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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35209; hybrids: 676
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.4751 Genus Elephantopus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 814 (1753)
Distribution: N- and trop. America; few sp. in trop. Old World
Species listed in database: 21
= Anaschovadi Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 122 (1763)
= Elephantopsis (Sch.Bip.) C.F.Baker; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12(5): 45, 55 (1902)
= Micropappus (Sch.Bip.) C.F.Baker; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12(5): 45, 55 (1902)
species :
Elephantopus angolensis O.Hoffm.; Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: (1892), 172
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Elephantopus arenarius Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 468 (1916)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Conservation Status: threatened (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus pratensis subsp. arenarius (Britton) Hadac; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 432 (1970)
species :
Elephantopus biflorus (Less.) Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 20: 519 (1847), D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 4: 1372
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopsis biflora (Less.) C.F.Baker; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12(5): 45, 55 (1902)
= Elephantosis biflora Less.; Linnaea 4: 322 (1829)
species :
Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.; Nomencl. Bot. [Raeuschel], ed. 3: 256 (1797)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia); Cuba [I]
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 81 cub
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus carolinianus f. vestitus Fernald; Rhodora 44: 458 (1942)
= Elephantopus carolinianus var. violaceus (Sch.Bip.) C.F.Baker; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12(5): 48 (1902)
= Elephantopus flexuosus Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 73 (1817)
= Elephantopus scaber var. carolinianus (Raeusch.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 335 (1891)
= Elephantopus violaceus Sch.Bip.; Linnaea 20: 517 (1847)
species :
Elephantopus elatus Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 11: 21 (1850)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus elatus var. intermedius Gleason; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 252 (1919)
species :
Elephantopus elongatus Gardner; London J. Bot. 6: 426 (1847)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Elephantopus erectus Gleason; Phytologia 1: 40 (1933)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)
84 BRA
species :
Elephantopus hirtiflorus DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 86 (1836)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar, Monagas); N-Brazil; NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
82 VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus decemsquamatus V.M.Badillo; Revista Fac. Agron. (Maracay) 7: 5 (1974)
= Elephantopus paniculatus Mart. ex Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 173 (1873)
species :
Elephantopus mendoncae Philipson; J. Bot. 76: 304 (1938)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Elephantopus micropappus Less.; Linnaea 6: 689 (1831)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná)
84 BRA
species :
Elephantopus mollis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 4: 26 (1818 publ. 1820)
Name: Lengua de vaca (Cuba), Lengua de vaca, Lengua de vaca de Sabana (Dominican Republic), Elephant foot (Jamaica), Zou mouton (Lesser Antilles), Lengua de vaca (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: Senegal [I]; Guinea-Bissau [I]; Guinea [I]; Mali [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; South Sudan [I]; Ethiopia [I]; Angola [I]; Zambia [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Bonin Isl. [I] (Chichijima [I]); Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Moluccas [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Tonga [I] (Lifuka [I]); Vanuatu [I]; Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Ua Huka [I], Ua Pou [I], Hiva Oa [I], Tahuata [I], Mohotani [I], Fatu Hiva [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Mopelia Atoll [I], Tahiti [I], Maupiti [I], Huahine [I], Moorea [I], Mehetia [I], Raiatea [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Asuncion [I], Agrihan [I], Pagan [I], Alamagan [I], Anatahan [I], Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Pohnpei [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola); Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle, Vaupés, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Roraima, Amapa, Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre, Rondônia); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Piauí, Ceara, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia, Alagoas); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Misiones, Paraguari, San Pedro); Uruguay (Artigas, Rivera, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
22 ben bkn gnb gui ivo mli sen tog 23 bio caf cmn con gab pri sao 24 eth ssu 26 ang zam 38 nns oga 41 lao tha vie 42 bor lsi mly mol nwg sul 50 aus 60 fij ton van 61 coo mrq sci 62 gum mic mrn 63 haw 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BBD CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE STL STV TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus carolinensis G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq. 256, 313 (1818)
= Elephantopus carolinianus var. mollis (Kunth) Beurlin; Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 40: 134 (1854 publ. 1856)
= Elephantopus carolinianus Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 2390 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Elephantopus cernuus Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 8: t. 148 (1827 publ. 1831)
= Elephantopus cervinus Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 8: t. 148 (1829)
