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341.0000 Family Euphorbiaceae A.Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 384 (1789), nom. cons. (s. str.)
210 genera, ca. 6700 spp.
Species listed in database: 6481; hybrids: 56
= Acalyphaceae A.Juss. ex Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 172 (1839)
= Bertyaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 190 (1858)
= Cheilosaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxi (2001)
= Crotonaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 258 (1858)
= Hippomanaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 244 (1858)
= Mercurialaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 237 (1820)
= Ricinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 547 (1820)
= Ricinocarpaceae Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 224 (1954)
= Tithymalaceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 3: 483 (1799)
= Tragiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 111 (1838)
= Trewiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 174 (1836)
341.5241 Genus Euphorbia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 450 (1753)
Distribution: Cosmopolitan
Species listed in database: 2027; hybrids: 48
= Adenopetalum Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1860), et Abh. Acad. Berl. 47 (1860)
= Adenorima Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1836)
= Agaloma Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Aklema Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1836)
= Alectoroctonum Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 252 (1847)
= Allobia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Anisophyllum Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 159 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Anthacantha Lem.; Ill. Hort. 5(Misc.): 64 (1858)
= Aplarina Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 99 (1836)
= Arthrothamnus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 251 (1859)
= Athymalus Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 353 (1790), opus utique oppr.
= Chamaesyce Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 260 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Characias Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 259 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Chylogala Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Crepidaria Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 136 (1812), nom. superfl.
= Ctenadena Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 13, in clavi, 28 (1933)
= Cubanthus (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 371 (1913)
= Cyathophora Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 117 (1836)
= Cystidospermum Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 13, in clavi, 25 (1933)
= Dactylanthes Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 132 (1812)
= Dematra Raf.; Autik. Bot. 96 (1840)
= Desmonema Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 177 (1833)
= Diadenaria Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 254 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 107 (1860)
= Dichylium Britton; Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 5: 499 (1924)
= Diplocyathium Heinr.Schmidt; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22(1): 40 (1907)
= Ditritra Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 115 (1838)
= Elaeophorbia Stapf; Liberia [H.H.Johnston] 2: 646 (1906)
= Endadenium L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 1 (1-2): 31 (1973)
= Endoisila Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 114 (1838)
= Epurga Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Esula (Pers.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 153 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Euforbia Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 258 ((1811-1815))
= Eumecanthus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248 (1859)
= Euphorbiastrum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 252 (1860)
= Euphorbiodendron Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
= Euphorbion St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 125 (1880)
= Euphorbiopsis H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 446 (1911)
= Euphorbium Hill; Brit. Herb. [Hill] 157 (1756)
= Galarhoeus Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 143 (1812)
= Hexadenia Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 253 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 106 (1860)
= Kanopikon Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1836)
= Keraselma Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 353 (1790)
= Keraselma Neck. ex Juss.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], ed. 2, 24: 387 (1822)
= Keraselma Neck. ex Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Kobiosis Raf.; Autik. Bot. 94 (1840), Pennell, in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 94 (1921)
= Lacanthis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 94 (1836)
= Lepadena Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 113 (1836)
= Leptopus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 249 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Lophobios Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Lortia Rendle; J. Bot. 36: 29 (1898)
= Lyciopsis (Boiss.) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 37 (1867)
= Medusea Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 133 (1812)
= Monadenium Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 126 (1894)
= Murtekias Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Nisomenes Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Peccana Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 114 (1838)
= Pedilanthus Neck.; Elem. Bot. [Necker] 2: 354 (1790) ex Poit. (1812)
= Pedilanthus Neck. ex Poit.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 388 (1812), nom. cons.
= Petaloma Raf. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 63 (1862), pro syn.
= Pleuradena Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 182 (1833)
= Poinsettia Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 20: 412 (1836)
= Pythius Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Sclerocyathium Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 14, in clavi, 30 (1933)
= Stenadenium Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 343 (1901)
= Sterigmanthe Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 252 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 100 (1860)
= Synadenium Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 187 (1862)
= Tirucalia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1836)
= Tithymaloides Ludw. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891), orth. var.
= Tithymaloides Ortega; Tabl. Bot. 9 (1773), nom. rej.
= Tithymalopsis Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859)
= Tithymalus Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 115 (1790), nom. cons.
= Tithymalus Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754), nom. rej.
= Tithymalus Ség.; Pl. Veron. 3: 91 (1754), nom. illeg.
= Torfasadis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1838)
= Treisia Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 131 (1812)
= Trichosterigma Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 41 (1860)
= Tumalis Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1836)
= Vallaris Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Ventenatia Tratt.; Gen. Pl. [Trattinnick] 86 (1802)
= Xamesike Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1836)
= Zalitea Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 98 (1836)
= Zygophyllidium Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 714 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia aaron-rossii A.H.Holmgren & N.H.Holmgren; Brittonia 40(4): 357 (1988)
Name: Marble Canyon spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona)
76 USA
species :
Euphorbia abdelkuri Balf.f.; Rep. Brit. Ass. Glasgow 854 (1901), et in W. R. Ogilvie-Grant et al., Nat. Hist. Sokotra 528 (1903)
Distribution: Abd-al-Kuri Isl.
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia abdita (D.G.Burch) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 25(1): 172 (1971)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce abdita D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 177 (1969)
species :
Euphorbia abdulghafooriana Abedin; Fl. Kingdom Saudi Arabia 2(1): 321 (2001 publ. 2001), nom. inval., et Pakistan J. Bot. 37(1): 31 (2005)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia
35 SAU
species :
Euphorbia abortiva Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. CXII, no. 316 (1775)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen: Tihama)
35 YEM
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
species :
Euphorbia abramsiana L.C.Wheeler; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 33: 109 (1934)
Name: Abrams´ sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce abramsiana (L.C.Wheeler) Koutnik; Madroño 32(3): 188 (1985)
= Euphorbia pediculifera var. abramsiana (L.C.Wheeler) Ewan; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 2: 427 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 759 (1791), A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 239
subspecies :
subsp. abyssinica
Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti
24 DJI ERI ETH SUD
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia abyssinica var. erythraeae A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 73 (1907 publ. 1906)
= Euphorbia abyssinica var. tetragona Schweinf.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 1): 319 (1899)
= Euphorbia acrurensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 595 (1912)
= Euphorbia aethiopum Croizat; J. Jap. Bot. 17: 575 (1941)
= Euphorbia controversa N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 588 (1912)
= Euphorbia disclusa N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 592 (1912)
= Euphorbia erythraeae (Berger) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 596 (1912), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia grandis Lem.; Ill. Hort. 4(Misc.): 101 (1857)
= Euphorbia hararensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 632 (1907)
= Euphorbia neglecta N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 593 (1912)
= Euphorbia neutra A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 71 (1907 publ. 1906)
= Euphorbia obovalifolia A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 239 (1850)
= Euphorbia officinarum var. kolquall Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 884 (1799)
= Euphorbia richardiana Baill.; Adansonia 1: 105 (1860 publ. 1861)
species :
Euphorbia acalyphoides Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 98 (1862)
subspecies :
subsp. acalyphoides
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); W-Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert)
20 EGY 24 CHA ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia acalyphoides var. arabica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 98 (1862)
= Euphorbia fodhliana Deflers; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 230 (1896)
= Euphorbia incurva N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 552 (1911)
= Euphorbia thelesperma Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 98 (1862) (pro syn.)
= Tithymalus acalyphoides (Hochst. ex Boiss.) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 38 (1867)
subspecies :
subsp. cicatricosa S.Carter; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 230 (1984)
Distribution: SE-Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
species :
Euphorbia acanthoclada Pahlevani; Phytotaxa 312(1): 84 (2017)
Distribution: Afghanistan
34 AFG
species :
Euphorbia acanthodes Akhani; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 146(1): 108 (2004)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia acanthothamnos Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(4): 86 (1859)
Name: Griechische Dornwolfsmilch (DE); Greek Spiny Spurge (EN)
Distribution: Greece (C- & S-Greece, Ionian Isl., Sporades, Skiros, Kiklades, Limnos, Athos); Crete (widespread); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Dodecanese, Simi, Tilos, Chalki, Rhodos, Kasos, Karpathos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
13 GRC KRI 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus acanthothamnos (Heldr. & Sartori ex Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia accedens Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 456 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia acerensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 55 (1862)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz, Santa Cruz); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Tucuman)
83 BOL 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia longipila Rusby; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 442 (1907)
species :
Euphorbia acervata S.Carter; Kew Bull. 54(4): 962 (1999 publ. 2000)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia acolumella Sarojin. & Raja Kullayisw.; Rheedea 34(4): 216 (2024)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia actinoclada S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3851 (1982)
Distribution: S-Ethiopia; N-Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia aculeata Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 94 (1775)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen)
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia acuta Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 189 (1858), nom. cons.
Name: Pointed sandmat
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce acuta (Engelm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 407 (1916)
= Euphorbia acuta var. stenophylla Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 18 (1862)
= Euphorbia georgei Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989), nom. nov. superfl.
species :
Euphorbia addoensis Marx & van Veldh.; Euphorbia World 15(1): 5 (2019)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia adenensis Deflers; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 34: 67 (1887)
Distribution: Sudan; Somalia; Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen)
24 SOC SOM SUD 35 OMA SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia balsamifera subsp. adenensis (Deflers) P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 29: 390 (1974)
= Tithymalus adenensis (Deflers) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia adenochila S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45: 653-659 (1990)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia adenochlora C.Morren & Decne.; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 3: 174 (1836)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia japonica Zoll. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 137 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia rochebrunei Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 485 (1878)
= Galarhoeus adenochlorus (C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 383 (1935)
= Tithymalus adenochlorus (C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 53 (1954)
species :
Euphorbia adenoplicata O.L.M.Silva & Cordeiro; Syst. Bot. 45: 131 (2020)
Distribution: Brazil (Tocantins)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia adenopoda Baill.; Adansonia 1: 141 (1860 publ. 1861)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mancinella Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 623 (1886)
= Euphorbia phanerophlebias Baker ex Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 58 (1921) (in syn.)
= Euphorbia sapiifolia Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 616 (1886)
species :
Euphorbia adenoptera Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 3: 20, t. 23 (1844)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Jalisco, Mexico State, Nayarit, Sonora, Puebla, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Navassa Isl.; Curacao; ?Guyana; French Guiana; Paraguay (Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Chaco, Cordoba, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe)
79 MEX 81 CUB CUR HIS NAV 82 FRG 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum amoenum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 33 (1860)
= Anisophyllum inaequale Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 27 (1860)
= Anisophyllum lindenianum (A.Rich.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 37 (1860)
= Chamaesyce adenoptera (Bertol.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 714 (1903)
= Chamaesyce amoena (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 392 (1914)
= Chamaesyce inaequalis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 386 (1914)
= Euphorbia amoena Klotzsch; Reis. Br.-Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 1184 (1848), nomen
= Euphorbia anceps Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 162 (1846)
= Euphorbia barkeri Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 67 (1926)
= Euphorbia callitrichoides Schauer; Linnaea 20: 727 (1847), nom. illeg., non Kunth
= Euphorbia lindeniana A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 197 (1850)
species :
Euphorbia adianthoides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 426 (1788)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus adiantoides (Lam.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 413 (1916)
= Leptopus adiantoides (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859) ex B. D. Jacks., Index Kew. 2: 63 (1894)
= Leptopus hartwegii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 46 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia adjurana P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3875 (1982)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia adriatica Stojilk., Záveská & Frajman; Frontiers Pl. Sci. (Online journal) 13: 18 (2022)
Distribution: Slovenia
13 SLV
species :
Euphorbia aeruginosa Schweick.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 205 (1935)
Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo)
27 BOT SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia agatheae Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 4 (2021)
Distribution: S- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia agowensis Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 70 (1862)
Distribution: ?Sudan; Ethiopia; S-Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; S-India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu)
24 ERI ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce wightiana (Hook.f.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 454 (1977) 37(5): 454 (1977)
= Euphorbia effusa Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 71 (1862)
= Euphorbia wightiana Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 248 (1887), nom. illeg., non Boiss. (1860)
= Tithymalus agowensis (Hochst. ex Boiss.) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 38 (1867)
variant :
var. pseudoholstii (Pax) P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 39(3): 650 (1984)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Angola; N-Yemen; India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu)
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN 26 ANG 35 YEM 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pearsonii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1038 (1913)
= Euphorbia pseudoholstii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 287 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia agraria M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 375 (1808)
Name: Urban spurge (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Croatia; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; NE-Greece (far northeast); W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; ?Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, W-Anatolia); Canada [I] (Alberta [I]); USA [I] (Iowa [I], Kansas [I], Massachusetts [I], Minnesota [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Dakota [I], Wyoming [I])
11 ger 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC NMA ROM TUE 14 KRY UKR 32 KAZ 34 TUR 71 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa
Remarks: records from Greece refer to E. euboea fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia agraria var. euboea (Halácsy) Hayek
= Euphorbia agraria var. thyrsiflora (Griseb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 653 (1881)
= Euphorbia agrorum Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 579 (1850)
= Euphorbia euboea Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 107 (1904) (known only from a single collection)
= Euphorbia nitens Trevir.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 149 (1816)
= Euphorbia thyrsiflora Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 143 (1843)
= Euphorbia transsilvanica Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: 124 (1852)
= Tithymalus agrarius (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 89 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia akenocarpa Guss.; Cat. Pl. Hort. Boccadifalco 75 (1821)
Distribution: S-Spain (Cadiz); Gibraltar; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 GIB SAR SPA 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG MOR TUN
Remarks: valerianifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia achanocarpa Guss. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 797 (1826), sphalm.
= Euphorbia sphaerococca Salzm. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 756 (1832)
= Tithymalus acenocarpus (Guss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 79 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia akmanii I.Genç & Kültür; Phytotaxa 265: 280 (2016)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Euphorbia alaica (Prokh.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 57 (1933)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK
Remarks: sect. Chylogala
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus alaicus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 34, in clavi, 57 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia alainii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce montana Alain; Moscosoa 1(1): 25 (1976)
species :
Euphorbia alata Hook.; Icon. Pl., t. 700 (1844)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia alata (Hook.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 87 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia alatavica Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 33 (1860)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia alatavica f. kaschgarica (Regel) Baikov; Turczaninowia 4(4): 51 (2001)
= Euphorbia altaica var. pilosa Stschegl.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 54(5): 194 (1879)
= Euphorbia buchtormensis var. alatavica (Boiss.) Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, prepr. 6: 400 (1879)
= Euphorbia kaschgarica Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, prepr. 6: 401 (1879)
= Galarhoeus alatavicus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 26 (1941)
= Tithymalus alatavicus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 43, in clavi, 95 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia alatocaulis V.W.Steinm. & Felger; Aliso 16(1): 37 (1997)
Distribution: Mexico (Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia albipollinifera L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 51(4): 281 (1985)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia albomarginata Torr. & A.Gray; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 2: 174 (1856)
Name: Whitemargin sandmat
Distribution: Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I]); USA (Arizona, California, Louisiana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
63 haw 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & A.Gray) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 710 (1903)
= Chamaesyce hartwegiana (Boiss.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] ed. 2, 1349 (1913)
= Euphorbia hartwegiana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 31 (1862)
= Euphorbia stipulacea Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 30 (1862) (pro syn.)
species :
Euphorbia albrechtii Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 459 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia alcicornis Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 517 (1887)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia imerina Cremers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 54: 51 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia aleppica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 458 (1753)
Name: Aleppo-Wolfsmilch (DE); Aleppo Spurge (EN)
Distribution: France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (rare C-Greece, Attiki, NE-Peloponnisos); Ukraine; Crimea; ?Morocco; Tunisia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Kasos, Kos, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
12 COR FRA 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS NMA SIC TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 TUN 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula aleppica (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 149 (1869)
= Esula juncoides Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 157 (1812)
= Euphorbia aleppica var. prostrata Kasapligil; J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 170 (1966)
= Euphorbia condensata Fisch. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 322 (1819)
= Euphorbia juncea Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 142 (1789)
= Euphorbia juncoides (Haw.) Sweet; Hort. Suburb. Lond. 108 (1818)
= Euphorbia pinifolia Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow], Suppl. 28 (1814), nomen
= Galarhoeus aleppicus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 151 (1812)
= Galarhoeus junceus (Aiton) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 150 (1812)
= Tithymalus aleppicus (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 84 (1860)
= Tithymalus connata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 92 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia alfredii Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 59(5): 209 (1987)
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Ankarana Mts.)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia allocarpa S.Carter; Kew Bull. 39(3): 644 (1984)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia alluaudii Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 43 (1903)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia alluaudii subsp. oncoclada (Drake) F.Friedmann & Cremers; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 256 (1976)
= Euphorbia leucodendron Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 9: 46 (1903)
= Euphorbia leucodendron subsp. oncoclada (Drake) Rauh & Koutnik; Succ. & Xeroph. Pl. Madagascar 2: 106 (1998)
= Euphorbia oncoclada Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 9: 44 (1903)
= Tirucalia alluaudii (Drake) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 87 (1996)
= Tirucalia alluaudii subsp. oncoclada (Drake) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 87 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia alpina C.A.Mey.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 26 (1830)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia alpina var. rupicola Baikov; Turczaninowia 4(4): 54 (2001)
= Euphorbia cerinthifolia Fisch. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 123 (1862)
= Euphorbia drastica Siev.; Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 7: 236 (1796), nomen
= Euphorbia sibirica Fisch. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 123 (1862)
= Tithymalus alpinus (C.A.Mey.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 70 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia alsinifolia Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 16 (1860)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia alsinoides Miq.; Linnaea 26: 222 (1854)
Distribution: India
40 IND
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia alta Norton; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 108 (1900)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Veracruz, etc.)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus altus (Norton) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 145 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia altaica C.A.Mey.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 26 (1830)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang, N-China)
30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia altaica var. sajanensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 138 (1862)
= Euphorbia ambukensis Stepanov; Florogenet. Anal. Na Primere Sev.-Vost. Chasti Zap. Sayana 1: 83 (1994)
= Euphorbia sajanensis (Boiss.) Baikov; Turczaninowia 4(4): 59 (2001)
= Tithymalus altaicus (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 79 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia altissima Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 52 (1844)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Cyprus (N-Cyprus)
34 CYP IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus altissimus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 80 (1860)
variant :
var. glabrescens Boiss. ex M.S.Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25: 97 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey; Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria
34 LEB SYR TUR
species :
Euphorbia altotibetica Paulsen; S. Tibet [Hedin] 6(3): 56 (1922)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Qinghai); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia przewalskii Prokh.; Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 6, 10: 1370 in obs., 1383 in clavi (1926)
= Galarhoeus altotibeticus (Paulsen) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 26 (1941)
= Tithymalus altotibeticus (Paulsen) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 34, in clavi, 68, in obs. (1933)
= Tithymalus przewalskii (Prokh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia amandi Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989), nom. nov.
Name: J´alpa [Chile]
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Juan); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta)
85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia minuta Phil.; Anales Mus. Nac., Santiago de Chile (1891) 76 (non Loscos & Pardo)
species :
Euphorbia ambacensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1041 (1913)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia ambarivatoensis Rauh & Bard.-Vauc.; Succulentes 22(3): 7 (1999)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ambohimiangarana J.-P.Castillon; Euphorbia World 18(2): 35 (2023)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ambonaivoensis Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 8(2): 34 (2016)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ambovombensis Rauh & Razaf.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 59(6): 251 (1987)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ambatomenahensis Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 2(1): 31 (2010), nom. inval., et Cact. Succ. 5(1): 4 (2013)
= Euphorbia ambovombensis var. ambatomenaensis Rebmann; Succulentes 2003(3): 20 (2003), nom. inval., et Cact. Succ. 2(1): 30 (2010), nom. inval.
species :
Euphorbia ambroseae L.C.Leach; Kirkia 4: 15 (1964)
Distribution: S-Malawi; Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ambroseae var. spinosa L.C.Leach; Kirkia 10(2): 397 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia amicorum S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 73(4): 177 (2001)
Distribution: Djibouti
24 DJI
species :
Euphorbia ammatotricha Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 10 (1860)
Distribution: Mexico (San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce ammatotricha (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia ammophila S.Carter & Dioli; Nordic J. Bot. 23(3): 295 (2005)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia amplexicaulis Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 183 (1851)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce amplexicaulis (Hook.f.) D.G.Burch.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 175 (1969)
species :
Euphorbia ampliphylla Pax; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 6: 186 (1897)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
24 ERI ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia menelikii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 632 (1907)
= Euphorbia sancta Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 632 (1907)
= Euphorbia winkleri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 342 (1901)
species :
Euphorbia amygdaloides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 463 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. amygdaloides
Name: Mandelblättrige Wolfsmilch (DE), Wood Spurge (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Channel Isl.; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece (incl. Athos, Thasos, Kerkyra, NE-Greece); Ukraine; Crimea; Algeria; Tunisia; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); New Zealand [I]
10 GRB ire 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO CIS FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 ALG TUN 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 51 nzl
Remarks: amygdaloides agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Characias amygdaloides (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 260 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Esula amygdaloides (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 154 (1812)
= Esula sylvatica (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 153 (1812)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides f. biennis (Maire) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides f. fissicornis Hayek; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 94: 134 (1917)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides f. ligulata (Chaub.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 84 (1974)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides f. minor (Gaudin) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides f. purpurata (Coss. & Germ.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides f. verticillata Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 14: 158 (1916)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides f. villosa Merino; Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 14: 158 (1916)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides subsp. chaixiana (Timb.-Lagr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 651 (1881)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides var. biennis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 228 (1935)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides var. chaixiana (Timb.-Lagr.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 170 (1862)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides var. ligulata (Chaub.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 170 (1862)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides var. sventenii (Marcet) Losa; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 7: 428 (1947)
= Euphorbia chaixiana Timb.-Lagr.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, Sér. 4, 6: 152 (1856)
= Euphorbia ligulata Chaub.; Ann. Sci. Observ. 4: t. 6 (1830)
= Euphorbia micans Scheele; Linnaea 16: 343 (1843)
= Euphorbia nemoralis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 390 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Euphorbia orjeni Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 32: 97 (1920)
= Euphorbia sanguinea Thore; J. Bot. [Desvaux] 1: 195 (1809)
= Euphorbia sventenii Marcet; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 43: 36 (1945)
= Euphorbia sylvatica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 463 (1753)
= Euphorbia sylvatica subvar. purpurata Coss. & Germ.; Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris, éd. 2: 601 (1861)
= Euphorbia sylvatica var. minor Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 281 (1828)
= Euphorbia turneri Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 428 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Keraselma sylvaticum (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus amygdaloides (L.) Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med. t. 594 (1764), opus utique oppr.
= Tithymalus amygdaloides (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
= Tithymalus sylvaticus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
subspecies :
subsp. robbiae (Turrill) Stace; Watsonia 17(4): 443 (1989)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); European Turkey; NW-Turkey
10 grb ire 13 TUE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae (Turrill) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 30(4): 698 (1975 publ. 1976)
= Euphorbia robbiae Turrill; Bot. Mag. 169: t. 208 (1953)
= Tithymalus robbiae (Turrill) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. semiperfoliata (Viv.) Radcl.-Sm.; Feddes Repert. 79: 65 (1968)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia
12 COR SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia amygdaloides var. semiperfoliata (Viv.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 289 (1901)
= Euphorbia semiperfoliata Viv.; Fl. Cors. Prodr. 7 (1824)
= Tithymalus amygdaloides subsp. semiperfoliatus (Viv.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
= Tithymalus semiperfoliatus (Viv.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 95 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia anacampseros Balansa ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 174 (1862)
Distribution: Bulgaria; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
13 BUL 34 TUR
Remarks: myrsinites agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia anacampseros var. minor Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 174 (1862)
= Euphorbion anacampserum (Balansa ex Boiss.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)
= Tithymalus anacampseros (Balansa ex Boiss.) Klotzsch; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 86 (1860)
variant :
var. tmolae M.S.Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25: 145 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
species :
Euphorbia anachoreta Svent.; Index Sem. (Agron. Investig. Nat. Hispan. Inst.) 58 (1968 publ. 1969)
Distribution: Islas Selvagens (Ilheu de Fora)
21 SEL
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia despoliata (Menezes) Monod; Bol. Mus. Munic. Funchal, Suppl. 1: 34 (1990)
= Euphorbia lamarckii var. despoliata (Menezes) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae
= Euphorbia obtusifolia var. despoliata Menezes; J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Ser. 3, 4: 193 (1924)
= Tirucalia virgata var. despoliata (Menezes) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 94 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia analalavensis Leandri; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 6: 346 (1966)
Distribution: NC-Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.)
29 COM MDG
species :
Euphorbia analamerae Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 77 (1945)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia analavelonensis Rauh & Mangelsdorff; Succulentes 2000(1): 6,3 (2000)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia andrachnoides Schrenk; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 2, 2: 197 (1844)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; NW-China
30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia subcordata var. andrachnoides (Schrenk) Trautv. ex O.Fedtsch. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 6: 309 (1916)
= Galarhoeus andrachnoides (Schrenk) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 63 (1941)
= Tithymalus andrachnoides (Schrenk) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 88 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia angularis Klotzsch; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1859), nomen, et in Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 92 (1861)
Distribution: NE-Mozambique
26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia abyssinica var. mozambicensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 84 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia angulata Jacq.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 2: 309 (1789)
Name: Kanten-Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); ?Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Ukraine
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 12 FRA POR SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR
Remarks: dulcis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia angulata f. nemoralis (Kit.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992)
= Euphorbia dulcis subsp. angulata (Jacq.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 279 (1894)
= Euphorbia dulcis subsp. angulata (Jacq.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 153 (1910)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. angulata (Jacq.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 279 (1901)
= Euphorbia nemoralis Kit.; Linnaea 32: 557 (1864), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus angulatus (Jacq.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia angusta Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 189 (1858)
Name: Blackfoot sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Coahuila)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce angusta (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 711 (1903)
= Euphorbia nealleyi J.M.Coult. & Fisher; Bot. Gaz. 17: 351 (1892)
species :
Euphorbia angustiflora Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 82 (1904)
Distribution: Tanzania; ?Malawi
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia anisopetala (Prokh.) Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 550 (1930)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Iran
32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce anisopetala Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 550 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia ankaranae Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 75 (1945)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ankazobensis Rauh & Hofstätter; Succulentes 2000(3): 6 (2000)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia annamarieae Rauh; Euphorbia J. 7: 21 (1991)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia anthonyi Brandegee; Erythea 7: 7 (1899)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Colima, Sinaloa); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro, Isla Clarion, Isla San Benedicto)
79 MEX RGI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce anthonyi (Brandegee) G.A.Levin; Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 16 [Vasc. Fl. Isla Socorro]: 34 (1989)
= Euphorbia anthonyi var. clarionensis (Brandegee) I.M.Johnst.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 20: 71 (1931)
= Euphorbia clarionensis Brandegee; Erythea 7: 7 (1899)
species :
Euphorbia antilibanotica Mouterde; Nouv. Fl. Liban Syrie 2: 494, t. CCIX, no. 3 (1970)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon)
34 LEB
Remarks: petrophila agg.
species :
Euphorbia antiquorum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 450 (1753)
Distribution: S-China; Tibet; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan; India (widespread); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Langkawi Isl.); Philippines; Java; Society Isl. [I]; Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Takapoto Atoll [I]); Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I])
36 CHI TIB 38 tai 40 BAN IND PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW MLY PHI 61 sci tua 81 vir
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia antiquorum var. polygona Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 2: t. 897 (1843)
= Euphorbia antiquorum var. longa Sarojin.; Euphorbia World 19(1): 20 (2024)
= Euphorbia arborescens Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. (36) (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 468 (1832)
= Euphorbia mayuranathanii Croizat; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 35: t. 3404 (1940)
= Tithymalus antiquorus (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 665 (1794)
species :
Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 1: 292 (1829 publ. 1830), et Flora 15(2. Beibl.): 58 (1832)
Name: Candelilla
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cerifera Alcocer; Anales Inst. Med.-Nac. Mexico 11: 155 (1911)
= Euphorbia occulta Klotzsch; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 277 (1856)
= Tirucalia antisyphilitica (Zucc.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 87 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia antonii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Uruguay
85 URU
Remarks: status doubtful
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lanceolata Larrañaga; Escritos Damaso Antonio Larrañaga 2: 164 (1923), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia antsingiensis (Cremers) Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 52 (2021)
Distribution: W-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia moratii var. antsingiensis Cremers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 54(3-4): 382 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia antso Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 45 (1921)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia anychioides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 12 (1860)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua
79 MEX 80 GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce anychioides (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916))
= Chamaesyce chalicophila (Weath.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce pilosula (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Arthur; Torreya (1911) 11: 260
= Chamaesyce rubida (Greenm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 396 (1914)
= Euphorbia chalicophila Weath.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 426 (1910)
= Euphorbia pilosula Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 39 (1862)
= Euphorbia rubida Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39: 83 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia apatzingana McVaugh; Brittonia 13: 182 (1961)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce apatzingana (McVaugh) McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 211 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia aphylla Brouss. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 501 (1809)
Name: Blattlose Wolfsmilch (DE); Tolda (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia aphylla (Brouss. ex Willd.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5: 87 (1996)
= Tithymalus aphyllus (Brouss. ex Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 82 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia apicata L.C.Wheeler; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 63: 436 (1936)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia apios L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 457 (1753)
Distribution: SE-Italy; Bulgaria; Greece (NE-, C- & S-Greece, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Andros, Limnos); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Samos, Kos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia); Cyprus; Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains)
13 BUL GRC ITA 34 CYP EAI LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: apios agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia anthula Lavrent. & Papan.; Sci. Ann. Fac. Phys. Math. Aristotelian Univ. Thessaloniki 18(1): 120 (1978)
= Euphorbia apios var. lamprocarpa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 126 (1862)
= Euphorbia pubigera Friv. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 126 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbion apium (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)
= Galarhoeus apios (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 149 (1812)
= Tithymalus apios (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 173/3 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia apocynoides Klotzsch; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 99 (1853)
Distribution: Panama
80 PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema apocynoides (Klotzsch) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia appariciana Rizzini; Revista Brasil. Biol. 49(4): 992 (1989 publ. 1990)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia appendiculata P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Euphorbia J. 5: 36 (1988)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia applanata Thulin & Al-Gifri; Nordic J. Bot. 15(2): 193 (1995)
Distribution: S-Yemen
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia aprica Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 616 (1886)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia apurimacensis Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 27: 289 (1946)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Euphorbia arabica Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 33 (1862)
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Kenya; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama)
20 EGY 24 DJI ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN 35 OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum arabicum (Hochst. & Steud. ex T.Anderson) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 34 (1867)
= Chamaesyce arabica (Hochst. & Steud. ex T.Anderson) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 168 (1972)
= Euphorbia arabica var. brevifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 33 (1862)
= Euphorbia propinqua R.Br. ex N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 505 (1911)
= Euphorbia seclusa N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 512 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia arabicoides N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1037 (1913)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia arahaka H.Poiss.; Rech. Fl. Mérid. Madagascar 51 (1912)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arahaka H.Poiss. ex Humbert & Leandri; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 6: 339 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia araucana Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 508 (1895)
Distribution: Chile (Araucanía)
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia arbuscula Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 93 (1884)
Distribution: Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Samha Isl.; Soqotra
24 SOC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arbuscula var. montana Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 410 (1884)
= Tirucalia arbuscula (Balf.f.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 87 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia ardonensis Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 13: 210 (1976)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ardonensis (Galushko) Galushko; Fl. Severn. Kavkaza Vopr. Ist. 3: 56 (1979)
= Tithymalus ardonensis (Galushko) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980), isonym
species :
Euphorbia arenaria Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 57 (1817)
Distribution: Guatemala; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Lara, Merida, Trujillo); Ecuador; Peru
80 GUA 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus arenarius (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859)
= Euphorbia arenaria var. quitensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 56 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia arenarioides Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 297 (1921)
Distribution: Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
species :
Euphorbia argillosa Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 679 (1905)
Distribution: Paraguay (Concepcion)
85 PAR
species :
Euphorbia arguta Banks & Sol.; Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2 [Russell]: 2: 253 (1794)
Distribution: Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Sudan; +East Aegaean Isl. (+Chios, +Kos); Turkey (S-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
20 EGY LBY 24 SUD 34 CYP EAI ISR JOR LEB TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arguta var. dasycarpa Plitmann; Fl. Palaest. [Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan] 2: 459 (1972)
= Euphorbia calendulifolia Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 233 (1813)
= Tithymalus argutus (Banks & Sol.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
= Tithymalus calendulifolius (Delile) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 92 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia arida N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5: 11. 319 (1915)
subspecies :
subsp. arida
Distribution: South Africa (Free State, N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
subspecies :
subsp. camdebooensis Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 31, figs. 1-2 (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia ariensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 57 (1817)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus ariensis (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859)
= Eumecanthus benthamianus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859)
= Eumecanthus physalifolius (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
= Euphorbia ariensis var. villicaulis Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 43: 62 (1907)
= Euphorbia marianoi Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989), nom. nov.
= Euphorbia mazatlamensis Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989), nom. nov. for E. triflora Sessé & Moc.
= Euphorbia physalifolia Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 19 (1860)
= Euphorbia pulchella Sessé & Moc.; Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 1(App.): 81 (1888), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia triflora Sessé & Moc.; Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 1(App.): 81 (1888), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia aristata Schmalh.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 292 t. 17 fig. 13 (1892)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia soongarica subsp. aristata (Schmalh.) Prokh. & Kuzmanov
= Tithymalus aristatus (Schmalh.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 108 (1933), inobs.
= Tithymalus soongaricus subsp. aristatus (Schmalh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia arizonica Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 186 (1858)
Name: Arizona sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce arizonica (Engelm.) Arthur; Torreya 11: 260 (1911)
= Chamaesyce portulana (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Chamaesyce purisimana (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Chamaesyce versicolor (Greene) Norton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 25: 345 (1925)
= Euphorbia collina Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 184 (1911), non Phil. 1857-58
= Euphorbia portulana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 73 (1889)
= Euphorbia purisimana Millsp.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 2: 225 (1889)
= Euphorbia versicolor Greene; Bot. Gaz. 6: 184 (1881)
species :
Euphorbia armourii Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1 (1895) 28 t. 2
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize
79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus armourii (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 413 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia armstrongiana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 47 (1862)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
variant :
var. distans (W.Fitzg.) Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 463 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia distans W.Fitzg.; J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 160 (1918)
species :
Euphorbia arnottiana Endl.; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 184, No. 1564 (1836)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu (south Ko))
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum virgatum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 36 (1860)
= Chamaesyce arnottiana (Endl.) O.Deg., I.Deg. & Croizat; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce hookeri (Steud.) Arthur; Torreya 22: 30 (1922)
= Euphorbia coriariifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 12 (1862)
= Euphorbia hookeri Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 612 (1841), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia arrecta N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 283 (1915) et ex R. E. Fr., Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exped. 1911-1912: 1: 116 (1914)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia arteagae W.R.Buck & Huft; J. Arnold Arbor. 58(3): 343 (1977)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia articulata Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 480 (1775)
Name: Jointed sandmat, Bushy spurge (Bahamas), Bois lait (Lesser Antilles)
Distribution: Bahamas; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Anegada, Guana, Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe (incl. Les Saintes); Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada
81 ABA BAH DOM GDL GRE MAR MTS PUE STE STK STL STM STV VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum lineare (Retz.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 38 (1860)
= Anisophyllum vahlii Willd. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 36 (1860)
= Chamaesyce articulata (Aubl.) Britton; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 574 (1916)
= Chamaesyce linearis (Retz.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Chamaesyce vahlii (Willd. ex Klotzsch & Garcke) P.Wilson; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 395 (1917)
= Euphorbia articulata var. lordatii Stehlé & M.Stehlé; Ann. École Natl. Agric. Montpellier 29: 10 (1854)
= Euphorbia linearis Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 3: 32 (1783)
= Euphorbia linearis var. heterophylla Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 605 (1891)
= Euphorbia vahlii Willd. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 37 (1860)
= Tithymalus linearis (Retz.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia arvalis Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 116 (1853)
subspecies :
subsp. arvalis
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (N-Iran)
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia parvula K.Koch; Linnaea 21: (1848) 731(nom. illeg.)
