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Ver. 25.01
Jan. 21th, 2024

175.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12108; hybrids: 387
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; J. Sadler, Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)
175.6748 Genus Echinochloa P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 53. I. 11 (1812)
Distribution: Tropical and warm-temperate regions
Species listed in database: 41
= Ornithospermum Durande; Fl. Bourgogne 1: 495 (1782), nom. inval.
= Tema Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 496 (1763), nom. rej.
species :
Echinochloa brevipedicellata (Peter) Clayton; Kew Bull. 32(3): 580 (1978)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Panicum brevipedicellatum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1): 182, et in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Anhang, 33 (1930)
species :
Echinochloa callopus (Pilg.) Clayton; Kew Bull. 34(3): 560 (1980)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; S-Chad; South Sudan; Tanzania
22 BEN BKN GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN SIE 23 CMN ZAI 24 CHA SSU 25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachiaria callopus (Pilg.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 533 (1919)
= Brachiaria stipitata C.E.Hubb.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 498 (1933)
= Brachiaria verdickii Robyns; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 9: 179 (1932)
= Panicum callopus Pilg.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 46 (1902)
species :
Echinochloa caudata Roshev.; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast., Ser. 1, Fasc. 2, 91 (1936)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; ?Iran; China (Anhui, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 36 CHI 38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. caudata (Roshev.) Tzvelev; Zlaki S.S.S.R. 662 (1976)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. caudata (Roshev.) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 73 (1939)
= Echinochloa persistentia Z.S.Diao; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(3): 371 (1988)
species :
Echinochloa chacoensis P.W.Michael ex Renvoize; Kurtziana 24: 161 (1995)
Distribution: Bolivia (Pando, Santa Cruz); Argentina (Jujuy, Santa Fé)
83 BOL 85 ARG
species :
Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 209 (1833)
Name: Schamahirse (DE); Jungle Rice; Shama Millet (EN); Arrocillo, Arroz del monte, Grama pintada (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Croatia [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; European Russia [I]; Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria (incl. Hoggar); Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); ?Azores; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. (La Palma, Gran Canaria, La Gomera); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago); Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; São Tomé; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues; Seychelles [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Ikaria [I], Lesvos [I], Samos [I], Kalimnos [I], Rhodos [I]); Turkey (E-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima, Anejima); Taiwan; Pakistan (Karachi, Sind, Baluchistan, Waziristan, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu,Tripura, Uttar Pradesh); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Penang Isl., Pahan, Selangor, Melaka, Johor); Singapore; South China Sea Isl.; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Balabac, Panay, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Camiguin, Mindanao, Sulu Arch.); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I] (Tongatapu [I], ´Eua [I]); Fiji; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I], Ta´u [I]); Tuvalu [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I], Pukapuka [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Ua Pou [I], Hiva Oa [I], Fatu Hiva [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Moorea [I], Raiatea [I], Bora Bora [I], Maupiti [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Raivavae [I], Tubuai [I], Rapa Iti [I]); Palau [I] (Koror [I], Malakal [I], Ulebsechel [I], Angaur [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Ulithi [I], Truk [I], Moen [I], Pohnpei [I], Kosrae [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Washington [I], Oregon [I], California [I], Nevada [I], Montana [I], Colorado [I], Arizona [I], New Mexico [I], Kansas [I], Oklahoma [I], Texas [I], Missouri [I], Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Tennessee [I], Mississippi [I], Alabama [I], Georgia [I], Florida [I], South Carolina [I], North Carolina [I], West Virginia [I], Virginia [I], Maryland [I], Delaware [I], Pennsylvania [I], New Jersey [I], New Hampshire [I], Massachusetts [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Turks & Caicos Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Anegada [I], St. Croix [I], St. John [I], St. Thomas [I], Tortola [I]); St. Martin/St. Maarten [I]; Saba [I]; Nevis [I]; Antigua [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Grenadines [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Grenada [I]; Barbados [I]; Tobago [I]; Trinidad [I]; Aruba [I]; Bonaire [I]; Curacao [I]; Colombia [I]; Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela [I]; Guyana [I]; Surinam [I]; Surinam [I]; French Guiana [I]; French Guiana [I]; Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I] (Buenos Aires [I], Catamarca [I], Chaco [I], Cordoba [I], Corrientes [I], Entre Rios [I], Formosa Prov. [I], Jujuy [I], La Pampa [I], La Rioja [I], Mendoza [I], Misiones [I], Rio Negro [I], Salta [I], Santiago del Estero [I], Santa Fe Prov. [I], San Luis [I], Tucuman [I]); Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
11 ger 12 bal fra gib por spa 13 cro grc ita kri sic 14 rus 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 21 CNY CVI mdr 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN CON EQG GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOC SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 29 COM MAU MDG REU ROD sey 34 AFG CYP eai IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND ldv NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SCS SNG SUL xms 43 sol 50 aus 60 asa FIJ nwc rot sam ton tuv van 61 aui coo mrq sci 62 gum mic mrn plu 63 haw 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos els gua hon nic pan 81 aba aru bah bbd bon cay cub cur dom gdl gre his jam mar pue sab stk stl stm stv tci trt ven vir 82 clm frg guy sur ven 83 bol ecu gal per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf par uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachiaria longifolia Gilli; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 69: 39 (1966)
= Chamaeraphis brachiariiformis (Steud.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 771 (1891)
= Digitaria cuspidata (Roxb.) Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 265 (1824)
= Echinochloa colonum f. vivipara Beetle; Phytologia 48: 189 (1981)
= Echinochloa colonum f. zonalis (Guss.) Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 53 (1921)
= Echinochloa colonum var. equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39(Suppl.): 1320 (1969)
= Echinochloa colonum var. glauca (Sickenb.) N.D.Simpson; Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt, Techn. Sci. Serv. 93: 10 (1930)
= Echinochloa colonum var. glomerulosa Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 3: 268 (1909)
= Echinochloa colonum var. leiantha Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 436 (1884)
= Echinochloa colonum var. repens (Sickenb.) N.D.Simpson; Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt, Techn. Sci. Serv. 93: 10 (1930)
= Echinochloa colonum var. zonalis (Guss.) Wooton & Stand.; Bull. New Mexico Agric. Exp. Sta. 81: 45 (1912)
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 122 (1923)
= Echinochloa divaricata Andersson; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 549 (1864)
= Echinochloa equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) C.E.Hubb.; Troupin, Fl. Spermat. Parc Nat. Garamba (Explor. Parc Nat. Garamba Miss. H. de Saeger, Fasc. 4) 1. Gymnosp. & Monocot., 33 (1956)
= Echinochloa subverticillata Pilg.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 451 (1941)
= Echinochloa zonalis (Guss.) Parl.; Fl. Panorm. 1: 119 (1839)
= Milium colonum (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 202 (1794)
= Oplismenus colonum (L.) Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 108 (1816)
= Oplismenus colonum var. zonalis (Guss.) Schrad.; Linnaea 12: 429 (1838)
= Oplismenus crus-galli var. colonum (L.) Coss. & Durieu; Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 28 (1854)
= Oplismenus cuspidatus (Roxb.) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 45 (1829)
= Oplismenus daltonii (Parl. ex Webb) J.A.Schmidt; Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. Ins. 136 (1852)
= Oplismenus margaritaceus (Link) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 44 (1829)
= Oplismenus muticus Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 93: 714 (1896)
= Oplismenus pseudocolonus (Roem. & Schult.) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 44 (1829)
= Oplismenus repens J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 321 (1830)
= Orthopogon dichotomus Llanos; Fragm. Pl. Filip. 38 (1851)
= Orthopogon subverticillatus Llanos; Fragm. Pl. Filip. 38 (1851)
= Panicum aegyptiacum Gouan; Hortus Monsp. 35 (1762)
= Panicum brachiariiforme Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 54 (1853)
= Panicum brizoides L.; Mant. Pl. Altera 184 (1771)
= Panicum caesium Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 235 (1837)
= Panicum colonum f. maculatum Arechav.; Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 119 (1894)
= Panicum colonum L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 870 (1759)
= Panicum colonum var. angustatum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1 Anh.): 33 (1930)
= Panicum colonum var. atroviolaceum Hack.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 56: 71 (1911)
= Panicum colonum var. equitans (A.Rich.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. [Durand & Schinz] 5: 772 (1894)
= Panicum colonum var. glaucum Sickenb.; Mém. Inst. Égypt. 4: 300 (1901)
= Panicum colonum var. humile Nees; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 7 (1841)