= Elephantopus dilatatus Gleason; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 240 (1906)
= Elephantopus hypomalacus S.F.Blake; Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 20 (1917)
= Elephantopus martii Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 1830(Jan.-March): 378 (1830)
= Elephantopus mollis var. bracteosus Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 62 (1930)
= Elephantopus mollis var. capitulatus Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 62 (1930)
= Elephantopus pilosus Philipson; J. Bot. 77: 314 (1939)
= Elephantopus scaber var. albiflorus Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 335 (1891)
= Elephantopus scaber var. nudicaulis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 335 (1891)
= Elephantopus sericeus Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 373 (1831)
= Elephantopus serratus Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 635 (1837)
= Elephantopus sordidus Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 212 (1796)
species :
Elephantopus multisetus O.Hoffm. ex T.Durand & De Wild.; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 39(Compt. Rend.): 31 (1900)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus vernonioides S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 267 (1925)
species :
Elephantopus nudatus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 15: 47 (1880)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)
77 USA 78 USA
species :
Elephantopus palustris Gardner; London J. Bot. 5: 237 (1846)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Piauí); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); Paraguay (Amambay, Canindeyu, San Pedro)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus vaginatus Gardner; London J. Bot. 6: 426 (1847)
species :
Elephantopus piauiensis R.Barros & Semir; Ernstia 13(3-4): 96 (2003)
Distribution: Brazil (Piauí)
84 BRA
species :
Elephantopus pratensis C.Wright; Fl. Cub. [Sauvalle] 75 (1869)
Name: Lengua de vaca (Cuba)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
species :
Elephantopus racemosus Gardner; London J. Bot. 6: 427 (1847)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus riedelii Sch.Bip. ex Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(2): 175 (1873)
species :
Elephantopus riparius Gardner; London J. Bot. 6: 425 (1847)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus longifolius Mart. ex Baker; (1873)
species :
Elephantopus scaber L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 814 (1753)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (almost throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (throughout); Singapore [I]; Sulawesi; Philippines [I]; Java; Moluccas; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Mexico [I]; Honduras [I]; Cuba [I]
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 JAW MLY MOL NWG phi sng SUL 50 aus 60 nwc 79 mex 80 hon 81 cub
Synonyms: hidden
= Asterocephalus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 380 (1825 publ. 1824)
= Scabiosa cochinchinensis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 1: 68 (1790)
= Elephantopus scaber var. coeruleus Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 335 (1891)
= Elephantopus sinuatus Zoll. & Moritzi; Syst. Verz. Arch. Ind. [Moritzi et al.] 69 (1846)
variant :
var. argenteus C.Jeffrey; Kew Bull. 43(2): 273 (1988)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
variant :
var. penicillatus Gagnep.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 503 (1924)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO THA VIE
variant :
var. plurisetus O.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 426 (1902)
Distribution: Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Madagascar; Comores; Seychelles [I]
23 CMN ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 29 COM MDG sey
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus plurisetus (O.Hoffm.) Clonts; Diss. Abstr. Int., B 33(4): 1423 (1972), without basionym ref.
= Elephantopus scaber subsp. plurisetus (O.Hoffm.) Philipson; J. Bot. 76: 303 (1938)
= Elephantopus scaber var. brevisetus Philipson; J. Bot. 76: 304 (1938)
= Elephantopus welwitschii Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 540 (1898)
species :
Elephantopus senegalensis (Klatt) Oliv. & Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 299 (1877)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; SW-Chad; Uganda; Angola
22 BEN BKN GHA GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO CAF CMN GAB ZAI 24 CHA 25 UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus gossweileri S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 267 (1925)
= Synchodium senegalense Klatt; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 18: 364 (1873)
species :
Elephantopus tomentosus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 814 (1753)
Distribution: China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I]); Taiwan [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Borneo [I]; Philippines [I]; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia); Mexico [I]; Colombia [I]; Bolivia [I]
36 chi 38 tai 42 bor mly phi 74 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 mex 82 clm 83 bol
Synonyms: hidden
= Elephantopus bodinieri Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 117 (1921)
= Elephantopus carolinianus var. simplex Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 187 (1818)
= Elephantopus nudicaulis Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 481 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Elephantopus nudicaulis Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 543 (1812)
= Elephantopus nudicaulis var. major Hook.; Compan. Bot. Mag. 1: 96 (1835)
= Elephantopus tomentosus f. rotundatus Fernald; Rhodora 38: 445 (1936)
= Elephantopus tomentosus var. nudicaulis (Poir.) C.F.Baker; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 12(5): 48 (1902)
= Elephantopus virgatus Ham.; Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. [Hamilton] 52 (1825)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life