= Euphorbia ruderalis Scheele; Linnaea 17: 343 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus arvalis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 82 (1860)
= Tithymalus parvulus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 93 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. longistyla (Litard. & Maire) Molero, Rovira & Vicens; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 54(1): 218 (1996)
Distribution: E-Spain; Morocco
12 SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arvalis var. longistyla Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 26: 35 "1930" (1931)
= Euphorbia turolensis Sennen & Pau; Pl. Espagne [Exsicc.] 1909: 845 (1910)
species :
Euphorbia asclepiadea Milne-Redh.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 35: t. 3481 (1951)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia aserbajdzhanica Bordz.; Izv. Kievsk. Bot. Sada 7-8: 19 (1928)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Iran (EC-Iran); Afghanistan (Balkh, Kabul, Parwan); Pakistan (Swat)
32 TKM 33 ARM AZE 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pseudosororia (Prokh.) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 3: 28 (1932), pro syn.
= Tithymalus pseudosororius Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 556 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia asthenacantha S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3865 (1982)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia astrachanica C.A.Mey. ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(1): 156 (1888)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia astrachanica C.A.Mey. ex Claus; Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 8: 254 (nom. inval.)
= Euphorbia astrachanica C.A.Mey. ex Prokh.
= Euphorbia leptocaula var. praecox Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 159 (1862)
= Euphorbia praecox (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch. & Flerow; Fl. Evropeiskoi Ross. 614 (1909)
= Euphorbia tenuifolia M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 372 (1808) non Lam.
= Galarhoeus praecox (Boiss.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 48 (1941)
species :
Euphorbia astyla Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 40 (1862)
Name: Alkali sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce astyla (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia atimovatae Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 7 (2021)
Distribution: S- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia atoto G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 36 (1786)
Distribution: Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl., ´Uvea Isl. and islets [Wallis]); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Moorea); Tuamotu Arch. (Niau, Anaa, Rangiroa, Takaroa, Tikei, Arutua, Ahii, Takapota, Tahanea, Faite, Takume, Taiaro, Makemo, Kaukura); Austral Isl. (Tubuai)
60 WAL 61 AUI SCI TUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum atoto (G.Forst.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 37 (1860)
= Chamaesyce atoto (G.Forst.) Croizat; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia atoto var. minor Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 13 (1862)
= Euphorbia taitensis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 5 (1860)
= Euphorbia taitensis var. stenhymenia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 14 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia atrocarmesina L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 42: 167 (1968)
subspecies :
subsp. atrocarmesina
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
subspecies :
subsp. arborea L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 3(2): 101 (1977)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia atrococca A.Heller; Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 844 (1897)
Distribution: Hawaii (western Kauai)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce atrococca (A.Heller) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce atrococca var. kilaueana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce atrococca var. kokeeana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia atrococca var. kilaueana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 604 (1936)
= Euphorbia atrococca var. kokeeana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 603 (1936)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. pseudoniuensis O.Deg. & Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 43: 475 (1956)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. mohihiensis Sherff; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 576 (1939)
species :
Euphorbia atroflora S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 393 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia atropurpurea Brouss.; Elench. Horti Bot. Monspel. 24 (1805), nomen, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 501
Name: Dunkelpurpurrote Wolfsmilch (DE); Tabaiba majorera (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia atropurpurea var. modesta Svent.; Addit. Fl. Canar. 33 (1960)
= Kanopikon atropurpureum (Brouss. ex Willd.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1836)
= Tithymalus atropurpureus (Brouss. ex Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 80 (1860)
form :
f. lutea Santos; Bot. Macaronés. 16: 32 (1988)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
species :
Euphorbia atrox F.K.Horw. ex S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12: 418 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia attastoma Rizzini; Revista Brasil. Biol. 49(4): 987 (1989 publ. 1990)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
variant :
var. xanthochlora Rizzini; Revista Brasil. Biol. 49(4): 992 (1989 publ. 1990)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia aucheri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 94 (1846)
Distribution: Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Wardak, Parwan); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Chitral)
20 EGY 32 TKM TZK 34 AFG IRN IRQ 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bounophila Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 154 (1862)
= Euphorbia bounophila var. aucheri (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 154 (1862)
= Euphorbia chasmophila Rech.f. & Aellen; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 89: 219 (1951)
= Euphorbia herpetorrhiza Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 145 (1933), pro syn.
= Euphorbia kurdica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1121 (1879)
= Euphorbia litwinowii Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 147 (1933), pro syn.
= Euphorbia monticola Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 93 (1846)
= Euphorbia quinqueradiata Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 134 (1958)
= Tithymalus aucheri (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 93 (1860)
= Tithymalus bounophilus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 147 (1933)
= Tithymalus herpetorrhizus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 145 (1933)
= Tithymalus kurdicus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 147 (1933)
= Tithymalus litwinowii Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 147 (1933)
= Tithymalus monticola (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 87 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia audissoui Marx; Euphorbia World 10(1): 23 (2014)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia aulacosperma Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 117 (1853)
Distribution: Greece (very rare Lefkada, C-Peloponnisos); Northern Caucasus; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
13 GRC 33 NCS 34 IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: sulcata agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia aulacosperma var. fossulata (Boiss. & Gaill.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 140 (1862)
= Euphorbia fossulata Boiss. & Gaill.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 87 (1859)
= Tithymalus aulacospermus (Boiss.) Klotzsch; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 82 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia aureoviridiflora (Rauh) Rauh; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 207 (1992)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia neohumbertii var. aureoviridiflora Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 42: 204 (1970)
species :
Euphorbia australis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 15 (1860)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce australis (Boiss.).D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
= Euphorbia australis var. canescens Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 310 (1927)
= Euphorbia australis var. glabrescens Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 36 (1862)
= Euphorbia australis var. semiglabra Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 310 (1927)
variant :
var. erythrantha (F.Muell.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 48 (1873)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia erythrantha F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 2: 152 (1861)
variant :
var. glabra Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 466 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
variant :
var. hispidula Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 467 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
variant :
var. subtomentosa Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 310 (1927)
Distribution: Australia
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia austroiranica Pahlevani; Pl. Syst. Evol. 303(2): 150 (2016)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia austrotexana Mayfield; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7(2): 634 (2013)
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
variant :
var. carrii Mayfield; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7(2): 636 (2013)
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
species :
Euphorbia avasmontana Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 53: 96 (1928)
Distribution: Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 BOT NAM SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia avasmontana var. sagittaria (Marloth) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 817 (1941)
= Euphorbia hottentota Marloth; S. African J. Sci. 27: 336, 339 (1930)
= Euphorbia kalaharica Marloth; S. African J. Sci. 27: 338, 340 (1930)
= Euphorbia sagittaria Marloth; S. African J. Sci. 27: 337, 339 (1930)
= Euphorbia venenata Marloth; S. African J. Sci. 27: 337, 339 (1930)
= Euphorbia volkmanniae Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 53: 124 (1928)
species :
Euphorbia awashensis M.G.Gilbert; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 76 (1992)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia azorica Hochst.; Fl. Azor. [Seubert] 27 (1844)
Distribution: Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.)
21 AZO
Remarks: pinea agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pinea var. azorica (Hochst.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 146 (1862)
= Tithymalus azoricus (Hochst.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 98 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia baga A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 13: 569 (1933)
Distribution: Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Benin; Nigeria
22 BKN GHA IVO MLI NGA
variant :
var. parvifolia L.E.Newton; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 94(4): 464 (1987)
Distribution: Ghana
22 GHA
species :
Euphorbia bagyrensis Stepanov; Fl. N.E. W. Sayan 128 (2006)
Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)
30 SIB
species :
Euphorbia bahiensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 24 (1862)
Distribution: Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Jamaica; Colombia (Atlántico, Córdoba, Sucre); ?French Guiana; NE-Brazil (Bahia)
80 COS HON PAN 81 JAM 82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum bahiense Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 33 (1860)
= Chamaesyce bahiensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Dugand & D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 344 (1968)
species :
Euphorbia baioensis S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3870 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia balakrishnanii Binojk. & R.Gopalan; Rheedea 8(1): 67 (1998)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce balakrishnanii (Binojk. & R.Gopalan) V.S.Raju; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(1): 91 (2004)
species :
Euphorbia balbisii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 11 (1860)
Distribution: Antigua; Barbuda; Guadeloupe (incl. La Désirade)
81 ABA GDL
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum affine Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 29 (1860)
= Chamaesyce balbisii (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Euphorbia affinis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 12 (1860), pro syn.
= Euphorbia serpens Balb. ex Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 12 (1860), pro syn.
species :
Euphorbia baleensis M.G.Gilbert; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 75 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia ballyana Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 17: 46 (1966)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia ballyi S.Carter; Fl. Pl. Africa 36: t. 1408 (1963)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 137 (1789)
Name: Balsam-Wolfsmilch (DE); Tabaiba dulce (ES)
Distribution: Morocco; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Mauritania; Senegal; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; N-Nigeria; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Chad; Somalia
20 MOR 21 CNY 22 BEN BKN GHA LBR MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CON 24 CHA SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia balsamifera subsp. rogeri (N.E.Br.) Guinea; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 8: 399 (1948)
= Euphorbia balsamifera var. rogeri (N.E.Br.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 450 (1938)
= Euphorbia rogeri N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 551 (1911)
= Tithymalus balsamifer (Aiton) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 140 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia banae Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(1): 3 (1993)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia baradii S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 421 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia barbicollis P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 20: 37 (1965)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia bariensis S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 675 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia barnardii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 2: 804, App. A, 965 (1941)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia barnesii (Millsp.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989)
Distribution: SW-Mexico
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Adenopetalum barnesii Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 377 (1913)
= Eumecanthus barnesii (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 413 (1916)
= Euphorbia ocymoidea var. barnesii (Millsp.) McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 228 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia barrancana Mayfield & V.Steinmann
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
79 MEX
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, possibly ined.?
species :
Euphorbia barrelieri Savi; Bot. Etrusc. 1: 143 (1808)
subspecies :
subsp. barrelieri
Distribution: Italy; Croatia
13 CRO ITA
Remarks: barrelieri agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia baselicis Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 29 (1811-15)
= Tithymalus barrelieri (Savi) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. hercegovina (Beck) Kuzmanov; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 12: 120 (1963)
Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; North Macedonia
13 BIH CRO NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia hercegovina Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 32: 95 (1920)
= Tithymalus barrelieri subsp. hercegovinus (Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia bartolomei Greene; Pittonia 1: 290 (1889)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce bartolomei (Greene) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia basarabica Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 1: 40 (1930)
Distribution: Romania; Moldova
13 ROM 14 MLD
Remarks: status uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus basarabicus (Prodan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia baueri Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 27 (1862)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia baylissii L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 30: 213 (1964)
Distribution: SE-Mozambique
Error
species :
Euphorbia beamanii M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 126 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus beamanii (M.C.Johnst.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia beckii V.W.Steinm.; Phytotaxa 114(1): 24 (2013)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)
83 BOL
Conservation Status: Known only from type
species :
Euphorbia begardii (Cremers) Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488(1): 24 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia primulifolia var. begardii Cremers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 54(3-4): 386 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia beharensis Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 164 (1946), sp. nov. ad int., et Cactus (Paris) 35: 144 (1953)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia beharensis var. adpressifolia Rauh; Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 100: 13 (1999)
= Euphorbia beharensis var. guillemetii (Ursch & Leandri) Rauh; Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 100: 10 (1999)
= Euphorbia beharensis var. truncata Rauh; Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 100: 12 (1999)
= Euphorbia guillemetii Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 168 (1955)
species :
Euphorbia beillei A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 13: 559 (1933)
Distribution: Central African Republic; Chad
23 CAF 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Elaeophorbia beillei (A.Chev.) Jacobsen; Handb. Succ. Pl. [Jacobsen] 1: 391 (1960)
species :
Euphorbia belagaviensis Sarojin. & Raja Kullayisw.; Euphorbia World 14(1): 24 (2018)
Distribution: India (Karnataka)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia belgheisi Pahlevani; Kew Bull. 74(3)-49: 2 (2019)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia bemarahaensis Rauh & Mangelsdorff; Succulentes 1999(1): 12 (1999)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia benthamii Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 943 (1900)
Distribution: Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia
25 TAN 26 ANG ZAM ZIM 27 NAM
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Crotonoides
species :
Euphorbia berevoensis Lawant & Buddens.; Euphorbia World 4(1): 6 (2008)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia nicaisei Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 5(1): 11 (2013)
species :
Euphorbia berorohae Rauh & Hofstätter; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 13(3): 94 (1995)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia berotica N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 600 (1912)
Distribution: SW-Angola; NW-Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Aphyllis, subsect. Africanae
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia berotica (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia berryi V.W.Steinm.; Phytotaxa 545(2): 218 (2022)
Distribution: Brazil (Maranhao)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia bertemariae Bisseret & Dioli; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 77(4): 208 (2005)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia berteroana Balb. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 794 (1826)
Name: Berteron´s sandmat, Tabac a diable batard, Tabac a jacot petit, Ti teigne (Lesser Antilles)
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz); Bahamas; Cuba; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Puerto Rico; St. Barthélémy; Antigua; Barbuda; Guadeloupe; Martinique; Colombia; Venezuela (Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal); Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Potosí, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Paraguay (Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)
77 USA 79 MEX 81 ABA BAH CUB GDL HIS MAR PUE SBA 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum berteroanum (Balb. ex Spreng.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 32 (1860)
= Chamaesyce barberoana Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 186 (1943)
= Chamaesyce berteroana (Balb. ex Spreng.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 303 (1909)
= Chamaesyce microcephala (Boiss.) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 188 (1943)
= Chamaesyce puberula (Fernald) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Euphorbia bicephala Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 3: 20 (1844)
= Euphorbia microcephala Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1262 (1862)
= Euphorbia puberula Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 36: 494 (1901)
= Euphorbia stipitata Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 65 (1900)
species :
Euphorbia berthelotii Bolle ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 109 (1862)
Name: Gomera-Wolfsmilch (DE); Tabaiba de gomera (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Gomera)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lamarckii var. berthelotii (Bolle ex Boiss.) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae
= Tirucalia virgata var. berthelotii (Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 94 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia berythea Boiss. & C.I.Blanche; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 82 (1859)
Distribution: Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel)
34 ISR LEB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus berytheus (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia besseri (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 42 (1862)
Distribution: Chile (locality unknown)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum besseri Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 30 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia betacea Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 623 (1886)
Distribution: Comores
29 COM
species :
Euphorbia betrokana J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Euphorbia World 16(3): 12 (2020), nom. nov.
Distribution: SE-Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Remarks: milii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia milii var. longifolia Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 18: 182 (1967)
species :
Euphorbia betulicortex Gilbert; Kew Bull. 45: 272 (1990)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia beuginii Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 4(2): 45 (2012)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia bevilaniensis Croizat; Natl. Hort. Mag. 96 (1934)
Distribution: SE-Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Remarks: milii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia milii var. bevilaniensis (Croizat) Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 150 (1954 publ. 1955)
= Euphorbia splendens var. bevilaniensis (Croizat) Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 159 (1946)
species :
Euphorbia biaculeata Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 75 (1921)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia bianoensis (Malaisse & Lecron) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium bianoense Malaisse & Lecron; Bull. Séances Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre-Mer 40(3): 400 (1994 publ. 1995)
species :
Euphorbia bicolor Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 233 (1845)
Name: Snow on the prairie
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Dichrophyllum bicolor (Engelm. & A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 249 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 44 (1860)
= Euphorbia bicolor var. concolor Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 233 (1845)
= Lepadena bicolor (Engelm. & A.Gray) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
species :
Euphorbia bicompacta Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Rwanda; Kenya
23 RWA 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium compactum N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 465 (1911)
variant :
var. rubra (S.Carter) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium compactum var. rubrum S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(3): 669 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia biconvexa Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 308 (1927)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce biconvexa (Domin) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
species :
Euphorbia bifida Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 213-214 (1837)
Distribution: China (Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobars); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sulawesi; Philippines; Java (incl. Madura Isl., Kangean Isl.); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Timor, etc.); East Timor; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales); Vanuatu; Palau (Babeldaob, Koror); Northern Marianas (Saipan, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 41 CBD LAO NCB THA VIE 42 JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 VAN 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce bifida (Hook. & Arn.) T.Kuros.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 51(2): 212 (2000 publ. 2001)
= Chamaesyce coudercii (Gagnep.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Chamaesyce harmandii (Gagnep.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce macgillivrayi (Boiss.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
= Chamaesyce micradenia (Boiss.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
= Chamaesyce parannaquensis (Blanco) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 356 (1938)
= Chamaesyce vachellii (Hook. & Arn.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 44 (1954)
= Euphorbia backeri Pax & K.Hoffm.; Blumea 3: 60 (1938)
= Euphorbia coudercii f. glaberrima Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 299 (1921)
= Euphorbia coudercii Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 299 (1921)
= Euphorbia harmandii Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 299 (1921)
= Euphorbia macgillivrayi Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 26 (1862)
= Euphorbia macgillivrayi f. glabrata Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 311 (1927)
= Euphorbia macgillivrayi var. micradenia (Boiss.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 311 (1927)
= Euphorbia macgillivrayi var. pseudoserrulata Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 311 (1927)
= Euphorbia macgillivrayi var. yarrabensis Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 311 (1927)
= Euphorbia micradenia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 77 (1862)
= Euphorbia mitchelliana var. stenophylla Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 47 (1873)
= Euphorbia parannaquensis Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 286 (1845)
= Euphorbia reinwardtiana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 614 (1841)
= Euphorbia serrulata Reinw. ex Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 635 (1826), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia serrulata var. pubescens Warb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 13: 347 (1891)
= Euphorbia vachellii Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 213 (1837)
= Euphorbia vachellii var. pubescens (Warb.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Petalandra euphorbioides F.Muell. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 27 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia bifurcata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 190 (1858)
Name: Forked spurge
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus bifurcatus (Engelm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 413 (1916)
= Euphorbia uniglandulosa S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 476 (1887)
= Euphorbia wootonii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 49 (1989), nom. nov.
= Zygophyllidium delicatulum Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 145 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia biharamulensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(3): 675 (1987)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia bilobata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 190 (1858)
Name: Blackseed spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Zygophyllidium bilobatum (Engelm.) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 227 (1910)
species :
Euphorbia bindloensis (A.Stewart) Ya Yang; Taxon 61(4): 783 (2012)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce bindloensis (A.Stewart) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 176 (1969)
= Euphorbia articulata var. bindloensis A.Stewart; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 1: 91 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia biselegans Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium elegans S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(4): 909 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia bisellenbeckii Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bisellenbeckii f. caulopodia (P.R.O.Bally) S.Carter; Euphorbia World 9(3): 7 (2013)
= Monadenium ellenbeckii f. caulopodium P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 35 (1959)
= Monadenium ellenbeckii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 454 (1911)
= Monadenium zavattarii Chiov.; Missione Biol. Borana 103 (1939)
species :
Euphorbia bisglobosa Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium globosum P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(4): 906 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia bitataensis M.G.Gilbert; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 75 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia biumbellata Poir.; Voy. Barbarie 2: 174 (1789)
Distribution: NE-Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily
12 BAL COR FRA SPA 13 ITA SIC
Remarks: biumbellata agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula biumbellata (Poir.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 156 (1812)
= Euphorbia pouzolzii Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur], ed. 2, 1: 341 (1828)
= Euphorbia vinyalsii Sennen; Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 15(1): 51 (1931), nomen
= Tithymalus biumbellatus (Poir.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 85 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia bivonae Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 610 (1841)
subspecies :
subsp. bivonae
Distribution: W-Sicily; Malta; Greece (Kiklades: one small island SE of Velopoula Isl.); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Mauritania; East Aegaean Isl. (Kastellorhizo Isl.); Sinai peninsula
13 GRC MLT SIC 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN 34 EAI SIN
Remarks: bivonae agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bivonae var. intercedens Pamp.; Piantae Tripol. [Pampanini] 18 (1914)
= Euphorbia bivonae var. melitensis (Parl.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 276 (1901)
= Euphorbia bivonae var. montana Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 332 (1907)
= Euphorbia fruticosa Biv.; Sicul. Pl., Cent. 1: 35 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia melitensis Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 4: 478 (1869)
= Euphorbia spinosa subsp. melitensis (Parl.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 648 (1881)
= Euphorbia spinosa var. bivonae (Steud.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 173 (1926)
= Euphorbia spinosa var. melitensis (Parl.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 173 (1926)
= Euphorbia spinosa var. montana (Lojac.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 173 (1926)
= Tithymalus bivonae (Steud.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
= Tithymalus fruticosus (Biv.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 78 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. tunetana Murb.; Acta Univ. Lund. 35(3): 17 (1899)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt; Madeira; Mauritania
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 MDR 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia tunetana (Murb.) Vierh. ex Buxb.; Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 76: 43 (1926 publ. 1927)
species :
Euphorbia blatteri Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Pakistan (Waziristan)
40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia helioscopioides Blatt.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36: 483 (1933) (non Loscos & Pardo)
species :
Euphorbia blepharadena O.L.M.Silva & Cordeiro; Eur. J. Taxon. 733: 74, figs. 1-2 (2021)
Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia blepharophylla Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 24 (1833)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus blepharophyllus (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 73 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia blodgettii Engelm. ex Hitchc.; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 126 (1893)
Name: Limestone sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida); Bermuda; Mexico (Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Anegada, Tortola)
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA HON 81 BAH BER CAY CUB JAM PUE TCI VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce blodgettii (Engelm. ex Hitchc.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 712 (1903)
= Chamaesyce chiogenes Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 709 (1903)
= Chamaesyce cozumelensis (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 402 (1916)
= Chamaesyce nashii Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 709 (1903)
= Euphorbia batabanensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 390 (1908)
= Euphorbia bermudiana Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 65 (1900)
= Euphorbia chiogenes (Small) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989)
= Euphorbia cozumelensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 61 (1900)
= Euphorbia cozumelensis var. pilosulca Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 62 (1900)
species :
Euphorbia bodenghieniae (Malaisse & Lecron) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium bodenghieniae Malaisse & Lecron; Bull. Séances Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre-Mer 40(3): 402 (1994 publ. 1995)
species :
Euphorbia boerhaavioides Rusby; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 441 (1907)
Distribution: Bolivia (Bolivia)
83 BOL
Conservation Status: Known only from type
species :
Euphorbia boetica Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 36 (1860)
Distribution: S-Portugal; SW-Spain; Gibraltar
12 GIB POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia boetica var. pseudoraromisissima Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 389 (1913)
= Euphorbia carniolica Scop. ex Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 317 (1804), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia trinervia Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 82 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus boeticus (Boiss.) Samp.; Anais Fac. Sci. Porto 17: 46 (1931), nom. superfl.
= Tithymalus trinervius Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 85 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia boinensis Denis ex Humbert & Leandri; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 6: 340 (1966)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia boinensis Denis ex Leandri; Cat. Pl. Madag., Euphorb. 12 (1935) (gallice)
species :
Euphorbia boissieri Baill.; Adansonia 1: 142 (1860 publ. 1861)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia baillonii Boiss. ex Baill.; Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 142 (1861)
= Euphorbia longifolia Baill. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 78 (1862), pro syn.
species :
Euphorbia boiteaui Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 163 (1946)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
variant :
var. ampanihyensis (Cremers) J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Candollea 71(1): 156 (2016)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia decaryi var. ampanihyensis Cremers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 54(3-4): 373 (1984)
variant :
var. spirosticha (Rauh & Buchloh) J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Candollea 71(1): 156 (2016)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia decaryi var. spirosticha Rauh & Buchloh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 59(1): 9 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia boivinii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 77 (1862)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia boivinii var. minor Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 76 (1945)
= Euphorbia boivinii var. oreades Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 76 (1945)
species :
Euphorbia bokorensis H.Toyama & Tagane; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 67(2): 92 (2016)
Distribution: Cambodia
41 CBD
species :
Euphorbia bombensis Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 22 (1760)
Name: Dixie sandmat
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia); Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; ?Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Colombia; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Sucre)
77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA NIC PAN 81 CUB 82 CLM VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce ammannioides (Kunth) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 709 (1903)
= Chamaesyce bombensis (Jacq.) Dugand; Caldasia 10: 190 (1968)
= Chamaesyce ingallsii Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 708 (1903)
= Euphorbia ammannioides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 55 (1817)
= Euphorbia ingallsii (Small) Cory; Rhodora 38: 406 (1936)
= Euphorbia maritima Willd. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 28 (1862)
= Euphorbia poliosperma Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 235 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia bongensis Kotschy & Peyr.; Pl. Tinn. 40, t. 19 (1866)
Distribution: Rwanda; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia
23 RWA 24 SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia djurensis Schweinf. ex Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 119 (1894)
species :
Euphorbia bongolavensis Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(4): 70 (1993)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia boophthona C.A.Gardner; J. Dept. Agric. Western Australia 19: 89 (1942), in obs., et in J. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 27: 181 (1942)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia borbonica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 156 (1862)
Distribution: La Réunion
29 REU
species :
Euphorbia borealis Baikov; Turczaninowia 5(4): 17 (2002)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Primorye)
30 SIB 31 RFE
species :
Euphorbia borenensis M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 42(2): 391 (1987)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia boreobaluchestanica Pahlevani; Phytotaxa 312(1): 84 (2017)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
species :
Euphorbia bosseri Leandri; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 5: 212 (1965), nom. nov.
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bailloni Boiss. ex Baill.; Adansonia 1: 142 (1860 publ. 1861)
= Euphorbia platyclada Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 46 (1970)
= Tirucalia platyclada (Rauh) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia bottae Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 95 (1862)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen, Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen)
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia bottae (Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia bougheyi L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 30: 9 (1964)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia halipedicola L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 36: 42 (1970)
species :
Euphorbia bourgeana J.Gay ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 108 (1862)
Name: Bourgeaus Wolfsmilch (DE); Tabaiba amarilla de Tenerife (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lambiorum Svent.; Addit. Fl. Canar. 1: 27 (1960)
species :
Euphorbia brachycera Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 192 (1859)
Name: Horned spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sinaloa, Sonora)
73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia brachycera f. dichotoma (Daniels) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia brachycera var. robusta (Engelm.) Dorn; Vasc. Pl. Wyoming 296 (1988)
= Euphorbia montana Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 192 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia montana var. gracilior Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 192 (1859), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia montana var. robusta Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 192 (1859)
= Euphorbia montana var. trifaris Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 44 (1899)
= Euphorbia odontadenia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 148 (1862)
= Euphorbia philora (Cockerell) Tidestr.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 41 (1935)
= Euphorbia robusta (Engelm.) Small; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown] 2: 381 (1897)
= Euphorbia robusta var. interioris Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 49 (1899)
= Galarhoeus robustus (Engelm.) Rydb.; Brittonia 1: 93 (1931)
= Tithymalus brachycerus (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] ed. 2, 1349 (1913)
= Tithymalus philorus Cockerell; Muhlenbergia 4: 56 (1908)
= Tithymalus philorus f. dichotomus Daniels; Univ. Missouri Stud., Sci. Ser. 2: 313 (1911)
= Tithymalus robustus (Engelm.) Small; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 2: 475 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia brachyphylla Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 80 (1921)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia bracteata Jacq.; Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 14, t. 276 (1798)
Distribution: Vietnam [I]; Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
41 vie 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Diadenaria articulata Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 108 (1860)
= Diadenaria involucrata Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 107 (1860)
= Diadenaria pavonis Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 108 (1860)
= Pedilanthus articulatus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 6 (1862)
= Pedilanthus bracteatus (Jacq.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 6 (1862)
= Pedilanthus greggii Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 363 (1913)
= Pedilanthus involucratus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 6 (1862)
= Pedilanthus olsson-sefferi Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 363 (1913)
= Pedilanthus pavonis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 6 (1862)
= Pedilanthus rubescens Brandegee; Zoe 5: 209 (1905)
= Pedilanthus spectabilis B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 43: 23 (1907)
= Tithymaloides articulata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymaloides bracteata (Jacq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymaloides involucrata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymaloides pavonis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymalus aztecus Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 703 (1937)
= Tithymalus bracteatus (Jacq.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937), isonym
= Tithymalus bracteatus (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 138 (1812)
= Tithymalus eochlorus Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus greggii (Millsp.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus olsson-sefferi (Millsp.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus spectabilis (B.L.Rob.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus subpavonianus Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 703 (1937)
= Ventenatia bracteata (Jacq.) Tratt.; Gen. Pl. [Trattinnick] 87 (1802)
species :
Euphorbia brakdamensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 324 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia brandegeei Millsp.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 2: 226 (1889)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce brandegeei Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia brassii P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 4(2): 246 (1994), nom. nov.
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia plumerioides var. macrocarpa Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 8: 86 (1980)
species :
Euphorbia braunsii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 326 (1915)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov., Free State)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia marientalii Dinter; Neue Pfl. Südw.-Afr. [Dinter] 31 (1914)
= Euphorbia rangeana Dinter; Neue Pfl. Südw.-Afr. [Dinter] 31 (1914), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia rudis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 322 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia bravoana Svent.; Bol. Inst. Nac. Invest. Agron. 14: No. 30, 33 (1954)
Name: Bravo-Wolfsmilch (DE); Tabaiba de Bravo (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Gomera)
21 CNY
species :
Euphorbia breedlovei V.W.Steinm. & P.Carrillo; Phytotaxa 350(3): 212 (2018)
Distribution: Mexico (Morelos, Chiapas, México Distrito Federal, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia breviarticulata Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 84 (1904)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia grandilobata Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 405 (1932)
variant :
var. trunciformis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(3): 676 (1987)
Distribution: S-Ethiopia; N-Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia brevicornu Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 88 (1909)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya
25 KEN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia euryops Bull.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 492 (1932)
species :
Euphorbia brevis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 570 (1911)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia brevitorta P.R.O.Bally; Fl. Pl. Africa 33: t. 1288 (1959)
Distribution: Kenya (mountains)
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia briquetii Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. (Arch. Sci. Maroc), Fasc. I. 5 (1929)
Distribution: SE-Spain (between Lorca and Puerto de Lumbreras); Morocco
12 SPA 20 MOR
Remarks: biumbellata agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia clavigera Lacaita; Cavanillesia 1: 9 (1928), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia megalatlantica subsp. briquetii (Emb. & Maire) Losa & Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 19: 456 (1960)
= Euphorbia paui Lacaita ex Losa; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 7: 418 (1946)
= Tithymalus briquetii (Emb. & Maire) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia brownii Baill.; Adansonia 6: 290 (1866)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia brunellii Chiov. ex Chiarugi; Webbia 8: 234 (1951)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya
24 ETH SSU 25 KEN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia rubella var. brunellii (Chiov.) P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 22: 262 (1967)
species :
Euphorbia bruntii (Proctor) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989)
Distribution: Cayman Isl.