= Panicum colonum var. pseudocolonum (Roth) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 281 (1841)
= Panicum colonum var. repens Sickenb.; Mém. Inst. Égypt. 4: 300 (1901)
= Panicum colonum var. zonale (Guss.) Dewey; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 2: 502 (1894)
= Panicum crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 26 (1890)
= Panicum crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) Makino & Nemoto; Fl. Japan. [Makino & Nemoto] 1470 (1925), isonym
= Panicum crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Monocot. 132 (1895), isonym
= Panicum crus-galli var. minus Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 359 (1864)
= Panicum cumingianum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 58 (1854)
= Panicum cuspidatum Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 7 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 301 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 298 (1832)
= Panicum daltonii Parl. ex Webb; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] [W.J.Hooker] 185 (1849)
= Panicum echinochloa T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. [Durand & Schinz] 5: 748 (1894)
= Panicum equitans f. aquaticum Chiov.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 299 (1908 publ. 1907)
= Panicum equitans f. terrestris Chiov.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 299 (1908 publ. 1907)
= Panicum equitans Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 365 (1850)
= Panicum flaccidum J.Koenig ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 7: 29 (1896), pro syn.
= Panicum geniculatum Forssk. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 309 (1824), pro syn.
= Panicum haematodes C.Presl; Fl. Sicul. [Presl] xliii (1826)
= Panicum hookeri Parl.; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 8: 586 (1846)
= Panicum incertum Bosc ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 258 (1841), nomen
= Panicum margaritaceum Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 205 (1827)
= Panicum musei Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 58 (1853)
= Panicum numidianum C.Presl; Cyper. Gramin. Sicul. 19 (1820), nom. illeg.
= Panicum petiveri Kotschy ex Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 545 (1864), pro syn.
= Panicum prorepens Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 46 (1853)
= Panicum pseudocolonum Roth; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 424 (1817)
= Panicum tetrastichum Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 19 (1775)
= Panicum zonale Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 82 (1827)
= Setaria brachiariiformis (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. [Durand & Schinz] 5: 775 (1894)
species :
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 53, 161 (1812)
Name: Gewöhnliche Hühnerhirse (DE); Barnyard Grass, Cockspur (EN); Arrocillo, Mijo japones (ES)
Distribution: Denmark; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Estonia [I]; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha de Sao Tiago); Burkina Faso; Sudan; Uganda; Tanzania; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Mauritius; La Réunion; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan [I], Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Kos, Simi, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Bamyan, Farah, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, coastal W-Israel); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia); Qatar; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (W-Yemen); China (throughout); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima, Meijima); Volcano Isl. (Iwojima); Taiwan; Pakistan (widespread); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Penang Isl., Pahan, Selangor, Melaka, Johor); Singapore; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Catanduanes, Camiguin, Cebu, Mindanao, Balabac, Palmas); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Kermadec Isl. [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji; Cook Isl. [I] (Mauke [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Moorea [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Rurutu [I], Tubuai [I]); Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Alberta [I], Manitoba [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Newfoundland [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Washington [I], Oregon [I], California [I], Nevada [I], Idaho [I], Montana [I], Wyoming [I], Utah [I], Colorado [I], Arizona [I], New Mexico [I], North Dakota [I], South Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], Kansas [I], Oklahoma [I], Texas [I], Minnesota [I], Iowa [I], Missouri [I], Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I], Wisconsin [I], Illinois [I], Michigan [I], Indiana [I], Ohio [I], Kentucky [I], Tennessee [I], Mississippi [I], Alabama [I], Georgia [I], Florida [I], South Carolina [I], North Carolina [I], West Virginia [I], Virginia [I], Maryland [I], Delaware [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], New Jersey [I], Vermont [I], New Hampshire [I], Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Rhode Island [I], Maine [I]); Mexico [I]; El Salvador [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Bahamas [I]; Turks & Caicos Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Peru [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I])
10 DEN 11 BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL cis COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI mdr 22 BKN 24 SUD 25 TAN UGA 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 29 MAU MDG REU 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 OMA QAT SAU YEM 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR KZN NKO NNS OGA TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI SNG SUL 43 sol 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ctm ker nzl 60 FIJ nue nwc van 61 aui coo sci 63 haw 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos els nic 81 bah cub gdl his jam tci trt 82 clm 83 per 84 bra 85 arg cle par uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-corvi (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 53 (1812)
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. aristata (Vasinger) Morariu; Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania 12: 89 (1972), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. atra (Kuntze) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 124 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. exigua (Holuby) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 124 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. mixta (A.F.Schwarz) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 124 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. mutica (Vasinger) Morariu; Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania 12: 89 (1972), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. rohlenae (Domin) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 124 (1971 publ. 1972)
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. viridissima (Honda) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 3(App. 1): 73 (1939)
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. vittata F.T.Hubb.; Rhodora 18: 232 (1916)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. aristata Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 158 (1821)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. aristata Schur; 184 (1850), nom. inval.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. breviseta (Döll) Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg 41 (1923)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-corvi (L.) Mathieu; Fl. Gén. Belgique 1: 585 (1854)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. elata Gruner; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 42: 141 (1869)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. kasaharae Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 67 (1963)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. laxiflora Schur; 184 (1850), nom. inval.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. longiseta (Döll) Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg 41 (1923), isonym
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. longiseta (Döll) Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 31 (1859)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. longiseta (Döll) Podp.; Kvetena Moravy (Prace Marav. Prír. Spolc.) 6: 475 (1926), isonym
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. mucronata Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 1(ed. 2): 70 (1850)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. mutica Schur; 184 (1850), nom. inval.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. pumila (Goiran) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 40 (1934), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. pumila Gruner; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 42: 141 (1869)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. pygmaea Schur; 184 (1850), nom. inval.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. ramosa Schur; 184 (1850), nom. inval.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. rigida (Kossenko) Ohwi; 51 (1962)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. stagnina (Host) Rchb.; III (1833)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. viridissima Honda; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 2 (Contr. Cogn. Fl. Manshuricae) 12 (1935)
= Echinochloa disticha St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A. Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 892 (1889), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Echinochloa dubia Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 479 (1817)
= Echinochloa hispida (G.Forst.) Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 267 (1824)
= Echinochloa macrocarpa var. aristata Vasinger; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 739 (1934)
= Echinochloa madagascariensis Mez; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 56 (1917)
= Echinochloa paracorvi Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 137 (1952)
= Echinochloa tzvelevii Mosyakin ex Mavrodiev & H.Scholz; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prír., Otd. Biol., n. s., 112(1): 88 (2007)
= Echinochloa zenkowskii Schltdl.; Linnaea 27: 477 (1854)
= Ischaemum glabrescens Ham. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 7: 31 (1896), pro syn.
