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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

441.0000 Family Ericaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 159 (1789), nom. cons.
127 genera, ca. 4500 spp. The inclusion of Empetraceae, Pyrolaceae, Epacridaceae and Monotropaceae follows conclusive molecular evidence.
Species listed in database: 4533; hybrids: 125
= Andromedaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 428 (1843)
= Arbutaceae Bromhead; Mag. Nat. Hist., n. s. 4: 337, 338 (1840)
= Arctostaphylaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 106 (1858)
= Azaleaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 272, 294 (1818)
= Diplarchaceae Klotzsch; Allgem. Deutsch. Nat. Hist. Zeit. 3: 230 (1857)
= Empetraceae Hook. & Lindl.; W. J. Hook., Fl. Scot.: 297 (1821), nom. cons.
= Epacridaceae R.Br.; Prodr.: 535 (1810), nom. cons.
= Hypopityaceae Klotzsch; Linnaea 24: 11 (1851)
= Ledaceae J.F.Gmel.; Allg. Gesch. Pflanzengifte, ed. 2: 404 (1803)
= Menziesiaceae Klotzsch; Linnaea 24: 11 (1851)
= Monotropaceae Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 272 (1818), nom. cons.
= Oxycoccaceae A.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 713, 714 (1891)
= Prionotaceae Hutch.; Evol. Phylog. Fl. Pl.: 306 (1969)
= Pyrolaceae Lindl.; Syn. Brit. Fl.: 175 (1829), nom. cons.
= Rhododendraceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 158 (1789)
= Rhodoraceae Vent.; Tabl. Règne Vég. 2: 449 (1799)
= Salaxidaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 104 (1858)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Stypheliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 72 (1834)
= Vacciniaceae DC. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl.: 228 (1818), nom. cons.
441.5403 Genus Empetrum L.; Sp. Pl. 2: 1022 (1753)
Distribution: arctic and temp. hemisphere, temp. S-America, Falkland Isl., Tristan da Cunha; Russia (N-areas)
Species listed in database: 5
= Chamaetaxus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 118 (1897)
species :
Empetrum atropurpureum Fernald & Wiegand; Rhodora 15: 214 (1913)
Name: Purple crowberry
Distribution: Canada (Labrador, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont)
72 CDN 75 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum eamesii subsp. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) D.Löve; Rhodora 62: 288 (1960)
= Empetrum nigrum var. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 433 (1966)
= Empetrum nigrum var. purpureum (Raf.) DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum rubrum var. atropurpureum (Fernald & Wiegand) R.D.Good; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 519 (1927)
species :
Empetrum eamesii Fernald & Wiegand; Rhodora 15: 215 (1913)
Name: Purple crowberry
Distribution: Canada (Labrador, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl., Québec)
72 CDN
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum nigrum var. eamesii (Fernald & Wiegand) B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 433 (1966)
= Empetrum rubrum subsp. eamesii (Fernald & Wiegand) R.D.Good; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 519 (1927)
= Empetrum rubrum var. eamesii (Fernald & Wiegand) Cronquist; H. A. Gleason & Cronquist, Man. Vasc. Pl. Northeast. U. S. & Adjacent Canada, ed. 2: 864 (1991)
species :
Empetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup; Dansk Bot. Arkiv 5: No. 2, 1 (1927)
Name: Zwittrige Krähenbeere (DE)
Distribution: Jan Mayen; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Czech Republic; Slovakia; N-Spain (Pyrenees); Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Estonia (Gulf of Finland Isl.); European Russia; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (California, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Oregon, Vermont, Washington State)
10 JMY 11 CZE GER LIE SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 BIH ITA SLV 14 EST RUS 34 TUR 70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 75 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum eamesii subsp. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) D.Löve; Rhodora 62: 289 (1960)
= Empetrum hermaphroditum var. americanum V.N.Vassil.; Rod Empetrum: 56 (1961)
= Empetrum nigrum f. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) Lange; Meddel. Grønland 3: 18 (1880)
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) Böcher; Meddel. Grönl. 147(9): 81 (1952)
= Empetrum nigrum var. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) T.Sørensen; Meddel. Grønland 101(3): 95 (1933)
species :
Empetrum nigrum L.; Sp. Pl. 1022 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. nigrum
Name: Schwarze Krähenbeere (DE), Black crowberry (EN)
Distribution: Iceland; Svalbard; Faeroe Isl.; England; Ireland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; N-Spain (Pyrenees); Andorra; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; ?Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Magadan); China (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol); Mongolia; Alaska; Canada (Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (California, Oregon, Washington State)
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SVA SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER LIE NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 70 ASK 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 76 USA
Remarks: nigrum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaetaxus nigra (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 118 (1897)
= Empetrum arcticum V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 1945: 4 (1947)
= Empetrum crassifolium Raf.; New Fl. Am. 3: 51 (1836)
= Empetrum medium Carmich.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 12: 508 (1818)
= Empetrum nigrum f. ciliatum Jordal; Rhodora 54: 38 (1952)