81 CAY
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce bruntii Proctor; Sloanea 1: 2 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia bruynsii L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 47(1): 103 (1981)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Dactylanthes
species :
Euphorbia bubalina Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 26 (1860)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov., KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia laxiflora Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 286 (1898)
= Euphorbia tugelensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 335 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia buchtormensis Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 26 (1830)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia subamplexicaulis Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 744 (1841)
= Tithymalus buchtormensis (C.A.Mey.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 79 (1860)
= Tithymalus subamplexicaulis (Kar. & Kir.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 69 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia buhsei Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 167 (1862)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, SW-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan); China (Xinjiang)
32 TKM UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia buhsei var. lasiostemon Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 167 (1862)
= Euphorbia kopetdaghensis Korovin ex Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 166 (1933)
= Galarhoeus buhsei (Boiss.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 46 (1941)
= Tithymalus buhsei (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 51, in clavi, 166 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia bulbispina Rauh & Razaf.; Euphorbia J. 7: 31 (1991)
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Windsor Castle Rock, near Antsiranana)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia bungei Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 115 (1862)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Parwan, Zabul)
32 TKM TZK 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus bungei (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 35, in clavi, 62 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia bupleurifolia Jacq.; Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 55. I. 106 (1797)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia proteifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 92 (1862)
= Tithymalus bupleurifolius (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 138 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia bupleuroides Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 387 (1798)
subspecies :
subsp. bupleuroides
Distribution: ?Morocco; Algeria
20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia atlantica Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 18 (1806)
= Euphorbia diversifolia Schrad. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 324 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia elongata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 621 (1812)
= Tithymalus bupleuroides (Desf.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. luteola (Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 363 (1939)
Distribution: SE-Spain (La Sagra); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia luteola Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 150 (1862) non Kralik 1858
species :
Euphorbia buqensis Mazuch, Orlando, Awale, Elmi & Vlk; Euphorbia World 16(3): 57, figs. 1-4, 7-10, 14-16; tt. 1-2 (2020)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia burchellii Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 680 (1873)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins, Goias)
84 BRA
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum. Recently rediscovered
species :
Euphorbia burgeri M.G.Gilbert; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 70 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia burkartii Bacigalupo; Fl. Ilustr. Entre Ríos 4b: 126 (2005)
Distribution: Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios)
85 ARG
species :
Euphorbia burmanica Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 16: (1886) t. 1546
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce burmanica (Hook.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia burmanni E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 75 (1862)
Distribution: SW-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrothamnus bergii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 63 (1859)
= Arthrothamnus burmanni E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 251 (1859), et Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 62 (1860)
= Euphorbia biglandulosa Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 27 (1814), nom. illeg., non Desf. 1808
= Euphorbia burmanni var. karroensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 75 (1862)
= Euphorbia corymbosa N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 279 (1915)
= Euphorbia karroensis (Boiss.) N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 290 (1915)
= Euphorbia macella N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 288 (1915)
= Tirucalia burmannii (E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
= Tirucalia corymbosa (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 89 (1996)
= Tirucalia karooensis (Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
= Tirucalia macella (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia buruana Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 85 (1904)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Euphorbia buschiana Grossh.; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 25: 330 (1940)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus buschianus (Grossh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia bussei Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 286 (1903)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mbaluensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 85 (1904)
variant :
var. kibwezensis (N.E.Br.) Carter; Kew Bull. 42(3): 678 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya; N-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia kibwezensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 586 (1912)
species :
Euphorbia buxoides Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 25(3): 552 (1971)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Euphorbia bwambensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(3): 681 (1987)
Distribution: Uganda
25 UGA
species :
Euphorbia cactus Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 82 (1862)
Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen)
24 ERI ETH SUD 35 OMA SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cactus var. tortirama Rauh & Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 38: 171 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia caducifolia Haines; Indian Forester 40: 154 (1914)
Distribution: Pakistan (Sind, Karachi, Baluchistan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan)
40 IND PAK
species :
Euphorbia caeladenia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 81 (1859)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, EC-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Kabul); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Waziristan)
32 TZK 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia multifurcata Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 89: 217 (1951)
= Euphorbia odontophylla Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 82 (1859)
= Euphorbia stocksiana Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 34 (1860)
= Euphorbia stocksiana var. ovata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 112 (1862)
= Tithymalus caeladenius (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus multifurcatus (Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 174 (1972)
= Tithymalus stocksianus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia caerulescens Haw.; Phil. Mag. 276 (1826)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ledienii A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 80 (1907)
= Euphorbia ledienii var. dregei N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 366 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia calamiformis P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 824 (1985)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia calamiformis (S.Carter) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia calcarata (Schltdl.) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 48 (2003)
Distribution: Vietnam [I]; Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala
41 vie 79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus calcaratus Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 255 (1846)
= Pedilanthus ghiesbreghtianus Baill.; Adansonia 1: 340 (1860 publ. 1861)
= Pedilanthus macradenius Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 19: 263 (1894)
= Pedilanthus purpusii Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 377 (1913)
= Tithymaloides ghiesbreghtiana (Baill.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymalus calcaratus (Schltdl.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus macradenius (Donn.Sm.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus purpusii (Brandegee) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
species :
Euphorbia calcicola Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 36: 496 (1901)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus calcicola (Fernald) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia calderoniae V.W.Steinm.; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 24: 175 (2005)
Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia californica Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 49, t. 238 (1844)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Colima, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Clarion)
79 MEX RGI
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema comonduana (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Euphorbia comonduana Millsp.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 2: 229 (1889)
= Trichosterigma californicum (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 42 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia caloderma S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(4): 189 (2000)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia calyculata Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 59 (1817)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbiodendron calyculatum (Kunth) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
= Tithymalus calyculatus (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 81 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia calyptrata Coss. & Kralik; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 495 (1857)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria); Mauritania
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia calyptrata var. involucrata Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 472 (1857)
= Tithymalus calyptratus (Coss. & Kralik) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia camagueyensis (Millsp.) Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 217 (1924)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce camagueyensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 392 (1914)
= Chamaesyce pinariona (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 11: 12 (1952)
= Euphorbia pinariona Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 234 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia cameronii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 554 (1911) emend. Bally
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia cameronii (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia canariensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 450 (1753)
Name: Kanarenkaktus (DE); Cardon canario (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia canariensis f. viridis G.Kunkel; Monogr. Biol. Canar. 3: 50 (1972)
= Euphorbia canariensis var. spiralis Bolle ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 83 (1862)
= Euphorbia tribuloides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 415 (1788)
= Tithymalus canariensis (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 587 (1882)
= Torfasadis canariensis (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia candelabrum Welw.; Proc. Linn. Soc. London 2: 329 (1855)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia conspicua N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 600 (1912), nom. superfl.
species :
Euphorbia cannellii L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 2(1): 47 (1974)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia canuti Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 4: 462 (1869)
Distribution: SE-France; NW-Italy (Maritime Alps)
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia hyberna subsp. canuti (Parl.) Tutin; Feddes Repert. 79: 55 (1968)
= Euphorbia hyberna var. canuti (Parl.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 279 (1901)
= Tithymalus hybernus subsp. canuti (Parl.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia caperata McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 216 (1993)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia caperonioides R.A.Dyer & P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 6: 245 (1966)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Crotonoides
species :
Euphorbia capillaris Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 298 (1921)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD LAO THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce capillaris (Gagnep.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia capitellata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 188 (1858)
Name: Head sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce capitellata (Engelm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce pycnanthema (Engelm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Chamaesyce rusbyi (Greene) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Euphorbia capitellata var. laxiflora S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 74 (1889)
= Euphorbia geminiloba Millsp.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 2: 228 (1889)
= Euphorbia gladiosa M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 15: 144 (1929)
= Euphorbia pycnanthema Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 188 (1859)
= Euphorbia pycnanthema f. serrata Millsp.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 2: 224 (1889)
= Euphorbia rusbyi Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2(1): 57 (1886)
species :
Euphorbia capitulata Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 873 (1832)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Croatia; Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (Mt. Olimbos, Mt. Grammos, Mt. Chelmos)
11 ger 13 ALB CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Diplocyathium capitulatum (Rchb.) Heinr.Schmidt; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 22(1): 40 (1907)
= Euphorbia soliflora Vis. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 133 (1862)
= Tithymalus capitulatus (Rchb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia capmanambatoensis Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(9): 219 (1995)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia cap-saintemariensis Rauh; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 25: 100 (1970)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia decaryi var. cap-saintemariensis (Rauh) Cremers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 54(3-4): 371 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia capuronii Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 170 (1955), et Bull. Soc. Bot. France 103: 608 (1956)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia caput-aureum Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 73 (1921)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia caput-medusae L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 452 (1753)
Distribution: SW-Namibia; South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Dactylanthes tuberculata (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 133 (1812)
= Euphorbia bolusii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 333 (1915)
= Euphorbia caput-medusae var. geminata Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 136 (1789)
= Euphorbia caput-medusae var. major Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 135 (1789)
= Euphorbia caput-medusae var. minor Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 135 (1789)
= Euphorbia commelini DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 110 (1813)
= Euphorbia confluens Nel; Kakteenkunde 193 (1933)
= Euphorbia fructus-pini Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 10 (1768)
= Euphorbia fructus-pini var. geminata Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 2: 356 (1826)
= Euphorbia geminata (Aiton) Marloth ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 355 (1941), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia macowanii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 334 (1915)
= Euphorbia marlothiana N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 331 (1915)
= Euphorbia medusae Panz.; Vollst. Pflanzensyst. 14: 109 (1788)
= Euphorbia muirii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 331 (1915)
= Euphorbia parvimamma Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 86 (1862)
= Euphorbia ramiglans N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 306 (1915)
= Euphorbia ramiglans var. confluens (Nel) van Veldh.; Euphorbia World 16(1): 30 (2020)
= Euphorbia tessellata (Haw.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 111 (1821)
= Euphorbia tuberculata Jacq.; Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 43, t. 208 (1797)
= Euphorbia tuberculata var. macowanii (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 372 (1941)
= Euphorbia tuberculatoides N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 332 (1915)
= Medusea fructus-pini (Mill.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 134 (1812)
= Medusea major Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 134 (1812)
= Medusea tessellata Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 135 (1812)
= Medusea tuberculata (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 251 (1859)
= Treisia tuberculata (Jacq.) Haw.; Suppl. Pl. Succ. 65 (1819)
species :
Euphorbia careyi F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 11: 64 (1879)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bouleyi S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 45: 212 (1920)
species :
Euphorbia carinifolia N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 524 (1911)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia carinulata P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Euphorbia J. 5: 36 (1988)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia carissoides F.M.Bailey; Queensland Agric. J. 16: 449 (1906)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce carissoides (F.M.Bailey) D.C.Hassall ex P.I.Forst. & R.J.F.Hend.; Novon 5(4): 323 (1995)
= Euphorbia schizolepis var. glabra Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 47 (1873)
species :
Euphorbia carniolica Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 34 (1778)
Name: Kärntner Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Romania; N-Greece (Nomos Xanthis); W-European Russia; Ukraine
11 AUT ger SWI 13 CRO GRC ITA ROM SLV 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ambigua Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 910 (1799)
= Euphorbia angulata var. expansa (Janka) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 128 (1862)
= Euphorbia carniolica f. cordatobracteata Prodan; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 672 (1953)
= Euphorbia carniolica f. elliptica Prodan; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 672 (1953)
= Euphorbia carniolica f. expansa (Janka) Prodan; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 322 (1953)
= Euphorbia carniolica subsp. expansa (Janka) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia carniolica var. ambigua (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia carniolica var. expansa (Janka) Porcius; Enum. Pl. Phan. Naszód. 51 (1878)
= Euphorbia expansa Janka; Linnaea 30: 600 (1859 publ. 1860)
= Euphorbia mehadiensis Kit.; Linnaea 32: 555 (1864)
= Galarhoeus carniolicus (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 148 (1812)
= Tithymalus carniolicus (Jacq.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115, in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 77 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia carpatica Wol.; Spraw. Komis. Fizjogr. 27: 153 (1892)
Distribution: Poland; Hungary; Slovakia; Romania; Ukraine
11 HUN POL SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia carpatica Wolosz. ex Pilát; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 54B: 337 (1935), descr. emend.
= Euphorbia jasiewiczii (Chrtek & Krísa) Dubovik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1975: 114 (1975 publ. 1976) (without basionym page)
= Euphorbia jasiewiczii (Chrtek & Krísa) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 36(2): 216 (1981)
= Tithymalus carpaticus (Wol.) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 40 (1961)
= Tithymalus jasiewiczii Chrtek & Krísa; Novit. Bot. Inst. Horto Bot. Univ. Carol. 1972: 7 (1972 publ. 1973)
species :
Euphorbia carteriana P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 19: 148 (1964)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia carunculata Waterf.; Rhodora 50: 63 (1948)
Name: Sanddune sandmat
Distribution: USA (Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua)
74 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce carunculata (Waterf.) Shinners; Field & Lab. 20: 24 (1952)
species :
Euphorbia carunculifera L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 44: 190 (1970)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia carunculifera subsp. subfastigiata L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 2: 51 (1974)
= Tirucalia carunculifera (L.C.Leach) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
= Tirucalia carunculifera var. fasciata P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996), nom. nov.
species :
Euphorbia cashmeriana Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle], 329, t. 82 (1836)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Qunduz, Samangan, Kunar / Nuristan); Pakistan (Waziristan, Chitral); Nepal; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)
34 AFG 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphdrbia pilosa var. cognata (Klotzsch ex Klotzsch & Garcke) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 261 (1887)
= Euphorbia cognata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 120 (1862)
= Euphorbia consanguinea Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 114 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia cornigera var. cognata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.; Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 266 (2007)
= Euphorbia cornigera var. cognata (Klotzsch) Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.; Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 266 (2007)
= Euphorbia pilosa var. cognata (Boiss.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 261 (1887)
= Tithymalus cognatus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 66 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia cassia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 108 (1853)
subspecies :
subsp. cassia
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)
34 LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus cassia (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 67 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. rigoi (Freyn) Holmboe; Bergens Mus. Skr., n. s. 1(2): 120 (1914)
Distribution: Cyprus (C-Mountains, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus)
34 CYP
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cypria Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 115 (1862)
= Euphorbia rigoi Boiss. ex Freyn; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 987 (1898)
= Euphorbia troodii Post; Mém. Herb. Boissier 18: 100 (1900)
species :
Euphorbia cassythoides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 20 (1860)
Name: Leafless Cuban spurge (Bahamas)
Distribution: Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 BAH CAY CUB HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrothamnus cassythoides (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 306 (1909)
= Tirucalia cassythoides (Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia catamarcensis (Croizat) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 150 (1977)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, San Juan, San Luis)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce catamarcensis Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 187 (1943)
species :
Euphorbia cataractarum S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 379 (1987)
Distribution: W-Tanzania; N-Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia catenata (S.Carter) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: S-Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium catenatum S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(4): 905 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia cattimandoo Elliot ex Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 6: t. 1993 (1853)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia caudiculosa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 154 (1862)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); ?Syria
34 LEB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus caudiculosus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 147 (1933), inobs.
species :
Euphorbia cayensis Millsp.; Torreya 4: 172 (1904)
Name: Bahama spurge
Distribution: Bahamas (San Salvador Isl., Andros Isl., Berrys Isl., Abaco Isl., Grand Bahama Isl.); Anguilla
81 AGU BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce bracei (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 302 (1909)
= Chamaesyce cayensis (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 301 (1909)
= Euphorbia bracei Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 159 (1906)
species :
Euphorbia celastroides Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 11 (1862)
Distribution: Hawaii (Nihoa, Niihau, Kauai)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce celastroides (Boiss.) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: Chamaesyce leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. haupuana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. humbertii (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. kealiana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. nematopoda (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Euphorbia annulata Nutt. ex Sherff; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 33 (1938 publ. 1937), pro syn.
= Euphorbia celastroides var. haupuana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 594 (1936)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. humbertii Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 596 (1936)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. kealiana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 597 (1936)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. nematopoda Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 597 (1936)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. celastroides A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 202 (1867)
variant :
var. amplectens Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 598 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Kahoolawe Isl., Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce celastroides f. kahanana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. amplectens (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. halawana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. ingrata (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. kohalana (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. saxicola (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. waikoluensis (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce multiformis var manoana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Euphorbia celastroides f. kahanana Sherff
= Euphorbia celastroides var. arenisaxosa H.St.John; Phytologia 63(6): 466 (1987)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. halawana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 596 (1936)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. ingrata O.Deg. & Sherff; Bot. Leafl. 9: 7 (1954)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. kohalana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 595 (1936)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. saxicola O.Deg. & Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 596 (1936)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. waikoluensis Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 594 (1936)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. manoana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 591 (1936)
variant :
var. hanapepensis Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 597 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. hanapepensis (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. nelsonii (H.St.John) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40: 391 (1978)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. limahuliensis H.St.John; Phytologia 64(6): 487 (1988)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. nelsonii H.St.John; Pacific Sci. 30(1): 15 (1976)
= Euphorbia rivularis A.Heller; Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 846 (1897)
variant :
var. kaenana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 594 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. niuensis (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. niuensis Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 598 (1936)
variant :
var. laehiensis O.Deg., I.Deg. & Sherff; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 23: 122 (1964)
Distribution: Hawaii (Lanai, East Maui)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. laehiensis (O.Deg., I.Deg. & Sherff) Koutnik; Brittonia 37: 398 (1985)
variant :
var. lorifolia (A.Gray ex H.Mann) Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 597 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Lanai, Maui)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Vulnerable
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. lorifolia (A.Gray ex H.Mann) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. mauiensis (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. odonatoides (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce lorifolia (A.Gray ex H.Mann) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: Chamaesyce leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. mauiensis Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 601 (1936)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. odonatoides O.Deg. & Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 38: 55 (1951)
= Euphorbia lorifolia (A.Gray ex H.Mann) Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 395 (1888)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. lorifolia A.Gray ex H.Mann; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 202 (1866 publ. 1867)
variant :
var. stokesii (C.N.Forbes) Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 593 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Niihau, Kauai, Molokai, Kahoolawe)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. moomomiana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. stokesii (C.N.Forbes) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. moomomiana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 593 (1936)
= Euphorbia stokesii C.N.Forbes; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 5: No. 3, 26 (1913)
variant :
var. tomentella (Boiss.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989)
Distribution: +Hawaii (+Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Extinct
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce celastroides var. tomentella (Boiss.) Koutnik; Brittonia 37(4): 397 (1985)
= Chamaesyce multiformis var. kaalana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce multiformis var. perdita (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce multiformis var. tomentella (Boiss.) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. kaalana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 590 (1936)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. perdita Sherff; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 53 (1937)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. tomentella Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 12 (1862)
= Euphorbia oahuensis Skottsb.; Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 122 (1935 publ. 1936)
species :
Euphorbia celata R.A.Dyer; Bothalia 11(3): 278 (1974)
Distribution: S-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Pseudeuphorbium
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia miscella L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 50(3): 341 (1984)
= Euphorbia namuskluftensis L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 49(3): 189 (1983)
species :
Euphorbia celerieri (Emb.) Emb. ex Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 6: 143 (1953)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Remarks: segetalis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pinea subsp. celerieri Emb.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 11: 182 (1931)
= Euphorbia segetalis subsp. celerieri (Emb.) Emb. & Maire
= Tithymalus celerieri (Emb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia centralis B.G.Thomson; Nuytsia 8(3): 353 (1992)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce centralis (B.G.Thomson) P.I.Forst. & R.J.F.Hend.; Novon 5(4): 323 (1995)
species :
Euphorbia centunculoides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 51 (1817)
Distribution: Bahamas; Cuba
81 BAH CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum centunculoides (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 38 (1860)
= Chamaesyce centunculoides (Kunth) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce insulisalis Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 395 (1914)
= Chamaesyce pachypoda (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 11: 12 (1952)
= Euphorbia pachypoda Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 216 (1924)
species :
Euphorbia ceratocarpa Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 268 (1815)
Distribution: S-Italy; Sicily
13 ITA SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia muscosa Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 269 (1815), pro syn.
= Tithymalus ceratocarpus (Ten.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia cereiformis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 451 (1753)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.?)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia leviana Croizat; Euphorb. Antiq. 102 (1934)
= Euphorbia odontophylla Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow], Suppl. 28 (1814), non Boiss.
= Euphorbia polygonata G.Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 14: t. 1344 (1828), nom. subnud.
species :
Euphorbia ceroderma I.M.Johnst.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 12: 1066 (1924)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia cerralvensis Maya-Lastra & V.W.Steinm.; Phytotaxa 221(3): 271 (2015)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia cervicornu Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 878 (1890)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; São Tomé; Congo [Brazzaville]
22 NGA 23 CMN CON SAO
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia calabarica Burkill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1901: 133 (1901)
= Euphorbia quintasii Pax; Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: 156 (1892)
= Euphorbia zenkeri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 536 (1897)
species :
Euphorbia cespitosa Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 421 (1788)
Distribution: Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Florida Prov., Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano); Argentina (Buenos Aires)
85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cespitosa subsp. ventanicola Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 179 (1943)
= Euphorbia cespitosa var. angustifolia Hauman; Fac. Filos. Letras Buenos Aires, Publ. Inst. Inves 10: 32 (1925)
= Euphorbia cespitosa var. ventanicola (Croizat) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 209 (1977)
= Tithymalus cespitosus (Lam.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia chaborasia Gomb.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 102: 339 (1956)
Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira)
34 IRQ LEB SYR
Remarks: petrophila agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mesopotamica M.L.S.Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 24: 233 (1963)
= Tithymalus chaborasius (Gomb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus mesopotamicus (M.L.S.Khan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia chaculana Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 27: 441 (1899)
Distribution: Honduras
80 HON
species :
Euphorbia chaetocalyx (Boiss. ex Wooton & Standl.) Tidestr.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 40 (1935)
Name: Bristlecup sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas); Mexico (Coahuila)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce chaetocalyx (Boiss.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 144 (1913)
= Chamaesyce fendleri var. chaetocalyx (Boiss.) Shinners; Field & Lab. 17: 70 (1949)
= Euphorbia fendleri var. chaetocalyx Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 39 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia chamaecaula Weath.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 426 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce chamaecaula (Weath.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia chamaeclada Ule; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 224 (1908)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia chamaepeplus Boiss. & Gaill.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 88 (1859)
Distribution: Egypt (Eastern Desert); Iraq (NE-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Kuwait
20 EGY 34 IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR 35 KUW SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia chamaepeplus var. angustifolia Danin; Bocconea 3: 104 (1992)
= Euphorbia chamaepeplus var. sinaica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 142 (1862)
= Euphorbia sinaica Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 142 (1862)
= Tithymalus chamaepeplus (Boiss. & Gaill.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia chamaerrhodos Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 3 (1860)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Concepcion, Misiones, Paraguari)
84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum nanum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 32 (1860)
= Chamaesyce chamaerrhodos (Boiss.) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 184 (1943)
= Chamaesyce nana (Klotzsch & Garcke) M.P.Simmons & W.J.Hayden; Brittonia 49(2): 166 (1997)
= Euphorbia chamaerrhodos var. hirsuta Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 681 (1905)
= Euphorbia nana Klotzsch ex Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 8 (1860), pro syn.
species :
Euphorbia chamaesula Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 38 (1860)
Name: Mountain spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce mathewsii Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 797 (1933)
= Euphorbia chamaesula var. subdentata (Engelm.) Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 47 (1899)
= Euphorbia esuliformis var. subdentata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 192 (1859)
= Tithymalus chamaesula (Boiss.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 145 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia chamaesyce L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 455 (1753)
Name: Graue Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE); Chirriguela cana (ES); Prostrate Spurge (EN)
Distribution: Netherlands [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread incl. many islands); Crete; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago); Botswana [I]; South Africa [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kalimnos, Kos, Simi, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Iran (N-Iran, W-Iraq: Desert); Afghanistan (Balkh, Herat, Kabul); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram); Peru [I]
11 aut ger net swi 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PTL ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY CVI 27 bot saf swz 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU 40 PAK 83 per
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum chamaesyce (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 160 (1812)
= Anisophyllum vaticanum Gand.; Fl. Eur. [Gandoger] 20: 143 (1890), opus utique oppr.
= Chamaesyce canescens (L.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 15, in clavi, 19 (1933)
= Chamaesyce canescens subsp. glabra (Roep.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce chamaesyce (L.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 283 (1954), nom. inval.
= Chamaesyce libassii (Lojac.) Giardina & Raimondo; Bocconea 20: 11 (2007)
= Chamaesyce vulgaris Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 8 (1941), nom. nov.
= Ditrita rotundifolia Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 115 (1838)
= Euphorbia canescens L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 652 (1762)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce subf. integrifolia (Thell.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 145 (1924)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce f. glabra (Roep.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 145 (1924)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce subsp. canescens (L.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 312 (1844)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce subsp. canescens (L.) Holmboe; Stud. Veg. Cyprus 119 (1914), isonym
= Euphorbia chamaesyce var. canescens (L.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 35 (1862), isonym
= Euphorbia chamaesyce var. canescens (L.) Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 324 (1809)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce var. glabra C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 196 (1833), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia chamaesyce var. glabra Roep.; Enum. Euphorb. Germ. Pannon. 38 (1824)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce var. glabriuscula Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 489 (1877)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce var. integrifolia Thell.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7(9): 759 (1907)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce var. pilosa C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 196 (1833), non Roep.
= Euphorbia libassii Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 329 (1907)
= Euphorbia perforata Tineo ex Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 329 (1907), pro syn.
= Euphorbia pinnulosa Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 329 (1907)
= Euphorbia prostrata Burch. ex Hemsl.; Rep. Voy. Challenger, Bot. 1(2): 82 (1884), pro syn.
= Euphorbia reichenbachiana Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 330 (1907), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia vaticana Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur. 417 (1910)
= Tithymalus chamaesyce (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 666 (1794)
= Tithymalus nummularius Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 101 (1779)
= Xamesike palestina Raf.; Autik. Bot. 97 (1840)
= Xamesike vulgaris Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Xamesike xamobala Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1836)
variant :
var. massiliensis (DC.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 265 (1936)
Name: Marseiller Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Spain; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; ?Tunisia; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; etc.
11 ger 12 SAR SPA 13 BUL CRO GRC ITA ROM SIC 14 KRY UKR 20 MOR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce canescens subsp. massiliensis (DC.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce massiliensis (DC.) Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 11: 299 (1974)
= Chamaesyce vulgaris subsp. massiliensis (DC.) Benedí & J.J.Orell; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 46 (1992), et 22: 151 (1993)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce subsp. massiliensis (DC.) Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 457 (1917)
= Euphorbia massiliensis DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 357 (1815)
= Euphorbia massiliensis var. villosa DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 357 (1815)
species :
Euphorbia chamaesycoides B.Nord.; Dinteria 11: 20 (1974)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce chamaesycoides (B.Nord.) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia chamanbidensis Nasseh; Nordic J. Bot. 36(5)-e01413: 27 (2018)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia chamissonis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 14 (1862)
Distribution: Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Java [I]; New Caledonia (widespread); Fiji; American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, ´Upolu, Savai´i); Tuvalu (Nui Atoll); Gilbert Isl. (Butaritari, Tarawa, Tabiteuea, Onotoa, Beru); Nauru; Tuamotu Arch. (Makatea Isl.); Palau (Kayangel, Babeldaob, Urukthapel, Ngeanges, Angaur, Sonsorol, Pulu Anna); Northern Marianas (Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Ulithi, Woleai, Ifalik, Satawal, Puluwat, Namonuito, Nomwin, Fefan, Fanano, Shiki Isl., Nama, Lukunor, Satawan, Kapingamarangi, Pohnpei, Pingelap); Marshall Isl. (Enewetok, Bikini, Utirik, Ujelang, Ujae, Wotho, Lae, Kwajalein, Ailuk, Likiep, Aur, Ailinglapalap, Arno, Majuro, Jaluit)
38 JAP NNS 42 jaw 60 ASA FIJ GIL NRU NWC SAM TUV 61 TUA 62 GUM MIC MRN MRS PLU
Remarks: see also E. atoto and E. pallens which are often confused
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum chamissonis Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 22 (1860)
= Chamaesyce chamissonis (Klotzsch & Garcke) F.C.Ho; Trop. Pl. Taiwan Colour 3: 28, 355 (1982)
species :
Euphorbia chapmanii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989), nom. nov.
Name: Chapman´s spurge
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia nudicaulis Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 402 (1825), non Perr.
species :
Euphorbia characias L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 463 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. characias
Name: Palisaden-Wolfsmilch (DE); Mediterranean Spurge (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (SE-Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Monaco; Andorra; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (scattered to rare); Crete; Morocco; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Chalki, Rhodos, Karpathos); USA [I] (California [I]); Argentina [I]
10 grb ire 11 ger 12 ADO BAL COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA SIC sma SRB TUE 20 LBY MOR 34 EAI 76 usa 85 arg
Remarks: characias agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Characias purpurea (Lam.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 259 (1821)
= Esula characias (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 153 (1812)
= Euphorbia characias f. maritima P.Monts.; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 3: 413 (1951), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia characias proles eriocarpa (Bertol.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 158 (1910)
= Euphorbia characias subsp. veneta (Willd.) Litard.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(2): 99 (1936)
= Euphorbia characias var. eriocarpa (Bertol.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 651 (1881)
= Euphorbia characias var. lusitanica O.Bolòs; Mem. Soc. Brot. 21: 325 (1971)
= Euphorbia characias var. veneta (Willd.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 289 (1901)
= Euphorbia cretica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 28 (1768)
= Euphorbia cuatrecasasii Pau; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona 12: 353 (1929)
= Euphorbia eriocarpa Bertol.; Comment. Itin. Neapol. 22 (1837)
= Euphorbia rubens Chaix; Pl. Vapinc. 44 (1785)
= Euphorbia veneta Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 2: 507 (1809)
= Galarhoeus creticus (Mill.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 149 (1812)
= Tithymalus characias (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
= Tithymalus purpureus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 98 (1779)
= Tithymalus serotina Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
= Tithymalus venetus (Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 95 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. wulfenii (Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch) Radcl.-Sm.; Feddes Repert. 79(1-2): 55 (1968)
Name: Wulfen-Wolfsmilch
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (widespread lowlands, incl. some islands); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); New Zealand [I]
13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SIC SLV SRB TUE 34 TUR 51 nzl
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia characias var. melapetala (Gasp. ex Guss.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 289 (1901)
= Euphorbia lycia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 172 (1862)
= Euphorbia melapetala Gasp. ex Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr., Suppl. 152 (1830)
= Euphorbia melapetala var. leiocarpa Guss. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 172 (1862)
= Euphorbia messeniaca Heldr. ex Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 104 (1904), pro syn.
= Euphorbia sibthorpii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 39 (1860)
= Euphorbia wulfenii Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 628 (1837)
= Tithymalus melapetalus (Gasp. ex Guss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 81 (1860)
= Tithymalus sibthorpii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
= Tithymalus wulfenii (Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia charleswilsoniana V.Vlk; Kaktusy (Brno) 33(2): 47 (1997), nom. nov.
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia wilsonii V.Vlk; Kaktusy (Brno) 33(1): 23 (1997), homonym, non Correll (1980)
species :
Euphorbia cheiradenia Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 112 (1853)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
34 IRN IRQ JOR SYR TUR
Remarks: petrophila agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bothriosperma Boiss. & Kotschy; Cent. Euphorb. 36 (1860)
= Euphorbia elwendica Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 45 (1886) (ellwendica)
= Euphorbia schizadenia Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 113 (1853)
= Tithymalus cheiradenius (Boiss. & Hohen.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 98 (1860)
= Tithymalus elwendicus (Stapf) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia cheirolepis Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Karelin; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3(2): 558 (1850)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran); Afghanistan (Faryab); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum cheirolepis (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Karelin) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 21 (1860)
= Cystidospermum cheirolepis (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Karelin) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 26 (1933)
= Dematra cheirolepis (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Karelin) J.Sojak; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Euphorbia cheirolepis var. heterophylla Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 70 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia chenopodifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1264 (1866)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
species :
Euphorbia chersonesa Huft; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71(4): 1023 (1984 publ. 1985)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia chevalieri (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 CAF ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium chevalieri N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1035 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia chiribensis V.W.Steinm. & Felger; Aliso 16: 52 (1997)
Distribution: Mexico (Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia christophei Rebmann; Bull. Obregonia 2023: 25 (2023)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia chrysophylla (Klotzsch & Boiss.) Klotzsch ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 194 (1862)
Distribution: Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia collina var. chrysophylla (Klotzsch & Garcke) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 215 (1977)
= Tithymalus chrysophyllus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 72 (1860)
= Tithymalus collinus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 93 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia cinerascens Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 186 (1858)
Name: Ashy sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce cinerascens (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 710 (1903)
= Euphorbia melanadenia var. subinappendiculata Engelm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 172 (1861)
species :
Euphorbia cinerea W.Fitzg.; J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 161 (1918)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia citrina S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45(2): 331 (1990)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZIM
species :
Euphorbia clandestina Jacq.; Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 43, t. 484 (1804)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
species :
Euphorbia clarae (Malaisse & Lecron) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium clarae Malaisse & Lecron; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 59(3-4): 478 (1989)
species :
Euphorbia clarkeana Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 253 (1887)
Distribution: Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Lahore, Jhelum, Baltistan); India (Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh); Maldives
40 IND MDV PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce clarkeana (Hook.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Euphorbia heyneana var. scindica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 36 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia classenii P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 29(3): 507 (1974)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia clava Jacq.; Icon. Pl. Rar. [Jacquin] 1: 9, t. 85 (1784)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia canaliculata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 417 (1788)
= Euphorbia clavata Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 389 (1796)
= Euphorbia coronata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 86 (1800)
= Treisia clava (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 131 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia clavarioides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 25 (1860)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia basutica Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 408 (1910)
= Euphorbia clavarioides var. truncata (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 309 (1941)
= Euphorbia truncata N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 309 (1915), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia clavidigitata Gage; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 239 (1914)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Euphorbia clavigera N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 362 (1915)
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (E-Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia persistens R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 18: t. 713 (1938)
= Euphorbia umfoloziensis Peckover; Aloe 28(2): 37 (1991)
species :
Euphorbia claytonioides Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 533 (1897)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: sect. Tenellae
species :
Euphorbia clementei Bourg. ex Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 82 (1838)
subspecies :
subsp. clementei
Distribution: S-Portugal; S-Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 POR SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Remarks: clementei agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia atlantica Coss. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 130 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia atlantica var. leiocarpa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 130 (1862)
= Euphorbia atlantica var. major Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 130 (1862)
= Euphorbia atlantis f. major (Boiss.) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 2: 69 (1953), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia atlantis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 215 (1941)
= Euphorbia atlantis var. leiocarpa (Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992)
= Euphorbia atlantis var. major (Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992)
= Euphorbia clementei f. angustifolia Lange; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 260 (1893), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia clementei f. hozmariensis Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 383 (1924)
= Euphorbia clementei f. maroccana (Maire) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 2: 67 (1953)
= Euphorbia clementei var. angustifolia Lange; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 260 (1893)
= Euphorbia clementei var. maroccana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 228 (1935)
= Euphorbia rupicola var. clementei (Boiss.) Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 68 (1922)
= Euphorbia squamigera subsp. clementei (Boiss.) Losa & Vindt; Arch. Inst. Aclim. Cons. Super. Invest. Ci. 13: 105 (1968)
= Euphorbia tetuanensis Pau; Monde Pl. 30: No. 181, 1 (1929)
= Tithymalus atlantis (Maire) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
= Tithymalus clementei (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 76 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. faurei (Maire) Vicens, Molero & C.Blanché; Candollea 51(1): 66 (1996)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia squamigera var. faurei Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 215 (1932)
subspecies :
subsp. villosa (Faure & Maire) Vicens, Molero & C.Blanché; Candollea 51(1): 67 (1996)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia atlantica var. villosa Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 202 (1929)
= Euphorbia atlantis var. villosa (Faure & Maire) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 2: 69 (1953)
= Euphorbia clementei var. villifolia Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 229 (1935)
species :
Euphorbia clivicola R.A.Dyer; Bothalia 6: 221 (1951)
subspecies :
subsp. clivicola
Distribution: S-Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
subspecies :
subsp. calcritica Bruyns; Phytotaxa 436(3): 207 (2020)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia clusiifolia Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 95 (1832)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum nodosum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 22 (1860)
= Chamaesyce clusiifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Arthur; Torreya 22: 30 (1922)
= Chamaesyce forbesii (Sherff) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia forbesii Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 582 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia coalcomanensis (Croizat) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 48 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan, Nayarit)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus coalcomanensis Croizat; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 33: 19 (1943)
species :
Euphorbia coccinea B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 228 (1821)
Distribution: NW-India (Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce coccinea (B.Heyne ex Roth) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia coerulans Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 739 (1898)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia coghlanii F.M.Bailey; Bot. Bull. Dept. Agric. Queensland 13: 12 (1896)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce coghlanii (F.M.Bailey) D.C.Hassall ex P.I.Forst. & R.J.F.Hend.; Novon 5(4): 323 (1995)
species :
Euphorbia collenetteae Al-Zahrani & El Karemy; Edinburgh J. Bot. 64(2): 131 (2007)
Distribution: Sudan; Eritrea; Saudi Arabia
24 ERI SUD 35 SAU
species :
Euphorbia colletioides Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 163 (1846)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema colletioides (Benth.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Aklema ligustrina (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Aklema plicata (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 417 (1916)
= Euphorbia junciformis Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 122 (1894) (inciformis)
= Euphorbia ligustrina Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 21 (1860)
= Euphorbia padifolia Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 54 (1914) non (L.) Guss.