= Milium crus-galli (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 202 (1794)
= Oplismenus crus-galli (L.) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg. 138 (1823)
= Oplismenus crus-galli var. depauperatus N.H.F.Desp.; Fl. Sarthe 305 (1838)
= Oplismenus crus-galli var. muticus N.H.F.Desp.; Fl. Sarthe 305 (1838)
= Oplismenus dubius (Roem. & Schult.) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 44 (1829)
= Oplismenus limosus J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 321 (1830)
= Orthopogon crus-galli (L.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 307 (1824)
= Panicum alectorocnemum St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70 (1880), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Panicum alectromerum Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 76 (1867), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Panicum coarctatum Steven ex Trin.; Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 137 (1826), pro syn.
= Panicum corvi Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 46 (1784), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Panicum corvipes Stokes; Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 141 (1812), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Panicum crus-corvi L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 870 (1759)
= Panicum crus-galli proles gouanii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 12 (1913)
= Panicum crus-galli f. brevisetum (Döll) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 53 (1914)
= Panicum crus-galli f. exiguum Holuby; Tren. Term. Tud. Evkonyv 8: 29 (1886)
= Panicum crus-galli f. longisetum (Döll) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 53 (1914)
= Panicum crus-galli f. mixtum A.F.Schwarz; Fl. Nürnb. 1210 (1901)
= Panicum crus-galli L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 56 (1753), nom. cons. prop.
= Panicum crus-galli subsp. breviaristatum Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 18: 214 (1780), nom. inval.
= Panicum crus-galli subsp. longiaristatum Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 18: 214 (1780)
= Panicum crus-galli var. angustifolium Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 232 (1855)
= Panicum crus-galli var. aquaticum Bastard; Essai Fl. Maine et Loire 26 (1809)
= Panicum crus-galli var. aristatum Graves; Cat. Pl. Départ. Oise 145 (1857)
= Panicum crus-galli var. aristatum H.Mart.; 12 (1817)
= Panicum crus-galli var. aristatum Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 4: 22 (1837)
= Panicum crus-galli var. aristatum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 66 (1813)
= Panicum crus-galli var. aristatum Wirtg.; 197 (1841), nom. inval.
= Panicum crus-galli var. aristulatum Goiran; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 17: 47 (1910)
= Panicum crus-galli var. atra Kuntze; Taschen-Fl. Leipzig [Kuntze] 52 (1871)
= Panicum crus-galli var. hostii (M.Bieb.) Hegi; 190 (1907)
= Panicum crus-galli var. longisetum Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 232 (1855), nom. illeg.
= Panicum crus-galli var. longisetum Trin.; Sp. Gram. 2: t. 162 (1829)
= Panicum crus-galli var. mixtum A.F.Schwarz; 851 (1902)
= Panicum crus-galli var. muticum Bréb.; Fl. Normandie 396 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Panicum crus-galli var. muticum Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 82 (1827), nom. illeg.
= Panicum crus-galli var. muticum H.Mart.; 12 (1817)
= Panicum crus-galli var. prostratum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 360 (1898)
= Panicum crus-galli var. pumilum Goiran; Pl. Vasc. Veron. 22 (1874)
= Panicum crus-galli var. pusillum C.Lucas; 20 (1868)
= Panicum crus-galli var. rohlenae Domin; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 58: 40 (1903)
= Panicum dubium Sieber ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 256 (1841), pro syn.
= Panicum goiranii Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 12 (1913)
= Panicum grossum Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 18 (1796) [nom. illeg. superfl.]
= Panicum hirticalycinum Bosc ex Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 468 (1817) [nom. inval.]
= Panicum hirticalycum Bosc ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 315 (1825) [nom. inval.]
= Panicum hispidum G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 7 (1786)
= Panicum limosum J.Presl ex Nees; Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 257 (1829)
= Panicum numidianum Sieber ex Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 267 (1824), pro syn.
= Panicum oryzetorum Sickenb.; Mém. Inst. Égypt. 4: 300 (1901), nom. illeg.
= Panicum scindens Nees ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 47 (1853)
= Panicum segetale Roxb. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 7: 32 (1896), pro syn.
= Panicum stagninum Host; 35, t. 51 (1805)
= Panicum zenkowskii Rupr. ex Schltdl.; Linnaea 27: 477 (1854), nom. altern.
= Pennisetum crus-galli (L.) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 277 (1816)
variant :
var. austrojaponensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 38 (1942)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Philippines; Gilbert Isl. [I] (Butaritari [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Ulithi [I], Faraulap [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Jaluit [I])
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 42 PHI 60 gil 62 mic mrs
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. austrojaponensis (Ohwi) S.L.Dai; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1986(3): 78 (1986)
variant :
var. breviseta (Gaudin) Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 31 (1859)
Distribution: Europe; China (Guangdong); Taiwan; Nepal; Sri Lanka; Nicobar Isl.; peninsular Malaysia
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 NEP SRL 41 NCB 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. breviseta (Gaudin) Morariu; Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania 12: 86 (1972)
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. breviseta (Gaudin) P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 2: 227 (1940)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. breviseta (Gaudin) Podpéra; Kvetena Moravy 6: 475 (1926), isonym
= Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. breviseta (Gaudin) S.L.Dai; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1986(3): 78 (1986)
= Panicum crus-galli var. brevisetum Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 1: 232 (1857), nom. illeg.
= Panicum crus-galli var. brevisetum Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 158 (1828)
variant :
var. echinatum (Willd.) A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 13: 902 (1923)
Distribution: Europe; Brazil; etc.
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. echinata (Willd.) Morariu; Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania 12: 86 (1972)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. echinata (Willd.) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 120 (1923), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa echinata (Willd.) Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 137 (1952)
= Oplismenus echinatus (Willd.) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 45 (1829)
= Orthopogon echinatus (Willd.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 307 (1824)
= Panicum crus-galli var. echinatum (Willd.) Döll; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 2(2): 143 (1877)
= Panicum echinatum Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 1032 (1809)
variant :
var. mitis (Pursh) Peterm.; Fl. Lips. 82 (1838)
Distribution: Germany [I]; North America; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); etc.
11 ger 85 cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. mitis (Pursh) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 349 (1920)
= Panicum crus-galli var. mite Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 66 (1814)
variant :
var. praticola Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 37 (1942)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Yunnan); South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. praticola (Ohwi) S.L.Dai; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1986(3): 78 (1986)
variant :
var. spiralis (Vasinger) comb.ined.
