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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35445; hybrids: 684
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.9621 Genus Echinacea Moench; Methodus [Moench] 591 (1794)
Distribution: E-North America
Species listed in database: 9
= Brauneria Neck. ex Porter & Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 333 (1894), nom. superfl.
= Helichroa Raf.; Neogenyton 3 (1825)
species :
Echinacea angustifolia DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 554 (1836)
Name: Narrow-leaved purple coneflower, blacksamson echinacea
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba, Saskatchewan); USA (Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming)
71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Brauneria angustifolia (DC.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 5 (1900)
= Echinacea angustifolia var. strigosa McGregor; Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 70(3): 368 (1968)
= Echinacea pallida var. angustifolia (DC.) Cronquist; Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N. W. [C.L.Hitchcock et al.] 5: 160 (1955)
species :
Echinacea atrorubens (Nutt.) Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 354 (1840)
Name: Topeka purple coneflower
Distribution: USA (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Brauneria atrorubens (Nutt.) C.L.Boynton & Beadle; Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 11 (1901)
= Rudbeckia atrorubens Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 80 (1834)
species :
Echinacea laevigata (C.L.Boynton & Beadle) S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 273 (1929)
Name: Smooth purple coneflower
Distribution: USA (Georgia, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Brauneria laevigata C.L.Boynton & Beadle; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1261 (1903)
= Echinacea purpurea var. laevigata (C.L.Boynton & Beadle ex Small) Cronquist; Rhodora 47: 397 (1945)
species :
Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 354 (1840)
Name: Pale purple coneflower
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Brauneria pallida (Nutt.) Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 334 (1894)
= Echinacea pallida f. albida Steyerm.; Rhodora 44: 150 (1942)
= Rudbeckia pallida Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 77 (1834)
species :
Echinacea paradoxa (Norton) Britton; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 3: 476 (1913)
Name: Yellow coneflower
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Missouri)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Brauneria paradoxa Norton; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12: 40 (1902)
= Echinacea atrorubens var. paradoxa (Norton) Cronquist; Rhodora 47: 398 (1945)
variant :
var. neglecta McGregor; Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 70: 370 (1968)
Name: Bush´s purple coneflower
Distribution: USA (Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinacea atrorubens var. neglecta (McGregor) Binns, B.R.Baum & Arnason; Syst. Bot. 27(3): 625 (2002)
species :
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 591 (1794)
Name: Eastern purple coneflower (EN), Roter Sonnenhut (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; W-European Russia [I] (Kaliningrad region [I]); Moldova [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; South Korea [I]; Myanmar [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin); Costa Rica [I]; Bolivia [I]
11 aut ger pol 14 kry mld ukr 32 kaz tkm tzk uzb 38 kor 41 mya 42 lsi sul 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 80 cos 83 bol
Synonyms: hidden
= Brauneria purpurea (L.) Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 334 (1894)
= Echinacea intermedia Lindl. ex Paxton; Paxton´s Mag. Bot. 15: 79 (1849)
= Echinacea purpurea f. ligettii Steyerm.; Rhodora 44: 150 (1942)
= Echinacea purpurea var. arkansana Steyerm.; Rhodora 40: 71 (1938)
= Echinacea purpurea var. serotina (Nutt.) L.H.Bailey; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2: 1088 (1914)
= Echinacea serotina (Nutt.) D.Don ex G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon], ed. 2: 587 (1832)
= Helichroa alba Raf.; Neogenyton 3 (1825)
= Helichroa amoena Raf.; Neogenyton 3 (1825)
= Helichroa crocea Raf.; Neogenyton 3 (1825)
= Helichroa elatior Raf.; Neogenyton 3 (1825)
= Helichroa fusca Raf.; Neogenyton 3 (1825)
= Helichroa fuscata Raf.; Atlantic J. 150 (1832)
= Helichroa linnaeana Raf.; Neogenyton 3 (1825)
= Helichroa purpurea (L.) Raf.; Neogenyton 3 (1825)
= Helichroa uniflora Raf.; Neogenyton 3 (1825)
= Lepachys purpurea (L.) Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 4: 195 (1819)
= Rudbeckia aspera Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 477 (1807)
= Rudbeckia hispida Hoffmanns.; Verz. Pfl.-Kult. Nachtr. 1: 223 (1824)
= Rudbeckia purpurea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 907 (1753), nom. cons.
= Rudbeckia purpurea var. serotina Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 178 (1818)
= Rudbeckia serotina (Nutt.) Sweet; Brit. Fl. Gard. [Sweet] 1: t. 4 (1823)
species :
Echinacea sanguinea Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 354 (1840)
Name: Sanguine purple coneflower
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinacea pallida var. sanguinea (Nutt.) Gandhi & R.D.Thomas; Sida, Bot. Misc. 4: 69 (1989)
species :
Echinacea simulata McGregor; Sida 3: 282 (1968)
Name: Wavy-leaf purple coneflower
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinacea pallida var. simulata (McGregor) Binns, B.R.Baum & Arnason; Syst. Bot. 27(3): 629 (2002)
= Echinacea speciosa McGregor; Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 70: 366 (1968), not (Wender.) Paxton 1849
species :
Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 1421 (1933)
Name: Tennessee purple coneflower
Distribution: USA (Tennessee)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Brauneria tennesseensis Beadle; Bot. Gaz. 25: 359 (1898)
= Echinacea angustifolia var. tennesseensis (Beadle) S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 273 (1929)
= Echinacea pallida var. tennesseensis (Beadle) Binns, B.R.Baum & Arnason; Syst. Bot. 27(3): 629 (2002)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life