= Euphorbia plicata S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 438 (1886), et 22: 450 (1887)
= Euphorbia recta Klotzsch; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 277 (1856)
species :
Euphorbia colliculina A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 401 2: App. A, 963 (1941)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia colligata V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 48 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus connatus Dressler & Sacamano; Acta Bot. Mex. 18: 21 (1992)
species :
Euphorbia collina Phil.; Linnaea 29: 41 (1857 publ. 1858)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chubut, Cordoba, La Pampa, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis); Chile (Coquimbo, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Magallanes)
84 BRA 85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia portulacoides subsp. collina (Phil.) Croizat; Darwiniana 6: 188 (1943)
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. collina (Phil.) Croizat; Darwiniana 6: 188 (1943)
= Tithymalus collinus (Phil.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 93 (1860)
= Tithymalus collinus (Phil.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980), isonym
variant :
var. andina (Phil.) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 214 (1977)
Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, Neuquén, Santa Cruz); Chile (Maule, Araucanía, Magallanes)
85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia andina Phil.; Linnaea 29: 41 (1857)
= Euphorbia dasyclada Dusén; Rep. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, Botany 8: Suppl. 169 (1914)
variant :
var. glaucescens (Chodat & Wilczek) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 217 (1977)
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, San Juan)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. glaucescens Chodat & Wilczek; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 532 (1906)
variant :
var. minor (Hicken) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 218 (1977)
Distribution: Argentina (Mendoza, Neuquén, Santa Cruz); Chile (Magallanes)
85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. minor Hicken; Darwiniana 1: 57 (1922)
variant :
var. nahuelhuapina (Croizat) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 219 (1977)
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia portulacoides subsp. nahuelhuapina Croizat; Darwiniana 6: 189 (1943)
variant :
var. patagonica (Hieron.) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 219 (1977)
Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, San Juan, Tierra del Fuego)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia patagonica Hieron.; Bol. Acad. Ci. (Córdoba) 3: 337 (1879)
variant :
var. spathulata (Chodat & Wilcz.) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 220 (1977)
Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro); Chile (Aisén)
85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. spathulata Chodat & Wilczek; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 532 (1906)
species :
Euphorbia colorata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 190 (1858)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Poinsettia colorata (Engelm.) Dressler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 336 (1962)
species :
Euphorbia colubrina P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3868 (1982)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia columnaris P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 19: 151 (1964)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia commersonii Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 623 (1886)
Distribution: SE-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia elliotii Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 74 (1945)
species :
Euphorbia commutata Engelm. ex A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 2: 389 (1856)
Name: Tinted woodland spurge
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia austrina (Small) Jabl.; Phytologia 28: 127 (1974), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia commutata var. erecta Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 35 (1899)
= Euphorbia ohiotica Steud. & Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 142 (1862)
= Galarhoeus austrinus (Small) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 801 (1933)
= Galarhoeus commutatus (Engelm. ex A.Gray) Small ex Rydb.; Fl. Plains N. Amer. 520 (1932)
= Galarhoeus commutatus var. erectus (Norton) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 801 (1933)
= Tithymalus austrinus Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 720 (1903)
= Tithymalus commutatus (Engelm. ex A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 82 (1860)
= Tithymalus commutatus var. erectus (Norton) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 720 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia comosa Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 202 5: t. 15 (1825 publ. 1829)
Distribution: Colombia (Magdalena); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Falcon, Guarico, Merida, Sucre, Trujillo, Zulia); ?Surinam; NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro)
82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lupulina Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 23 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia complanata Warb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 196 (1894)
Distribution: New Guinea [I]
42 nwg
species :
Euphorbia compressa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 41 (1862)
Distribution: Venezuela (Aragua, Guarico)
82 VEN
species :
Euphorbia concanensis Janarth. & S.R.Yadav; Rheedea 5(2): 148 (1995)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra, Goa)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce concanensis (Janarth. & S.R.Yadav) V.S.Raju; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(1): 91 (2004), isonym
= Chamaesyce concanensis (Janarth. & S.R.Yadav) S.R.Dutta & M.R.Almeida; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 100(2-3): 580 (2003)
species :
Euphorbia condylocarpa M.B.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 377 (1808)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Remarks: apios agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia amplexicaulis Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 567 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia cardiophylla Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 107 (1853)
= Tithymalus amplexicaulis Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 80 (1860)
= Tithymalus cardiophyllus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 78 (1860)
= Tithymalus condylocarpus (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 78 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia conferta (Small) B.E.Sm.; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 62: 82 (1946)
Name: Everglade Key sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce conferta Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 713 (1903)
= Euphorbia conferta (Small) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989), isonym
species :
Euphorbia confinalis R.A.Dyer; Bothalia 6: 222 (1951)
subspecies :
subsp. confinalis
Name: Lebombo Euphorbia (EN)
Distribution: E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
26 MOZ ZIM 27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
subspecies :
subsp. rhodesiaca L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 32: 174 (1966)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia congestiflora L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 44: 197 (1970)
Distribution: SW-Angola; NW-Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Tirucalli
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia congestifolia (L.C.Leach) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 89 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia coniosperma Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 196 (1860)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran)
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ancyrensis Azn. ex Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 25: 106 (1964)
= Tithymalus ancyrensis (Azn. ex Khan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4). 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia connata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 112 (1862)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia consanguinea Schrenk; Enum. Pl. Nov. [Fischer & Meyer] 1: 88 (1841)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan
32 KAZ TKM TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus consanguineus (Schrenk) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 64 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia consoquitlae Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 327 (1920)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia contorta L.C.Leach; Kirkia 4: 17 (1964)
Distribution: N-Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Euphorbia convolvuloides Hochst. ex Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 499 (1849)
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Malawi
22 BEN BKN GNB GUI IVO MLI MTN NGA SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN CON 24 CHA ETH SUD 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum convolvuloides (Hochst. ex Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 34 (1860)
= Chamaesyce prieuriana (Baill.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Euphorbia convolvuloides Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 46 (1862)
= Euphorbia prieuriana Baill.; Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 61 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia conzattii V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 48 (2003), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus pulchellus Dressler; Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 111 (1957)
species :
Euphorbia cooperi N.E.Br. ex A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 83 (1907 publ. 1906)
Name: Transvaal Candelabra Tree
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
variant :
var. calidicola L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 36: 34 (1970)
Distribution: Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ ZIM
variant :
var. ussanguensis (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 36: 31 (1970)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ussanguensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 587 (1912)
species :
Euphorbia copiapina Phil.; Linnaea 29: 42 (1857)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia calderensis Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 510 (1895)
= Euphorbia subumbellata Steud. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 103 (1862), pro syn.
species :
Euphorbia corallioides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 460 (1753)
Name: Korallen-Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: C-Italy; S-Italy; Sicily; +Algeria
13 ITA SIC 20 ALG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia corallioides var. denudata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 117 (1862)
= Euphorbia denudata Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 5: 91 (1842)
= Galarhoeus corallioides (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 146 (1812)
= Tithymalus corallioides (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia cordatella Oudejans; Phytologia 67: 45 (1989)
Distribution: Uruguay
85 URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cordata Larrañaga; Escritos Damaso Antonio Larrañaga 2: 164 (1923), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia cordeiroae P.Carrillo & V.W.Steinm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 68(2): 170 (2011)
Distribution: Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia cordifolia Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 656 (1821)
Name: Heartleaf sandmat
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce cordifolia (Elliott) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 709 (1903)
= Euphorbia ludoviciana Featherm.; Rep. Bot. Surv. S. & Centr. Louisiana 71, 105 (1871), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia ludoviciana Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 111 (1817)
species :
Euphorbia cornastra (Dressler) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 32(2): 482 (1978)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Poinsettia cornastra Dressler; Bol. Soc. Bot. México 35: 17 (1975)
species :
Euphorbia corneliae Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 48, figs. 25-27 (2018)
Distribution: SW-Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Esula
species :
Euphorbia corniculata R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. Africa 27: t. 1076 (1949)
Distribution: NE-Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Euphorbia cornigera Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 122 (1862)
Distribution: N-Pakistan (Swat, Dir, Hazara, Murree); NW-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pilosa var. cornigera (Boiss.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 261 (1887)
species :
Euphorbia corollata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 459 (1753)
Name: Flowering spurge
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma arundelana (Bartlett) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Agaloma corollata (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 117 (1836)
= Agaloma joorii (Norton) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Agaloma marilandica (Greene) House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 7: 130 (1921)
= Agaloma olivacea (Small) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Euphorbia arundelana Bartlett; Rhodora 13: 164 (1911)
= Euphorbia corollata var. glauca Millsp.; Bot. Gaz. 26: 267 (1898)
= Euphorbia corollata var. grandiflora Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 67 (1862)
= Euphorbia corollata var. hirsuta Macnab; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 19: 63 (1835)
= Euphorbia corollata var. joorii Norton; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 155 (1898)
= Euphorbia corollata var. molle Millsp.; Bot. Gaz. 26: 267 (1898)
= Euphorbia corollata var. subpetiolata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 67 (1862)
= Euphorbia corollata var. viridiflora Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8: 273 (1923)
= Euphorbia discolor Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 10: 37 (1851), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia marilandica Greene; Pittonia 3: 345 (1898)
= Euphorbia olivacea Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 613 (1898)
= Galarhoeus corollatus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 146 (1812)
= Tithymalopsis arundelana (Bartlett) Small; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 2: 470 (1913)
= Tithymalopsis corollata (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 249 (1859)
= Tithymalopsis corollata (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 717 (1903), isonym
= Tithymalopsis corollatus (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859)
= Tithymalopsis joorii (Norton) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 717 (1903)
= Tithymalopsis olivacea (Small) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 717 (1903)
= Tithymalus marilandicus (Greene) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 717 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia correllii M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 130 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, ?Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus correllii (Johnst.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia correntina Parodi; Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 11: 49 (1881)
Distribution: Argentina (Corrientes)
85 ARG
species :
Euphorbia corsica Req.; Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 384 (1825)
Distribution: Corsica
12 COR
Remarks: corsica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula corsica (Req.) Gand.; Fl. Eur. [Gandoger] 20: 115, 139 (1890), opus utique oppr.
= Euphorbia rigida Loisel.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 414 (1827)
= Tithymalus corsicus (Req.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia cossoniana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 135 (1862)
Distribution: Morocco; N-Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cossoniana var. maroccana Batt.; Contr. Fl. Atl. 80 (1919)
= Tithymalus cossonianus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4). 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia cotinifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 453 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. cotinifolia
Name: Poison Spurge
Distribution: Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; China [I] (Fujian [I]); Taiwan [I]; Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sinaloa, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cayman Isl.; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Montserrat; Martinique; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Tobago; Trinidad; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Aragua, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Sucre, Tachira, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru
22 ben bkn gui 23 cmn zai 36 chi 38 tai 79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 BON CAY CUR HIS MAR MTS PUE STV TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema cotinifolia (L.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Aklema scotanum (Schltdl.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 417 (1916)
= Aklema yavalquahuitl (Schltdl.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 417 (1916)
= Alectoroctonum caracasanum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 40 (1860)
= Alectoroctonum cotinifolium (L.) Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 252 (1846)
= Alectoroctonum riedelianum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 41 (1860)
= Alectoroctonum scotanum Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 252 (1847)
= Alectoroctonum willdenowii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 41 (1860)
= Alectoroctonum yavalquahuitl Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 252 (1847)
= Euphorbia caracasana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 60 (1862)
= Euphorbia cotinifolia (L.) Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 46 (1817)
= Euphorbia scotanum Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 250 (1847)
= Euphorbia scotanum var. yavalquahuitl Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 60 (1862)
= Euphorbia venenata Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 250 (1847)
= Tithymalus cotinifolius (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 141 (1812)
subspecies :
subsp. cotinoides (Miq.) Christenh.; Harvard Pap. Bot. 7(1): 3 (2002)
Distribution: S-India [c]; Bangladesh [c]; Thailand [c]; Venezuela (Bolívar); Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará)
40 ban ind 41 tha 82 VEN 83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectoroctonum cotinoides (Miq.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 248 (1859)
= Euphorbia cotinoides Miq.; Linnaea 21: 473 (1848)
= Euphorbia cotinoides var. riedeliana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 669 (1874)
= Euphorbia cotinoides var. verrucosa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 60 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia cowellii (Millsp. ex Britton) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Puerto Rico
81 HIS PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce cowellii Millsp. ex Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 457 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia craspedia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 95 (1846)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ TUR
Remarks: denticulata agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus craspedius Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 87 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia crassa (Cremers) Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 55 (2021)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia enterophora subsp. crassa Cremers; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 17(3): 348 (1978)
= Euphorbia xylophylloides subsp. crassa (Cremers) S.Carter; Euphorbia World 10(2): 19 (2014)
species :
Euphorbia crassicaulis (Rauh) Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488(1): 27 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia decaryi var. crassicaulis (Rauh) J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Candollea 71(1): 153 (2016)
= Euphorbia francoisii var. crassicaulis Rauh; Euphorbia J. 10: 183 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia crassimarginata Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 480 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia crassinodis Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 340 (1899)
Distribution: S-Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce crassinodis (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia crassipes Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 318 (1909)
Distribution: S-Namibia; South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov., North-West Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia baliola N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 327 (1915)
= Euphorbia eendornensis Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 196 (1932)
= Euphorbia fusca Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 2: 38 (1910)
= Euphorbia hopetownensis Nel; Kakteenkunde 192 (1933)
= Euphorbia inornata N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 585, 586 (1925)
species :
Euphorbia creberrima McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 218 (1993)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Durango, Jalisco, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia cremersii Rauh & Razaf.; Euphorbia J. 7: 23 (1991)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cremersii f. viridifolia Rauh; Euphorbia J. 7: 25 (1991)
variant :
var. rakatozafyi (Cremers) Rauh; Succ. & Xeroph. Pl. Madagascar 1: 172 (1995)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia francoisii var. rakotozafyi Cremers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 54(3-4): 377 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia crenata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium crenatum N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 461 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia crenulata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 192 (1858)
Name: Chinese caps
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, Oregon)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia crenulata var. franciscana Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 38 (1899)
= Euphorbia leptocera Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 143 (1862)
= Euphorbia leptocera Engelm. ex Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4 [Whipple]: 135 (1862)
= Euphorbia leptocera var. crenulata (Engelm.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 143 (1862)
= Euphorbia manca A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 47: 437 (1909)
= Euphorbia nortoniana A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 47: 437 (1909)
= Tithymalus crenulatus (Engelm.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 55 (1922)
= Tithymalus franciscanus (Norton) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 56 (1904)
= Tithymalus leptocerus (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Arthur; Torreya 22: 30 (1922)
= Tithymalus mancus (A.Nelson) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 9: 67 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia crepitata L.C.Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 60 (1939)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce crepitata (L.C.Wheeler) Mayfield; Phytologia 75(2): 179 (1993)
variant :
var. longa M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 139 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce crepitata var. longa (M.C.Johnst.) Mayfield; Phytologia 75(2): 179 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia crepuscula (L.C.Wheeler) V.W.Steinm. & Felger; Madroño 42(4): 455 (1995 publ. 1996)
Distribution: Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia villifera var. crepuscula L.C.Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 61 (1939)
species :
Euphorbia cressoides M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 123 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus cressoides (M.C.Johnst.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia cristata B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 226 (1821)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam
40 BAN IND SRL 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce cristata (B.Heyne ex Roth) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 48: 424 (1967)
= Chamaesyce cristata (B.Heyne ex Roth) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce fimbriata subsp. burmanica (Panigrahi) K.S.Rao & M.N.V.Prasad; Taxon 36(4): 762 (1987)
= Chamaesyce laciniata subsp. burmanica (Panigrahi) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 454 (1977)
= Euphorbia cristata var. major Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 226 (1821)
= Euphorbia laciniata subsp. burmanica Panigrahi; Kew Bull. 30: 532 (1975)
= Lophobios cristata (B.Heyne ex Roth) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia crossadenia Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 19: 174 (1923)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia crotonoides Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 98 (1862)
subspecies :
subsp. crotonoides
Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
24 ETH SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Crotonoides
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia holstii var. hebecarpa Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 374 (1904)
= Euphorbia systyloides var. hebecarpa (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 521 (1911)
subspecies :
subsp. narokensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 39(3): 651 (1984)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia cruentata Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 13: 361 (1832)
Distribution: USA (Missouri)
75 USA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
species :
Euphorbia crypta Ewest; Euphorbia World 11(1): 26 (2015)
Distribution: N-Chile
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia cryptocaulis M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 42(1): 231 (1987)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia cryptorubra N.C.Taylor & M.Terry; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 10(1): 2 (2016)
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua)
77 USA 79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia cryptospinosa P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 18: 351 (1963)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia cubensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1265 (1862)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cyanogala C.Wright ex Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 21 (1866)
= Euphorbiodendron cubense (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 306 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia cuchumatanensis Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 169 (1944)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
species :
Euphorbia culminicola Ant.Molina; Ceiba 11(1): 67 (1965)
Distribution: Honduras
80 HON
species :
Euphorbia cumbrae Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 16 (1860)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi); Guatemala; Honduras
79 MEX 80 GUA HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce cumbrae (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia cumulata R.A.Dyer; Rec. Albany Mus. 4: 92 (1931)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
species :
Euphorbia cumulicola (Small) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989)
Name: Coastal dune sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce cumulicola Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 794 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia cuneata Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 53 (1791)
subspecies :
subsp. cuneata
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); ?Togo; ?Benin; Nigeria; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique; Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen)
20 EGY 22 NGA 24 CHA ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia carpasus Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 98 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia cuneata var. carpasus Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 97 (1862)
= Euphorbia cuneata var. perrottetii (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 97 (1862)
= Euphorbia fruticosa Edgew.; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 16: (1847) 1219
= Euphorbia perrottetii Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 5: 72, t. 464 (1855)
= Lyciopsis cuneata Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 37 (1867)
= Tirucalia cuneata (Vahl) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 89 (1996)
subspecies :
subsp. cretacea S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 686 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
subspecies :
subsp. lamproderma S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 428 (1980)
Distribution: S-Ethiopia; N-Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
subspecies :
subsp. spinescens (Pax) Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 429 (1980)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cuneata var. spinescens (Pax) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 429 (1980)
= Euphorbia lyciopsis Pax; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 242 (1895)
= Euphorbia spinescens Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 120 (1894)
variant :
var. pumilans S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 430 (1980)
Distribution: SE-Kenya; NE-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
subspecies :
subsp. wajirensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 428 (1980)
Distribution: SE-Ethiopia; ?S-Somalia; NW-Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia cuneifolia Guss.; Pl. Rar. Neapol. [Gussone] 190 (1826)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Algeria; Tunisia
12 COR SAR 13 ITA SIC 20 ALG TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia stellulata Salzm. ex Loisel.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 415 (1827)
= Tithymalus cuneifolius (Guss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 76 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia cuneneana L.C.Leach; Dinteria 12: 21 (1976)
subspecies :
subsp. cuneneana
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
subspecies :
subsp. rhizomatosa L.C.Leach; Dinteria 12: 24 (1976)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia cuphosperma (Engelm.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 73 (1862)
Name: Hairy-fruit spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico State, Morelos, Oaxaca, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dentata f. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Fernald; Rhodora 50: 148 (1948)
= Euphorbia dentata var. cuphosperma Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 190 (1859)
= Poinsettia cuphosperma (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 721 (1903)
= Poinsettia dentata var. cuphosperma (Engelm.) Mohlenbr.; Ill. Fl. Illinois, Fl. Pl. Basswoods-Spurges 198 (1982)
species :
Euphorbia cupricola (Malaisse & Lecron) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium cupricola Malaisse & Lecron; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 60(3-4): 301 (1990)
species :
Euphorbia cuprispina S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 378 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia cupularis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 23 (1860)
Name: Dead-man´s Tree, Crying Tree
Distribution: Malawi; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MLW 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arborescens E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), nomen
= Euphorbia synadenia Baill.; Adansonia 3: 142 (1862 publ. 1863)
= Synadenium arborescens Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 187 (1862)
= Synadenium cupulare (Boiss.) L.C.Wheeler ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 953 (1941)
species :
Euphorbia currorii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 545 (1911)
Distribution: Angola; NW-Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Lyciopsis
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ohiva Swanepoel; S. African J. Bot. 75(2): 249 (2009)
species :
Euphorbia curtisii Engelm.; Fl. South. U.S. 401 (1860)
Name: Curtis´ spurge
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma curtisii (Engelm.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Agaloma eriogonoides (Small) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 299 (1912)
= Euphorbia curtisii var. longipes Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 67 (1862)
= Euphorbia eriogonoides Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 614 (1898)
= Euphorbia ruegeliana Shuttlew. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 67 (1862), pro syn.
= Tithymalopsis curtisii (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 716 (1903)
= Tithymalopsis eriogonoides (Small) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 716 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia cuspidata Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 2: 9 (1843)
Distribution: Iraq (W-Iraq: Desert); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 IRQ JOR SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia chesneyi (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 152 (1862)
= Euphorbia fieldii Sirj.; Pap. Peabody Mus. Amer. Archaeol. 48(2): 74 (1956)
= Euphorbia palmyrena Mouterde; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 109: 194 (1963)
= Tithymalus chesneyi Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 37: 99 (1860)
= Tithymalus palmyrenus (Mouterde) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia cussonioides P.R.O.Bally; Bothalia 7: 29 (1958)
Distribution: Kenya (mountains)
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia cyanofolia Ewest; Euphorbia World 11(2): 21 (2015)
Distribution: N-Chile
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray; Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 7: 81 (1786)
Name: Mexican Fire Plant, Wild Poinsettia (EN); Maravilla (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], La Gomera [I], Fuerteventura [I], Lanzarote [I]); Togo [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I]; St. Helena [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Seychelles [I]; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); Qatar [I]; China [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Volcano Isl. [I] (Iwo-Jima Isl. [I]); India [I] (throughout); Maldives [I]; Thailand [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Philippines [I]; Cocos [Keeling] Isl. [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Tonga [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I]); American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I], Ta´u [I]); Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I], Orona [I], Manra [I], Nikumaroro [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Butaritari [I], Tarawa [I], Tabiteuea [I]); Nauru [I]; N-Line Isl. [I] (Palmyra Atoll [I], Teraina [I], Tabueran [I], Kiritimati [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Palmerston [I], Penrhyn [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I]); Palau [I] (Babeldaob [I], Peleliu [I], Angaur [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Ulithi [I], Fais [I], Woleai [I], Faraulep [I], Lamotrek [I], Truk [I], Udot [I], Piis [I], Pohnpei [I], Mokil [I], Kosrae [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Utirik [I], Kwajalein [I], Ailuk [I], Likiep [I], Majuro [I], Arno [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Maui [I]); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin); Bermuda; Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Virgin Gorda); St. Barthélémy; Saba; Antigua; Redonda; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Huila, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Aragua, Guarico, Lara); Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Bahia); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Guaira); Argentina (Cordoba, Entre Rios, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero); Chile [I] (Antofagasta [I])
21 cny 22 tog 26 zam zim 27 bot nam saf 28 sth 29 cgs mau reu sey 35 qat 36 chi 38 kzn nns 40 ind mdv 41 cbd tha vie 42 cki nwg phi scs xms 50 aus lhi 60 asa fij gil nru nue phx sam ton van 61 coo lin sci 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu wak 63 haw 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BAH BER CAY CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR PUE SAB SBA STL TCI TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG cle PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia barbellata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 190 (1858)
= Euphorbia cyathophora var. graminifolia Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 402 (1860)
= Euphorbia graminifolia Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 210 (1803)
= Euphorbia havanensis Willd. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 73 (1862)
= Euphorbia heterophylla f. cyathophora (Murray) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 898 (1895)
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. barbellata (Engelm.) Holz.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 216 (1892)
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 45 (1859)
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. graminifolia (Chapm.) Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S., ed. 3: 424 (1897), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. graminifolia Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 190 (1859)
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. minor Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 73 (1862)
= Euphorbia pandurifolia Roth; Bot. Abh. Beobacht. 48 (1787)
= Poinsettia barbellata (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 722 (1903)
= Poinsettia cyathophora (Murray) Bartl.; Index Sem. Hort. Acad. Götting. 1839: 6 (1839)
= Poinsettia cyathophora (Murray) F.C.Ho; Trop. Pl. Taiwan Colour 3: 30 (1982), isonym
= Poinsettia cyathophora (Murray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859), isonym
= Poinsettia cyathophora (Murray) S.Br.; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 61: 492 (1909 publ. 1910), isonym
= Poinsettia cyathophora var. graminifolia (Chapm.) Mohlenbr.; Ill. Fl. Illinois, Fl. Pl. Basswoods-Spurges 197 (1982)
= Poinsettia edwardsii Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
= Poinsettia graminifolia (Chapm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 304 (1909)
= Poinsettia havanensis (Willd. ex Boiss.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 722 (1903)
= Tithymalus cyatophorus (Murray) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 667 (1794)
species :
Euphorbia cybirensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 89 (1846)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Kalimnos, to, Rhodos); Turkey (W-Anatolia)
34 EAI TUR
Remarks: valerianifolia agg.; probably deserves species rank fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cybirensis var. acutifolia Boiss.; (1862)
= Euphorbia cybirensis var. dehiscens Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 119 (1862)
= Euphorbia cybirensis var. longifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 119 (1862)
= Euphorbia cybirensis var. microcarpa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 119 (1862)
= Tithymalus cybirensis (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 79 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia cylindrica Marloth ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 247 2: App. A, 962 (1941)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
species :
Euphorbia cylindrifolia Marn.-Lap. & Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 69 (1961)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cylindrifolia var. tuberifera Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 14: 5 (1963)
species :
Euphorbia cylindroclada Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488(1): 57 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia cymbifera (Schltdl.) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 48 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus aphyllus Boiss.; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859), nomen, et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 106 (1860)
= Pedilanthus cymbifer Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 253 (1846)
= Tithymaloides aphylla (Boiss. ex Klotzsch) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymalus cymbifer (Schltdl.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
species :
Euphorbia cymbiformis Rusby; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 4: 255 (1895)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)
83 BOL
species :
Euphorbia cymosa Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 611 (1812)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacan, Quintana Roo, Yucatan); Jamaica; St. Vincent; Colombia (Atlántico)
79 MEX 81 JAM STV 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema nudiflora (Jacq.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1836)
= Alectoroctonum nudiflorum (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 40 (1859)
= Euphorbia nudiflora Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 3: 180 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus nudiflorus (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 142 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia cyparissias L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 461 (1753)
Name: Cypress spurge (EN), Zypressen-Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Andorra; ?Baleares; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece (south to Mt. Olimbos); Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Japan [I] (Hokkaido [I], Honshu [I]); Australia [I] (South Australia [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Colombia [I]
10 den fin grb ire nor swe 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO cis FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 38 jap 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 82 clm
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula cupressina Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 259 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Esula cyparissias (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 155 (1812)
= Esula minor Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med. t. 264 (1764)
= Euphorbia cyparissias var. degeneri Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 278 (1828)
= Euphorbia cyparissias var. denudata Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 281 (1843)
= Euphorbia cyparissias var. esuloides DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 362 (1815)
= Euphorbia cyparissias var. major Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 160 (1862), nom. superfl.
= Euphorbia cyparissias var. picta Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3(8): 122 (1852)
= Euphorbia degener Hoffm.; Deutschl. Fl. Bot. Taschenb. [Hoffmann] 168 (1791)
= Euphorbia degenerata D.Dietr.; Fl. March. 227 (1841)
= Euphorbia esuloides (DC.) Ten.; Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol. 238 (1831)
= Euphorbia punctata Krock.; Fl. Siles. [Krocker] 2(1): 97 (1790), pro syn.
= Euphorbia stenophylla Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 595 (1866), non (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. 1862
= Euphorbia tyraica Klokov & Artemczuk; Fl. URSR 7: 631 (1955)
= Galarhoeus cyparissias (L.) Small ex Rydb.; Fl. Plains N. Amer. 520 (1932)
= Keraselma cyparissias (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus acicularis Dulac; Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées 156 (1867)
= Tithymalus angustifolius Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 209 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Tithymalus cinerea Raf.; Autik. Bot. 91 (1840)
= Tithymalus cyparissias (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia cyparissioides Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 123 (1894)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Saudi Arabia (Asir, Rub al Khali)
22 NGA 23 CMN ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cyparissioides var. minor N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 543 (1911)
= Euphorbia dejecta N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 541 (1911)
= Euphorbia ericifolia Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 288 (1903)
= Euphorbia huillensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 27 (1899)
species :
Euphorbia cyri V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 48 (2003), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus tomentellus B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 164 (1895)
= Tithymalus tomentellus (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
species :
Euphorbia cyrtophylla (Prokh.) Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 556 (1930)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; ?Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Kunar / Nuristan); Pakistan (Chitral)
32 TZK UZB 34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus cyrtophyllus Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 556 (1930)
= Euphorbia cyrtophylla (Prokh.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 240 (1954), isonym
species :
Euphorbia czerepanovii Geltman; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 82(3): 122 (1997)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Daghestan); Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
species :
Euphorbia daghestanica Geltman; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 82(3): 122 (1997)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus (Daghestan)
33 NCS
species :
Euphorbia dahurica Peschkova; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15: 238 (1979)
Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur, Primorye)
30 SIB 31 RFE
species :
Euphorbia dalettiensis M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 42(2): 391 (1987)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia dallachyana Baill.; Adansonia 6: 285 (1866)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce dallachyana (Baill.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
= Euphorbia minutifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1268 (1866)
species :
Euphorbia damarana L.C.Leach; Bothalia 11(4): 500 (1975)
Distribution: SW-Angola; NW-Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Tirucalli
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia damarana (L.C.Leach) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 89 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia damasoi Oudejans; Phytologia 67: 45 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Uruguay
85 URU
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ovata Larrañaga; Escritos Damaso Antonio Larrañaga 2: 164 (1923), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia daphnoides Balf.f.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 21 (1877)
Distribution: +Rodrigues
29 ROD
species :
Euphorbia darbandensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1040 (1913)
Distribution: Central African Republic
23 CAF
species :
Euphorbia dasyacantha S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 419 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia dauana S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 376 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia davidii Subils; Kurtziana 17: 125 (1984)
Name: David´s spurge
Distribution: Greece [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Florida [I], Iowa [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], North Carolina [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Mexico [I]; Argentina (Cordoba, San Luis)
13 grc 33 geo ncs 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dentata var. gracillima Millsp.; Pittonia 2: 90 (1890)
= Euphorbia dentata var. lancifolia Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8: 273 (1923)
species :
Euphorbia daviesii E.A.Bruce; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 51 (1940)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia imbricata Bruce; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 468 (1933) (non Vahl)
species :
Euphorbia davisii M.L.S.Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 25: 140, t. 10 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: amygdaloides agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus davisii (M.L.S.Khan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 171 (1972), no basionym page.
species :
Euphorbia davyi N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 305 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia dawei N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 583 (1912)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Tanzania
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 TAN UGA
species :
Euphorbia debilispina L.C.Leach; Excelsa 15: 13 (1991 publ. 1992)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia decaryi Guillaumin; Cactus (Mont St. Amaud) 3: No. 6, 3, nomen, et in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 6: 120 (1934), descr.
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia francoisii Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 161 (1946)
= Euphorbia francoisii f. rubrifolia Rauh; Euphorbia J. 10: 183 (1996)
variant :
var. robinsonii Cremers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 54(3-4): 373 (1984)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia deccanensis V.S.Raju; Taxon 34(3): 519 (1985), nom. nov.
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Cambodia; Vietnam
40 IND 41 CBD VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce katrajensis var. kasaragodensis (V.J.Nair, Binojk. & R.Ansari) V.S.Raju; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(1): 92 (2004)
= Chamaesyce linearifolia (Roth) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-41: 169 (1972)
= Euphorbia katrajensis var. kasaragodensis V.J.Nair, Binojk. & R.Ansari; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 14(2): 471 (1990)
= Euphorbia linearifolia Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 224 (1821), non E. linarifolia Willd.
= Euphorbia linearis B.Heyne; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7712 (1821) ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 225
variant :
var. nallamalayana (J.L.Ellis) V.S.Raju; Taxon 34(3): 520 (1985)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce linearifolia var. nallamalayana (J.L.Ellis) K.S.Rao & M.N.V.Prasad; Taxon 36(4): 762 (1987)
= Chamaesyce linearifolia var. nallamalyana (J.L.Ellis) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 454 (1977)
= Euphorbia linearifolia var. nallamalayana J.L.Ellis; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 8: 345 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia decepta N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 320 (1915)
subspecies :
subsp. decepta
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia albertensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 323 (1915)
= Euphorbia astrophora Marx; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 68(6): 311 (1996)
= Euphorbia brevirama N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 317 (1915)
= Euphorbia brevirama var. astrophora (Marx) Marx & van Veldh.; Euphorbia World 11(2): 8 (2015)
= Euphorbia brevirama var. supraterra Marx & van Veldh.; Euphorbia World 11(2): 9 (2015)
= Euphorbia suppressa Marx; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 33 (1999)
subspecies :
subsp. gamkensis (Marx) Bruyns; Euphorbia S. Africa 1: 297 (2022)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia gamkensis Marx; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 38 (1999)
species :
Euphorbia decidua P.R.O.Bally & L.C.Leach; Candollea 18: 347 (1963), et Kirkia 10(1): 293 (1975)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; N-Mozambique
23 ZAI 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
species :
Euphorbia decorsei Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 44 (1903)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia dedzana L.C.Leach; Excelsa 15: 20 (1991 publ. 1992)
Distribution: Malawi
26 MLW
species :
Euphorbia deflexa Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 328 (1809)
subspecies :
subsp. deflexa
Distribution: Albania; Greece (NW-, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos, Athos, Evvoia, Attiki); Crete (Dikti)
13 ALB GRC KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia antunesii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 79 (1904)
= Euphorbia deflexa var. athoa Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 141 (1843)
= Euphorbia deflexa var. lassitica Rech.f.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 84: 182 (1935)
= Euphorbia pendula (Haw.) Sweet; Hort. Suburb. Lond. 107 (1818)
= Euphorbia pythinsa Friv. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 654 (1881), pro syn.
= Tithymalus deflexus (Sm.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 84 (1860)
= Tithymalus pendulus Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 138 (1812)
subspecies :
subsp. purpureosuffusa (Rech.f.) Biel & Kit Tan; Phytol. Balcan. 19(3): 376 (2013)
Distribution: NE-Greece (Samothraki)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia deflexa var. purpureosuffusa Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 100: 119 (1938)
species :
Euphorbia defoliata Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 264 (1912)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
species :
Euphorbia degeneri Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 583 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum cordatum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 38 (1860)
= Chamaesyce cordata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Arthur; Torreya 22: 30 (1922)
= Chamaesyce degeneri (Sherff) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce degeneri f. minuscula (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce degeneri var. molokaiensis (Sherff) O.Deg. & Croizat; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia cordata Meyen; Observ. Bot. [Meyen] 2: 150 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia degeneri f. minuscula Sherff; Bot. Leafl. 9: 7 (1954)
= Euphorbia degeneri var. molokaiensis Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 583 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia deightonii Croizat; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 58 (1938)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Chad
22 BEN GHA LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 CMN 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia garuana N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 598 (1912)
species :
Euphorbia dekindtii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 73 (1904)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia fraterna N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 580 (1912)
species :
Euphorbia delicatissima S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45(2): 328 (1990)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia delicatula Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 19 (1860)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus delicatulus (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Euphorbia edulis Sessé & Moc.; Naturaleza (Mexico City), Ser. 2, 1(App.): 81 (1888), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia subcaerulea B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 37 (1896)
= Euphorbia tenuissima M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 18: 55 (1933-5)
= Zygophyllidum delicatulum (Boiss.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 145 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia delphinensis Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 166 (1955)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia beharensis var. squarrosa Rauh; Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 100: 14 (1999), nom. inval.
species :
Euphorbia deltobracteata Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 457 (1933)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus deltobracteatus (Prokh.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 49, in clavi, 149 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia deltoidea Engelm. ex Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S., Suppl. 647 (1883)
subspecies :
subsp. deltoidea
Name: Wedge sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce deltoidea (Engelm. ex Chapm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 710 (1903)
subspecies :
subsp. adhaerens (Small) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae; Cumulative Suppl. I: 11 (1993)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce adhaerens Small; Torreya 27: 104 (1927 publ. 1928)
= Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. adhaerens (Small) A.Herndon; Rhodora 95(881): 48 (1993)
= Chamaesyce deltoidea var. adhaerens (Small) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 99 (1966)
= Euphorbia adhaerens (Small) Jabl.; Phytologia 28: 123 (1974), nom. inval.
subspecies :
subsp. pinetorum (Small) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae; Cumulative Suppl. I: 11 (1993)
Distribution: USA (S-Florida)
78 USA
Remarks: not to be confused with E. pinetorum
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. pinetorum (Small) A.Herndon; Rhodora 95(881): 49 (1993)
= Chamaesyce pinetorum Small; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 429 (1905)
= Euphorbia smallii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989), nom. nov., without replaced synonym date, et Phytologia 67(3): 236 (1989), with replaced synonym date
subspecies :
subsp. serpyllum (Small) Ya Yang; Taxon 61(4): 783 (2012)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce deltoidea subsp. serpyllum (Small) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 99 (1966)
= Chamaesyce serpyllum Small; Fl. Florida Keys 81 (1913)
= Euphorbia deltoidea var. serpyllum (Small) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989)
species :
Euphorbia demissa L.C.Leach; Dinteria 12: 10 (1976)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia dendroides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 462 (1753)
Name: Bäumchen-Wolfsmilch (DE); Tree Spurge (EN)
Distribution: NE-Spain; Baleares; France; Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (widespread lowlands and coastal, incl. most islands); Crete (widespread); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); ?Madeira; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (SW-Anatolia); Israel (coastal W-Israel); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I]); USA [I] (California [I])
12 BAL COR FRA MCO SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL SIC 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 34 EAI ISR TUR 50 aus 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula dendroides (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 153 (1812)
= Euphorbia dendroides f. angustifolia Marcos; Cavanillesia 8: 31 (1936)
= Euphorbia dendroides var. longeradiata Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 175 (1936)
= Euphorbia divaricata Jacq.; Icon. Pl. Rar. [Jacquin] 1: 9, t. 87 (1784)
= Euphorbia laeta Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 141 (1789)
= Euphorbion dendroideum (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)
= Tithymalus arboreus Tourn. ex Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 94 (1779)
= Tithymalus dendroides (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
= Tithymalus laetus (Aiton) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 140 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia denisiana Guillaumin; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 1: 446, 448 (1929)
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Ankarana Mts.)