Distribution: Europe; Germany [I]; European Russia; Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia); Russian Far East; Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; China (throughout); Mongolia
11 ger 14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 AZE GEO NCS 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. spiralis (Vasinger) Tzvelev; 662 (1976)
= Echinochloa spiralis var. leonovae Tzvelev; Zlaki Rossii 505 (2019)
= Echinochloa spiralis Vasinger; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 34, 739 (1934)
variant :
var. submutica Opiz; Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. [Berchtold et al.] 1: 494 (1836)
Distribution: widespread in the range of the species; Germany; Austria; Romania; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Iraq; Iran; Afghanistan; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Swat, Chitral, Pakistani Punjab); India (widespread); etc.
11 AUT GER 13 ROM 33 AZE 34 AFG IRN IRQ 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. submutica (Neilr.) Morariu; Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania 12: 89 (1972)
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. submutica (Neilr.) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 121 (1923)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. submutica G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 648 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. submutica Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 31 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa macrocorvi Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo , No. 31, 137 (1952)
= Panicum crus-galli var. submuticum Franch.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 347 (1895)
= Panicum scabrum var. submuticum (Franch.) A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 1900: 652 (1901)
form :
f. zelayensis (Kunth) Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 28: 4 (1941)
Distribution: Mexico [I]; Brazil; Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Jujuy, Salta); Chile [I] (Maule [I])
79 mex 84 BRA 85 ARG cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. zelayensis (Kunth) Shinners; Rhodora 56(662): 33 (1954)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis (Kunth) Hitchc.; Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 772: 238 (1920)
= Echinochloa zelayensis (Kunth) Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 269 (1824)
= Oplismenus zelayensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 108 (1816)
= Panicum crus-galli var. zelayense (Kunth) Stratman; Cath. Univ. Amer. Biol. Ser. 17: 60 (1935)
= Panicum zelayense (Kunth) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 265 (1841)
species :
Echinochloa crus-pavonis (Kunth) Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 269 (1824)
Name: Gulf cockspur grass
Distribution: Italy [I]; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Shaanxi, Sichuan); Nepal [I]; India [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Myanmar [I]; Cambodia [I]; Philippines [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I]); Palau [I] (Babeldaob [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Ulithi [I], Woleai [I], Ifaluk [I]); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Cauca, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, Norte de Santander, Santander, Tolima, Valle, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Sucre, Trujillo); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Acre); NE-Brazil (Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Florida Prov., Maldonado, Montevideo, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía)
13 ita 22 BEN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 BUR CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG 27 SAF 36 CHI 40 ind nep 41 and cbd mya ncb 42 phi 50 aus 51 nzl 61 aui 62 mic plu 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 cub gdl his jam mar pue TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa aristata Raspail; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 299 (1825), nom. inval.
= Echinochloa composita J.Presl ex Nees; Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 259 (1829) [nom. inval.]
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. sabulicola (Nees) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 349 (1920)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-pavonis (Kunth) Hitchc.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 148 (1920)
= Echinochloa kimayalaensis Vanderyst; Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 16: 670 (1925)
= Echinochloa rostrata (Stapf) P.W.Michael; Proc. Conf. Weed Control Rice 293 (1983)
= Echinochloa sabulicola (Nees) Hitchc.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 257 (1913)
= Echinochloa zelayensis var. subaristata Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 54 (1921)
= Oplismenus angustifolius E.Fourn. ex Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 3: 501 (Panici sp.) (1885)
= Oplismenus crus-pavonis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 108 (1816)
= Oplismenus jamaicensis Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 147 (1833) [nom. nov.]
= Oplismenus sabulicola (Nees) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 145 (1833)
= Panicum aristatum Macfad.; Bot. Misc. 2: 115. (1831) [nom. illeg., non Retz. 1786]
= Panicum colonum var. bussei Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1): 179 (1930)
= Panicum crus-galli var. aristatum G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq. 53 (1818), nom. illeg.
= Panicum crus-galli var. sabulicola (Nees) Trin.; Sp. Gram. 2: t. 163 (1829)
= Panicum crus-pavonis (Kunth) Nees; Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 259 (1829)
= Panicum crus-pavonis (Kunth) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 1: 586 (1821)
= Panicum crus-pavonis var. rostratum Stapf; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 7: 396 (1899)
= Panicum horridum Salzm. ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 47 (1853), pro syn.
= Panicum jamaicense (Kunth) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 257 (1841)
= Panicum sabulicola Nees; Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 258 (1829)
variant :
var. macera (Wiegand) Gould; Southw. Naturalist 15(3): 391 (1971)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Washington, California, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Missouri, Louisiana, Mississippi, S-Alabama, S-Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, E-Virginia); Mexico
71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. macera (Wiegand) Shinners; Rhodora 56(662): 34 (1954)
= Echinochloa zelayensis var. macera Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 54 (1921)
= Panicum crus-galli var. pygmaeum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 783 (1891)
= Panicum crus-pici Willd. ex Döll; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 2(2): 143 (1877) [nomen]
species :
Echinochloa elliptica P.W.Michael & Vickery; Telopea 2(1): 28 (1980)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Echinochloa esculenta (A.Braun) H.Scholz; Taxon 41: 522-523 (1992)
Name: Japanese millet (EN), Japan-Hühnerhirse (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; European Russia; Russian Far East [I] (Khabarovsk [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Afghanistan (Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost); China (Guizhou, Hubei, Yunnan); South Korea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Hawaii [I] (+East Maui [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Florida [I], Missouri [I])
11 ger 14 RUS 31 rfe 34 AFG 36 CHI 38 kor 50 aus 51 nzl 63 haw 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. aristata M.Hiroe; Pl. Basho Buson Hokku Lit. 8(1): 513 (1971), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. utilis (Ohwi & Yabuno) T.Koyama; Grasses Japan 503 (1987)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. aristata Honda; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 267 (1930), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. utilis (Ohwi & Yabuno) Kit.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 36: 93 (1985)
= Echinochloa frumentacea subsp. utilis (Ohwi & Yabuno) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 17 (1968)
= Echinochloa frumentacea var. atherachne Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 39 (1942)
= Echinochloa utilis Ohwi & Yabuno; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 50 (1962)
= Panicum esculentum A.Braun; Index Sem. (Berlin) 1861(App.): 3 (1862)
species :
Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 204 (1827)
Name: Billion-dollar grass (EN), Sawa-Hirse, Getreide-Hühnerhirse (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; European Russia; Gambia [I]; Tanzania; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Afghanistan; Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia); China (Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Sichuan, Yunnan); Taiwan; Pakistan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar (Mandalay); Thailand; Cambodia; Australia (Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); Fiji [I]; Canada [I] (Nova Scotia [I]); USA [I] (Washington [I], Nevada [I], New Mexico [I], Kansas [I], Iowa [I], Wisconsin [I], Illinois [I], Michigan [I], Ohio [I], Kentucky [I], Tennessee [I], Alabama [I], Florida [I], West Virginia [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], Vermont [I], New Hampshire [I], Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Rhode Island [I], Maine [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]
11 ger 14 RUS 22 gam 25 TAN 26 ZIM 27 NAM 31 rfe 34 AFG 35 SAU 36 CHI 38 TAI 40 ban IND PAK SRL 41 CBD MYA THA 50 AUS 60 fij 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 81 trt
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa colonum subsp. edulis (Honda) Banfi & Galasso; Nat. Hist. Sci. 8(1): 71 (2021)
= Echinochloa colonum var. frumentacea (Link) Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 223 (1925)
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. edulis (Hitchc.) Honda; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 266 (1930)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. edulis Hitchc.; U.S.D.A. Bull (1915)-23) 772: 238. (1920), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. edulis Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 123 (1923) [nom. illeg., non Hitchc. 1920]
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea (Link) E.G.Camus & A.Camus; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 7: 426 (1922), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea (Link) W.F.Wright; Century Dict. Cyclop. 12, 810 (1909)
= Echinochloa glabrescens var. barbata Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 11: 42 (1949)
= Oplismenus frumentaceus (Link) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 45 (1829)
= Panicum crus-galli var. edule (Hitchc.) Makino & Nemoto; Fl. Japan. [Makino & Nemoto] 1470 (1925), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Panicum crus-galli var. frumentacea (Link) Trimen; Syst. Cat. Fl. Pl. Ceylon 104 (1885)
= Panicum frumentaceum Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 7 (1814), nomen, et Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 307 (1820), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 304 (1832), non Salisb. 1796
species :
Echinochloa glabrescens Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 11: 40 (1949)
Distribution: Afghanistan; China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; S-Japan (Honshu, Shikoku); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Keetaajima, Otohtojima, Hahajima); Volcano Isl. (Iwojima); Taiwan; Pakistan (Hazara, Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; India (Karnataka, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Ulithi [I])
34 AFG 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR KZN NNS OGA TAI 40 IND NEP PAK SRL 62 mic
Remarks: often included as variety into E. crus-galli
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 36 (1942)
= Echinochloa formosensis (Ohwi) S.L.Dai; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1986(3): 78 (1986)
= Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 7: 31 (1896), in obs.