= Empetrum nigrum f. cylindricum Lepage; Naturaliste Canad. 82: 192 (1955)
= Empetrum nigrum f. leucocarpum Asch. ex Neuman; Sver. Fl.: 292 (1901)
= Empetrum nigrum f. purpureum (Raf.) Fernald; Rhodora 25: 83 (1923)
= Empetrum nigrum var. leucocarpum (Asch. ex Neuman) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1605 (1927)
= Empetrum nigrum var. purpureum (Raf.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum procumbens Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 393 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Empetrum purpureum Raf.; New Fl. Am. 3: 50 (1836)
= Empetrum scoticum Hook. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steud.], ed. 2. 1: 553 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. albidum (V.N.Vassil.) Nedol.; Konsp. Dendrofl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 40 (1995)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin)
31 RFE
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum albidum V.N.Vassil.; Rod. Empetrum, 102 (1961)
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. albidum (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn., 81(10):113 (1996), isonym
subspecies :
subsp. androgynum (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn., 81(10): 113 (1996)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan); N-Mongolia
31 RFE 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum androgynum V.N.Vassil.; Referat. Nauch.-Issl. Rab. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Biol., 3 (1945 publ. 1947)
= Empetrum polare V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 1945: 4 (1947)
subspecies :
subsp. asiaticum (Nakai ex H.Itô) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); China (E-Nei Mongol, N-Heilongjiang); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum albicarphum Sugaw.; Pl. Sachal. Nak. 1: 226 (1937)
= Empetrum asiaticum (Nakai ex H.Itô) Nakai ex V.Vassil.; Rod. Empetrum: 96 (1961)
= Empetrum kurilense V.N.Vassil.; Fl. URSS, ed. Kom. 14: 744 (1949)
= Empetrum nigrum f. albicarphum (Sugaw.) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 194 (1939)
= Empetrum nigrum f. japonicum R.D.Good; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47(317): 515, 518-519, f. 3, 4 (1927)
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. japonicum Hultén; Ark. Bot., a.s. 7(1): 83 (1967 publ. 1968), nom. illeg.
= Empetrum nigrum var. album J.Y.Ma & Yue Zhang; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 22: 389 (2002)
= Empetrum nigrum var. asiaticum Nakai ex H.Ito; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47(564): 895 (1933)
= Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 492 (1936), nom. illeg.
= Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum Siebold & Zucc. ex K.Koch; Hort. Dendrol.: 89 (1853)
= Empetrum sibiricum var. japonicum (Siebold & Zucc. ex K.Koch) Tzvelev; Sosud. Rast. Sovet. Dal´nego Vostoka 5: 169 (1991)
subspecies :
subsp. caucasicum (Juz.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn., 81(10):113 (1996)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum androgynum var. caucasicum (Juz.) V.N.Vassil.; nom. nud.
= Empetrum caucasicum Juz.; Spisok Rast. Herb. Fl. URSS 13: 79 (1955)
subspecies :
subsp. kardakovii (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn., 81(10):113 (1996)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Commander Isl.); Aleutes
31 RFE 70 ASK
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum kardakovii V.N.Vassil.; Referat. Nauch.-Issl. Rab. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Biol., 4 (1947)
subspecies :
subsp. stenopetalum (V.N.Vassil.) Nedol.; Konsp. Dendrofl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 40 (1995)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); NE-China; Mongolia
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. sibiricum (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(10): 113 (1996)
= Empetrum pubescens V.N.Vassil.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 1945: 3 (1947)
= Empetrum sibiricum V.N.Vassil.; Referat. Nauch.-Issl. Rab. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Biol., 3 (1947)
= Empetrum stenopetalum V.N.Vassil.; Referat. Nauch.-Issl. Rab. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Biol., 4 (1947)
subspecies :
subsp. subholarcticum (V.N.Vassil.) Kuvaev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 76: 1172 (1991)
Distribution: European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Mongolia
14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum nigrum subsp. subholarcticum (V.N.Vassil.) Nedol.; Konsp. Dendrofl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 39 (1995)
= Empetrum subholarcticum V.N.Vassil.; Referat. Nauch.-Issl. Rab. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Biol., 4 (1947)
species :
Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willd.; Sp. Pl. 4: 713 (1806)
Name: Brecillo, murtilla de Magallanes [Chile]
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego); Chile (Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes); Juan Fdz. Isl.; Falkland Isl.; Gough Isl.; Tristan da Cunha
85 ARG CLE JNF 91 FAL TDC
Synonyms: hidden
= Empetrum andinum Phil. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum bilobum Phil.; ex Gest. Bot. Zeitschr. XLIII 27 (1893)
= Empetrum hookeranum V.N.Vassil.; Rod. Empetrum, 36 (1961)
= Empetrum maclovianum Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 60: 26 (1913)
= Empetrum nigrum var. andinum A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum nigrum var. rubrum (Vahl ex Willd.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 16(1): 26 (1869)
= Empetrum rubrum f. falklandicum R.D.Good; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 47: 517 (1927)
= Empetrum tomentosum V.N.Vassil.; Rod. Empetrum, 38 (1961)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life