29 MDG
Remarks: only known from the type material
variant :
var. ankarensis (Boiteau) Houyelle; Euphorbia World 14(1): 12 (2018)
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Montagnes des Francais, Falaise de l´Ankarana)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ankarensis Boiteau; Bull. Trimestriel Acad. Malgache, n. s. 24: 86 (1942)
variant :
var. maromokotrensis (Rebmann) Houyelle; Euphorbia World 14(1): 13 (2018)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia maromokotrensis Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 1(2): 44 (2009)
species :
Euphorbia denisii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia obcordata Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 56 (1921) (non Balf.f.)
species :
Euphorbia densa Schrenk; Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 2, 3: 308 (1845)
subspecies :
subsp. densa
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, S-Iran); Afghanistan (Herat, Kandahar); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia); Bahrain; Kuwait; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta)
32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ JOR SYR 35 BAR KUW SAU 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus densus (Schrenk) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 65 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. badghysi V.P.Bochantsev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62(8): 1201 (1977)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
species :
Euphorbia densiflora (Klotzsch) Klotzsch; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 94 (1861)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum densiflorum Klotzsch; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 28 (1860)
= Chamaesyce densiflora (Klotzsch) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 391 (1914)
species :
Euphorbia densispina S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 23(3): 296 (2005)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia densiuscula Popov; Trudy Turkestansk. Nauchn. Obshch. 1: 38 (1923)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus densiusculus (Popov) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 45, in clavi, et 137 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia densiusculiformis (Pazij) V.P.Bochantsev; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 62(8): 1201 (1977)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Galarhoeus densiusculiformis Pazij; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 11: 26 (1948)
= Tithymalus densiusculiformis (Pazij) Pazij; Fl. Uzbekist. 4: 119 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia dentata Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 211 (1803)
Name: Toothed spurge (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; European Russia [I]; China [I] (Beijing [I]); South Korea [I]; Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado [I], Georgia [I], Iowa, Illinois [I], Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Honduras; Paraguay (Paraguari); Uruguay (Flores Prov.); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Cordoba, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Salta, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman)
11 ger 14 rus 36 chi 38 kor 50 aus 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA HON 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum dentatum (Michx.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 162 (1812)
= Euphorbia aureocincta Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 181 (1943)
= Euphorbia dentata var. linearis Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 72 (1862)
= Euphorbia dentata var. rigida Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 190 (1859)
= Euphorbia herronii Riddell; Syn. Fl. West. States 32 (1835)
= Euphorbia purpureomaculata T.J.Feng & J.X.Huang; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 13(1): 65-67, f. 1 (1993)
= Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 253 (1859)
= Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 722 (1903), isonym
species :
Euphorbia denticulata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 435 (1788)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
33 GEO 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Remarks: denticulata agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cilicica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 88 (1859)
= Euphorbia cristata D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 5: 321 (1852), pro syn.
= Euphorbia rotundata Hochst.; Wanderungen Morgenl. [Lorent] 344 (1845)
species :
Euphorbia dentosa I.M.Johnst.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 439 (1922), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Durango, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia setiloba var. dentata Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 44 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia depauperata Hochst.; Flora 24(1. Intell.): 22 (1841), nomen, ex A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 241
Distribution: Guinea; Nigeria; Cameroon; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]
22 GUI NGA 23 BUR CMN 24 ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 50 aus 51 nzl
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia depauperata subsp. aprica Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 631 (1907)
= Euphorbia depauperata var. pubescens Pax; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 6: 188 (1897)
= Euphorbia depauperata var. pubiflora N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 539 (1911)
= Euphorbia lepidocarpa Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 287 (1903)
= Euphorbia multiradiata Pax & K.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 240 (1910)
= Euphorbia shirensis Baker f. [Trans.Linn.Soc.London, Bot., Ser.2, 4: 38 (1894)]
= Tithymalus depauperatus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 79 (1860)
variant :
var. laevicarpa Friis & Vollesen; Kew Bull. 37(3): 470 (1982)
Distribution: South Sudan; Uganda
24 SSU 25 UGA
variant :
var. trachycarpa (Pax) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 815 (1985)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia trachycarpa Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 288 (1903)
variant :
var. tsetserrensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45(2): 336 (1990)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZIM
species :
Euphorbia deppeana Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 6 (1860)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum californicum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 36 (1860)
= Chamaesyce deppeana (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
= Chamaesyce festiva (Sherff) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia festiva Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 589 (1936)
= Euphorbia pauciflora Nutt. ex Seem.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 216 (1867), nom. illeg. (non Duf.)
species :
Euphorbia derickii V.W.Steinm.; Novon 15(1): 219 (2005)
Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Guerrero, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia descampsii (Pax) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium descampsii Pax; Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 37: 108 (1898)
species :
Euphorbia desmondii Keay & Milne-Redh.; Kew Bull. [10]: 139 (1955)
Distribution: Ghana; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; SW-Chad
22 GHA NGA NGR 23 CMN 24 CHA
species :
Euphorbia dhofarensis S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 679 (1992)
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
species :
Euphorbia diazlunana (J.A.Lomelí & Sahagún) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 48 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus diazlunanus J.A.Lomelí & Sahagún; Acta Bot. Mex. 25: 15 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia dichroa S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3861 (1982)
Distribution: NE-Uganda
25 UGA
species :
Euphorbia didiereoides Denis ex Leandri; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 6: 121 (1934)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia digestiva Rojas Acosta; Cat. Hist. Nat. Corrientes 179 (1897)
Distribution: Argentina (Corrientes)
85 ARG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia dilloniana Haager & Sedivá; Euphorbia World 10(3): 18 (2014)
Distribution: C-Chile
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia dilobadena S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 818 (1985)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia dilunguensis (Malaisse & Lecron) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium dilunguense Malaisse & Lecron; Bull. Séances Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre-Mer 40(3): 403 (1994 publ. 1995)
species :
Euphorbia diminuta S.Carter; Kew Bull. 39(3): 646 (1984)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia dimorphocaulon P.H.Davis; Phyton (Horn) 1: 196 (1949)
Distribution: Crete (widespread); East Aegaean Isl. (Kasos, Karpathos); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia); Cyprus (N-Cyprus)
13 KRI 34 CYP EAI TUR
Remarks: apios agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus dimorphocaulon (P.H.Davis) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia dioeca Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 53 (1817)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; ?Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Navassa Isl.; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Atlántico, Cauca, Cundinamarca, La Guajira, Magdalena, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Aragua, Anzoategui, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Falcon, Guarico, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; NE-Brazil (Bahia)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ARU BON CUR HIS NAV 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum dioecum (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 31 (1860)
= Chamaesyce bryophylla (Donn.Sm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce dioica (Kunth) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 384 (1914)
= Chamaesyce urbanii Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
= Euphorbia bryophylla Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 56: 62 (1913)
= Euphorbia chiogenoides Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 51 (1920)
= Euphorbia multiflora Willd. ex Klotzsch; London J. Bot. 2: 42 (1843), pro syn.
= Euphorbia urbanii (Millsp.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 49 (1989)
= Euphorbia villosula Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 340 (1899) (non Pax)
species :
Euphorbia dioscoreoides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 22 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. dioscoreoides
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas); ?Guatemala; ?Nicaragua
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus dioscoreoides (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Euphorbia mocinoi Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989), nom. nov.
= Euphorbia peltata Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 122 (1894) (non Roxb.)
subspecies :
subsp. attenuata V.W.Steinm.; Aliso 14(3): 222 (1995 publ. 1996)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora, Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia discoidalis Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 401 (1860)
Name: Summer spurge
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma corollata var. angustifolia (Elliott) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 95 (1840)
= Agaloma discoidalis (Chapm.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Euphorbia corollata var. angustifolia Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 659 (1824)
= Tithymalopsis angustifolia Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 249 (1859)
= Tithymalopsis discoidalis (Chapm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 717 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia discoidea (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Zambia; N-Zimbabwe
26 ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium discoideum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 26 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia discrepans S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 380 (1987)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia dispersa L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 2(1): 48 (1974)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia dissitispina L.C.Leach; Kirkia 10(2): 394 (1977)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia distinctissima L.C.Leach; Excelsa 15: 12 (1991 publ. 1992)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia diuretica Larrañaga; Escritos Damaso Antonio Larrañaga 2: 164 (1923)
Distribution: Uruguay
85 URU
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia djimilensis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1104 (1879)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Adzharia, Abkhazia); Turkey (NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia)
33 GEO 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus djimilensis (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia dolichoceras S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 418 (1980)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
species :
Euphorbia doloensis M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 45(2): 271 (1990)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia douliotii (Poiss.) J.-P.Castillon; Euphorbia World 17(2): 35 (2021), et 18(1): 21 (2022)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia rubrostriata var. douliotii Poiss.; Rech. Fl. Mérid. Madagascar 38 (1912)
species :
Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 428 (1788)
subspecies :
subsp. dracunculoides
Distribution: Morocco; S-Algeria; Tunisia; S-Libya; Egypt (SE-Egypt); Mauritania; Niger; N-Chad (Tibesti); Sudan; Djibouti; Mauritius; La Réunion; Iraq (S-Iraq); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, Hejaz, Nejd Desert); Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); China (Yunnan); Pakistan (Karachi, Baluchistan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Swat, Gilgit); Nepal; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Bangladesh
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN NGR 24 CHA DJI SUD 29 MAU REU 34 IRQ 35 OMA QAT SAU UAE 36 CHI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia angustifolia Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 62 (1825), nom. illeg., non Glaz.
= Euphorbia glauca Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 140 (1862) non Steud. 1821
= Euphorbia hamiltonii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989), nom. nov.
= Euphorbia lanceolata Biehler; Pl. Nov. Herb. Spreng. 22 (1807)
= Tithymalus dracunculoides (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 84 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. flamandii (Batt.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 40 (1940)
Distribution: Morocco; S-Algeria; Mauritania
20 ALG MOR 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dracunculoides var. africana Rikli & Schröt.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 57: 127 (1912)
= Euphorbia dracunculoides var. flamandii (Batt.) Maire; Étud. Fl. Vég. Sahara 147 (1933)
= Euphorbia flamandii Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 47: 253 (1900)
= Tithymalus dracunculoides subsp. flamandii (Batt.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. glebulosa (Coss. & Durieu) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 202 (1929)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia glebulosa Coss. & Durieu; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 493 (1857)
= Euphorbia globulosa var. peplidea Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 139 (1862)
= Tithymalus dracunculoides subsp. glebulosus (Coss. & Durieu) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. hesperia Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 449 (1938)
Distribution: Morocco; ?Mauritania
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus dracunculoides subsp. hesperius (Maire) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. inconspicua (Ball) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 202 (1929)
Distribution: SE-Spain (Cabo de Gata, Almeria); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dracunculoides f. elongata H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 97 (1932)
= Euphorbia dracunculoides f. subrotunda H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 97 (1932)
= Euphorbia dracunculoides var. ballii Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 201 (1929)
= Euphorbia dracunculoides var. pseudoafricana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 39 (1940)
= Euphorbia dracunculoides var. taourirtensis (Batt. & Trab.) Batt.; Contr. Fl. Atl. 81 (1919)
= Euphorbia glebulosa subsp. inconspicua (Ball) Maire; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 51 (1927)
= Euphorbia glebulosa var. almeriensis Lange; Diagn. pl. Iber. 1: 15 (1878)
= Euphorbia glebulosa var. taourirtensis (Batt.) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21: 16 (1930)
= Euphorbia inconspicua Ball; J. Bot. 13: 205 (1875)
= Euphorbia inconspicua f. elongata H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 97 (1932)
= Euphorbia inconspicua f. subrotunda H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 97 (1932)
= Euphorbia taourirtensis Batt. & Trab.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 9: 16 (1918)
= Tithymalus dracunculoides subsp. inconspicuus (Ball) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. intermedia (Maire) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 202 (1929)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia glebulosa subsp. intermedia Maire; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 51 (1927)
= Tithymalus dracunculoides subsp. intermedius (Maire) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. volutiana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 28: 379 (1937)
Distribution: Algeria; ?Tunisia; Libya
20 ALG LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dracunculoides var. occidentalis Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 29: 450 (1938)
= Tithymalus dracunculoides subsp. volutianus (Maire) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia dregeana E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184, nomen, Boiss. in Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 95 (1862)
Distribution: SW-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Pseudeuphorbium
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia elastica Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 2: 37 (1910), nom. illeg.
= Tirucalia dregeana (E.Mey. ex Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5: 89 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia dressleri V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 48 (2003) nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus gracilis Dressler; Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 109 (1957)
species :
Euphorbia drummondii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 14 (1860)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania); ?New Caledonia
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce drummondii (Boiss.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976), isonym
= Chamaesyce drummondii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce Baill.; Adansonia 6: 285 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia drummondii var. dallachyana Baill.; Adansonia 6: 285 (1866)
= Euphorbia drummondii var. erythropeplis Baill.; Adansonia 6: 285 (1866)
species :
Euphorbia drupifera Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 250 (1827)
Distribution: Guinea-Bissau; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; Uganda; Angola
22 BEN GHA GNB IVO LBR NGA NGR SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN CON GAB PRI SAO ZAI 24 CHA 25 UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elaeophorbia drupifera (Thonn.) Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 29: t. 2823 (1906)
= Euphorbia elastica Poiss. & Pax; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 60 (1902), nom. prov.
= Euphorbia renouardii Pax; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 61 (1902)
= Euphorbia toxicaria Afzel. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 615 (1841), nomen
species :
Euphorbia dubovikii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pinetorum Dubovik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1976: 105 (1976 publ. 1977) (non (Small) G. L. Webster (1967))
species :
Euphorbia duckei (Croizat) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce duckei Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 185 (1943)
species :
Euphorbia duerrii Sarojin. & Raja Kullayisw.; Taiwania 69(4): 531 (2024)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia dugandiana Croizat; Caldasia 2: 129 (1943)
Distribution: Colombia (Cundinamarca)
82 CLM
species :
Euphorbia dulcis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 457 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. dulcis
Name: Süße Wolfsmilch (DE), Sweet Spurge (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Northern Ireland [I]); Denmark [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Niedersachsen [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I], Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Corsica; Italy; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Ukraine
10 den grb ire 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA POR SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS ROM SLV SMA SRB 14 UKR
Remarks: dulcis agg. Greek records probably refer to E. oblongata fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia alpigena A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 16: 337 (1866)
= Euphorbia angulata subsp. deseglisei (Boreau ex Bois.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia cordata Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 747 (1789)
= Euphorbia deseglisei Boreau ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 128 (1862)
= Euphorbia dulcis proles deseglisei (Boreau ex Boiss.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 153 (1910)
= Euphorbia dulcis f. lanuginosa Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia dulcis f. longeradiata Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1908: 8 (1908)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. alpigena (A.Kern.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. chloradenia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 127 (1862)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. deseglisei (Boreau ex Bois.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 269 (1936)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. laevis Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 3: 613 (1909)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. lanuginosa (Lam.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 16 (1806)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. lanuginosa Peterm.; Anal. Pfl.-Schlüss. 395 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia dulcis var. lasiocarpa Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 845 (1859)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. trichocarpa Neilr.; Fl. Wien 578 (1846), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia fallax Hagenb.; Tent. Fl. Basil. 1: 435 (1821)
= Euphorbia hiberna Lepech.; Reise Versch. Prov. Russ. Reich. 1: 221 (1774), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia lanuginosa Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 436 (1788)
= Euphorbia patens Kit.; Linnaea 32: 558 (1864)
= Euphorbia solisequa Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 756 (1832)
= Euphorbia viridiflora Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 3: 309 (1812)
= Galarhoeus dulcis (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 147 (1812)
= Pythius dulcis (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Tithymalus alpigena (A.Kern.) Woerl.; Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 136 (1893)
= Tithymalus deseglisei (Boreau ex Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus dulcis (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 334 (1771)
subspecies :
subsp. purpurata (Thuill.) Murr; Neue Übers. Bl.-Pfl. Vorarlberg Liechtenstein 2: 193 (1923)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland); Switzerland; S-France; Corsica; Italy
11 GER SWI 12 COR FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dulcis subsp. incompta (Ces.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 275 (1890)
= Euphorbia dulcis subsp. purpurata (Thuill.) Rothm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 7 (1963), isonym
= Euphorbia dulcis var. incompta (Ces.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 155 (1924)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. incompta (Ces.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. leiocarpa Neilr.; Fl. Wien 578 (1846)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. purpurata (Thuill.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 628 (1837)
= Euphorbia dulcis var. viridiflora (Waldst. & Kit.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia incompta Ces.; Bibliot. Ital. (Milan) 91: 348 (1838)
= Euphorbia purpurata Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, éd. 2: 235 (1799)
= Euphorbia purpurata var. elliptica Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 16 (1806)
= Euphorbia solisequa var. purpurata (Thuill.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 756 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia verrucosa subsp. purpurata (Thuill.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 312 (1844)
= Tithymalus dulcis subsp. ellipticus (Pers.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus dulcis subsp. incomptus (Ces.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
= Tithymalus dulcis subsp. purpuratus (Thuill.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 174 (1973)
= Tithymalus dulcis var. purpuratus (Thuill.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 602 (1864)
species :
Euphorbia dumalis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 816 (1985)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia dumeticola P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 38(3): 66 (1976), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia platyacantha Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 84 (1904) non Drake
species :
Euphorbia dumosoides Bruyns; Phytotaxa 423(2): 95 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Esula
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dumosa E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), nomen, Boiss. in Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 168
species :
Euphorbia dunensis S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 687 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia durandoi Chabert; J. Bot. [Morot] 14: 70 (1900)
Distribution: Algeria
20 ALG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia duranii Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 160 (1955)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
variant :
var. ankaratrae Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 160 (1955)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia durispina Haev. & Hett.; Euphorbia World 17(2): 14 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia duriuscula Pax & K.Hoffm. ex Herzog; Blumea 5: 641 (1945)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Conservation Status: Known only from type
species :
Euphorbia duseimata R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 14: t. 530 (1934)
subspecies :
subsp. duseimata
Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Free State, N-Cape Prov.)
27 BOT SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bergii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 477 2: App. A, 963 (1941)
subspecies :
subsp. pseudoduseimata (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) Bruyns; Euphorbia S. Africa 1: 304 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pseudoduseimata A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 413, in obs. 2: App. A, 963 (1941)
= Euphorbia pseudohypogaea Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 265 (1921)
species :
Euphorbia dussii Krug & Urb. ex Duss; Ann. Inst. Colon. Marseille 3: 44 (1896 publ. 1897)
Distribution: Martinique; St. Lucia
81 MAR STL
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbiodendron dussii (Krug & Urb. ex Duss) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 306 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia duvalii Lecoq & Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central 327 (1847 publ. 1848)
Distribution: S-France (Corbières)
12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia duvalii subsp. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) Kerguélen; Coll. Patrim. Nat. 8 (Index Synonym. Fl. France): 13 (1993)
= Euphorbia duvalii var. lanceolata Timb.-Lagr.; Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 10: 107 (1892)
= Euphorbia flavicoma var. ruscinonensis (Boiss.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 85 (1974)
= Euphorbia papillosa Pouzolz ex Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 81 (1855), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia ruscinonensis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 33 (1860)
= Tithymalus duvalii (Lecoq & Lamotte) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(1): 22 (1983)
= Tithymalus papillosus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 77 (1860)
= Tithymalus pouzolzii Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 109 (1897)
= Tithymalus ruscinonensis (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia dwyeri D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 182 (1967)
Distribution: Panama; Ecuador
80 PAN 83 ECU
species :
Euphorbia eanophylla Croizat; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 10 (1939)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
species :
Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 20: no. 3, 71 (1904)
Distribution: China (Hebei, Anhui); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ebracteolata f. coreana (Hurus.) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 321 (2004)
= Euphorbia ebracteolata f. magna Y.N.Lee; Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 28(1): 28 (1998)
= Euphorbia ebracteolata var. anhweiensis (Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia ebracteolata var. coreana Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16(11): 645 (1940)
= Galarhoeus ebracteolatus (Hayata) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 384 (1935)
= Galarhoeus ebracteolatus var. anhweiensis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 251 (1954)
= Galarhoeus ebracteolatus var. coreanus (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 251 (1954)
= Tithymalus ebracteolatus (Hayata) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 53 (1954)
species :
Euphorbia echinulata (Stapf) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Zambia
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium aculeolatum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 89 (1909)
= Monadenium asperrimum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 90 (1909)
= Monadenium echinulatum f. glabrescens P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 35 (1959)
= Monadenium echinulatum Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2666 (1901)
species :
Euphorbia ecklonii (Klotzsch & Garcke) Baill.; Adansonia 3(5): 144 (1863)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ecklonii (Klotzsch & Garcke) A.Hässl.; Bot. Not. 335, 338 (1931), isonym
= Euphorbia pistiifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 93 (1862)
= Tithymalus ecklonii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 68 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia ecorniculata Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 132 (1958)
Distribution: ?Iran; Afghanistan (Bamyan)
34 AFG
species :
Euphorbia edgeworthii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 120 (1862)
Distribution: China (Xinjiang); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Pakistan (Pakistani Kashmir)
36 CHI 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus edgeworthii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 172 (1972)
= Euphorbia trapezoidalis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1268 (1866), nom. illeg., non Viv.
species :
Euphorbia eduardoi L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 42: 161 (1968)
Name: Kaoko Euphorbia
Distribution: S-Angola; NW-Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia eggersii Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 343 (1899)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 HIS
species :
Euphorbia eglandulosa V.W.Steinm.; Aliso 14(3): 223 (1995 publ. 1996)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Mexico State, Morelos)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia eichleri Müll.Arg.; J. Bot. 12: 232 (1874)
Distribution: Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Formosa, La Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis)
85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce eichleri (Müll.Arg.) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 185 (1943))
species :
Euphorbia eilensis S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 414 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia elastica Jum.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 115: 1048 (1905)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pirahazo Jum.; Caoutchouc & Gutta-Percha 2: 3 (1905)
species :
Euphorbia elburensis Baldesi & S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 39(10)-e03360: 2 (2021)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia eleanoriae (Lorence & Wagner) Govaerts; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Euphorbiaceae 717 (2000)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce eleanoriae Lorence & W.L.Wagner; Novon 6(1): 68 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia elegans Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 794 (1826)
Distribution: India (Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce elegans (Spreng.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Euphorbia dichotoma Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 471 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia elegans var. laxa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 19 (1862)
= Euphorbia platylepis Decne.; Voy. Inde [Jacquemont] 156, t. 157 (1844)
= Euphorbia strobilifera Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 3: 229 (1851)
= Euphorbia variegata B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 225 (1821)
species :
Euphorbia elegantissima P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 29(3): 507 (1974)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia ellenbeckii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 285 (1903)
Distribution: S-Ethiopia; Somalia; N-Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia ellipsifolia Gilli; Feddes Repert. 92(9-10): 678 (1981)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Euphorbia elliptica Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 425 (1788)
Distribution: Colombia (Cauca)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. elliptica (Lam.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 605 (1891)
species :
Euphorbia elodes Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 29 (1860)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia discolor Klotzsch ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 104 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia elodes var. minor Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 104 (1862)
= Tithymalus selloi Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 66 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia elquiensis Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 509 (1895)
Distribution: Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo)
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia elymaitica Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28(2): 501 (1911)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia emetica Padilla; Anales Mus. Nac., El Salvador 1: 562 (1903)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
species :
Euphorbia engelmannii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 15 (1860)
Name: Engelmann-Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; S-Europe [I]; Chile (Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins)
11 ger 85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce engelmannii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Euphorbia engelmannii var. depressa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862)
= Euphorbia hortensis Engelm. ex Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 15 (1860) (pro syn.)
= Euphorbia inclinata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 42 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia rotundifolia Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 44 (1830), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia engleri Pax; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 242 (1895)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pseudoengleri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 87 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia enormis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 362 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia ensifolia Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 251 (1884)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ephedroides E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), nomen, ex Boiss. in Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 75 (1862)
subspecies :
subsp. ephedroides
Distribution: SW-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ephedroides var. debilis L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 56(1): 73 (1990)
= Tirucalia ephedroides (E.Mey. ex Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5: 89 (1996)
= Tirucalia ephedroides var. debilis (L.C.Leach) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
subspecies :
subsp. gamsbergensis Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 47, figs. 23 (map), 24 (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
subspecies :
subsp. imminuta (L.C.Leach & G.Will.) Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 47, figs. 23 (map) (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ephedroides var. imminuta L.C.Leach & G.Will.; S. African J. Bot. 56(1): 72 (1990)
= Tirucalia ephedroides var. imminuta (L.C.Leach & G.Will.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia ephedromorpha Bartlett; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 43: 54 (1907)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
species :
Euphorbia epiphylloides Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2): 247 (1873)
Distribution: Andaman Isl. (South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (North Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.)
41 AND NCB
species :
Euphorbia epithymoides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 656 (1762)
subspecies :
subsp. epithymoides
Name: Vielfarbige Wolfsmilch (DE), Cushion spurge (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg [I], +Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz [I], Sachsen [I]); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (south to Mt. Pelion, Mt. Athos); Ukraine; Libya; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Montana [I], New York [I])
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB 14 UKR 20 LBY 34 TUR 72 cdn 73 usa 75 usa
Remarks: epithymoides agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia epithymoides f. glabrescens Rostanski; Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 22: 297 (1976)
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. glaberrima H.Lindb.; Öfvers. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Förh. 48(13): 69 (1906)
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. jacquinii Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 277 (1901)
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. laxiphylla Láng; Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 187 (1824)
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. microsperma Murb.
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. macrocarpa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 593 (1866)
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. polychroma (A.Kern.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia fragifera Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 593 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia jacquinii Fenzl ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 136 (1862)
= Euphorbia microsperma (Murb.) K.Malý; God. Biol. Inst. Univ. Sarajevu 1(2): 41 (1949)
= Euphorbia polychroma A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 395 (1875)
= Euphorbia polychroma f. denticulata Rohlena; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1910(8): 110 (1910 publ. 1911)
= Euphorbia polychroma f. longifolia Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 32: 89 (1920)
= Euphorbia polychroma subsp. microsperma (Murb.) Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 32: 89 (1920)
= Euphorbia polychroma var. microsperma Murb.; Beitr. Fl. Südbosnien [Acta Univ. Lund. 27(5)]: 41 (1891)
= Euphorbia villosa Friv. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 125 (1862)
= Galarhoeus epithymoides (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 147 (1812)
= Pythius epithymoides (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Tithymalus epithymoides (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 79 (1860)
= Tithymalus epithymoides subsp. microspermus (Murb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
= Tithymalus jacquinii (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. gregersenii (F.Malý ex Beck) Frajman; Perspect. Pl. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 65: 16 (2024)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia gregersenii F.Malý ex Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 32: 90 (1920)
= Tithymalus gregersenii (K.Malý ex Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia equisetiformis A.Stewart; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 1: 91 (1911)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
species :
Euphorbia eranthes R.A.Dyer & Milne-Redh.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 413 (1937)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia eriantha Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 51 (1844)
Name: Beetle spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia exclusa S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 150 (1882 publ. 1883)
= Poinsettia eriantha (Benth.) Rose & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 13 (1912)
species :
Euphorbia erigavensis S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 409 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia erinacea Boiss. & Kotschy; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 87 (1859)
Distribution: Libya; Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Israel; Palestine; Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai)
20 LBY 34 ISR LEB PAL SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus erinaceus (Boiss. & Kotschy) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia eriophora Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 51 (1844)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze)
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lasiocarpa K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 721 (1848)
= Tithymalus eriophorus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 65 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia erlangeri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 286 (1903)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia erubescens Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 90 (1846)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (W-Iraq, S-Iraq); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)
34 IRQ LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: amygdaloides agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia macrostegia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 171 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia macrostegia var. pauciradiata Bornm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7(63): 39 (1917)
= Tithymalus erubescens (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 96 (1860)
= Tithymalus macrostegius (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia erythradenia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 92 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia erythradenia var. obovata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 152 (1862)
= Euphorbia heteradena Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 198 (1860), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus erythradenius (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 86 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia erythrocephala P.R.O.Bally & Milne-Redh.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 35: t. 3480 (1951)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia erythroclada Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 25 (1862)
Distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce erythroclada (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce erythroclada (Boiss.) K.S.Rao & M.N.V.Prasad; Pl. Syst. Evol. 160(3-4): 192 (1988), isonym
= Euphorbia oligantha Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 19 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia erythrocucullata Mangelsdorff; Haseltonia 11: 3 (2005)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia erythrodon Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 114 (1853)
Distribution: Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
14 KRY 33 NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia kotovii Klokov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1976: 102 (1976 publ. 1977)
= Euphorbia oschtenica Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 10: 325 (1973)
= Tithymalus erythrodon (Boiss. & Heldr.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 87 (1860)
= Tithymalus oschtenicus (Galushko) Galushko; Fl. Severn. Kavkaza Vopr. Ist. 3: 56 (1979)
= Tithymalus oschtenicus (Galushko) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980), isonym
species :
Euphorbia erythroxyloides Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 252 (1884)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mangorensis Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 73 (1945)
species :
Euphorbia esculenta Marloth; Kapland 247 (1908)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia inermis var. laniglans N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 328 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia espinosa Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 120 (1894)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Namibia (Caprivi Strip); E-Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo)
25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Espinosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia gynophora Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 374 (1904)
= Euphorbia nebrownii Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 352, in obs. (1938)
= Euphorbia nodosa N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 548 (1911), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia estevesii N.Zimm. & P.J.Braun; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(6): 318 (2000)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Tocantins)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia esula L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 461 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. esula
Name: Esels-Wolfsmilch (DE), Leafy spurge (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Denmark [I]; Norway [I]; Sweden [I]; Finland [I]; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland [I]; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; ?Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran; Afghanistan (Takhar); China (Guizhou, Yunnan, etc.); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan (Honshu); India [I] (Jammu & Kashmir [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Dakota [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I])
10 den fin grb nor swe 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO swi 12 cis FRA POR SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO 40 ind 70 cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa
Remarks: esula agg. The group contains lots of taxa with doubtful status (see other listed species in esula agg.). There is ongoing confusion about the delimitation (lumping vs. splitting, especially in the former USSR). Also it might be possible that the introduced species in North America is not esula s. str. but something else.
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula angustifolia Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 156 (1812)
= Esula ararica (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Esula dalechampii Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 155 (1812)
= Esula major Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd. 1: 265 (1764), opus utique oppr.
= Esula pseudocyparissias (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Esula riparia (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Esula salicetorum (Jord.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Esula vulgaris Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia acuta Bellardi ex Colla; Herb. Pedem. 5: 132 (1836), nom. rej.
= Euphorbia androsaemifolia Schousb. ex Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow], Suppl. 27 (1814)
= Euphorbia androsaemifolia subsp. salicetorum (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 652 (1881)
= Euphorbia angustifolia (Haw.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 323 (1821)
= Euphorbia ararica Jord.; Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 27 (1855)
= Euphorbia baxanica Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 216 (1970)
= Euphorbia borodinii Sambuk; Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 7, Otd. Fiz.-Math. Nauk 45 (1928)
= Euphorbia chankoana Vorosch.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 40: 51 (1961)
= Euphorbia croizatii (Hurus.) Kitag.; J. Jap. Bot. 31: 304 (1956), in obs., non Leandri (1946)
= Euphorbia cyparissias var. pinifolia (Lam.) Bogenh.; Taschenb. Fl. Jena 331 (1850)
= Euphorbia discolor f. gracilis Popov; Konspekt Fl. Pober. Baikal 214 (1966)
= Euphorbia discolor Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 577 (1851)
= Euphorbia discolor subsp. karoi (Freyn) Bassargin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66: 430 (1981)
= Euphorbia discolor var. glabra Loschk. & Polozhij; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 86: 15 (1979) (without type)
= Euphorbia discolor var. pilosa Loschk. & Polozhij; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva 86: 16 (1979)
= Euphorbia esula proles paludosa Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 165 (1910)
= Euphorbia esula f. esulifolia (Thell.) Kuzmanov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 162 (1979)
= Euphorbia esula f. mosana (Lej.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 171 (1924)
= Euphorbia esula f. octoradiata (H.Lév. & Vaniot) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 544 (2017)
= Euphorbia esula f. salicetorum (Jord.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 171 (1924)
= Euphorbia esula f. segetalis (Willd.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 171 (1924)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. aragonensis Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 652 (1881)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. chankoana (Vorosch.) Vorosch.; Florist. Issl. Razn. Raionakh S.S.S.R. [A.K.Skvortsov] 180 (1985)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. mosana (Lej.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 164 (1910)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. pinifolia (Lam.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 171 (1924)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. pinifolia (Lam.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 274 (1936), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia esula subsp. pseudocyparissias (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 652 (1881)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. tristis (Besser) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 164 (1910)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. tristis (M.Bieb.) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 14 (1929)
= Euphorbia esula var. angustifolia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 596 (1866)
= Euphorbia esula var. ararica (Jord.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 652 (1881)
= Euphorbia esula var. cyparissioides Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 161 (1862)
= Euphorbia esula var. elata C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 194 (1833)
= Euphorbia esula var. gracilis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 652 (1881)
= Euphorbia esula var. lanceolata Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 88 (1855)
= Euphorbia esula var. latifolia (Ledeb.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 576 (1850)
= Euphorbia esula var. latifolia H.Mart.; Prodr. Fl. Mosq., Ed. Alt. 84 (1817)
= Euphorbia esula var. loreyi (Jord.) Douin; Fl. Ill. France 10: 14 (1929)
= Euphorbia esula var. mosana (Lej.) Boiss.; (1862), isonym
= Euphorbia esula var. mosana (Lej.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 361 (1815)
= Euphorbia esula var. mosana (Lej.) Lej.; Lej. & Courtois, 211 (1836), isonym
= Euphorbia esula var. parvifolia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 596 (1866)
= Euphorbia esula var. pinifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 161 (1862)
= Euphorbia esula var. pseudocyparissias (Jord.) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 8: 107 (1868)
= Euphorbia esula var. riparia (Jord.) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 596 (1866)
= Euphorbia esula var. salicetorum (Jord.) T.Durand; Cat. Fl. Liègeoise 56 (1877)
= Euphorbia esula var. subracemosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 596 (1866)
= Euphorbia esula var. tristis (M.Bieb.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 761 (1832)
= Euphorbia filicina Port.; Enum. Pl. Dalmatia 15, t. 8 (1824)
= Euphorbia filicina var. alpina Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 163 (1862)
= Euphorbia filicina var. montana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 163 (1862)
= Euphorbia fleurotii Jord.; Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 27 (1855)
= Euphorbia glomerulans (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 429 (1949), pro syn.
= Euphorbia gmelinii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 612 (1841)
= Euphorbia gmelinii var. angustifolia Krylov; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 8: 1877 (1935 publ. 1934)
= Euphorbia gracilis Besser; Cat. Hort. Cremeneci 56 (1816)
= Euphorbia gracilis Besser ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 324 (1819), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia imperfoliata Vis.; Fl. Slovenia (Dalmatia) 3: 227 (1852)
= Euphorbia intermedia Bréb.; Fl. Normandie, éd. 3: 271 (1859)
= Euphorbia kaleniczenkoi Czern.; Konspekt´ Rast. Kar´kova 55 (1859)
= Euphorbia kaleniczenkoi var. nana Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 394 (1940)
= Euphorbia karoi Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 46: 58 (1896)
= Euphorbia leoncroizatii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989), nom. nov. for E. croizatii (Hurus.) Kitag.
= Euphorbia loreyi Jord.; Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 26 (1855)
= Euphorbia lunulata Bunge; Enum. Pl. China Bor. 59 (1833)
= Euphorbia lunulata var. obtusifolia Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 397 (1940)
= Euphorbia maackii Meinsh.; Nachr. Wilni-Geb. 204 (1871), ex Trautv., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 160 (1884)
= Euphorbia mandshurica Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 29: 203 (1884), et Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 11: 360 (1891)
= Euphorbia meyeriana Galushko; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 216 (1970)
= Euphorbia minxianensis W.T.Wang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 43 (1988)
= Euphorbia mosana Lej.; Fl. Spa 1: 218 (1811)
= Euphorbia nakaiana H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 183 (1913)
= Euphorbia nakaii f. caespitosa Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 459 (1940)
= Euphorbia nakaii f. littoralis Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 459 (1940)
= Euphorbia nakaii Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 457 (1940), et in Icon. Pl. As. Or. 3: 279 (1940)
= Euphorbia nakaii var. hondoensis Hurus.; Iconogr. Pl. Asiae Orient. 3-4: 280 (1940)
= Euphorbia octoradiata H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 281 (1908)
= Euphorbia paludosa Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 165 (1910)
= Euphorbia pinifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 437 (1788)
= Euphorbia pseudagraria N.P.Smirn.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 49(2): 85 (1940)
= Euphorbia pseudocyparissias Jord.; Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 28 (1855)
= Euphorbia racemosa Tausch ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 761 (1832), pro syn.