= Echinochloa glabrescens var. glabra Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 11: 42 (1949)
= Echinochloa glabrescens var. pilosa Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 11: 42 (1949)
= Echinochloa micans Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 11: 38 (1949)
species :
Echinochloa haploclada (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 613 (1920)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar
23 BUR ZAI 24 ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ 29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa aristifera (Peter) Robyns & Tournay; Robyns, Fl. Spermatophyt. Parc Nat. Albert 3: 93 (1955)
= Echinochloa haploclada var. stenostachya Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 445 (1932)
= Panicum aristiferum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1): 181, et in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Anhang, 32 (1930)
= Panicum haplocladum Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 58 (1908)
species :
Echinochloa helodes (Hack. ex Stuck.) Parodi; Physis (Buenos Aires) 8: 72, f. 4 (1925)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Colonia, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Rio Negro, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Santa Fe)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Panicum helodes (Hack.) Hauman; Fac. Filos. y Letras Buenos Aires, Publ. Inst. Invest. Geogr. NO. 10, 27 (1925)
= Panicum spectabile var. gracile Kuntze ex Hicken; Chlor. Plat. Argent. 33 (1910), nomen
= Panicum spectabile var. helodes Hack.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 11: 74 (1904)
= Pseudechinolaena helodes (Hack.) Herter; Fl. Ilustr. Urug. 1: 127 (1942)
species :
Echinochloa holciformis (Kunth) Chase; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 155 (1911)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Berchtoldia holciformis (Kunth) E.Fourn.; Mexic. Pl. 2 (Enum. Gram.): 41 (1886)
= Oplismenus holciformis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 107 (1816)
= Orthopogon holciformis (Kunth) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 307 (1825)
= Panicum holciforme (Kunth) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 48 (1854)
species :
Echinochloa holubii (Stapf) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 606 (1920)
Distribution: Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Panicum holubii Stapf; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 7: 394 (1899)
species :
Echinochloa hubbardii (A.Camus) Voronts.; Candollea 77(2): 218 (2022)
Distribution: Zanzibar; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.); Mauritius (Ile aux serpents); La Réunion
25 TAN 29 COM MAU MDG REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Acroceras hubbardii (A.Camus) Clayton; Kew Bull. 34(3): 557 (1980)
= Brachiaria hubbardii A.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 40 (1947)
= Brachiaria hubbardii var. halophila A.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 101: 395 (1954)
= Brachiaria nodosa Renvoize & Bosser; Fl. Mascar. 203: 139 (2018)
= Panicum hubbardii (A.Camus) Renvoize; Fl. Mascar. 203: 123 (2018)
species :
Echinochloa inundata Michael & Vickery; Telopea 1(1): 46 (1975)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Echinochloa jaliscana McVaugh; Fl. Novo-Galiciana 14: 152 (1983)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Echinochloa jubata Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 619 (1920)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Madagascar
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF 29 MDG
species :
Echinochloa kimberleyensis P.W.Michael & Vickery; Telopea 2(1): 25 (1980)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Echinochloa lacunaria (F.Muell.) Michael & Vickery; Telopea 1(1): 44 (1975)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Panicum lacunarium F.Muell.; Trans. & Proc. Victorian Inst. Advancem. Sci. 1: 47 (1855)
= Panicum crus-galli var. lacunarium (F.Muell.) F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 8: 198 (1874)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. lacunaria (F.Muell.) Hughes; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1923: 320 (1923)
species :
Echinochloa leandriana (Bosser) Voronts.; Candollea 77(2): 220 (2022)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliara)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachiaria leandriana Bosser; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 6: 111 (1966)
species :
Echinochloa macrandra P.W.Michael & Vickery; Telopea 2(1): 27 (1980)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Echinochloa muricata (P.Beauv.) Fernald; Rhodora 17: 106 (1915)
Name: Rough barnyardgrass, Cockspur Grass (EN), Stachel-Hühnerhirse (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora, Veracruz)
11 ger 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. longiseta (Trin.) Farw.; Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 350 (1920)
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. muricata (P.Beauv.) Shinners; Rhodora 56: 33 (1954)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. longiseta (Trin.) H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 231 (1938)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. michauxii House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 42 (1923), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. muricata (P.Beauv.) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 350 (1906)
= Echinochloa muricata var. ludoviciana Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 58 (1921)
= Echinochloa muricata var. occidentalis Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 58 (1921)
= Echinochloa occidentalis (Wiegand) Rydb.; Brittonia 1: 82 (1931)
= Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) Rydb.; Brittonia 1: 81 (1931)
= Echinochloa pungens var. coarctata Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 37: 136 (1935)
= Echinochloa pungens var. ludoviciana (Wiegand) Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 37: 137 (1935)
= Echinochloa pungens var. occidentalis (Wiegand) Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 37: 137 (1935)
= Oplismenus muricatus Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 44 (1829)
= Panicum muricatum Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 47 (1803) [nom. illeg., non Retz. 1786]
= Panicum pungens Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 4: 273 (1816) [nom. nov.]
