species :
Duvalia elegans (Masson) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 44 (1812)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia jacquiniana (Schult.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Duvalia elegans f. magnicorona A.C.White & B.Sloane; Stapelieae [White & Sloane], ed. 2, 2: 741 (1937)
= Duvalia elegans var. seminuda N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1029 (1909)
= Duvalia jacquiniana (Schult.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 276 (1826)
= Stapelia elegans Masson; Stapel. Nov. 19, t. 27 (1797)
= Stapelia jacquiniana Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 6: 45 (1820)
= Stapelia radiata Jacq.; Stapel. Hort. Vindob. Cult., t. 12 (1806), nom. illeg., non Sims (1803)
= Stisseria elegans (Masson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891)
= Stisseria jacquiniana (Schult.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891)
species :
Duvalia galgallensis Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 46(4): 184 (1974)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia galgallensis (Lavranos) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 425 (2017)
species :
Duvalia immaculata (C.A.Lückh.) Bayer ex L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 55(2): 268 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia immaculata (C.A.Lückh.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Duvalia maculata var. immaculata C.A.Lückh.; Stapelieae [White & Sloane], ed. 2, 3: 1144 (1937)
species :
Duvalia minuta Nel; Stapelieae [White & Sloane], ed. 2, 3: Addend. I, p. 1168 (1937)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia minuta (Nel) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Duvalia maculata N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1033 (1909)
species :
Duvalia modesta N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1028 (1909)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia modesta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Duvalia gracilis Meve; Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl. 10 [Gen. Duvalia]: 75 (1997)
species :
Duvalia parviflora N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1034 (1909)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia parvianthera Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017), nom. nov.
species :
Duvalia pillansii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1026 (1909)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia pillansiana (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017), nom. nov.
= Duvalia pillansii var. albanica N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(1): 1027 (1909)
species :
Duvalia polita N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 6: 130 (1876)
Distribution: Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip); Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia polita (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Duvalia dentata N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 365 (1895)
= Duvalia polita f. intermedia A.C.White & B.Sloane; Stapelieae [White & Sloane], ed. 2, 2: 577 (1937)
= Duvalia polita var. parviflora A.C.White & B.Sloane; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 14: 159 (1942)
= Duvalia polita var. transvaalensis (Schltr.) A.C.White & B.Sloane; Stapelieae [White & Sloane], ed. 2, 2: 754 (1937)
= Duvalia transvaalensis Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20(Beibl. 51): 54 (1895)
= Duvalia transvaalensis var. parviflora L.Bolus; Ann. Bolus Herb. 1: (1947 publ. 1915)
= Stapelia echinata N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 6: 130 (1876), pro syn.
= Stapelia polita N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 6: 130 (1876), pro syn.
species :
Duvalia prognatha (P.R.O.Bally) comb.ined.
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ballyanthus major Plowes; CactusWorld 31(4): 291 (2013)
= Ballyanthus prognathus (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Aloe 37(4): 76 (2000)
= Ceropegia prognatha (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 425 (2017)
= Orbea prognatha (P.R.O.Bally) L.C.Leach; Kirkia 10(1): 290 (1975)
= Stapelia prognatha P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 18: 339 (1963)
species :
Duvalia somalensis Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 43: 65 (1971)
Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia; Yemen (W-Yemen: Tihama)
24 DJI ETH SOM SUD 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia somalilandica Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 425 (2017), nom. nov.
= Duvalia sulcata subsp. somalensis (Lavranos) Meve; Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl. 10 [Gen. Duvalia]: 118 (1997)
= Duvalia sulcata subsp. sudanensis Plowes; Asklepios 116: 20 (2013)
species :
Duvalia sulcata N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910: 193 (1910)
subspecies :
subsp. sulcata
Distribution: Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen)
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia sulcata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
subspecies :
subsp. seminuda (Lavranos) Meve; Pl. Syst. Evol., Suppl. 10 [Gen. Duvalia]: 116 (1997)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Dhofar); N-Yemen
35 OMA SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia sulcata subsp. seminuda (Lavranos) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
= Ceropegia seminuda (Lavranos) Al-Hawshabi & Abdul-Ghani; Asklepios 126: 18 (2020)
= Duvalia sulcata var. seminuda Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 39: 5 (1967)
species :
Duvalia velutina Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 55: 24, ff. 7-8 (1983)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen: Tihama)
35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia velutina (Lavranos) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 426 (2017)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life