= Euphorbia riparia Jord.; Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 27 (1855)
= Euphorbia rossica P.A.Smirn.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 233 (1929)
= Euphorbia salicetorum Jord.; Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci., Sér. 2, 1: 138 (1852)
= Euphorbia takouensis H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 281 (1908)
= Euphorbia tarokoensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 7: 34-35, t. 9 (1918)
= Euphorbia tristis Besser; Cat. Jard. Bot. Krzemieniec, Suppl. 4: 27 (1815)
= Euphorbia virgata f. esulifolia Thell.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 175 (1924)
= Euphorbia ×gmelinii Steud., pro spec., Prokh.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 233 (1964)
= Euphorbion esulum (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)
= Galarhoeus borodinii (Sambuk) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 71 (1941)
= Galarhoeus croizatii Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 249 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula (L.) Rydb.; Brittonia 1: 93 (1931)
= Galarhoeus esula f. caespitosus (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 247 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula f. littoralis (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 247 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula f. maackii (Meinsh.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 248 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula subsp. cyparissioides (Boiss.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 248 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula subsp. maackii (Meinsh.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 248 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula subsp. nakaii (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 246 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula var. cyparissioides (Boiss.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 249 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula var. hondoensis (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 248 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula var. maackii (Meinsh.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 248 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula var. nakaii (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 246 (1954)
= Galarhoeus gmelinii (Steud.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 50 (1941)
= Galarhoeus kaleniczenkii (Czern.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 1: 263 (1937)
= Galarhoeus lunulatus (Bunge) Kitag.; Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo, Sect. IV, 4 (Index Fl. Jehol.) 89 (1936)
= Galarhoeus lunulatus var. obtusifolius (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6-6: 239 (1954)
= Galarhoeus mandshuricus Kitag.; Bull. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 1(3): p. 4 (1937)
= Galarhoeus nakaii Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 458 (1940)
= Galarhoeus octoradiatus (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai ex H.Lév.; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 31: 70 (1952)
= Galarhoeus pseudagrarius (N.P.Smirn.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 68 (1941)
= Galarhoeus tarokoensis (Hayata) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 356 (1938)
= Keraselma esula (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus androsaemifolius (Schousb. ex Willd.) Samp.; Anais Fac. Sci. Porto 17: 46 (1931)
= Tithymalus baxanicus (Galushko) Galushko; Fl. Severn. Kavkaza Vopr. Ist. 3: 56 (1979)
= Tithymalus chankoanus (Vorosch.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus discolor (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 97 (1860)
= Tithymalus esula (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
= Tithymalus esula subsp. mosanus (Lej.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
= Tithymalus esula subsp. pseudocyparissias (Jord.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
= Tithymalus esula subsp. riparia (Jord.) Chrtek & Krísa; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(4): 226 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Tithymalus esula subsp. tristis (Besser ex M.Bieb.) Chrtek & Krísa; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(4): 226 (1983 publ. 1984)
= Tithymalus esula var. mosanus (Jord.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 940 (1864)
= Tithymalus esula var. pinifolius (Lam.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 603 (1864)
= Tithymalus esula var. salicetorum (Jord.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 603 (1864)
= Tithymalus filicinus (Port.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
= Tithymalus glomerulans Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 183 (1933)
= Tithymalus gmelinii (Steud.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 53, in clavi, et 174 (1933)
= Tithymalus gracilis Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 92 (1860)
= Tithymalus imperfoliatus (Vis.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus linifolius Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 95 (1779)
= Tithymalus lunulatus (Bunge) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus mandshuricus (Maxim.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus meyerianus (Galushko) Galushko; Fl. Severn. Kavkaza Vopr. Ist. 3: 56 (1979)
= Tithymalus nakaianus (H.Lév.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 54 (1954)
= Tithymalus tarokoensis (Hayata) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 753 (1992), isonym
= Tithymalus tarokoensis (Hayata) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
= Tithymalus tristis (Besser) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 92 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. maglicensis (Rohlena) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.):132 (1924)
Distribution: Serbia; Montenegro
13 MNT SRB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia esula subsp. maglicensis (Rohlena) Govaerts, Frodin & Radcl.-Sm.; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Euphorbiaceae 2: 723 (2000), isonym
= Euphorbia esula var. maglicensis (Rohlena) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.):132 (1924)
= Euphorbia maglicensis Rohlena; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1912(1): 111 (1913)
= Euphorbia pancicii Beck; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 32: 95 (1920)
= Tithymalus pancicii (Beck) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia esuliformis S.Schauer; Linnaea 20: 729 (1847)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia campestris Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 5: 84 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia campestris var. esuliformis (Nees & Schauer) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 147 (1862)
= Euphorbia campestris var. foliosa Millsp.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 66 (1889)
= Euphorbia campestris var. seemannii (Klotzsch) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 147 (1862)
= Euphorbia furcillata var. ribana M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5: 128 (1975)
= Euphorbia seemannii Klotzsch; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 276 (1856)
= Tithymalus esuliformis (S.Schauer) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 84 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia etuberculosa P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 811 (1985)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia eugeniae Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 735 (1949)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
species :
Euphorbia euonymoclada Croizat; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 16: 357 (1940)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Euphorbia excelsa A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 2: 919, App. A, 966 (1941)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia excisa Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 66 (1929)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)
81 HIS
species :
Euphorbia exigua L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 456 (1753)
Name: Kleine Wolfsmilch (DE); Dwarf spurge (EN); Lechetrezna enana (ES)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, +Scotland); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Guernsey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread lowlands, incl. most islands); Crete (widespread); Estonia [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Palma, Fuerteventura); Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (California [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], Texas [I], West Virginia [I])
10 DEN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est RUS UKR 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 33 NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN ISR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula diffusa (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 158 (1812)
= Esula exigua (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 158 (1812)
= Esula tricuspidata (Lapeyr.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 149 (1869)
= Euphorbia diffusa Jacq.; Misc. Austriac. [Jacquin] 2: 311 (1781)
= Euphorbia exigua f. acuta (L.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 187 (1924), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia exigua f. caespitosa Bolzon; Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911: 58 (1911)
= Euphorbia exigua f. diffusa (Jacq.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 187 (1924)
= Euphorbia exigua f. retusa (L.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 507 (1914)
= Euphorbia exigua subsp. acuta (L.) Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 18: 223 (1780)
= Euphorbia exigua subsp. diffusa (Jacq.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 312 (1844)
= Euphorbia exigua subvar. tricuspidata (Lapeyr.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 655 (1881)
= Euphorbia exigua var. acuta L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 456 (1753), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia exigua var. melillensis Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 115 (1936)
= Euphorbia exigua var. obtusa Rosén & Wahlenb.; Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 8: 238 (1821)
= Euphorbia exigua var. pycnophylla K.U.Kramer & Westra; Acta Bot. Neerl. 21: 59 (1972)
= Euphorbia exigua var. pycnophylla Kramer & Westra; Acta Bot. Neerl. 21(1): 59 (1972)
= Euphorbia exigua var. retusa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 456 (1753)
= Euphorbia exigua var. rubra (Cav.) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 759 (1832)
= Euphorbia exigua var. tricuspidata (Lapeyr.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 731 (1844)
= Euphorbia exigua var. truncata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 731 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia melillensis Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Orient. 106 (1933), nomen
= Euphorbia pycnophylla (K.U.Kramer & Westra) C.Brullo & Brullo; Gruppi Crit. Fl. Ital. 43 (2009), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia sommieriana C.Brullo & Brullo; Fl. End. Illustr. Sicilia 162 (2020), nom. nov. for E. pycnophylla (K. U. Kramer & Westra) C. Brullo & Brullo
= Euphorbia tricuspidata Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 271 (1813)
= Keraselma exiguum (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Keraselma retusum (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Nisomenes diffusa (Jacq.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus exiguus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
= Tithymalus exiguus (L.) Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 100 (1779), isonym
= Tithymalus exiguus var. retusus (L.) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 214 (1879)
variant :
var. merinoi (M.Laínz) M.Laínz; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 13: 475 (1956)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; France; Morocco
12 FRA POR SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia exigua subsp. merinoi Laínz; Broteria, Ser. Bot. 24: 141 (1955)
species :
Euphorbia exilis L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 56(1): 76 (1990)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia glandularis L.C.Leach & G.Will.; S. African J. Bot. 56(1): 75 (1990)
species :
Euphorbia exilispina S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 382 (1987)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia exserta (Small) Coker; Pl. Life Hartsville, S.C. 88 (1912)
Name: Coastal sand spurge
Distribution: USA (Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma elliottii House; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 7: 130 (1921)
= Agaloma exserta (Small) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Agaloma gracilis Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 299 (1912)
= Euphorbia exserta (Small) B.E.Sm.; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 62: 83 (1946), isonym
= Euphorbia gracilior Cronquist; Castanea 14: 102 (1949)
= Euphorbia gracilis Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 657 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia gracilis var. rotundifolia Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. copyrighted 1881): 627 (1881)
= Euphorbia ipecacuanhae var. gracilis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 101 (1862)
= Tithymalopsis exserta Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 717 (1903)
= Tithymalopsis gracilis (Elliott) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 716 (1903)
= Tithymalus elliottii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 67 (1860)
= Xamesike gracilis (Elliott) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 98 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia exstipulata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 189 (1858)
Name: Squareseed spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Zacatecas)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce exstipulata (Engelm.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1913. 40: 53
= Euphorbia aliceae A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 42: 50 (1906)
= Euphorbia exstipulata var. lata Warnock & M.C.Johnst.; Southw. Naturalist 14: 127 (1969)
= Zygophyllidum exstipulatum (Engelm.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 146 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia eyassiana P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3864 (1982)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia eylesii Rendle; J. Bot. 43: 52 (1905)
Distribution: Zambia; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana
26 ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce eylesii (Rendle) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
= Euphorbia leshumensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 513 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia falcata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 456 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. falcata
Name: Sichel-Wolfsmilch (DE); Sickle Spurge (EN)
Distribution: Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, +Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mailand, rare Samothraki, Kiklades, Ionian Isl., Kerkyra); Crete; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Siberia (Altai); Russian Far East (Primorye); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Kos, Tilos, Simi, Kasos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Balkh, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Parwan); Cyprus (C-Mountains, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Asir); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Pakistani Punjab, Gilgit); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); USA [I] (Iowa [I], Kentucky [I], Maryland [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Virginia [I], West Virginia [I]); Chile [I] (Metropolitana de Santiago [I])
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL COR FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY RUS 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 OMA SAU UAE 40 IND PAK 50 aus 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa 85 cle
Remarks: falcata agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula falcata (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 159 (1812)
= Esula obscura (Loisel.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia acuminata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 426 (1788)
= Euphorbia arenaria Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 570 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia arvensis Kit. ex Schult.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 16 (1814)
= Euphorbia arvensis Schleich. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 323 (1821), pro syn.
= Euphorbia caesaraugustana Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 505 (1877), nomen
= Euphorbia caudata Boiss. & Hausskn.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1267 (1866)
= Euphorbia erythrosperma A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 1867: 30 (1867)
= Euphorbia falcata f. rubra (Cav.) Nikolic; Fl. Srbije 3: 556 (1972)
= Euphorbia falcata subsp. lusitanica (Daveau) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 388 (1913)
= Euphorbia falcata subsp. obscura (Loisel.) Ces.; Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia [Cattaneo] 1: 312 (1844)
= Euphorbia falcata subsp. rubra (Cav.) Mateo & Figuerola; Fl. Analit. Valencia 368 (1987)
= Euphorbia falcata subvar. maroccana (Murb.) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 2: 131 (1960)
= Euphorbia falcata var. acuminata (Lam.) St.-Amans; Fl. Agen. [St.-Amans] 189 (1818)
= Euphorbia falcata var. carunculata Loscos & J.Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 95 (1863)
= Euphorbia falcata var. congesta Daveau; Bol. Soc. Brot. 3: 25 (1885)
= Euphorbia falcata var. croizatii Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 242 (1936)
= Euphorbia falcata var. ecornuta Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1111 (1879)
= Euphorbia falcata var. falciformis Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 139 (1843)
= Euphorbia falcata var. galilaea (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 140 (1862)
= Euphorbia falcata var. latifolia Font Quer
= Euphorbia falcata var. laxa Albert; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Var [Albert & Jahandiez] 429 (1908)
= Euphorbia falcata var. lusitanica Daveau; Bol. Soc. Brot. 3: 25 (1885)
= Euphorbia falcata var. maroccana Murb.; Contr. Fl. Maroc [Murbeck] 2: 6 (1923)
= Euphorbia falcata var. minor W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 731 (1844)
= Euphorbia falcata var. mucronata (Lam.) Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 178 (1925)
= Euphorbia falcata var. obscura (Loisel.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 655 (1881)
= Euphorbia falcata var. peploiforme Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 78: 190 (1931)
= Euphorbia falcata var. rubra (Cav.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 140 (1862)
= Euphorbia falcata var. vernalis Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 282 (1901)
= Euphorbia galilaea Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 116 (1853)
= Euphorbia mucronata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 427 (1788)
= Euphorbia nervosa Kit.; Linnaea 32: 559 (1864)
= Euphorbia obscura Loisel.; J. Bot. [Desvaux] 2: 332 (1809)
= Euphorbia ×palatinata F.Zimm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 375 (1916), nomen
= Euphorbia pseudograeca Grossh.; Izv. Azerbaidzhansk. Fil. 1: 44 (1941)
= Euphorbia purpurascens Deysson; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 62: 35 (1907), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia rubra Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 1: 21 (1791)
= Euphorbia rubra f. autumnalis Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 498 (1880)
= Euphorbia rubra f. vernalis Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 498 (1880)
= Euphorbia rugosa Kit.; Pl. Banat. Rar. 26 (1828), nomen
= Euphorbia tatianae Fed.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 16: 241 (1954)
= Galarhoeus falcatus (L.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 35 (1941)
= Keraselma falcatum (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Keraselma rubrum (Cav.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus falcatus (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4: 292 (1858)
= Tithymalus falcatus subsp. acuminatus (Lam.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
= Tithymalus galilaeus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 83 (1860)
= Tithymalus mucronatus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 94 (1897)
= Tithymalus ruber (Cav.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 93 (1897)
subspecies :
subsp. macrostegia (Bornm.) O.Schwarz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 129 (1934)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia falcata var. macrostegia Bornm.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 24: 111 (1908)
= Tithymalus falcatus subsp. macrostegius (Bornm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia famatamboay F.Friedmann & Cremers; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 253 (1976)
subspecies :
subsp. famatamboay
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cedrorum Rauh & Hebding; Succulentes 1993(4): 5 (1993)
subspecies :
subsp. itampolensis F.Friedmann & Cremers; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 16(2): 254 (1976)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia fanjahiraensis Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488(1): 32 (2021), nom. nov.
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia isalensis Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 163 (1946), nom. inval.
species :
Euphorbia fanshawei L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 39(1): 8 (1973)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia fascicaulis S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 49(4): 181 (1977)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia fasciculata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 86 (1800)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia faucicola L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 3(2): 99 (1977)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia fauriei H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 281 (1908)
Distribution: South Korea
38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia fauriei var. filiformis H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 281 (1908)
= Euphorbia hakutosanensis Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 581 (1940)
= Euphorbia pekinensis subsp. fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) T.Kuros. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 69(5): 278 (1994)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 638 (1940)
= Galarhoeus fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Nakai ex H.Lév.; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 31: 69 (1952)
= Galarhoeus hakutosanensis (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 261 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis var. fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 259 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis var. intermedius Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 260 (1954)
species :
Euphorbia feddemae McVaugh; Brittonia 13: 183 (1961)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Jalisco)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce feddemae (McVaugh) McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 211 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia fendleri Torr. & A.Gray; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 2: 175 (1856)
Name: Fendler´s sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon)
73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum fendleri (Torr. & A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 26 (1860)
= Chamaesyce fendleri (Torr. & A.Gray) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 710 (1903)
= Chamaesyce gooddingii Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 405 (1916)
= Chamaesyce greenei (Millsp.) Rydb.; Fl. Rocky Mts. 544 (1917)
= Euphorbia fendleri var. dissimilis Payson; Bot. Gaz. 60: 379 (1915)
= Euphorbia greenei Millsp.; Pittonia 2: 88 (1890)
= Euphorbia rupicola Scheele; Linnaea 22: 153 (1849), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus fendleri (Torr. & A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 85 (1860), non (Boiss.) Croizat
species :
Euphorbia ferdinandi Baill.; Adansonia 6: 284 (1866)
Distribution: Australia
50 AUS
variant :
var. appendiculata Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 488 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, New South Wales, South Australia, Queensland)
50 AUS
variant :
var. saxosiplaniticola Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 490 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia ferdowsiana Pahlevani; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 177(3): 359 (2015)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia ferganensis B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 6: 304 (1916)
Distribution: Siberia (W-Siberia); Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
30 SIB 32 KGZ TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ferganensis (B.Fedtsch.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 39: 77 (1933), in clavi
species :
Euphorbia ferox Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 3: 122 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. ferox
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia aggregata A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 92 (1907)
= Euphorbia aggregata var. alternicolor (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 616 (1941)
= Euphorbia alternicolor N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 344 (1915)
= Euphorbia captiosa N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 345 (1915)
subspecies :
subsp. calitzdorpensis Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 38, figs. 13-16 (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia fianarantsoae Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 164 (1955)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia fiherenensis Poiss.; Rech. Fl. Mérid. Madagascar 53 (1912)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia fiherenensis (Poiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia filicaulis Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 217 (1924)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce filicaulis (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 11: 12 (1952)
species :
Euphorbia filiflora Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 3: 123 (1913)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia filiflora var. nana G.Will.; Bradleya 21: 49 (2003)
= Euphorbia meyeri Nel; Kakteenkunde 134 (1933), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia nelii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 484 2: App. A, 963 (1941) (nom. nov. pro E. meyeri Nel)
= Euphorbia versicolores G.Will.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 67(5): 284 (1995)
species :
Euphorbia filiformis (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia; Malawi
23 ZAI 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium chevalieri var. filiforme P.R.O.Bally; Gen. Monaden. 32 (1961)
= Monadenium filiforme (P.R.O.Bally) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(4): 905 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia fimbrilligera Mart.; Index Sem. (München) 1845: 4 (1845), et Linnaea 19: 407 (1847)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus subreniformis (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
= Euphorbia ocymoidea var. subreniformis (S.Watson) McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 229 (1993)
= Euphorbia subreniformis S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 439 (1886)
species :
Euphorbia finkii (Boiss.) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 48 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus finkii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1261 (1862)
= Tithymaloides finkii (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
species :
Euphorbia fischeri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 117 (1894)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mossambicensis var. fischeri (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 510 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 611 (1841)
Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Amur); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong); Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia fischeriana f. glaberrima (Maxim.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992)
= Euphorbia lathyris Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich. 3(4): 993 (1800), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia pallasiana Turcz. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1: 8 (1835)
= Euphorbia pallasii f. glaberrima (Maxim.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 429 (1979)
= Euphorbia pallasii Turcz. ex Ledeb.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 11(2): 1004 (1838)
= Euphorbia pallasii var. glaberrima Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 11: 833 (1883)
= Euphorbia verticillata Fisch.; Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 3: 81 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Galarhoeus fischerianus (Steud.) Kitag.; Rep. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 1: 296 (1937)
= Galarhoeus pallasii (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Hatus. ex Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 238 (1954)
= Tithymalus fischeranus (Steud.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
= Tithymalus pallasii (Turcz. ex Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 75 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia fissispina P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 375 (1987)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia fistulosa M.L.S.Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 25: 111, t. 7 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Syria (NW-Syria)
34 SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus fistulosus (M.L.S.Khan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 172 (1972), no basionym page
species :
Euphorbia fitzroyensis Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 491 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia flanaganii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 314 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia discreta N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 316 (1915)
= Euphorbia ernestii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 307 (1915)
= Euphorbia franksiae N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 315 (1915)
= Euphorbia gatbergensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 310 (1915)
= Euphorbia passa N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 313 (1915)
= Euphorbia woodii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 315 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia flaviana Carn.-Torres & Cordeiro; Syst. Bot. 37(3): 688 (2012)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia flavicoma DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 110 (1813)
subspecies :
subsp. flavicoma
Distribution: Germany; Austria; Spain; France; Italy
11 AUT GER 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA
Remarks: verrucosa agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia brittingeri subsp. flavicoma (DC.) Ladero; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 31(1): 124 (1974)
= Euphorbia brochonii Deysson; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 62: 30 (1907)
= Euphorbia carniolica DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 342 (1805), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia epithymoides f. villosa Fiori & Paol.; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 278 (1901)
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. flavicoma (DC.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 277 (1901)
= Euphorbia flavicoma f. ciliatifolia Marcet; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 45: 237 (1945)
= Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. mariolensis (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 85 (1974)
= Euphorbia flavicoma var. hispanica Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 31: 56 (1884), nomen
= Euphorbia flavicoma var. mariolensis (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38: 85 (1974)
= Euphorbia mariolensis Rouy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 127 (1882)
= Euphorbia polygalifolia proles mariolensis (Rouy) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 182 (1910)
= Euphorbia polygalifolia f. puberula Loscos ex Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 260 (1893), nomen
= Euphorbia polygalifolia subsp. mariolensis (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 269 (1936)
= Euphorbia suffruticulosa Lecoq & Lamotte; Cat. Pl. Plateau Central 327 (1847 publ. 1848)
= Euphorbia uliginosa Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 6: 125 (1865) non Welw. ex Boiss.
= Euphorbia verrucosa subsp. flavicoma (DC.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 616 (1882)
= Euphorbia verrucosa subsp. flavicoma (DC.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 280 (1894), isonym
= Euphorbia verrucosa subsp. mariolensis (Rouy) Vives; Acta Geobot. Barcinon. 1: 29 (1964)
= Euphorbia verrucosa var. flavescens Benth.; Cat. Pl. Pyrénées 79 (1826)
= Galarhoeus flavicomus (DC.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 149 (1869)
= Tithymalus flavicomus (DC.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 108 (1897)
= Tithymalus mariolensis (Rouy) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11(1): 83 (1976)
= Tithymalus polygalifolius subsp. mariolensis (Rouy) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. bermejense Hidalgo-Triana, Pérez Lat. & Cabezudo; Phytotaxa 273(3): 160 (2016)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
subspecies :
subsp. giselae J.Simon; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 55(1): 199 (1997)
Distribution: S-Spain; SE-France
12 FRA SPA
subspecies :
subsp. occidentalis M.Laínz; Bol. Inst. Estud. Asturianos, Supl. Ci. 22 (Aport. Conoc. Fl. Cantabro -Astur, xi.): 7 (1976)
Distribution: N- & NW-Spain
12 SPA
species :
Euphorbia flindersica Halford & W.K.Harris; J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 24: 43 (-46, fig. 1) (2010)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia floribunda Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 39 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce floribunda (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia florida Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 189 (1858)
Name: Chiricahua Mountain sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce florida (Engelm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia floridana Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 401 (1860)
Name: Greater Florida spurge
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia sphaerosperma Shuttlew. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 102 (1862)
= Galarhoeus floridanus (Chapm.) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 801 (1933)
= Tithymalus sphaerospermus (Shuttlew. ex Boiss.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 719 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia fluminis S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3854 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia foliolosa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 24 (1862)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia fontqueriana Greuter; Candollea 20: 170 (1965)
Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca)
12 BAL
Remarks: corsica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia myrsinites subsp. litardierei Font Quer & Garcias Font; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 37: 55 (1949)
= Tithymalus fontquerianus (Greuter) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia forolensis L.E.Newton; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 67(6): 358 (1995)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia forskaolii J.Gay; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 240 (1847)
Distribution: ?Morocco; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava); Mauritania; Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Central African Republic; Chad (incl. Ennedi); Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Namibia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan (Talysh); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir)
20 EGY LBY 21 CVI 22 BEN BKN GHA GUI IVO LBR MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO CAF CMN 24 CHA ETH SOM SUD 27 NAM 33 AZE GEO 34 ISR SIN 35 SAU
Remarks: forskaolii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum aegyptiacum (Boiss.) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 34 (1867)
= Anisophyllum burmannianum (J.Gay) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 25 (1860)
= Anisophyllum forskaolii (J.Gay) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 25 (1860)
= Chamaesyce forskaolii (J.Gay) Parolly; Willdenowia 37: 251 (2007), isonym
= Chamaesyce forsskaolii (J.Gay) Figueiredo; Fl. Cabo Verde 54: 48 (1996)
= Euphorbia aegyptiaca Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 13 (1860)
= Euphorbia aegyptiaca var. indica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 35 (1862)
= Euphorbia austrooccidentalis Thell.; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 61: 431 (1916)
= Euphorbia burmanniana J.Gay; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 239 (1847)
= Phyllanthus forskaolii Lepr. ex Baill.; Adansonia 1: 59 (1860 publ. 1861)
species :
Euphorbia fortissima L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 30: 209 (1964)
Distribution: Zambia; Zimbabwe
26 ZAM ZIM
species :
Euphorbia fortuita A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 397 2: App. A, 962 (1941)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia fosbergii (Florence) Govaerts; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Euphorbiaceae 730 (2000)
Distribution: Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Manuae, Ngaputoru Group, Takutea, ?Aitutaki); Society Isl. (Bora Bora, Huahine, Maupiti, Moorea, Tahaa, Tahiti, Tupai); Tuamotu Arch. (Ahe, Anaa, Fakareva, Hiti, Kaukura, Makatea, Makemo, Manihi, Niau, Rangiroa, Raroia, Tahanea, Taiaro, Takapoto, Takaroa, Takume, Tikehau, Tikei); Austral Isl. (Raivavae, Rurutu)
61 AUI COO SCI TUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce fosbergii J.Florence; Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 18: 243, fig. 1 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia fractiflexa S.Carter & J.R.I.Wood; Kew Bull. 37: 75 (1982)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen)
35 SAU YEM
species :
Euphorbia fragifera (Klotzsch & Garcke) Jan; Cat. Pl. Phaen. 76 (1818) ex Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 16
Name: Zerbrechliche Wolfsmilch
Distribution: Germany [I]; NE-Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; ?Albania
11 ger 13 CRO ITA SLV
Remarks: epithymoides agg. Records from the SE-Balkans and Greece are probably wrong fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia epithymoides f. glabrescens K.Rostanski; Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 22(3): 297 (1976)
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. fragifera (Jan ex Link) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 277 (1901)
= Euphorbia fragifera (Jan ex Link) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 593 (1866)
= Euphorbia rablensis Wulfen ex Schrank; Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 223 (1828)
= Tithymalus fragiferus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 79 (1800)
species :
Euphorbia franchetii B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 6: 310, f. 9 (1916)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; ?Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Faryab, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Samangan, Takhar,); China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia hissarica Lipsky ex Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 140 (1933)
= Euphorbia turkestanica Franch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 18: 248 (1884), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus franchetii (B.Fedtsch.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 46, in clavi, et 140 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia franckiana A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 78 (1907 publ. 1906)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: insufficiently known
species :
Euphorbia francoana Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 22 (1860)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras
79 MEX 80 GUA HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus francoanus (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia frankii Lavranos; Kakteen And. Sukk. 56(9): 241 (2005)
Distribution: N-Yemen
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia fraseri Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 55 (1862)
Distribution: Colombia (Cauca); Ecuador
82 CLM 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia popayanensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 507 (1899)
species :
Euphorbia friedrichiae Dinter; Neue Pfl. Südw.-Afr. [Dinter] 29 (1914)
subspecies :
subsp. friedrichiae
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia multiramosa Nel; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 29 (1935)
subspecies :
subsp. pofadderensis Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 32, figs. 3-5 (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia friesii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe
25 TAN 26 ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium friesii N.E.Br.; Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exped. 1911-1912 1: 115 (1914)
species :
Euphorbia friesiorum (A.Hässl.) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40: 818 (1985)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia grantii var. friesiorum A.Hässl.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 42 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia fruticosa Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 94 (1775)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen)
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia fruticulosa Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 38 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce fruticosa (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
variant :
var. hirtella M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 141 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce fruticulosa var. hirtella (M.C.Johnst.) Mayfield; Phytologia 75(2): 179 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia fuentesii V.W.Steinm.; Phytotaxa 114(1): 26 (2013)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
species :
Euphorbia fulgens Karw. ex Klotzsch; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 2: 26 (1834)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia jacquiniiflora Hook.; Bot. Mag. 65: t. 3673 (1838)
= Euphorbia jacquiniiflora Neumann; Ann. Fl. Pomone 1837-1838: 185 (1838)
= Trichosterigma fulgens (Karw. ex Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia furcata N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 566 (1911)
Distribution: SE-Kenya; NE-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Euphorbia furcatifolia M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 45(2): 266 (1990)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia furcillata Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 60 (1817)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus furcillatus (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 86 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia fuscoclada Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 9 (2021)
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Antsiranana)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia fuscolanata Gilli; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 74: 438 (1970 publ. 1971)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia fusiformis Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 62 (1825)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia acaulis Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 472 (1824)
= Euphorbia humilis Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle], 329, t. 82, f. 2 (1836)
species :
Euphorbia fwambensis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Zambia; Zimbabwe
26 ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium fwambense N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 461 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia gaditana Coss.; Notes Pl. Crit. 46 (1849)
Distribution: SW-Spain (Sanlucar de Barrameda, N of Cádiz); Algeria; Tunisia
12 SPA 20 ALG TUN
Remarks: platyphyllos agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia reboudiana Coss. ex Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 794 (1890)
= Tithymalus reboudianus (Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia gaillardotii Boiss. & C.I.Blanche; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 84 (1859)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 IRQ JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia guestii Blakelock; Kew Bull. [5]: 452 (1951)
= Tithymalus gaillardotii (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 74 (1860)
= Tithymalus guestii (Blakelock) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia galapageia B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 144 (1895)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce galapageia (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 177 (1969)
= Euphorbia stevensii A.Stewart; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 1: 92 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia galgalana S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 407 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia gammaranoi G.Will.; Euphorbia World 2(3): 9 (2006)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia garanbiensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 103 (1920)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce garanbiensis (Hayata) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 355 (1935)
species :
Euphorbia garberi Engelm. ex Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S., Suppl. 646 (1883)
Name: Garber´s sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce adicioides Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 710 (1903)
= Chamaesyce brachypoda Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 709 (1903)
= Chamaesyce garberi (Engelm. ex Chapm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 710 (1903)
= Chamaesyce mosieri Small; Torreya 27: 93 (1927)
species :
Euphorbia gariepina Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 28 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. gariepina
Distribution: Angola; Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
26 ANG 27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Pseudeuphorbium
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bergeriana Dinter; Neue Pfl. Südw.-Afr. [Dinter] 28 (1914)
= Euphorbia halleri Dinter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 9: 39 (1937)
= Euphorbia schaeferi Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 304 (1921)
subspecies :
subsp. balsamea (Welw. ex Hiern) L.C.Leach; Excelsa Taxon. Ser. 2: 78 (1980)
Distribution: Angola; Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia balsamea Welw. ex Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 951 (1900)
species :
Euphorbia garkeana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 38 (1862)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum ramosissimum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 30 (1860)
= Chamaesyce garkeana (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia gasparrinii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 125 (1862)
subspecies :
subsp. gasparrinii
Distribution: C-Italy; Sicily
13 ITA SIC
Remarks: epithymoides agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. gasparrinii (Boiss.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 277 (1901)
= Tithymalus gasparrinii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. samnitica (Fiori) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107(5): 219 (1973)
Distribution: C-Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. samnitica Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 277 (1901)
= Euphorbia verrucosa var. glabra Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 236 (1811)
species :
Euphorbia gaubae (Soják) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 36: 216 (1981)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, S-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia gaubae var. velutina (Bornm. & Gauba) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia halophila Bornm. & Gauba; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 47: 61 (1939) non Miq. (1852)
= Euphorbia halophila var. velutina Bornm. & Gauba; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 47: 62 (1939)
= Tithymalus gaubae Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia gaudichaudii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 7 (1860)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Palau (Babeldaob); Northern Marianas (Saipan, Rota); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)
42 NWG 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU
species :
Euphorbia gaumeri Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1: 372 (1898)
Distribution: Mexico (Quintana Roo, Yucatan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema gaumeri (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia gayi Salis; Flora 17(2. Beibl.): 6 (1834)
Distribution: Baleares; Corsica; Sardinia
12 BAL COR SAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus gayi (Salis) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 88 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia gebelica Brullo; Boll. Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania 27(347): 258 (1994 publ. 1996)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
species :
Euphorbia gedrosiaca Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 88: 220 (1951)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus gedrosiacus (Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand.)Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia geldorensis S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 405 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia gemmea P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3863 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia genistoides P.J.Bergius; Descr. Pl. Cap. 146 (1767)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Esula
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia artifolia N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 263 (1915)
= Euphorbia corifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 430 (1788)
= Euphorbia dilatata E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), nomen
= Euphorbia ericoides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 430 (1788)
= Euphorbia erythrina Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 12 (1822)
= Euphorbia erythrina var. burchellii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 169 (1862)
= Euphorbia erythrina var. meyeri N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 262 (1915)
= Euphorbia foliosa (Klotzsch & Garcke) N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 262 (1915)
= Euphorbia genistoides var. corifolia (Lam.) N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 204 (1915)
= Euphorbia genistoides var. leiocarpa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 168 (1862)
= Euphorbia genistoides var. major Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 168 (1862)
= Euphorbia genistoides var. puberula N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 264 (1915)
= Euphorbia linifolia Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 14 (1768), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia meyeri Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 35 (1860), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia striata Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 169 (1862)
= Euphorbia taxifolia Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 14 (1768)
= Galarhoeus genistoides (P.J.Bergius) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 144 (1812)
= Keraselma corifolium (Lam.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Keraselma genistoides (P.J.Bergius) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus confertus (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 94 (1860)
= Tithymalus erythrinus (Link) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 91 (1860)
= Tithymalus foliosus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 67 (1800)
= Tithymalus genistoides (P.J.Bergius) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 97 (1860)
= Tithymalus revolutus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 99 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia genoudiana Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 172 (1954 publ. 1955)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia gentilis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 289 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia gentilis subsp. tanquana L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 54(6): 538 (1988)
= Euphorbia vaalputsiana L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 54(6): 534 (1988)
= Tirucalia gentilis (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia gentryi V.W.Steinm. & T.F.Daniel; Madroño 42(4): 450 (1995 publ. 1996)
Distribution: Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia georgiana Mayfield; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7(2): 639 (2013)
Distribution: USA (Georgia)
78 USA
species :
Euphorbia germainii Phil.; Linnaea 29: 40 (1857 publ. 1858)
Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo, Metropolitana de Santiago)
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia geroldii Rauh; Succulentes 1994(1): 5 (1994)
Distribution: SE-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia gerstneriana Bruyns; Bothalia 42(2): 236 (2012), nom. nov.