= Setaria muricata P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 51, 170, 178 (1812) [nom. nov.]
variant :
var. microstachya Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 58 (1921)
Distribution: Germany [I]; European Russia [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Myanmar [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada (Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]
11 ger 14 rus 40 srl 41 mya 50 aus 51 nzl 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 mex 85 arg uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli f. purpurea (Pursh) Farw.; Mich. Acad. 21: 349 (1920)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. microstachya (Wiegand) Shinners; Rhodora 56(662): 34 (1954)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. mutica (Elliott) Rydb.; Bull. Colorado Agric. Exp. Sta. 100: 21 (1906)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. muticum (Sickenb.) Simpson; 93: 10 (1930)
= Echinochloa macrocarpa var. mutica Vasinger; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 739 (1934)
= Echinochloa microstachya (Wiegand) Rydb.; Brittonia 1: 82 (1931)
= Echinochloa muricata subsp. microstachya (Wiegand) Jauzein; Monde Pl. 88(446): 3 (1993)
= Echinochloa muricata var. multiflora Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 59 (1921)
= Echinochloa pungens var. microstachya (Wiegand) Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 37: 137 (1935)
= Echinochloa pungens var. multiflora (Wiegand) Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 37: 137 (1935)
= Oplismenus crus-galli var. muticus (Elliott) Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl. 4: 393 (1871)
= Panicum crus-galli f. hispidum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 783 (1891)
= Panicum crus-galli var. muticum Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 1: 114 (1821)
= Panicum crus-galli var. purpureum Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 66 (1814)
variant :
var. wiegandii (Fassett) Mohlenbr.; Ill. Fl. Illinois, Grasses: Panicum-Danthonia, ed. 2, 396 (2001)
Name: Wiegand-Hühnerhirse (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; USA
11 ger
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa pungens var. wiegandii Fassett; Rhodora 51: 2 (1949)
= Echinochloa wiegandii (Fassett) McNeill & Dore; Naturaliste Canad. 103: 557 (1976)
species :
Echinochloa obtusiflora Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 606 (1920)
Distribution: Senegal; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; S-Chad; Sudan
22 NGA NGR SEN 23 CMN 24 CHA SUD
species :
Echinochloa oplismenoides (E.Fourn.) Hitchc.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22(3): 136 (1920)
Name: Chihuahuan cockspur
Distribution: USA (S-Arizona); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sonora, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala
76 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Berchtoldia oplismenoides E.Fourn.; Mexic. Pl. 2 (Enum. Gram.): 41 (1886)
= Echinochloa echinata var. decipiens Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 60 (1921)
= Echinochloa crus-pavonis var. decipiens (Wiegand) Fassett; Rhodora 51: 3 (1949)
species :
Echinochloa oryzicola (Vasinger) Vasinger; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 33 (1934)
Distribution: Spain [I]; E-Asia; trop. Asia; etc.
12 spa
Remarks: often included in E. oryzoides but according to Flora Iberica a separate species. Distribution incomplete.
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. oryzicola (Vasinger) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 580 (2001), isonym
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. oryzicola (Vasinger) T.Koyama; Grasses Japan 503 (1987)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola (Vasinger) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 38 (1942)
= Echinochloa oryzoides subsp. oryzicola (Vasinger) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 701 (2002)
= Echinochloa oryzoides subsp. phyllopogon (Stapf) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 5: 16 (1968)
= Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Stapf ex Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 208 (1940)
= Echinochloa phyllopogon subsp. oryzicola (Vasinger) Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 211 (1943)
= Panicum crus-galli proles oryzicola Vasinger; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 25(4): 125 (1931)
= Panicum oryzicola Vasinger; Trudy Prikl. Bot. 25(4): 125 (1931)
= Panicum phyllopogon Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2698 (1901)
species :
Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 41: (1891)
Name: Rice barnyardgrass, Early water grass (EN), Reis-Hühnerhirse (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; ?Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily; Romania [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Belarus [I]; E-European Russia [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Madagascar [I]; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia); Afghanistan (Kabul, Paktia / Khost); China (Anhui, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; South Korea; Japan; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Tamil Nadu); Thailand; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); USA [I] (California [I]); Peru [I]; Paraguay [I]; Argentina [I]
11 ger hun slo 12 por spa 13 grc ita kri rom SIC tue 14 blr kry rus ukr 26 zim 29 mdg 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG TUR 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 IND 41 THA 50 aus 76 usa 83 per 85 arg par
Synonyms: hidden
= Digitaria hispidula (Retz.) Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow] 91 (1809)
= Echinochloa coarctata Steven ex Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9: 28 (1941) [nom. inval.]
= Echinochloa coarctata var. elatior Koss.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9: 38 (1941)
= Echinochloa coarctata var. ferax Koss.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9: t. 4 (1941)
= Echinochloa coarctata var. macrocarpa Koss.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9: t. 3 (1941)
= Echinochloa coarctata var. tenuis Koss.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9: 38 (1941)
= Echinochloa commutata Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 267 (1824)
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. erecta (Pollacci) Cif. & Giacom.; Nomenclator Fl. Ital. 1: 20 (1950)
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. hispidula (Retz.) Honda; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 267 (1930)
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. hostii (M.Bieb.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 26 (1890)
= Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. oryzoides (Ard.) Cif. & Giacom.; Nomenclator Fl. Ital. 1: 20 (1950)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. hispidula (Retz.) Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 122 (1923)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. hostii (M.Bieb.) A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 13: 902 (1933), isonym
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. hostii (M.Bieb.) Podp.; Kvetena Moravy (Prace Marav. Prír. Spolc.) 6: 475 (1926)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. longiseta (Doll) Borza; Consp. Fl. Roman. 1: 30 (1947)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. macrocarpa (Vasinger) Morariu; Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania 12: 86 (1972)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. macrocarpa (Vasinger) Ohwi; J. Jap. Bot. 18: 541 (1942)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzacea Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 11: 45 (1949)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzoides (Ard.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 69 (1918)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. riukiuensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 11: 38 (1942)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. stagnina Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 723 (1866)
= Echinochloa erecta (Pollacci) Pignatti; Arch. Bot. (Forlì) 31: 2 (1955)
= Echinochloa hispidula (Retz.) Nees; J. F. Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] Mts. 416 (1840)
= Echinochloa hostii (M.Bieb.) Boros ex Holub; Preslia 36: 253 (1964), isonym
= Echinochloa hostii (M.Bieb.) Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(2): 120 (1857), nom. illeg.
= Echinochloa macrocarpa Vasinger; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 34, 739 (1934)
= Echinochloa pachychloa Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 11: 43 (1949)
= Echinochloa phyllopogon subsp. stapfiana (Kossenko) Kossenko; Bot. Közlem. 47: 355 (1958)
= Echinochloa phyllopogon var. stapfiana Kossenko; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 209 (1940)
= Echinochloa phylloryzoides Novelli; Giorn. Risic. 2: 306 (1912)
= Oplismenus crus-galli var. commutatus (Schult.) Heynh.; Nomencl. Bot. Hort. 563 (1840)
= Oplismenus hispidulus (Retz.) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 44 (1829)
= Orthopogon retzii (Retz.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 307 (1824)
= Oryza rubra Walp.; Ann. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 924 (1849), pro syn.
