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480.0000 Family Boraginaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 128 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.
118 genera, ca. 2000 spp.
Species listed in database: 2059; hybrids: 47
= Anchusaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 274, 302 (1818)
= Cerinthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 244 (1820)
= Cynoglossaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 406 (1843)
= Echiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 61 (1837)
= Onosmaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 437 (1820)
480.1101 Genus Echiochilon Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 166, t. 47 (1800)
Distribution: desert areas from Morocco to India, mostly Arabia. Revision: Lönn (1999)
Species listed in database: 16
= Chilochium Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 8: 269 (1821)
= Echiochilopsis Caball.; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 30: 10 (1935)
= Leurocline S.Moore; J. Bot. 39: 257 (1901)
= Sericostoma Stocks; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(2): 14, t. 1377 (1848)
= Tetraedrocarpus O.Schwarz; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 212 (1939)
species :
Echiochilon arabicum (O.Schwartz) I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 289 (1957)
Distribution: Oman; Yemen (SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut)
35 OMA YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tetraedrocarpus arabicus O.Schwartz; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10 (Fl. Trop. Arab.): 213 (1939)
species :
Echiochilon arenarium (Vatke) I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 280 (1957)
Distribution: S-Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echiochilon johnstonii Cufod.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 32: Suppl., 786 (1962), nom. inval.
= Heliotropium arenarium Vatke; Linnaea 43: 319 (1882), nom. illeg.
= Heliotropium lithospermoides Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 10: 397 (1912)
= Sericostoma arenarium (Vatke) I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb. 92: 92 (1930)
species :
Echiochilon baricum Lönn; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 130(3): 229 (1999)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Echiochilon callianthum Lönn; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 130(3): 246 (1999)
Distribution: Oman; S-Yemen
35 OMA YEM
species :
Echiochilon chazaliei (H.Boissieu) I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb. 73: 50 (1924)
Distribution: SW-Morocco (Ifni); Mauritania
20 MOR 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Echiochilon chazaliei f. coeruleum (Caball.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 437 (1938)
= Echiochilon chazaliei var. muratii Dubuis & Faurel; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 50: 321 (1959)
= Echiochilopsis coerulea Caball.; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 30: 10 (1935)
= Leurocline chazaliei (H.Boissieu) Bonnet ex A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franç. 1: 452 (1920)
= Leurocline mauritanica Bonnet; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 14: 403 (1908)
= Lithospermum chazaliei H.Boissieu; J. Bot. [Morot] 10: 220 (1896)
species :
Echiochilon collenettei I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 277 (1957)
Distribution: N-Somalia; Oman
24 SOM 35 OMA
species :
Echiochilon cyananthum Lönn; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 130(3): 231 (1999)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Echiochilon fruticosum Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 167 (1798)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (N-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Yemen (SW-Yemen)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 34 ISR JOR SIN 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echiochilon fruticosum var. marginatum Buxb.; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 76: 61 (1927)
= Echiochilon fruticosum var. sieberi I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 279 (1957)
= Lithospermum divaricatum Sieber ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 543 (1824)
species :
Echiochilon jugatum I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 282 (1957)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman)
35 BAR OMA QAT SAU UAE
species :
Echiochilon kotschyi (Boiss. & Hohen.) I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 283 (1957)
Distribution: Libya; Iran (S-Iran); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar); Yemen
20 LBY 34 IRN 35 OMA UAE YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Lithodora kotschyi (Boiss. & Hohen.) Stroh; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 58: B. 206 (1938)
= Lithospermum kotschyi Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 49 (1844)
= Sericostoma kotschyi (Boiss.) Franch.; Sert. Somal. [Révoil, ed.] 47 (1882)
= Sericostoma pauciflorum var. qeshmensis Ghahr. & Attar; Iran. J. Bot. 7(1): 58 (1996)
species :
Echiochilon lithospermoides (S.Moore) I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb. 73: 50 (1924)
Distribution: S-Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Leurocline lithospermoides S.Moore; J. Bot. 39: 257 (1901)
= Lobostemon lithospermoides (S.Moore) Baker; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4(2.1): 60 (1905)
species :
Echiochilon longiflorum Benth.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 13: 60, t. 1277 (1879)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia; Oman; Yemen (SW-Yemen)
24 DJI ETH SOM 35 OMA YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Echiochilon adenophorum I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 276 (1957)
= Echiochilon somalense (Franch.) I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb. 73: 50 (1924)
= Leurocline somalensis (Franch.) S.Moore; J. Bot. 39: 258 (1901)
= Lobostemon somalensis Franch.; Sert. Somal. [Révoil, ed.] 44 (1882)
species :
Echiochilon pauciflorum (Stocks) Långström & M.W.Chase; Syst. Echiochilon Ogastemma Phylog. Boraginoideae 2: 6 (2002)
Distribution: Iran; Pakistan (Karachi, Sind); India (Daman & Diu, Goa, Guajrat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan)
34 IRN 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Sericostoma pauciflorum Stocks ex Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: 15 (1848)
species :
Echiochilon persicum (Burm.f.) I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 288 (1957)
Distribution: Sudan; Djibouti; Somalia; Soqotra; Iran (S-Iran); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Bahrain; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Aden Desert, Inner Hadhramaut); Pakistan (Sind); India (Gujarat, Maharashtra)
24 DJI SOC SOM SUD 34 IRN 35 BAR OMA SAU UAE YEM 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Echiochilon albidum (Franch.) I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 285 (1957)
= Echiochilon kotschyi var. brevifolia Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 6: 59 (1894)
= Echiochilon nubicum I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 290 (1957)
= Echiochilon strigosum (Deflers) I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 286 (1957)
= Echiochilon thesigeri I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 293 (1957)
= Echiochilon vatkei (Gürke) I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 284 (1957)
= Echiochilon verrucosum (Beck) I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 38: 291 (1957)
= Heliotropium albohispidum Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 220 (1895)
= Heliotropium calcareum Vatke; Linnaea 43: 318 (1882), nom. illeg.
= Heliotropium cinerascens Aitch.; Cat. Pl. Punjab Sindh 94 (1869), nom. illeg.
= Heliotropium deflersii O.Schwartz; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 211 (1939)
= Heliotropium fruticosum var. persicum Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 41 (1768)
= Heliotropium persicum Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. t. 19, f. 1 (1768)
= Heliotropium vatkei Gürke; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3a: 96 (1893)
= Lithospermum persicum (Burm.f.) Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 62 (1918)
= Pioctonon persicum (Burm.f.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 88 (1838)
= Sericostoma albidum Franch.; Sert. Somal. [Révoil, ed.] 46 (1882)
= Sericostoma calcareum (Vatke) I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb. 92: 92 (1930)
= Sericostoma persicum (Burm.f.) B.L.Burtt; Kew Bull. [4]: 138 (1949)
= Sericostoma strigosa Deflers; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 120 (1896)
= Sericostoma verrucosum Beck; Harrar Leipzig [Paulitschke], App. 457, fig. 36 (1888)
species :
Echiochilon pulvinatum A.G.Mill. & L.Urb.; Ethnofl. Soqotra Archipelago 723 (2004)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Echiochilon simonneaui Faurel & Dubuis; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 50: 316 (1959)
Distribution: S-Morocco (Seguiet el Hamra); Western Sahara
20 MOR WSA
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life