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia franksiae var. zuluensis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 2: 962 (1941)
species :
Euphorbia geyeri Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 260 (1845)
Name: Geyer´s sandmat
Distribution: Canada (Manitoba); USA (Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua)
71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum geyeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 23 (1860)
= Chamaesyce geyeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 709 (1903)
= Chamaesyce polyclada (Boiss.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 711 (1903)
= Euphorbia geyeri var. microsperma A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 3: 386 (1862)
= Euphorbia polyclada Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 10 (1860)
variant :
var. wheeleriana Warnock & M.C.Johnst.; Southw. Naturalist 14: 128 (1969)
Name: Wheeler´s sandmat
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce geyeri var. wheeleriana (Warnock & M.C.Johnst.) Mayfield; Phytologia 75(2): 179 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia giessii L.C.Leach; Dinteria 16: 27 (1982)
Distribution: W-Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia giessii (L.C.Leach) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia gigantea J.-P.Castillon; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 40(2): 164 (2018)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
species :
Euphorbia gilbertiana Bisseret & Specks; Haseltonia 12: 15 (2007)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia gillettii P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 49(4): 179 (1977)
subspecies :
subsp. gillettii
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
subspecies :
subsp. tenuior S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 49(4): 181 (1977)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia giumboensis A.Hässl.; Bot. Not. 320, in clavi, et 328 (1931)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia glaberrima K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 726 (1848)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia iteophylla Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 39 (1860)
= Tithymalus glaberrimus (K.Koch) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 95 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia gladiata (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 412 (2006)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium gladiatum (P.R.O.Bally) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 913 (1987)
= Monadenium yattanum var. gladiatum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 34 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia glanduligera Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 142 (1894)
Distribution: Angola; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., Limpopo)
26 ANG ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Tenellae
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce glanduligera (Pax) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
= Euphorbia anomala Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 636 (1908), non Boiss. 1862
= Euphorbia glaucella Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 737 (1898)
= Euphorbia kwebensis N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 137 (1909)
= Euphorbia pfeilii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 534 (1897)
species :
Euphorbia glareosa Pall. ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 373 (1808)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Italy [I]; Romania; Bulgaria; S-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Armenia; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
11 ger 13 BUL ita ROM 14 KRY RUS UKR 33 ARM 34 TUR
Remarks: often included in E. nicaeensis as infraspecific taxon
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cadrilateri Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 5(1): 255 (1935)
= Euphorbia dobrogensis f. latibracteata Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 5(1): 254 (1935)
= Euphorbia dobrogensis Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 5(1): 254 (1935), et Consp. Fl. Dobr. 2: 254 (1936)
= Euphorbia glareosa subsp. cadrilateri (Prodan) Kuzmanov; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 8: 155 (1961), et Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 145 (1979)
= Euphorbia glareosa subsp. maleevii (Tamamsch.) Tamamsch.; Fl. Armen. 6: 108 (1973)
= Euphorbia glareosa var. minor Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 1129 (1878)
= Euphorbia glareosa var. varnensis Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky], Suppl.: 250 (1898)
= Euphorbia japygica subsp. prostrata (Fiori) Del Guacchio & Frajman; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. boad066: 14 of 17 (2023)
= Euphorbia maleevii Tamamsch.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 1(1-2): 45 (1944)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis f. latibracteata (Prodan) Kuzmanov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 145 (1979)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis f. varnensis (Velen.) Kuzmanov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 145 (1979)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. cadrilateri (Prodan) Kuzmanov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 145 (1979)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. dobrogensis (Prodan) Kuzmanov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 145 (1979)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. glareosa (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) Radcl.-Sm.; Feddes Repert. 79: 55 (1968)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. maleevii (Tamamsch.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. prostrata (Fiori) Arrigoni; Inform. Bot. Ital. 12(2): 140 (1980 publ. 1981)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. volgensis (Krysht.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. glareosa (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 573 (1850)
= Euphorbia provincialis Noë ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 653 (1881), pro syn.
= Euphorbia pseudosaxatilis Kanitz; Pl. Roman. [Kanitz] 111 (1880)
= Euphorbia pulverulenta Kit.; Oesterr. Fl., ed. 2, 2: 21 (1814) ex Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 762
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. prostrata Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 183 (1926)
= Euphorbia sigeri Lerchenf.; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4(5): 95 (1853), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia volgensis Krysht.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 28: 378 (1929)
= Galarhoeus glareosus (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 40 (1941)
= Galarhoeus volgensis (Krysht.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 38 (1941)
= Tithymalus cadrilateri (Prodan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus dobrogensis (Prodan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus nicaeensis subsp. cadrilateri (Prodan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(1): 22 (1983)
= Tithymalus nicaeensis subsp. glareosus (Pall. ex M.Bieb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(1): 22 (1983)
= Tithymalus volgensis (Krysht.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 403 (1949)
species :
Euphorbia glauca G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 36 (1786)
Distribution: Norfolk Isl.; New Zealand (endangered, incl. Stewart Isl.); Chatham Isl.
50 NFK 51 CTM NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia sexangularis Spreng.; Gartenzeitung (Halle) 3: 139 (1805)
species :
Euphorbia glaucophylla Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 613 (1812)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl.); Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Angola
21 CVI 22 BEN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 CMN CON GAB 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum glaucophyllum (Poir.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 35 (1860)
= Chamaesyce glaucophylla (Poir.) Croizat; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 3 (1937)
= Euphorbia trinervia Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 253 (1827)
species :
Euphorbia globosa (Haw.) Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 2624 (1826)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Dactylanthes
Synonyms: hidden
= Dactylanthes globosa Haw.; Philos. Mag. J. 62: 382 (1823)
= Euphorbia globulosa (Haw.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 139 (1862)
= Euphorbia glomerata A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 104 (1906)
= Medusea globosa (Haw.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 251 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia globulicaulis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45: 653-659 (1990)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia glochidiata Pax; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 6: 187 (1897)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 186 (1858)
Name: Ribseed sandmat
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 712 (1903)
= Chamaesyce glyptosperma var. integrata Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 142 (1913)
= Chamaesyce glyptosperma var. pubescens (Boiss.) Millsp.; Living Fl. W. Virginia 5A(1): 294 (1913)
= Euphorbia glyptosperma var. pubescens Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 48 (1862)
= Euphorbia glyptosperma var. tenerrima Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 187 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia godana Buddens., Lawant & Lavranos; Kakteen And. Sukk. 56(2): 43 (2005)
Distribution: Djibouti
24 DJI
species :
Euphorbia gokanensis S.R.Yadav, Malpure & Chandore; Nordic J. Bot. 34(3): 380 (2016)
Distribution: India (Karnataka)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia goliana Comm. ex Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 423 (1788)
Distribution: La Réunion
29 REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum golianum (Comm. ex Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 29 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia gollmeriana Klotzsch ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 65 (1862)
Distribution: Venezuela (Aragua, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Lara, Merida, Miranda)
82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lutzenbergeriana Croizat; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 39: 144 (1967)
species :
Euphorbia golondrina L.C.Wheeler; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 8 (1940)
Name: Boquillas sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce golondrina (L.C.Wheeler) Shinners; Field & Lab. 17: 70 (1949)
species :
Euphorbia gorenflotii Mobayen; Iran. J. Bot. 2(2): 160 (1984)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia gorgonis A.Berger; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 230 (1910)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia gossypina Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 119 (1894)
subspecies :
subsp. gossypina
Distribution: ?Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
24 SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia gossypina (Pax) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
= Euphorbia implexa Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 408 (1908)
= Euphorbia merkeri N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 555 (1911)
variant :
var. coccinea Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 120 (1894)
Distribution: Kenya; N-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia gossypina var. coccinea (Pax) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
subspecies :
subsp. mangulensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 54(4): 959 (1999 publ. 2000)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia gottlebei Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64(1): 15 (1992)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia goyazensis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 28 (1860)
Distribution: Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia gracilicaulis L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 43: 175 (1969)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia graciliramea Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 78 (1904)
Distribution: Uganda; Tanzania
25 TAN UGA
species :
Euphorbia graciliramulosa Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 32 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
species :
Euphorbia gracillima S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 438 (1886)
Name: Mexican sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona); Mexico (Chihuahua, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce gracillima (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia gradyi V.W.Steinm. & Ram.-Roa; Haseltonia 6: 102 (1998 publ. 1999)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia graminea Jacq.; Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 151 (1763)
Distribution: Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; St. Lucia; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Nariño, Quindío, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Tachira); ?Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); Argentina (Jujuy)
63 haw 78 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ARU BON CUB CUR STL 82 CLM FRG VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Adenopetalum boerhaaviifolium Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 (1860) 250, et Abh. Acad. Berl. 47 (1860)
= Adenopetalum discolor Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 (1860) 250, et Abh. Acad. Berl. 49 (1860)
= Adenopetalum ellipticum Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1860)
= Adenopetalum gramineum (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1860)
= Adenopetalum hoffmannii Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 47 (1860)
= Adenopetalum irasuense Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 50 (1860)
= Adenopetalum mexicanum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 50 (1860)
= Adenopetalum oerstedii Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 48 (1860)
= Adenopetalum pictum (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1860)
= Adenopetalum pubescens Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 49 (1860)
= Adenopetalum sphaerorhizum Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1860)
= Adenopetalum subsinuatum Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 250 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 48 (1860)
= Agaloma graminea (Jacq.) D.B.Ward; Phytologia 89(2): 226 (2007)
= Aklema elliptica (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Anisophyllum humboldtii Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 160 (1812)
= Anisophyllum mexicanum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 50 (1860)
= Eumecanthus boerhaviifolius (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 413 (1916)
= Eumecanthus colimae (Rose) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Eumecanthus discolor (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Eumecanthus gramineus (Jacq.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 413 (1916)
= Eumecanthus hoffmannii (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Eumecanthus mexicanus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Eumecanthus pedunculosus (A.Rich.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
= Eumecanthus pubescens (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
= Eumecanthus subsinuatus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
= Euphorbia boerhaviifolia (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 54 (1862)
= Euphorbia canaliculata Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 13 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia colimae Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 356 (1895)
= Euphorbia discolor (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 54 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia graminea var. acutifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 54 (1862)
= Euphorbia graminea var. lancifolia Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1: 372 (1898)
= Euphorbia graminea var. pedunculosa (A.Rich.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 54 (1862)
= Euphorbia graminea var. picta (Jacq.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 54 (1862)
= Euphorbia graminea var. subsinuata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 54 (1862)
= Euphorbia graminea var. virgata Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1: 372 (1898)
= Euphorbia humboldtii Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 503 (1809)
= Euphorbia leptalea S.Schauer; Linnaea 20: 728 (1847)
= Euphorbia longepetiolata M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 18: 55 (1933), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia nuda Lam. ex Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 13 (1806), pro syn.
= Euphorbia nudiflora Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 426 (1788)
= Euphorbia pedunculosa A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 198 (1850)
= Euphorbia picta Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 3: 178 (1791)
= Peccana glauca Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 115 (1838)
= Tithymalus leptaleus (S.Schauer) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 65 (1860)
= Tithymalus pictus (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 143 (1812)
form :
f. foliosa McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 225 (1993)
Distribution: Mexico (Nayarit, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
variant :
var. novogaliciana McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 227 (1993), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia galiciana McVaugh; Brittonia 13: 173 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia graminifolia Vill.; Fl. Delphinalis 47 (1786)
Distribution: France; Italy
12 FRA 13 ITA
Remarks: esula agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula tenuifolia (Lam.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia bupleuroides Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 571 (1850) (in syn.)
= Euphorbia gracilis Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur] 728 (1807)
= Euphorbia leptophylla Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 3: 825 (1789)
= Euphorbia tenuifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 428 (1788)
= Keraselma leptophyllum (Vill.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus graminifolius (Vill.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 172 (1972)
= Tithymalus tenuifolius (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 92 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia grammata (McVaugh) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae; Cumulative Suppl. I: 11 (1993)
Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce grammata McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 211 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia grandicornis A.Blanc; Hints Cacti, ed. 2: 68 (1888)
subspecies :
subsp. grandicornis
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]; India [c]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ 40 ind
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia grandicornia K.I.Goebel; Pflanzenbiol. Schilderungen [Goebel] 1: 42, fig. 15 (1889), nom. illeg., non A. Blanc 1888
= Euphorbia grandicornis J.E.Weiss; Neubert´s Deutsch. Garten-Mag. 46: 291 (1893), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia grandialata R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 17: t. 641 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. sejuncta L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 36: 39 (1970)
Distribution: NE-Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Euphorbia grandidens Haw.; Phil. Mag. 33 (1825)
Name: Valley-bush Euphorbia (EN)
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arborescens Salm-Dyck; Hort. Dyck. 104 (1834), nomen
= Euphorbia evansii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 86 (1909)
= Euphorbia magnidens Haw. ex Salm-Dyck; Hort. Dyck. 105 (1834)
species :
Euphorbia grandidieri Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 615 (1886)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia grandifolia Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 130 (1812)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic; Angola
22 BEN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN GAB 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elaeophorbia grandifolia (Haw.) Croizat; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 15: 109 (1938)
= Elaeophorbia leonensis (N.E.Br.) Jacobsen; Handb. Succ. Pl. [Jacobsen] 1: 392 (1960), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia leonensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 563 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia graniticola L.C.Leach; Kirkia 4: 18 (1964)
Distribution: Malawi; Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia decliviticola L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 39(1): 13 (1973)
species :
Euphorbia grantii Oliv.,; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29: 144 (1875)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mulemae Rendle; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 209 (1905)
species :
Euphorbia granulata Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 94 (1775)
Name: Körnige Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Morocco; S-Algeria; Western Sahara; S-Tunisia; Libya (Tibesti); Egypt (Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Valley, SE-Egypt); Cape Verde Isl. (Sao Vicente Isl., Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl.); Mauritania; Chad (incl. Tibesti); Sudan; Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia; Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Samha Isl.; Kenya; Tanzania; ?Angola; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan, Farah, Helmand, Herat, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kabul, Kandahar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Qunduz); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Bahrain; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Karachi, Baluchistan, Quetta, Waziristan, Pakistani Punjab, N. W. Frontier Prov.); India (Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 21 CVI 22 MTN 24 CHA DJI ETH SOC SOM SUD 25 KEN TAN 32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 BAR KUW OMA SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 40 BAN IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma graminifolia (Vill.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 117 (1836)
= Anisophyllum granulatum (Forssk.) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 34 (1867)
= Chamaesyce granulata (Forssk.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce sistanica (Dinelli & De Marco) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 150(3-4): 138 (1981 publ. 1982)
= Euphorbia arillata Edgew.; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 16: (1847) 1218
= Euphorbia forsskalii var. granulata (Forssk.) J.Gay; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 242 (1847)
= Euphorbia fragilis Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 2: 241 (1834)
= Euphorbia granulata f. subnuda (Maire) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 2: 29 (1960)
= Euphorbia granulata var. fragilis Sennen & Mauricio; [nom. nud.]
= Euphorbia granulata var. glaberrima Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 34 (1862)
= Euphorbia granulata var. hirtula (J.Gay) Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 5(1): 463 (1917)
= Euphorbia granulata var. subnuda Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 21: 273 (1929)
= Euphorbia kralikii Coss. ex Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 791 (1890), as ´kralickii´
= Euphorbia sistanica Dinelli & De Marco; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 35-36: 139 1976-77 (1978)
= Tithymalus granulatus (Forssk.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
variant :
var. glabrata (Gay) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 34 (1862)
Distribution: Egypt; Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Saudi Arabia; Qatar; Oman; Yemen; Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Pakistani Punjab, Rawalpindi)
20 EGY 24 ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN 35 OMA QAT SAU YEM 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce granulata var. glabrata (J.Gay) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40: 391 (1978)
= Euphorbia forsskalii var. glabrata J.Gay; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 242 (1847)
= Euphorbia granulata var. glabrata (J.Gay) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 34 (1862)
variant :
var. turcomanica (Boiss.) Hadidi; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 43(1-2): 93 (1973)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan
32 KGZ TKM TZK 33 ARM 34 AFG IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce granulata var. turcomanica (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40(5): 391 (1978)
= Chamaesyce turcomanica (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 15, in clavi, et 21 (1933)
= Euphorbia tigridis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 84 (1862)
= Euphorbia turcomanica Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 13 (1860)
= Euphorbia turcomanica var. tigridis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 34 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia greenwayi P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 29(3): 512 (1974)
subspecies :
subsp. greenwayi
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
subspecies :
subsp. breviaculeata S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 381 (1987)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia gregaria Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 2: 36 (1910)
Distribution: S-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Tirucalli
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia gregaria (Marloth) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia greggii Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 147 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia brachycera var. greggii (Boiss.) M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 129 (1975)
species :
Euphorbia gregoriensis Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 494 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia greuteri N.Kilian, Kürschner & P.Hein; Willdenowia 36(1): 442 (2006)
Distribution: S-Yemen
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia griffithii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5(14): 259 (1887)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Sichuan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; Myanmar
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bulleyana Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 219-220 (1912)
= Euphorbia cyanophylla H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325-330): 287 (1913)
= Euphorbia cyanophylla H.Lév. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 226 (1931) (descr. ampl.)
= Euphorbia erythrocoma H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325-330): 287 (1913)
= Euphorbia erythrocoma H.Lév. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 227 (1931) (descr. ampl.)
= Euphorbia porphyrastra Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 226 (1925)
= Euphorbia rubriflora H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325-330): 287 (1913)
= Euphorbia sericocarpa Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(2): 227 (1931)
= Tithymalus griffithii (Hook.f.) H.Hara; Univ. Mus. Univ. Tokyo. Bull. 2: 69 (1971)
= Tithymalus griffithii (Hook.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972), isonym
variant :
var. bhutanica (Fisch.) D.G.Long; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44(1): 167 (1986)
Distribution: Bhutan
40 BHU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia sikkimensis subsp. bhutanica Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940: 159 (1940)
species :
Euphorbia grisea Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 41 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce grisea (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia griseola Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 375 (1904)
subspecies :
subsp. griseola
Name: Valley-bush Euphorbia (EN)
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; E-Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo)
26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
subspecies :
subsp. mashonica L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 33: 257 (1967)
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
subspecies :
subsp. zambiensis L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 33: 261 (1967)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia grisophylla Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 25: 94, t. 5 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus grisophyllus (Khan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia grosseri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 288 (1903)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia sacchii Chiov.; Ric. Idrogeol. Bot. Entomol. Somalia Ital. Merid. [Stefanini & Paoli] 1: 1: 160 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia grossheimii (Prokh.) Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 551 (1930)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nachichevan); Iraq (S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (S-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Pakistan (Baluchistan)
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 KUW SAU 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cheirolepioides Rech.f.; Dansk Bot. Ark. 15 4: 48 (1955)
= Euphorbia isthmia Täckh.; Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 26: 374 (1932)
= Euphorbia mariae Tamamsch.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 1: 43 (1944)
= Tithymalus cheirolepioides (Rech.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus grossheimii Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 551 (1930)
= Tithymalus isthmius (Täckh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia guachanca Azara; Voy. Amér. Mér. [1781-1801] 2: 497 (1809)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); Argentina (Catamarca, Tucuman)
83 BOL PER 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia huanchahana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 103 (1862)
= Euphorbia huanchahana subsp. penazuelensis Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 179 (1943)
= Euphorbia huanchahana var. peperomioides Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 179 (1943)
= Euphorbia penicillata (Millsp.) R.E.Schult.; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 14: 29 (1949)
= Tithymalus huanchahanus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 71 (1860)
= Tithymalus penicillatus Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 95 (1925)
species :
Euphorbia guadalajarana S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 449 (1887)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Nayarit, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus guadalajaranus (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia guadalhorcensis Casim.-Sor.Solanas & Hidalgo-Triana; Phytotaxa 579(1): 3 (2022)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
species :
Euphorbia guanarensis Pittier; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 356 (1929)
Distribution: Venezuela (Anzoategui, Portuguesa)
82 VEN
species :
Euphorbia guaraniorum P.Carrillo & V.W.Steinm.; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 68(2): 168 (2011)
Distribution: Paraguay
85 PAR
species :
Euphorbia guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 119 (1944)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala; Honduras
79 MEX 80 GUA HON
species :
Euphorbia gueinzii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 71 (1862)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 LES SAF SWZ
Remarks: sect. Gueinziae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia albovillosa Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 373 (1904)
= Euphorbia gueinzii var. albovillosa (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 252 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia guentheri (Pax) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium guentheri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 89 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia guerichiana Pax ex Engl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 143 (1894)
Name: Paperbark Milkbush (EN)
Distribution: Angola; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, N-Cape Prov.)
26 ANG ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Espinosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia commiphoroides Dinter; Deutsch-Sudw.-Afr.90 (1909)
= Euphorbia frutescens N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 270 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia guiengola W.R.Buck & Huft; J. Arnold Arbor. 58(3): 345 (1977)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia guillauminiana Boiteau; Bull. Trimestriel Acad. Malgache, n. s. 24: 87 (1942)
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Analalava)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia guineensis Brot. ex N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 602 (1912)
Distribution: Guinea
22 GUI
Remarks: status uncertain
species :
Euphorbia gulestanica Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 17: 481 (1981)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Farah)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus gulestanicus (Podlech) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(1): 22 (1983)
species :
Euphorbia gumaroi J.Meyrán; Cact. Suc. Mex. 45(3): 68 (2000)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia gummifera Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 26 (1860)
Distribution: SW-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Tirucalli
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia sessiliflora E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), nomen, non Roxb.
= Tirucalia gummifera (Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia gundlachii Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 392 (1908)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce adenoptera subsp. gundlachii (Urb.) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98 (1966)
= Chamaesyce gundlachii (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 11: 12 (1952)
= Euphorbia adenoptera subsp. gundlachii (Urb.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989)
species :
Euphorbia guntensis Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 201 (1933)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus guntensis Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 55, in clavi, et 201 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia gutierrezii García-Beltrán & J.L.Gómez; Cat. Plantas de Cuba 481 (2024), nom. nov.
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia helenae subsp. grandifolia Borhidi & O.Muñiz; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17(1-2): 11 (1971 publ. 1972)
species :
Euphorbia guyoniana Boiss. & Reut.; Mém. Acad. Natl. Sci. Lyon, Cl. Sci. 1 (Pug. Pl. Nov. Gall.): 109 (1852)
Distribution: S-Morocco; S-Algeria; S-Tunisia; S-Libya
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus guyonianus (Boiss. & Reut.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 82 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia gymnocalycioides M.G.Gilbert & S.Carter; Bradleya 2: 9 (1984)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia gymnoclada Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 20 (1860)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia gymnonota Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 396 (1908)
Distribution: Bahamas (Great Inagua Isl., Crooked and Acklins Isl., Rum Cay Isl., San Salvador Isl.); Turks & Caicos Isl.
81 BAH TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Adenorima gymnonota (Urb.) Millsp.; Bahama Fl. [Britton & Millspaugh] 234 (1920)
= Euphorbiodendron gymnonotum (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia gypsicola Rech.f. & Aellen; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 88: 218 (1951)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus gypsicola (Rech.f. & Aellen) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia gypsophila S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 687 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia hadramautica Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 341 (1894)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Samha Isl.; Soqotra; ?Kenya; Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut, Inner Hadhramaut)
24 ETH SOC SOM 35 OMA YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia napoides Pax; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 6: 187 (1897)
= Euphorbia oblongicaulis Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 1895: 185 (1895)
species :
Euphorbia haeleeleana Herbst; Pacific Sci. 25(4): 489 (1971)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
species :
Euphorbia haematantha Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 63 (1862)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
species :
Euphorbia haevermansii X.Aubriot & Lowry; Phytotaxa 159(3): 225 (2014)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia hainanensis Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 21(4): 505-506 (1940)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia hajhirensis Radcl.-Sm.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 37: t. 3696 (1971)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia halemanui Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 582 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (northwest Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce halemanui (Sherff) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce remyi var. leptopoda (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce remyi var. molesta (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Chamaesyce remyi var. wilkesii (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Euphorbia remyi var. leptopoda Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 582 (1936)
= Euphorbia remyi var. molesta Sherff; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 19 (1938 publ. 1937)
= Euphorbia remyi var. wilkesii Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 587 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia hallii R.A.Dyer; J. S. African Bot. 19: 135 (1953)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia hamaderoensis A.G.Mill.; Ethnofl. Soqotra Archipelago 723 (2004)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia hamata (Haw.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 597 (1818)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Pseudeuphorbium
Synonyms: hidden
= Dactylanthes hamata Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 133 (1812)
= Dactylanthes medusa Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1838)
= Euphorbia cervicornis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 27 (1860)
= Euphorbia peltigera E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 91 (1862)
= Medusea hamata (Haw.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 251 (1859)
variant :
var. pedemontana (L.C.Leach) Bruyns; Euphorbia S. Africa 1: 437 (2022)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pedemontana L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 54(5): 501 (1988)
species :
Euphorbia hammeri K.Bradley & Sadle; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 15: 33 (2021)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
species :
Euphorbia handeniensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 822 (1985)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia handiensis Burchard; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48 (Beibl. 107): 15 (1912)
Name: Jandia-Wolfsmilch (DE); Cardon de Jandia (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura)
21 CNY
species :
Euphorbia hardyi (Rauh) Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488: 60 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia platyclada var. hardyi Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 46 (1970)
= Tirucalia platyclada var. hardyi (Rauh) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia hassallii Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 496 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia haussknechtii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1267 (1866)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Syria (Jazira)
34 SYR TUR
Remarks: helioscopia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia helioscopia Hausskn. ex DC.; Prodr. 15(2,2): 1267 (1866) non L.
= Euphorbia helioscopia var. haussknechtii (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1107 (1879)
= Tithymalus haussknechtii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia hebecarpa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 90 (1846)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN IRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus hebecarpus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 88 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia hedigeriana (Malaisse) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium hedigerianum Malaisse; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 60(3-4): 295 (1990)
species :
Euphorbia hedyotoides N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 515 (1911)
Distribution: S-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia decariana Croizat; Natl. Hort. Mag. 98 (1934)
species :
Euphorbia heishuiensis W.T.Wang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 42 (1988)
Distribution: China (Gansu, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia heldreichii Orph. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(4): 90 (1859)
Distribution: S-Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Evvoia)
13 ALB GRC
Remarks: amygdaloides agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia amygdaloides subsp. heldreichii (Orph. ex Boiss.) Aldén; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 1: 575 (1986)
= Euphorbia heldreichii var. roeseri Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 90 (1859)
= Euphorbia roeseri (Boiss.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 102 (1904)
= Euphorbia semiverticillata Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 103 (1904)
= Tithymalus heldreichii (Orph. ex Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus heldreichii subsp. semiverticillatus (Halácsy) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia helenae Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 393 (1908)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia nipensis Carabia; Ecol. Monogr. 15: 331 (1946)
= Euphorbia shaferi (Millsp.) L.G.Gonzáles & Bisse; Wiss. Z. Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 24(4): 375 (1975)
= Euphorbiodendron helenae (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
= Euphorbiodendron shaferi Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 373 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia heleniana Thell. & Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1916: 201 (1916)
Distribution: St. Helena
28 STH
species :
Euphorbia helioscopia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 459 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. helioscopia
Name: Sonnwend-Wolfsmilch (DE); Madwoman´s milk, Sun Spurge (EN); Lechetrezna mamona (ES)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. almost most islands); Crete; Estonia [I]; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Pico, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma, Fuerteventura); Namibia [I]; South Africa [I]; Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Bamyan, Helmand, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jbel Druze); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Guangdong, Hainan, Xinjiang); Tibet; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (widespread); Nepal; India (Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh; Vietnam; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Kansas [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Tarapacá [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Lagos [I])
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 27 nam saf 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 OMA SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 BAN IND NEP PAK 41 VIE 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 arg cle
Remarks: helioscopia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dominii Rohlena; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1904(38): 83 (1905), et in Magyar Bot. Lapok 3: 233
= Euphorbia helioscopia f. litoralis (Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia helioscopia f. major (Mutel) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia helioscopia f. praecox Junge; Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst. 22(Beih. 3): 181 (1909)
= Euphorbia helioscopia f. purpureomaculata H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 97 (1932)
= Euphorbia helioscopia subsp. dominii (Rohlena) K.Malý; Magyar Bot. Lapok 4(8): 16 (1908)
= Euphorbia helioscopia var. ceretana Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 62 (1936)
= Euphorbia helioscopia var. major Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 3: 150 (1836)
= Euphorbia helioscopia var. pusilla Láng; Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 187 (1824)
= Euphorbia helioscopia var. simplex Hartm.; Handb. Skand. Fl. 189 (1820)
= Euphorbia serrata f. truncata Marcet; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 45: 237 (1947)
= Euphorbion helioscopium (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)
= Galarhoeus helioscopius (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 152 (1812)
= Galarhoeus helioscopius f. litoralis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 238 (1954)
= Galarhoeus helioscopius f. pilosus Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 237 (1954)
= Tithymalus dominii (Rohlena) Chrtek & Krísa; Novit. Bot. Univ. Carol. 6: 72 (1990 publ. 1991)
= Tithymalus helioscopius (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
= Tithymalus helioscopius subsp. dominii (Rohlena) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus obovata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 92 (1840)
= Tithymalus serratus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 207 (1782), opus utique oppr.
subspecies :
subsp. helioscopioides (Loscos & Pardo) O.Bolòs, Font Quer & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 85 (1974)
Name: Kleine Sonnwend-Wolfsmilch (DE); Small Sun Spurge (EN)
Distribution: Spain; Algeria; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos)
12 SPA 20 ALG 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia helioscopia proles helioscopioides (Loscos & J.Pardo) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 142 (1910)
= Euphorbia helioscopia subsp. hiemalis A.P.Khokhr.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 94(6): 96 (1989)
= Euphorbia helioscopia var. caruncula-obsoleta Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1267 (1866)
= Euphorbia helioscopioides Loscos & J.Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 93 (1863)
= Tithymalus helioscopioides (Loscos & J.Pardo) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 428 (1977)
= Tithymalus helioscopius subsp. helioscopioides (Loscos & J.Pardo) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia helleri Millsp.; Bot. Gaz. 26: 268 (1898)
Name: Heller´s spurge
Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Texas); Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Coahuila)
77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus helleri (Millsp.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 719 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia helwigii Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 65 (1929)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce helwigii (Urb. & Ekman) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia henricksonii M.C.Johnst.; Madroño 22(7): 374 (1974)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia hepatica Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 22A(16): 10 (1929), nomen, et in Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 113 (1929), descr.
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic); Navassa Isl.
81 HIS NAV
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce hepatica (Urb. & Ekman) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia heptagona L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 450 (1753)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Anthacantha desmetiana Lem.; Ill. Hort. 5(Misc.): 64 (1858), nom. superfl.
= Euphorbia atrispina N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 342 (1915)
= Euphorbia atrispina var. viridis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 964 (1941)
= Euphorbia enopla Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 27 (1860)
= Euphorbia enopla var. dentata A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 95 (1906)
= Euphorbia enopla var. viridis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 964 (1941)
= Euphorbia heptagona var. dentata (A.Berger) N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 351 (1915)
= Euphorbia heptagona var. fulvispina A.Berger; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 109 (1902)
= Euphorbia heptagona var. ramosa A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 964 (1941)
= Euphorbia heptagona var. subsessilis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 964 (1941)
= Euphorbia heptagona var. viridis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 964 (1941)
= Euphorbia morinii A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 98 (1907 publ. 1906)
species :
Euphorbia heptapotamica Golosk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 10: 32 (1977)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Euphorbia heraldiana (Millsp.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989)
Distribution: NE-Mexico
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce heraldiana Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
= Euphorbia glaberrima Klotzsch; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 276 (1853) (non K. Koch 1848)
species :
Euphorbia herbacea (Pax) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium herbaceum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 241 (1910)
species :
Euphorbia herbstii (Wagner) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce herbstii W.L.Wagner; Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 28: 75 (1988)
species :
Euphorbia herman-schwartzii Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 63(5): 246 (1991)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia herniariifolia Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 902 (1800)
Distribution: Albania; Greece (mountains of NW-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos, Evvoia, Attiki); Crete (mountains); East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Ikaria, Samos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); USA [I] (Maryland [I])
13 ALB GRC KRI 34 CYP EAI SYR TUR 78 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cikaea F.K.Mey.; Haussknechtia Beih. 15: 96 (2011) [fide Pils (2016)]
= Euphorbia herniariifolia var. hebecarpa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 155 (1862)
= Euphorbia pumila Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 1: 324 (1809)
= Euphorbia pycnophylla K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 17 (1846)
= Tithymalus herniariifolius (Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 87 (1860)
= Tithymalus pumilus (Sm.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 87 (1860)
variant :
var. glaberrima Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 109 (1904)
Distribution: Greece; Crete; Turkey
13 GRC KRI 34 TUR
species :
Euphorbia herrei A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 196 2: App. A, 962 (1941)
Distribution: SW-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia herrei (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia hervei Houyelle; Euphorbia World 18(2): 47 (2023)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia heteradena Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 42, t. 131 (1845)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran)
33 ARM AZE NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Remarks: sect. Chylogala
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia coriacea K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 730 (1848)
= Euphorbia froedinii Rech.f.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 2, 5: 48, t. 24 (1952)
= Euphorbia ispahanica Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 91 (1846)
= Euphorbia kurioca Bornm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 47: 61 (1939), in obs., pro syn.
= Euphorbia megalantha Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 95 (1846)
= Euphorbia megalantha var. denticulata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 112 (1862)
= Euphorbia megalantha var. gracilis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 112 (1862)
= Euphorbia megalantha var. hirtiflora Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 112 (1862)
= Euphorbia persica C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 111 (1862)
= Tithymalus heteradenus (Jaub. & Spach) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus ispahanicus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 89 (1860)
= Tithymalus megalanthus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 91 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia heterochroma Pax; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 242 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. heterochroma
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia heterochroma var. mitis (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 572 (1911)
= Euphorbia impervia A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 64 (1907 publ. 1906)
= Euphorbia mitis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 70 (1904)
= Euphorbia stuhlmannii Schweinf. ex Volkens; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 267 (1899) (non Pax)
subspecies :
subsp. tsavoensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 387 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia heterodoxa Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 701 (1873)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia foliiflua Ule; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 225 (1908)
species :
Euphorbia heterophylla L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 453 (1753)
Name: Knick-Wolfsmilch (DE); Mexican Fireplant (EN); Lechecillo, Acerca amor (ES); Joseph´s Coat (Trinidad & Tobago)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Sicily [I]; Malta [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Algeria [I]; Libya [I]; Egypt [I] (Desert Oases [I], Great Southwestern Desert [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; São Tomé [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; Chad [I]; Sudan [I]; South Sudan [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Rhodos [I]); Lebanon [I] (coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], Rift Valley [I], N-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (Hejaz [I]); Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; Oman [I] (Dhofar [I]); China [I] (Sichuan [I], Yunnan [I], Guangdong [I]); Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Bonin Isl. [I] (Hahajima [I]); Volcano Isl. [I] (Iwojima [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [I]; India [I] (throughout in tropical regions); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Maldives [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I], Timor [I]); East Timor [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] ; Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Niihau [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA (Alabama [I], Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Revillagigedos Isl. [I] (Isla Socorro [I]); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Martin/St. Maarten; Saba; St. Eustatius; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Nariño, Quindío, Tolima, Valle); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Tachira, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana [I]; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Paraguari); Uruguay (Canelones, Colonia, Salto); Argentina (Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
11 ger 13 grc kri mlt sic tue 20 alg egy lby 21 cny cvi 22 ben bkn gui tog 23 caf cmn con gab sao zai 24 cha ssu sud 26 moz zam zim 27 bot nam saf 29 mau reu 34 eai isr leb sin 35 oma qat sau uae 36 chi 38 kzn nns oga tai 40 ban ind ldv mdv nep pak 41 cbd lao tha vie 42 bor jaw lsi mly nwg phi scs sng sul xms 50 aus lhi 60 nwc sam van 63 haw 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX rgi 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU BAH BBD CAY CUB DOM GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SAB STE STL STM STV TCI TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM frg GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma angustifolia Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 117 (1838)
= Cyathophora ciliata Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 117 (1836)
= Cyathophora heterophylla (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 117 (1836)
= Cyathophora picta Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 117 (1836)
= Euphorbia angustifolia Lockh. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 73 (1862)
= Euphorbia angustifolia Lockh. ex G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 3: 598 (1839), nomen
= Euphorbia calyciflora Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 123 (1894)
= Euphorbia epilobiifolia W.T.Wang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 46, f. 4, 1-3 (1988)
= Euphorbia frangulifolia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 62 (1817)
= Euphorbia geniculata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Ortega; Nov. Pl. Descr. Dec. 2: 18 (1797)
= Euphorbia heterophylla f. hirticaulis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 286 (1898)
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. brasiliensis Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 695 (1874)
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. eriocarpa Millsp.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 2: 230 (1889)
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. geniculata (Ortega) M.Gómez; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 46 (1894)
= Euphorbia heterophylla var. linifolia Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 605 (1891)
= Euphorbia linifolia Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 53 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia lockhartii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 613 (1841), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia morisoniana Klotzsch; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 100 (1853)
= Euphorbia pandurata Huber; Cat. Gen. 1871-1872: 3 (1871)
= Euphorbia prunifolia f. silvatica Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 679 (1905)
= Euphorbia prunifolia Jacq.; Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 115, t. 277 (1798)
= Euphorbia prunifolia var. angustifolia Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 695 (1874)
= Euphorbia prunifolia var. repanda Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 694 (1874)
= Euphorbia taiwaniana S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 2: 685 (1987)
= Euphorbia trachyphylla A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 198 (1850)
= Poinsettia frangulifolia (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
= Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
= Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
= Poinsettia morisoniana (Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
= Poinsettia prunifolia (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
= Poinsettia ruiziana Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
= Poinsettia taiwaniana (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 761 (1992)
= Tithymalus heterophyllus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 141 (1812)
= Tithymalus prunifolius (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 143 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia heteropodum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 374 (1904)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium guentheri var. mamillare P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 35 (1959)
= Monadenium heteropodum (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 453 (1911)
variant :
var. formosa (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium heteropodum var. formosum (P.R.O.Bally) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 916 (1987)
= Monadenium schubei var. formosum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 36 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia heterospina S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 389 (1987)
subspecies :
subsp. heterospina
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya
25 KEN UGA
subspecies :
subsp. baringoensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 390 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia hexadenia Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 49 (1921)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia daphnoides Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: (1887) 671 (non Balf.f. 1877)
species :
Euphorbia hexagona Nutt. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 791 (1826)
Name: Sixangle spurge
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming)
73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia heterantha Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 171 (1835)
= Zalitea linearis Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 99 (1838)
= Zygophyllidium hexagonum (Nutt. ex Spreng.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 714 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia hexagonoides S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 161 (1890)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia heyligersiana P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 4(2): 251 (1994)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Euphorbia heyneana Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 791 (1826)
subspecies :
subsp. heyneana
Distribution: Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Seychelles [I]; China (Fujian, etc.); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Pakistani Punjab, Jhelum); India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Laos; Vietnam; Java
29 mau reu rod sey 36 CHI 40 BAN IND LDV PAK 41 LAO MYA VIE 42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce heyneana (Spreng.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce heyneana subsp. galioides (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 453 (1977)
= Chamaesyce orbiculata subsp. galioides (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Euphorbia bombaiensis Santapau; Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 8: 17 (1954), reimpr.