= Panicum crus-galli proles hostii (M.Bieb.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 12 (1913)
= Panicum crus-galli lusus peculiaris Fenzl; Index Sem. (WU, Vindobonensis) 1849: 2 (1851)
= Panicum crus-galli subsp. hostii (M.Bieb.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 26 (1890)
= Panicum crus-galli var. erectum (Pollacci) Fiori; Iconogr. Fl. Ital., ed. 2: 19 (1921)
= Panicum crus-galli var. grandiflorum Döll; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 2(2): 142 (1877)
= Panicum crus-galli var. hispidulum (Retz.) Hack.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7: 644 (1899)
= Panicum crus-galli var. hostii (M.Bieb.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal 66 (1913)
= Panicum crus-galli var. longiaristatum Ducommun; Taschenb. Schweiz. Bot. 837 (1869)
= Panicum crus-galli var. oryzoides (Ard.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Italia 1: 79 (1923)
= Panicum erectum Pollacci; Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia, Ser. 2, 13: 228 (1908)
= Panicum hispidulum Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 5: 18 (1789)
= Panicum hostii M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 57 (1919)
= Panicum mirabile A.Braun; Index Sem. (Karlsruhe) 1846: 3 (1846)
= Panicum oryzinum J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 157 (1791), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Panicum oryzoides Ard.; Animadv. Bot. Spec. Alt. 16, t.5 (1764)
species :
Echinochloa paludigena Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 64 (1921)
Name: Florida cockspur grass
Distribution: USA (Florida); Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico
78 USA 81 CUB HIS PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa paludigena var. soluta Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 64 (1921)
species :
Echinochloa picta (J.Koenig) P.W.Michael; Philippine J. Weed Sci. 5: 18 (1978)
Distribution: S-India (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I])
40 IND 42 NWG 60 sam
Remarks: possibly the same as E. stagnina, in which case picta would have priority
Synonyms: hidden
= Panicum pictum J.Koenig; Naturforscher (Halle) 23: 204 (1788)
= Oplismenus pictus (J.Koenig) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 144 (1833)
= Panicum crus-galli var. samoanum Hack.
species :
Echinochloa pithopus Clayton; Kew Bull. 36(2): 234 (1981)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Hitchc.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 135 (1920)
Name: Yerba del rio; Creeping river grass
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; South Africa (Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahan, Selangor); Sumatra; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Mindanao); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea [I]; USA (Florida, Louisiana, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Antigua; Martinique; St. Lucia; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Bolívar, Casanare, Córdoba, Guaviare, Huila, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Vaupés, Vichada); Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Guaviare, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Falcon, Guarico, Monagas, Portuguesa, Tachira, Zulia); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Carabobo, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz); Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari); Paraguay (Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Rivera, Tacuarembo); Uruguay (Colonia, Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Misiones, Santa Fe); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
22 BKN GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG 27 SAF 29 MDG 36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 THA 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL nwg PHI PLW SUL SUM 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS HON NIC PAN 81 ABA CUB HIS JAM MAR PUE STL TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa echinata P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 53, 161, 169 (1812), nomen
= Echinochloa polystachya (Kunth) Roberty; Fl. Ouest-Afr. 398 (1954), nom. illeg.
= Echinolaena polystachya Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 119 (1816)
= Echinolaena trinii Zoll. & Moritzi; Zoll., Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. 2: 102 (1854), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Lappago oplismenoides Speg.; Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 16: 132 (1883)
= Loxostachys uncinata (Raddi) Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1): 204 (1930)
= Oplismenus oplismenoides (Speg.) Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 9: 7 (1903)
= Oplismenus polystachyus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 107 (1816)
= Orthopogon hirsutus Spreng. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 234 (1841), pro syn.
= Panicum bonplandianum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 48 (1853) [nom. nov.]
= Panicum disjunctum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 417 (1854)
= Panicum echinatum Willd. ex Döll; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 2(1): 193 (1877), pro syn.
= Panicum glandulosum Nees; Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 128 (1829)
= Panicum heteranthum Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 212 (1827)
= Panicum heterochlamys Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1): 173 (1930)
= Panicum nemorosum Willd. ex Döll; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 2(1): 193 (1877), pro syn.
= Panicum phyllanthum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 47 (1853)
= Panicum polystachyum (Kunth) K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas, C 103 (1895), isonym
= Panicum polystachyum (Kunth) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1: 589 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Panicum trinii (Zoll. & Moritzi) Moritzi; H. Zoll., Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. 2: 102 (1854), nom. illeg.
= Panicum uncinatum Raddi; Agrostogr. Bras. [Raddi] 41 (1823)
= Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Humb.Bonpl. & Kunth) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 495 (1919)
= Tragus alienus (Spreng) Schult.; Mant. 2 [Schultes]: 205 (1824)
variant :
var. spectabilis (Nees ex Trin.) Mart.Crov.; Revista Argent. Agron. 9: 318 (1942)
Distribution: Mexico; Panama; Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Martinique; St. Lucia; Colombia; Surinam; Peru; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Santa Catarina, Paraná); Paraguay (Central, Neembucu, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Canelones, Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Argentina Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Formosa, Santa Fe)
79 MEX 80 PAN 81 CUB HIS MAR PUE STL 82 CLM SUR 83 PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa spectabilis (Nees ex Trin.) Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 209 (1833)
= Oplismenus spectabilis (Nees ex Trin.) Kunth; Enum. Pl. [Kunth] 1: 145 (1833)
= Panicum spectabile Nees ex Trin.; Gram. Panic. [Trinius] 138 (1826)
= Pseudechinolaena spectabilis (Nees ex Trin.) Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 9: 118 (1953)
species :
Echinochloa praestans P.W.Michael; Telopea 2(1): 31 (1980)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea, Irian Jaya); Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I])
42 NWG 50 aus
species :
Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 345 (1917)
Name: Pyramiden-Hühnerhirse (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Egypt; Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar; Saudi Arabia (Asir); India [I] (Karnataka [I]); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Queensland [I]); Mexico [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; French Guiana [I]
11 ger 20 EGY 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAF CMN CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 28 sth 29 MDG 35 SAU 40 ind 50 aus 79 mex 80 cos nic 81 gdl stl trt 82 frg
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa frumentacea var. violacea Vanderyst; Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 10: 244 (1919), nom. prov.
= Echinochloa guadeloupensis (Hack.) Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 63 (1921)
= Echinochloa kimpokoensis Vanderyst; Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 10: 244 (1919), nom. inval.
= Echinochloa pyramidalis f. decomposita Chiov.; Racc. Bot. 130 (1935)
= Echinochloa pyramidalis var. guadeloupensis (Hack.) Stehlé; Caribbean Forest. 5: 188 (1944)
= Echinochloa pyramidalis var. violacea Vanderyst; Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 16: 670 (1925)
= Echinochloa quadrifaria (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Chiov.; Malpighia 34: 537 (1937)
= Echinochloa quadrifaria var. atroviolacea (A.Rich.) Chiov.; Missione Biol. Borana 275 (1939)
= Echinochloa senegalensis Mez; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 56 (1917)
= Echinochloa verticillata Berhaut; Mem. Soc. Bot. France 1953-54, 9 (1954)
= Panicum atroviolaceum A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 368 (1850)
= Panicum crus-galli f. aristatum Chiov.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 63 (1897)
= Panicum crus-galli f. muticum Chiov.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 7: 63 (1897), nom. illeg.
= Panicum crus-galli var. molle Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1): 180 (1930)
= Panicum crus-galli var. polystachyum Asch. & Schweinf.; Ill. Fl. Égypte 159 (1887)
= Panicum crus-galli var. sphacelatum Hack.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 6: 140 (1888), nomen
= Panicum frumentaceum var. cuspidatum Nees; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 207 (1843)
= Panicum hildebrandtii Hack. ex T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afr. [Durand & Schinz] 5: 750 (1894), nomen
= Panicum pyramidale Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171 (1791)
= Panicum pyramidale var. hebetatum Stapf; Fl. Cap. [Harvey] 7: 369 (1898)
= Panicum pyramidale var. quadrifarium (A.Rich.) Chiov.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 298 (1908)
= Panicum pyramidale var. spadiceum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1 Anh.): 33 (1930)
= Panicum quadrifarium Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 367 (1851)
= Panicum setarioides Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. [Steudel] 1: 74 (1853)
= Panicum spadiciferum Peter; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 68: 140 (1937), pro syn.
