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406.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
133 genera, ca. 1700-1800 spp. There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. The phylogeny is still somewhat in flux, but is getting more stabilized now. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1810; hybrids: 78
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
406.5863 Genus Espostoa Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 2: 120 (1920) emend. Cactaceae [Marshall & Bock] 102 (1941)
Distribution: Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
Species listed in database: 10
= Binghamia Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 2: 167 (1920), nom. illeg.
= Pseudespostoa Backeb.; Cact. J. (Croydon) 1: 52 (1933)
= Thrixanthocereus Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937: Nachtr. 15 (1937) (1)
= Vatricania Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 22: 154 (1950) (probably to be transferred into Cleistocactus)
species :
Espostoa blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Buxb.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 106: 155 (1959)
Distribution: N-Peru (Huancabamba Valley, Olmos Valley, Cajamarca)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalocereus blossfeldiorum Werderm.; Kakteenkunde 1937: 4 (1937)
= Cereus blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. 4(8, Nachtr. 15): 1 (1937)
= Facheiroa blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Marshall; Cactaceae [Marshall & Bock] 102 (1941) (blossfeldiora), et Cact. & Succ. J. Amer. 17: 117 (1945)
= Thrixanthocereus blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. No. 8, Nachtr. 15, p. 2, et Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938, No. 1, p. 2 (1937)
= Thrixanthocereus cullmannianus F.Ritter; Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 118 (1961)
= Thrixanthocereus longispinus F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1484 (1981)
species :
Espostoa calva F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1432 (1981)
Distribution: Peru (Amazonas)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Espostoa calva subsp. utcubambensis (G.J.Charles) Ostolaza; Cactus Perú 278 (2014)
= Espostoa calva subsp. utcubambensis (G.J.Charles) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. II): 1 (2016), isonym
= Espostoa utcubambensis G.J.Charles; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21(2): 69 (2003)
species :
Espostoa cremnophila Hoxey; Bradleya 32: 38 (2014)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Espostoa frutescens Madsen; Fl. Ecuador 35(45): 36 (1989)
Distribution: Ecuador (Azuay)
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Espostoa lanata subsp. frutescens (Madsen) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. II): 5 (2016)
species :
Espostoa hylaea F.Ritter; Taxon 13: 143 (1964)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Espostoa lanata (Kunth) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 2: 61 (1920)
subspecies :
subsp. lanata
Name: Cotton Ball Cactus, Peruvian Old Man, Snowball Cactus, Snowball Old Man
Distribution: S-Ecuador; N-Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Cactus lanatus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 6: 68 (1823)
= Cephalocereus dautwitzii (J.N.Haage) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 373 (1894)
= Cephalocereus dautwitzii (Seitz) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 373 (1894)
= Cereus dautwitzii (J.N.Haage) Orcutt; W. Amer. Sci. 13: 63 (1902)
= Cereus dautwitzii (J.N.Haage) Mottet; Dict. Prat. Hort. 1: 581 (1892-1893)
= Cereus lanatus (Kunth) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 3: 464 (1828)
= Cereus lanatus subsp. sericatus (Backeb.) Werderm.; Neue Kakteen 71 (1931)
= Cereus sericatus Backeb.; Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 3: 157 (1931)
= Cleistocactus lanatus (Kunth) F.A.C.Weber; Cleistocactus [Roland-Gosselin] 9 (1904)
= Espostoa dautwitzii (J.N.Haage) Borg; Cacti [Borg] 112 (1937)
= Espostoa lanata f. roseiflora (Madsen & Z.Aguirre) Guiggi; Cactology 5(Suppl. II): 5 (2016)
= Espostoa lanata subsp. roseiflora Madsen & Z.Aguirre; Nordic J. Bot. 23(1): 24 (2004)
= Espostoa lanata var. floridaensis F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1442 (1981)
= Espostoa lanata var. sericata (Backeb.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 4: 2529 (1960)
= Espostoa laticornua Rauh & Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 35 (1957)
= Espostoa laticornua var. atroviolacea Rauh & Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 1: 35 (1956 publ. 1957)
= Espostoa laticornua var. rubens Rauh & Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 1: 35 (1956 publ. 1957)
= Espostoa procera Rauh & Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 1: 35 (1956 publ. 1957)
= Espostoa ritteri Buining; Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 25 (1960)
= Espostoa sericata (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 3: 131 (1932), et Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 340 (1935)
= Oreocereus lanatus (Kunth) Britton & Rose; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2404 (1916)
= Pilocereus dautwitzii J.N.Haage; Gard. Chron. 1873: 7 (1873)
= Pilocereus lanatus (Kunth) F.A.C.Weber; Dict. Hort. [Bois] 965 (1898)
= Pilocereus lanatus var. haagei Jostmann; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 25 (1911)
subspecies :
subsp. huanucoensis (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 15 (2002)
Distribution: Peru (Huanuco)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Espostoa huanucoensis Johnson ex F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1435 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. lanianuligera (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 15 (2002)
Distribution: Peru (Cajamarca)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Espostoa lanianuligera F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1443 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. ruficeps (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 15 (2002)
Distribution: Peru (Ancash)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Espostoa ruficeps F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1448 (1981)
species :
Espostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Borg; Cacti [Borg] 112 (1937), vide Gray Herb. Card Cat.
subspecies :
subsp. melanostele
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Binghamia melanostele (Vaupel) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 2: 167 (1920)
= Cephalocereus melanostele Vaupel; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 12 (1913)
= Cereus melanostele (Vaupel) A.Berger; Kakteen [Berger] 147, 338 (1929)
= Echinopsis melanostele (Vaupel) Molinari; Succulentopia 13: 19 (2015)
= Espostoa haagei (Poselg. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler) Borg; Cacti [Borg] 112 (1937)
= Espostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Bullock; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 458 (1938)
= Espostoa melanostele f. inermis (Backeb.) Krainz; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 26: C/Va (1964)
= Haageocereus melanostele (Vaupel) Marshall; (nomen)
= Pilocereus haagei Poselg. ex C.F.Först. & Rümpler; Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2 [Rümpler] 665 (1885)
= Pseudespostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Backeb.; Cact. J. (Croydon) 1: 52 (1933), Backeb. Blätt. Kakteenf. Pt.10, p. 2 (1934), descr.
= Pseudespostoa melanostele var. inermis Backeb.
subspecies :
subsp. nana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 15 (2002)
Distribution: Peru (Ancash)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Espostoa nana F.Ritter; Taxon 13: 143 (1964)
= Pseudespostoa nana (F.Ritter) Backeb.; Kakteenlexikon 371 (1966)
species :
Espostoa mirabilis F.Ritter; Taxon 13: 143 (1964)
Distribution: N-Peru (Maranon Gorge)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Espostoa baumannii Kníze; Biota 7: 263 (1969)
= Espostoa baumannii var. arborescens Kníze; Biota 7: 263 (1969)
= Espostoa mirabilis var. primigena F.Ritter; Taxon 13: 143 (1964)
= xEspostocactus ×baumannii (Kníze) G.D.Rowley; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 22: 65 (2004)
species :
Espostoa senilis (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor; Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40(2): 54 (1978)
Distribution: Peru (Ancash)
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Thrixanthocereus senilis F.Ritter; Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 89 (1961)
species :
Espostoa superba F.Ritter; Kakteen And. Sukk. 11: 85 (1960)
Distribution: Peru (Maranon)
83 PER
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.07 (July 5th, 2025)

Covering 356,783 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,637 synonyms,
in total 1,417,272* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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