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341.0000 Family Euphorbiaceae A.Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 384 (1789), nom. cons. (s. str.)
210 genera, ca. 6700 spp.
Species listed in database: 6481; hybrids: 56
= Acalyphaceae A.Juss. ex Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 172 (1839)
= Bertyaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 190 (1858)
= Cheilosaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxi (2001)
= Crotonaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 258 (1858)
= Hippomanaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 244 (1858)
= Mercurialaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 237 (1820)
= Ricinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 547 (1820)
= Ricinocarpaceae Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 224 (1954)
= Tithymalaceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 3: 483 (1799)
= Tragiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 111 (1838)
= Trewiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 174 (1836)
341.5241 Genus Euphorbia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 450 (1753)
Distribution: Cosmopolitan
Species listed in database: 2027; hybrids: 48
= Adenopetalum Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1860), et Abh. Acad. Berl. 47 (1860)
= Adenorima Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1836)
= Agaloma Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Aklema Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1836)
= Alectoroctonum Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 252 (1847)
= Allobia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Anisophyllum Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 159 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Anthacantha Lem.; Ill. Hort. 5(Misc.): 64 (1858)
= Aplarina Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 99 (1836)
= Arthrothamnus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 251 (1859)
= Athymalus Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 353 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Chamaesyce Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 260 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Characias Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 259 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Chylogala Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Crepidaria Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 136 (1812), nom. superfl.
= Ctenadena Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 13, in clavi, 28 (1933)
= Cubanthus (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 371 (1913)
= Cyathophora Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 117 (1836)
= Cystidospermum Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 13, in clavi, 25 (1933)
= Dactylanthes Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 132 (1812)
= Dematra Raf.; Autik. Bot. 96 (1840)
= Desmonema Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 177 (1833)
= Diadenaria Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 254 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 107 (1860)
= Dichylium Britton; Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 5: 499 (1924)
= Diplocyathium Heinr.Schmidt; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22(1): 40 (1907)
= Ditritra Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 115 (1838)
= Elaeophorbia Stapf; Liberia [H.H.Johnston] 2: 646 (1906)
= Endadenium L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 1 (1-2): 31 (1973)
= Endoisila Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 114 (1838)
= Epurga Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Esula (Pers.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 153 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Euforbia Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 258 ((1811-1815))
= Eumecanthus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248 (1859)
= Euphorbiastrum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 252 (1860)
= Euphorbiodendron Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
= Euphorbion St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 125 (1880)
= Euphorbiopsis H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 446 (1911)
= Euphorbium Hill; Brit. Herb. [Hill] 157 (1756)
= Galarhoeus Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 143 (1812)
= Hexadenia Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 253 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 106 (1860)
= Kanopikon Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1836)
= Keraselma Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 353 (1790)
= Keraselma Neck. ex Juss.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 24: 387 (1822)
= Keraselma Neck. ex Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Kobiosis Raf.; Autik. Bot. 94 (1840), Pennell, in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 94 (1921)
= Lacanthis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 94 (1836)
= Lepadena Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 113 (1836)
= Leptopus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 249 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Lophobios Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Lortia Rendle; J. Bot. 36: 29 (1898)
= Lyciopsis (Boiss.) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 37 (1867)
= Medusea Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 133 (1812)
= Monadenium Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 126 (1894)
= Murtekias Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Nisomenes Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Peccana Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 114 (1838)
= Pedilanthus Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 354 (1790) ex Poit. (1812)
= Pedilanthus Neck. ex Poit.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 388 (1812), nom. cons.
= Petaloma Raf. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 63 (1862), pro syn.
= Pleuradena Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 182 (1833)
= Poinsettia Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 20: 412 (1836)
= Pythius Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Sclerocyathium Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 14, in clavi, 30 (1933)
= Stenadenium Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 343 (1901)
= Sterigmanthe Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 252 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 100 (1860)
= Synadenium Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 187 (1862)
= Tirucalia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1836)
= Tithymaloides Ludw. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891), orth. var.
= Tithymaloides Ortega; Tabl. Bot. 9 (1773), nom. rej.
= Tithymalopsis Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859)
= Tithymalus Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 115 (1790), nom. cons.
= Tithymalus Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754), nom. rej.
= Tithymalus Ség.; Pl. Veron. 3: 91 (1754), nom. illeg.
= Torfasadis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1838)
= Treisia Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 131 (1812)
= Trichosterigma Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 41 (1860)
= Tumalis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1836)
= Vallaris Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Ventenatia Tratt.; Gen. Pl. [Trattinnick] 86 (1802)
= Xamesike Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1836)
= Zalitea Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 98 (1836)
= Zygophyllidium Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 714 (1903)

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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