= Panicum spadiferum Peter; Abh. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Phys.-Math. Kl., N. F. 13(2): 110 (1928), nomen
= Panicum spectabile var. guadeloupense Hack.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 1: 328 (1897)
species :
Echinochloa rotundiflora Clayton; Kew Bull. 34: 560 (1980)
Distribution: Cameroon; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea
23 CMN 24 ERI ETH SSU SUD
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachiaria obtusiflora (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Stapf; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 9: 534 (1919)
= Panicum obtusiflorum Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 367 (1850), nom. illeg.
species :
Echinochloa serpens (Kunth) Voronts.; Candollea 77(2): 221 (2022)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antsiranana); Mauritius; La Réunion; Rodrigues
29 MAU MDG REU ROD
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachiaria lateritica A.Camus; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 93: 89 (1946)
= Brachiaria serpens (Kunth) C.E.Hubb.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 654 (1939 publ. 1940)
= Panicum parvifolium var. serpens (Kunth) Baker; Fl. Mauritius [J.G.Baker] 438 (1877)
= Panicum serpens Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 38 (1829)
species :
Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 53, 161, 171 (1812)
Name: Sumpf-Hirse (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State); Lesotho; La Réunion; Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Pakistan (Sind, Rawalpindi, Pakistani Punjab); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhat- tisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Megha- laya, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Tripura); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; peninsular Malaysia; +Singapore; Philippines (Luzon to Mindanao); Java; Australia (Queensland); Fiji [I]; Guam [I]; Hawaii [I] (+Oahu [I]); Puerto Rico [I]
11 ger 20 EGY 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 CHA ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF 29 REU 34 SIN 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND LAO MYA THA 42 JAW MLY PHI SNG 50 AUS 60 fij 62 gum 63 haw 81 pue
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa barbata Vanderyst; Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 10: 245 (1919), nom. prov., et Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 16: 670 (1925)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. sieberiana (Asch. & Schweinf.) A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. 13: 902 (1933)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. stolonifera (Schweinf. & Muschl.) A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. 13: 902 (1933)
= Echinochloa hostii Steven ex Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 209 (1833), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Echinochloa lelievrei (A.Chev.) Berhaut; Mem. Soc. Bot. France (1953)-54: 9-12. 1954
= Echinochloa malakuensis Vanderyst; Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 10: 245 (1919), nom. prov.
= Echinochloa oryzetorum (A.Chev.) A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 14: 18 (1934)
= Echinochloa scabra (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 479 (1817)
= Oplismenus scaber (Lam.) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 44 (1829)
= Oplismenus stagninus (Retz.) Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 44 (1829)
= Orthopogon stagninus (Retz.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 307 (1824)
= Panicum burgu A.Chev.; Assoc. Franc. Avancem. Sci. Compt. Rend. 292: 642 (1901)
= Panicum crus-galli var. leiostachyum Franch.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 348 (1895)
= Panicum crus-galli var. maximum Franch.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 347 (1895)
= Panicum crus-galli var. sieberianum Asch. & Schweinf.; Ill. Fl. Égypte, Suppl. 777 (1889)
= Panicum crus-galli var. stagninum (Retz.) Trimen; Handb. Fl. Ceylon 5: 136 (1900)
= Panicum crus-galli var. stoloniferum Schweinf. & Muschl.; R. C. Muschl., Man. Fl. Egypt 1: 52 (1912)
= Panicum galli Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 18 (1794)
= Panicum lelievrei A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 1900: 651 (1901)
= Panicum oryzetorum (A.Chev.) A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 1900: 651 (1901), nom. illeg.
= Panicum oryzetum A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franç. 1: 728 (1920), nomen
= Panicum scabrum Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 171 (1791)
= Panicum scabrum subsp. burgu (A.Chev.) A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 1900: 652 (1901)
= Panicum scabrum subsp. lelievrei A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 1900: 651 (1901)
= Panicum scabrum subsp. oryzetorum A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 1900: 651 (1901)
= Panicum scabrum subsp. stagninum (Retz.) A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 1900: 651 (1901)
= Panicum scabrum var. franchetii A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 1900: 652 (1901), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Panicum scabrum var. leiostachyum (Franch.) A.Chev.; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. Assoc. Sci. France 1900: 651 (1901)
= Panicum sieberianum (Asch. & Schweinf.) Sickenb.; Mém. Inst. Égypt. 4: 300 (1901)
= Panicum stagninum Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 5: 17 (1789)
= Panicum subaristatum Peter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 40(1): 180 (1930)
species :
Echinochloa telmatophila Michael & Vickery; Telopea 1: 44 (1975)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales); New Zealand [I]
50 AUS 51 nzl
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa dietrichiana P.W.Michael; Telopea 8: 403 (1999)
species :
Echinochloa turneriana (Domin) J.M.Black; Fl. S. Austral. [J.M.Black], ed. 2, 1: 72 (1943)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Panicum turnerianum Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 20: 307 (1915)
species :
Echinochloa ugandensis Snowden & C.E.Hubb.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 315 (1936)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ
species :
Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) A.Heller; Cat. N. Amer. Pl (ed. 2) 21 (1900)
Name: Coast cockspur grass
Distribution: Canada (S-Ontario, Québec); USA (Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, ?Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Vermont, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Michoacan, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Bolivia (Beni, Pando); Brazil [I]
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 ELS GUA HON 81 CAY CUB HIS JAM 83 BOL 84 bra
Synonyms: hidden
= Echinochloa crus-galli subvar. laevigata (Wiegand) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 9: 4 (1925)
= Echinochloa crus-galli var. hispida (Elliott) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 9: 4 (1925)
= Echinochloa longearistata Nash; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 84 (1903)
= Echinochloa walteri f. breviseta Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 37: 137 (1935)
= Echinochloa walteri f. laevigata Wiegand; Rhodora 23: 62 (1921) [nom. nov.]
= Echinochloa walteri var. laevigata (Wiegand) S.R.Hill; Castanea 51(4): 277 (1986)
= Oplismenus crus-galli var. hispidus (Elliott) Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl., ed. 2: 393 (1871)
= Oplismenus hispidus (Elliott) Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 2a): 604 (1847)
= Oplismenus longisetus Kunth; Révis. Gramin. 1: 45 (1829)
= Orthopogon hispidus (Elliott) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 307 (1824)
= Panicum crus-galli var. hispidum (Muhl.) Döll; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 2(2): 142 (1877)
= Panicum crus-galli var. hispidum Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 1: 114 (1816)
= Panicum crus-galli var. walteri (Pursh) Farw.; Rep. Michigan Acad. Sci. 6: 202 (1904)
= Panicum hirtellum Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 72 (1788) [nom. illeg., non L. 1759]
= Panicum hispidum (Elliott) Muhl.; Descr. Gram. [Muhlenberg] 107 (1817), nom. illeg.
= Panicum longisetum Torr.; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 4: 58 (1822) [nom. illeg., non Poir. 1816]
= Panicum walteri Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 66 (1813) [nom. nov.]
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.01 (January 21th, 2025)

Covering 355,968 accepted species,
8,748 hybrids, 47,863 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,228 synonyms,
in total 1,418,722* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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