= Euphorbia chamaesyce Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. (36) (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 473 (1832), nom. illeg., non L.
= Euphorbia dissimilis Cordem.; Fl. Réunion [Cordemoy] 336 (1895)
= Euphorbia galioides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 14 (1860)
= Euphorbia heyneana subsp. galioides (Boiss.) Panigrahi; Kew Bull. 29(4): 697 (1974 publ. 1975)
= Euphorbia microphylla B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 229 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia orbiculata Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 421 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia serpens var. indica Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 30 (1862)
= Euphorbia wallichiana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 30 (1862), pro syn.
subspecies :
subsp. nilagirica (Miq) Panigrahi; Kew Bull. 29(4): 697 (1974 publ. 1975)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Conservation Status: known only from type
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce heyneana subsp. nilagirica (Miq.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 454 (1977)
= Chamaesyce orbiculata subsp. nilagirica (Miq.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Euphorbia nilagirica Miq.; Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Ser. 3, 5: 17 (1852)
= Euphorbia sanguinea var. nilagirica (Miq.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 35 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia hiernii (Croizat) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elaeophorbia hiernii Croizat; Desert Pl. Life 8: 102 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia hieroglyphica Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 144 (1862)
Distribution: Algeria; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz); Kuwait
20 ALG 35 KUW SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus hieroglyphicus (Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia hieronymi Subils; Kurtziana 10: 221 (1977), nom. nov.
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Chubut, Cordoba, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro, San Juan, San Luis)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dioica f. parvifolia Hieron.; Icon. Descr. Pl. [Hieronymus] 1: 47 (1885)
= Euphorbia dioica Hieron.; Icon. Descr. Pl. [Hieronymus] 46 (1885), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia hieronymi f. parvifolia (Hieron.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Tithymalus hieronymi (Subils) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia hierosolymitana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 110 (1853)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Adzharia); Turkey (SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
33 GEO 34 ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR
Remarks: bivonae agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dumosa Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 110 (1853), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia louisii J.Thiébaut; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 95: 19 (1948)
= Euphorbia mucronata E.D.Clarke; Travels Eur. Asia & Africa 2: 260 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia thamnoides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 33 (1860)
= Euphorbia thamnoides var. hierosolymitana (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 131 (1862)
= Tithymalus dumosus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 70 (1860)
= Tithymalus louisii (J.Thiébaut) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus thamnoides (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
variant :
var. ramanensis (B.R.Baum) Zohary; Fl. Palaest. [Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan] 2: 277 (1972)
Distribution: Israel; Sinai peninsula; Jordania
34 ISR JOR SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ramanensis B.R.Baum; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110: 49 (1963)
species :
Euphorbia hindsiana Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 51, t. 24 (1844)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia californica var. hindsiana (Benth.) Wiggins; Contr. Dudley Herb. 4: 346 (1955)
= Trichosterigma hindsianum (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia hinkleyorum I.M.Johnst.; Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 72 (1924)
Distribution: Peru; Argentina (Jujuy, Salta)
83 PER 85 ARG
Remarks: to be expected in Bolivia
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus hinkleyorum (Johnst.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia hintonii L.C.Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 65 (1939)
Distribution: Mexico (Mexico State, Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia hirsuta L.; Amoen. Acad., Linnaeus ed. 4: 483 (1759)
Name: Haarige Wolfsmilch (DE); Hairy Spurge (EN); Lechero (ES)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (scattered lowlands, incl. Kiklades, Ionian Isl., Kerkyra); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Canary Isl. (Tenerife, Gran Canaria); South Africa [I]; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Ikaria, Samos, Leros, Kos, Rhodos); Turkey; Iraq; Cyprus; Lebanon; Syria; Palestine
12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA SIC SLV SRB TUE 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 CNY 27 saf 33 GEO 34 CYP EAI IRQ LEB PAL SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bonae Mutel; Fl. Franç. [Mutel] 3: 150 (1836)
= Euphorbia crispata Willd. ex Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn., Suppl. 58 (1819)
= Euphorbia erioclada Sart. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia gussoneana Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 334 (1907)
= Euphorbia hirsuta f. crispata (Willd. ex Hornem.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992)
= Euphorbia hirsuta f. glabrescens (St.-Lag.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia hirsuta f. integrifolia (Deysson) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia hirsuta f. laevis (Merino) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia hirsuta f. serrata (Lojac.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia hirsuta f. serrulatifolia (Deysson) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia hirsuta f. subglabra (Gren. & Godr.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia hirsuta var. leucotricha (Boiss.) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their Geogr. Distrib. 5 (1990)
= Euphorbia hirsuta var. subglabra (Gren. & Godr.) Nebot, De la Torre, Mateo & Alcaraz; Anales Biol., Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia 16: 110 (1990)
= Euphorbia leucotricha Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 565, t. 160 (1842)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. pubescens (Vahl) Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 2: 148 (1922)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. flavopurpurea Willk.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 112 (1875)
= Euphorbia pubescens f. subglabra (Gren. & Godr.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 85 (1974)
= Euphorbia pubescens Jacq.; Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1(7-8): 98, t. 66 (1815)
= Euphorbia pubescens subvar. integrifolia Deysson; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 62: 33 (1907)
= Euphorbia pubescens subvar. serrulatifolia Deysson; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 62: 33 (1907)
= Euphorbia pubescens Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 55 (1791)
= Euphorbia pubescens var. crispata (Willd. ex Hornem.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 135 (1862)
= Euphorbia pubescens var. erioclada Sart. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881), nomen
= Euphorbia pubescens var. glabrescens St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 9 (Cat. Fl. Bass. Rhône): 665 (1882)
= Euphorbia pubescens var. laevis Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 2: 532 (1906)
= Euphorbia pubescens var. leucotricha (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 134 (1862)
= Euphorbia pubescens var. serrata Lojac.; Fl. Sicul. [Lojacono] 2(2): 333 (1907)
= Euphorbia pubescens var. subglabra Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 79 (1855)
= Euphorbia pubescens var. subglabra Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 79 (1855)
= Euphorbia sera-comans Bubani; Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. 9: 95 (1843)
= Euphorbia vahliana Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2(2): 829 (1844), nom. superfl.
= Euphorbia vahlii J.Jacq.; Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: 99 (1815), nom. superfl.
= Galarhoeus pubescens (Vahl) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 149 (1869)
= Tithymalus caesalpinii Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 112 (1897)
= Tithymalus mucronata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 91 (1840)
= Tithymalus pubescens (Vahl) Samp.; Anais Fac. Sci. Porto 17: 46 (1931)
= Tithymalus sera-comans (Bubani) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 111 (1897)
species :
Euphorbia hirta L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 454 (1753)
Name: Male Malomay, Malomay, Milk Head, Milk Weed, Queensland Asthma Plant (Trinidad & Tobago); Pillpod sandmat, Lechecillo
Distribution: Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha da Boa Vista [I], Ilha de Maio [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Gambia [I]; Guinea-Bissau [I]; Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; Chad [I]; Sudan [I]; South Sudan [I]; Angola [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] [I] (Île Europa [I], Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Mauritius [I] (incl. Cargados Carajos Isl. [I], Tromelin Isl. [I]); La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Îles Glorieuses [I]; Aldabra [I] (Aldabra Isl. [I], Asuncio Isl. [I], Cosmoledo Isl. [I], Astove Isl. [I], Providence Isl. [I], Farquhar Isl. [I]); Agalega Isl. [I]; Seychelles [I] (incl. Remire Isl. [I], Desroches Isl. [I], Darros Isl. [I]); Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); Iraq [I] (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia [I]); Lebanon [I] (coastal W-Lebanon [I]); Syria [I] (NW-Syria [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], Rift Valley [I], N-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I], S-Sinai [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (Hejaz [I]); Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; Yemen [I] (W-Yemen [I]); China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Guizhou [I], Hainan [I], Hunan [I], Jiangxi [I], Sichuan [I], Yunnan [I]); Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I], Izu Isl. [I]); Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Bonin Isl. [I] (Chichijima [I], Keetaajima [I], Anijima [I], Hahajima [I], Mukohjima [I], Hirashima [I]); Volcano Isl. [I] (Kita-Iwojima [I], Iwojima [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [I]; India [I] (throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Maldives [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I] (incl. Barren Isl. [I]); Nicobar Isl. [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; Sumatra [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] ; etc.); East Timor [I]; Cocos [Keeling] Isl. [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Bismarck Arch. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I] (Late Isl. [I], Tongatapu [I], ´Eua [I], Vava´u [I], Tafahi [I], Niuatoputapu [I]); Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; American Samoa [I] (Ta´u [I], Tutuila [I], Aunu´u [I]); [Western] Samoa [I] (Aleipata Isl. [I], ´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); Tokelau [I] (Nukunonu [I], Swains Isl. [I]); Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I], Enderbury [I], Orona [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Butaritari [I], Tarawa [I], Tabiteuea [I]); Nauru [I]; Line Isl. [I] (Washington [I], Fanning [I]); N-Line Isl. [I] (Palmyra Atoll [I], Teraina [I], Tabueran [I], Kiritimati [I]); S-Line Isl. [I] (Caroline Atoll [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (widespread, incl. Rarotonga [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Fatu Hiva [I], Hiva Oa [I], Hatutaa [I], Ua Huka [I], Ua Pou [I], Tahuata [I], Mohotani [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Mopelia Atoll [I], Tahiti [I], Moorea [I], Tetiaroa Atoll [I], Raiatea [I], Maupiti [I], Tupai [I]); Gambier Isl. [I] (Mangareva [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I], Rangiroa Atoll [I], Takapoto Atoll [I], Niau [I], etc. [I]); Austral Isl. [I] (Rurutu [I], Tubuai [I]); Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Marcus Isl. [Minami-Torishima] [I]; Palau [I] (Babeldaob [I], Koror [I], Ngarakabesang [I], Malakal [I], Urukthapel [I], Ngeanges [I], Angaur [I], Tobi [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Asuncion [I], Agrihan [I], Pagan [I], Alamagan [I], Sarigan [I], Anatahan [I], Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Ulithi [I], Fais [I], Woleai [I], Faraulep [I], Namonuito [I], Murilo [I], Truk [I], Moen [I], Dublon [I], Udot [I], Piis [I], Satawan [I], Pohnpei [I], Kosrae [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Enewetok [I], Utirik [I], Kwajalein [I], Jemo [I], Likiep [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kure Isl. [I], Midway Isl. [I], French Frigate Shoals [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA (Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Mexico, New York, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Isla del Coco; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Navassa Isl.; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); St. Barthélémy; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Quindío, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle, Vichada); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Acre); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Central); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Salta); Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I]); Desventuradas Isl.
20 egy 21 cvi 22 ben bkn gam gnb gui tog 23 ann bio caf con gab pri sao zai 24 cha ssu sud 26 ang moz zam zim 27 bot saf swz 28 asc 29 aga ald cgs mau reu rod sey 34 irq isr leb sin syr 35 qat sau uae yem 36 chi 38 jap kzn nns oga tai 40 ban ind ldv mdv nep pak 41 and cbd lao mya ncb tha vie 42 bor cki jaw lsi mly nwg phi scs sng sul sum xms 43 bis 50 aus 51 nzl 60 asa fij gil nru nue nwc phx rot sam tok ton van 61 aui coo eas gbi lin mrq pit sci tua 62 gum mcu mic mrn mrs plu wak 63 haw 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX RGI 80 BLZ COC COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA ARU BBD BON CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS NAV PUE SBA STE STK STL STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG cle DSV PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce gemella (Lag.) Small; Fl. Miami [Small] 110 (1913)
= Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 303 (1909)
= Chamaesyce hirta f. glaberrima (Koidz.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 279 (1954)
= Chamaesyce hirta f. litoralis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 278 (1954)
= Chamaesyce hirta var. glaberrima (Koidz.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 120 (1940)
= Chamaesyce hirta var. laeticincta Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 188 (1943)
= Chamaesyce karwinskyi (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 407 (1916)
= Chamaesyce pekinensis var. glaberrima (Koidz.) Makino & Nemoto; Fl. Japan. [Makino & Nemoto] 644 (1925)
= Chamaesyce pilulifera var. glaberrima (Koidz.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 356 (1938)
= Chamaesyce rosei Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 402 (1916)
= Desmonema hirta (L.) Raf.; Atlantic J. 178 (1833)
= Ditrita hirta (L.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 115 (1838)
= Euphorbia bancana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 463 (1861)
= Euphorbia capitata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 422 (1788)
= Euphorbia chrysochaeta W.Fitzg.; J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 162 (1918)
= Euphorbia gemella Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 17 (1816)
= Euphorbia globulifera Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 56 (1817)
= Euphorbia hirta var. destituta L.C.Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 70 (1939)
= Euphorbia hirta var. glaberrima Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33: 118 (1919)
= Euphorbia karwinskyi Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 6 (1860)
= Euphorbia nodiflora Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 613 (1841)
= Euphorbia obliterata Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 22 (1760)
= Euphorbia pilulifera f. humifusa Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 312 (1927)
= Euphorbia pilulifera f. rubromaculata Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 312 (1927)
= Euphorbia pilulifera f. viridis Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 312 (1927)
= Euphorbia pilulifera var. arechavaletae Herter; Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo, Ser. 2, 1: 71 (1911)
= Euphorbia pilulifera var. discolor Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 188 (1859)
= Euphorbia pilulifera var. glabrescens Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 426 (1917)
= Euphorbia pilulifera var. guaranitica Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 679 (1905)
= Euphorbia pilulifera var. hirta (L.) Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 425 (1917)
= Euphorbia pilulifera var. obliterata (Jacq.) Hitchc.; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 127 (1893)
= Euphorbia verticillata Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 202 (1829), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia hirtella Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 7 (1860)
Distribution: N-Brazil; WC-Brazil; SE-Brazil; S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Florida Prov., Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Corrientes)
84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce hirtella (Boiss.) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 185 (1943)
= Chamaesyce hirtella (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40(5): 391 (1978), isonym
= Euphorbia hirtella var. brevifolia Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 679 (1874)
= Euphorbia hirtella var. longifolia Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 678 (1874)
= Euphorbia hirtella var. pusilla Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 679 (1874)
species :
Euphorbia hislopii N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913(8): 304 (1913)
Distribution: C-Madagascar (Antananarivo)
29 MDG
Remarks: milii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia milii var. hislopii (N.E.Br.) Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 148 (1954 publ. 1955)
= Euphorbia milii var. vulcani (Leandri) Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 148 (1954 publ. 1955), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia splendens var. breonii Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 159 (1946), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia splendens var. breonii Leandri ex J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Euphorbia World 16(3): 18 (2020)
= Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (N.E.Br.) Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 159 (1946)
= Euphorbia splendens var. vulcani Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 159 (1946), no Latin descr.
= Euphorbia splendens var. vulcani Leandri ex J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Euphorbia World 16(3): 17 (2020)
= Euphorbia vulcani (Leandri ex J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon) J.-P.Castillon; Euphorbia World 18(2): 34 (2023)
= Euphorbia vulcani var. breonii (Leandri ex J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon) J.-P.Castillon; Euphorbia World 18(2): 34 (2023)
= Euphorbia vulcani var. breonii (Leandri ex J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon) J.-P.Castillon; Euphorbia World 18(2): 34 (2023)
species :
Euphorbia hispaniolensis García-Beltrán; Cat. Plantas de Cuba 481 (2024), nom. nov.
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce adenoptera subsp. canescens Proctor; Moscosoa 2: 23 (1983)
= Euphorbia adenoptera subsp. canescens (Proctor) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 183 (1992)
species :
Euphorbia hispida Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 8 (1860)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); Kuwait; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Dir, Chitral, Hazara, Murree, Swat, Astor, Gilgit, Baltistan); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh
34 AFG 35 KUW 40 BAN IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce emodi (Hook.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce hispida (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 454 (1977)
= Euphorbia calliadena Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 37 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia emodi Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 250 (1887)
species :
Euphorbia hockii De Wild.; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 3: 265 (1911)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Euphorbia hoffmanniana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 99 (1862)
Distribution: Costa Rica
80 COS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbiastrum hoffmannianum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 252 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia hofstaetteri Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64(3): 112 (1992)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
species :
Euphorbia holmesiae Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64(4): 195 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia holochlorina Rizzini; Revista Brasil. Biol. 49(4): 983 (1989 publ. 1990)
Distribution: NE-Brazil; SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia hondurana Standl. & L.O.Williams; Ceiba 1: 150 (1950)
Distribution: Honduras
80 HON
species :
Euphorbia hooveri L.C.Wheeler; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 9 (1940)
Name: Hoover´s sandmat
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce hooveri (L.C.Wheeler) Koutnik; Madroño 32(3): 188 (1985)
species :
Euphorbia hormorrhiza Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 32(2): 482 (1978), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Poinsettia coccinea Dressler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 336 (1962)
species :
Euphorbia horwoodii S.Carter & Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50(1): 28 (1978)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia hsinchuensis (Lin & Chaw) C.Y.Wu & J.S.Ma; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 15(2): 115 (1993)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce hsinchuensis Lin & Chaw; Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 32: 238, f. 13 & 14 (1991)
species :
Euphorbia hubertii Pax; Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 89(2b): 1 (1911 publ. 1912)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia humayensis Brandegee; Zoe 5: 208 (1905)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora, Yucatan); Venezuela (Bolívar, Guarico, Sucre)
79 MEX 82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus humayensis (Brandegee) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia humbertii Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 28 (1921)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia humifusa Willd.; Enum. Pl. [Willdenow], Suppl. 27 (1814)
Name: Niederliegende Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE); Tartago prostrado (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Poland [I]; Hungary [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Romania [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I] (Thasos [I], Kiklades [I]); Belarus; E-European Russia; Moldova; S-Ukraine; Crimea; Canary Isl. [I] (Tenerife [I]); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; ?Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia); Iran (N-Iran); China; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Waziristan)
11 aut ger hun lie pol swi 12 cor fra sar spa 13 cro grc ita rom sic slv tue 14 BLR KRY MLD RUS UKR 21 cny 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 40 PAK
Remarks: native area somewhat uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum humifusum (Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 21 (1860)
= Chamaesyce humifusa (Willd.) F.C.Ho; Trop. Pl. Taiwan Colour 3: 355 (1982) (without basionym ref.)
= Chamaesyce humifusa (Willd.) Prokh.; Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 6: 195 (1927)
= Chamaesyce humifusa f. glabra (Thell.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 291 (1954)
= Chamaesyce humifusa f. pilosa (Thell.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 291 (1954)
= Chamaesyce humifusa var. glabra (Thell.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 510 (1935)
= Chamaesyce humifusa var. pilosa (Thell.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 510 (1935)
= Chamaesyce humifusa var. pseudochamaesyce (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 288 (1954)
= Chamaesyce tashiroi (Hayata) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 356 (1938)
= Euphorbia chamaesyce C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 196 (1833), nom. illeg., non L.
= Euphorbia chamaesyce var. glabra C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 196 (1833), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia chamaesyce var. pilosa C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 196 (1833), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia confusa Blume ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 30 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia goeringii Steud. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 30 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia humifusa f. glabra (Thell.) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 198 (1962)
= Euphorbia humifusa f. pilosa (Thell.) S.Z.Liou; Fl. Liaoningica 1: 1016 (1988)
= Euphorbia humifusa var. glabra Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 449 (1917)
= Euphorbia humifusa var. pilosa Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 449 (1917)
= Euphorbia humifusa var. pseudochamaesyce (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20: 198 (1962)
= Euphorbia polygonisperma Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 75 (1855)
= Euphorbia pseudochamaesyce f. pilosa (C.A.Mey.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 430 (1979)
= Euphorbia pseudochamaesyce Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 9: 73 (1842)
= Euphorbia tashiroi Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 104 (1920)
= Euphorbia thymifolia Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 196 (1784)
= Tithymalus humifusus (Willd.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 116 (1897), no basionym ref.
species :
Euphorbia humilis C.A.Mey.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 25 (1830)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia korovinii Pavlov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 42: 129 (1933)
= Tithymalus humilis (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 67 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia humistrata Engelm. ex A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 2: 386 (1856)
Name: Spreading sandmat
Distribution: S-Spain [I]; Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida [I], Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland [I], Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, New Jersey [I], Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
12 spa 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum humistratum (Engelm. ex A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 26 (1860)
= Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex A.Gray) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 713 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia hunzikeri Subils; Kurtziana 8: 71 (1975)
Distribution: Argentina (Salta, Tucuman)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce hunzikeri (Subils) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 425 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia huttoniae N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 316 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia inermis var. huttoniae (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 395 (1941)
= Euphorbia superans Nel ex A.G.J.Herre; Desert Pl. Life 22: 15 (1950)
species :
Euphorbia hyberna L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 462 (1753)
Name: Irish Spurge (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I]); Ireland (SW-Ireland, Northern Ireland [I]); Portugal; Spain; France
10 grb IRE 12 FRA POR SPA
Remarks: see also E. canuti and E. insularis which are often included here as subspecies
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia carniolica Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 272 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia emarginata Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 145 (1789), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia hibernica Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 800 (1826), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia lusitanica Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 613 (1841)
= Galarhoeus emarginatus (Aiton) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 145 (1812)
= Galarhoeus hybernus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 145 (1812)
= Tithymalus hybernus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia hylonoma Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(2): 230-231 (1931)
Distribution: Siberia (Chita); Russian Far East (Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hubei, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Yunnan, Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan); North Korea; South Korea
30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia fischeriana f. pilosa (Regel) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 184 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia fischeriana var. komaroviana (Prokh.) G.L.Chu; Fl. Pl. Herb. Chin. Bor.-Or. 6: 40 (1977)
= Euphorbia fischeriana var. pilosa (Regel) Kitag.; Lin. Fl. Manshur. 303 (1939)
= Euphorbia komaroviana Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 343-344, pl. 18: 2 (1949)
= Euphorbia pallasii f. pilosa Regel; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 4(4): 128 (1861)
= Euphorbia pallasii var. komaroviana (Prokh.) S.Z.Liu; Clav. Pl. Chin. Bor.-Or., ed. 2 (ed. P. Y. Fu) 385 (1995), isonym
= Euphorbia pallasii var. komaroviana (Prokh.) Y.C.Zhu; Pl. Medic. Chinae Bor.-orient. 682 (1989)
= Euphorbia pallasii var. pilosa Regel; Tent. Fl. Ross. 128 (1861)
= Galarhoeus fischerianus var. pilosus (Regel) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 1: (1948)
= Galarhoeus pallasii f. pilosus (Regel) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 239 (1954)
= Tithymalus komaroviana Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 343, 734 (1949), nom. altern.
species :
Euphorbia hypericifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 454 (1753)
Name: Yerba nina, Euforbia blanca (ES); Graceful sandmat (EN); Johanniskrautblättrige Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Hierro [I], Tenerife [I], Gran Canaria [I], Fuerteventura [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I]); Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Central African Republic [I]; Chad [I]; Mozambique [I]; +Ascension Isl. [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Tilos [I], Simi [I], Chalki [I], Kasos [I], Ikaria [I], Rhodos [I], Karpathos [I]); Iraq [I] (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia [I]); Israel [I] (N-Israel [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (NE-Saudi Arabia [I], Asir [I], Hejaz [I]); Bahrain [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; Oman [I] (Dhofar [I], Mascat & Oman [I]); Yemen [I] (coastal Hadhramaut [I], SW-Yemen [I], Tihama [I], W-Yemen [I]); China [I] (Hainan [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Guizhou [I], Jiangxi [I], Hunan [I], Yunnan [I], Sichuan [I], Fujian [I]); Taiwan [I]; Nepal [I]; India [I] (throughout in tropical regions); Maldives [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; Sumatra [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I], Timor [I], etc.); East Timor [I]; New Guinea [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; American Samoa [I] (Ta´u [I], Tutuila [I]); [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I], Enderbury [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Butaritari [I], Tarawa [I]); N-Line Isl. [I] (Palmyra Atoll [I], Kiritimati [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Aitutaki [I], Penrhyn [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I]); Easter Isl. [I]; Palau [I] (Babeldaob [I], Angaur [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Ulithi [I], Namoluk [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I], Majuro [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kure Isl. [I], Midway Isl. [I], French Frigate Shoals [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA (Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Navassa Isl.; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola); St. Kitts; Antigua; Barbuda; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Nariño, Quindío, Risaralda, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Guarico, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (São Paulo); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Rio Negro, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman); Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I])
11 ger 20 egy 21 cny cvi 22 bkn gui 23 caf con 24 cha 26 moz 28 asc 29 mau reu 34 eai irq isr 35 bar oma sau uae yem 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban ind mdv nep 41 and lao ncb tha vie 42 bor jaw lsi mly nwg phi scs sng sul sum 60 asa fij gil nue phx sam van 61 coo eas lin sci 62 mic mrs plu wak 63 haw 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA ARU BAH BBD BON CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS MAR NAV PUE STK STL STV TCI TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG cle PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum hypericifolium (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 161 (1812)
= Anisophyllum hyssopifolium Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 23 (1862) non (L.) Haw.
= Chamaesyce boliviana (Rusby) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 27: 291 (1946)
= Chamaesyce glomerifera Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 377 (1913)
= Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 302 (1909)
= Ditrita obliqua Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 115 (1838)
= Euphorbia boliviana Rusby; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 442 (1907)
= Euphorbia glomerifera (Millsp.) L.C.Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 78 (1939)
= Euphorbia hypericifolia var. maculata Klotzsch; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 276 (1856)
= Euphorbia papilligera Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 8 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia hypogaea Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 2: 37 (1910)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia hyrcana Grossh.; Trudy Tbilissk. Bot. Sada, Ser. 2, 1: 7 (1920)
Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh)
33 AZE
species :
Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1048 (1759)
Name: Hyssopleaf sandmat, Pica pollo, Yerba lechera, Yerba lechosa (Cuba)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Greece [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I]); Guinea-Bissau [I]; Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Gabon [I]; Chad [I]; Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Bonin Isl. [I]; Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I]); Vanuatu [I]; American Samoa [I] (Tutuila [I]); [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Manono [I]); Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas, Utah); Bermuda; Revillagigedos Isl. [I] (Isla Socorro [I]); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana,St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola); St. Barthélémy; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao. Mexico (Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Quindío, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amapa, Amazonas, Tocantins, Acre); NE-Brazil (Paraíba, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Cordillera, Paraguari); Uruguay (Artigas, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Salto); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, San Juan, Tucuman)
11 ger 13 grc 20 egy 21 cvi 22 ben bkn gnb gui tog 23 ann cmn gab pri sao 24 cha 38 nns oga tai 40 ind 50 aus 60 asa sam van 63 haw 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX rgi 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA ARU BAH BER BON CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MTS PUE SBA STL STV TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum hyssopifolium (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 161 (1812)
= Chamaesyce brasiliensis (Lam.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 712 (1903)
= Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 429 (1905)
= Chamaesyce jenningsii Millsp. ex Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 465 (1916)
= Chamaesyce jonesii (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Chamaesyce nirurioides Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 394 (1914)
= Euphorbia blanchetii Miq. ex Boiss.; Linnaea 22: 797 (1850)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis f. angustior Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 680 (1905)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis f. latior Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 680 (1905)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis f. major Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 680 (1905)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis f. pruinosa Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 399 (1901)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis f. subsessilis Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 681 (1905)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 423 (1786)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis var. blanchetii (Miq. ex Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 24 (1862)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis var. hyssopifolia (L.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 24 (1862)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis var. paraguayensis Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 399 (1901)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis var. pruinosa (Chodat) Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 681 (1905)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis var. pulchella (Kunth) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 24 (1862)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis var. uniflora Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 681 (1905)
= Euphorbia domingensis Spreng. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 24 (1862)
= Euphorbia hypericifolia var. falciformis Klotzsch; London J. Bot. 2: 42 (1843)
= Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. blanchetii (Miq. ex Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992)
= Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. paraguayensis (Chodat) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992)
= Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pruinosa (Chodat) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992)
= Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pubescenticocca Christenh.; Harvard Pap. Bot. 7: 6 (2002)
= Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. pulchella (Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia hyssopifolia var. uniflora (Chodat & Hassl.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992)
= Euphorbia jonesii Millsp.; Pittonia 2: 89 (1890)
= Euphorbia klotzschiana Miq.; Stirp. Surinam. Select. 95 (1851)
= Euphorbia nirurioides (Millsp.) Fawc. & Rendle; Fl. Jamaica [Fawcett & Rendle] 4: 339 (1920)
= Euphorbia pubescenticocca (Christenh.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 128 (2018)
= Euphorbia pulchella Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 56 (1817), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia serrulata Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 203 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia stenomeres S.F.Blake; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 13 (1922)
species :
Euphorbia iancannellii Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium cannellii L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 1(1-2): 35 (1973)
species :
Euphorbia iberica Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 38 (1860)
Name: Georgische Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
11 ger 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia iberica var. intermedia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 163 (1862)
= Euphorbia intermedia Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 163 (1862)
= Euphorbia kemulariae Ter-Chatsch.; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 23: 92 (1963)
= Euphorbia latifolia Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 39 (1860), pro syn.
= Euphorbia sanasunitensis Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 26: 139, f. 1, t. II, f.4 (1912)
= Euphorbia vedica Ter-Chatsch.; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 24: 24 (1965)
= Galarhoeus ibericus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 71 (1941)
= Tithymalus ibericus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 183 (1933), in obs.
= Tithymalus sanasunitensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia iharanae Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(9): 221 (1995)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia illirica Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 435 (1788)
Name: Wollige Wolfsmilch, Illyrische Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany (Bayern); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; European Turkey; Greece (very rare NE-, N-, C-Greece, Athos, S-Peloponnisos); S-European Russia; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY MLD RUS UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: esula agg.; species delimitation is critical and disputed
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia austriaca A.Kern.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 397 (1875), et Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 3: 62 (1884)
= Euphorbia austriaca subsp. tauricola (Prokh.) Chrtek & Krísa; Preslia 42: 263 (1970)
= Euphorbia cantabrica Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier), Sér. 3, 3: 247 (1883), pro syn.
= Euphorbia carinthiaca Traunf. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 116 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia cechica Opiz; Seznam [Opiz] 42 (1852), nomen
= Euphorbia costata Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: 122 (1852)
= Euphorbia distincta Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 65 (1853)
= Euphorbia distinguenda Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: 122 (1852)
= Euphorbia hirsuta Kit. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 116 (1862), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia klokovii Dubovik; Ukrayins´k. Bot. Zhurn. 30(1): 84 (1973), nom. nov.
= Euphorbia mollis C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 2: 330 (1806)
= Euphorbia multiformis Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 65 (1853), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia pilosa subsp. villosa (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 275 (1890)
= Euphorbia pilosa var. austriaca (A.Kern.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 275 (1890)
= Euphorbia pilosa var. gymnocarpa Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 281 (1829)
= Euphorbia pilosa var. illirica (Lam.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 650 (1881)
= Euphorbia pilosa var. longifolia Rouy; Rev. Sci. Nat. (Montpellier) Sér. 3, 3: 247 (1883)
= Euphorbia pilosa var. reichenbachiana (Willk.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 116 (1862)
= Euphorbia pilosa var. trigonocarpa (Fisch.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 116 (1862)
= Euphorbia pilosa var. villosa (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 650 (1881)
= Euphorbia procera var. trichocarpa W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 630 (1837)
= Euphorbia procera var. tuberculata W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 630 (1837)
= Euphorbia pseudovillosa Klokov; Fl. URSR 7: 628 (1955) (non Prodan (1953))
= Euphorbia reichenbachiana Willk.; Flora 35: 310 (1852)
= Euphorbia subcordata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 594 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia tauricola Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 736 (1949)
= Euphorbia trigonocarpa Fisch.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 7: 48 (1841)
= Euphorbia valdevillosocarpa Arvat & Nyár.; Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 15: 191 (1935 publ. 1936)
= Euphorbia villosa f. trichocarpa (W.D.J.Koch) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 149 (1924)
= Euphorbia villosa subsp. austriaca (A.Kern.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23(3-4): 381 (1977 publ. 1978)
= Euphorbia villosa subsp. valdevillosocarpa (Arvat & Nyár.) R.Turner; Euphorbias, gardeners´ guide 171 (1995), isonym
= Euphorbia villosa subsp. valdevillosocarpa (Arvat & Nyár.) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 381 (1978)
= Euphorbia villosa var. longifolia (Rouy) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 85 (1974)
= Euphorbia villosa Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 909 (1799)
= Euphorbia volhynica Besser ex Racib.; Fl. Polska 2: 107 (1921)
= Galarhoeus villosus (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 33 (1941)
= Tithymalus austriacus (A.Kern.) A. & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 40 (1961)
= Tithymalus tauricola (Prokh.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 175 (1973)
= Tithymalus valdevillosocarpa (Arvat & Nyár.) Chrtek & Krísa; Sborn. Nár. Muz. v Praze, Rada B, Prír. Vedy 26(4): 76 (1970)
= Tithymalus villosus (Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd.) Pacher; Fl. Kärnten 233 (1887)
= Tithymalus villosus var. trichocarpus (W.D.J.Koch) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 9 (1984)
= Tithymalus villosus var. tuberculatus (W.D.J.Koch) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 9 (1984)
= Tithymalus volhynicus (Besser ex Racib.) A. & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 40 (1961)
= Tithymalus volhynicus (Besser ex Racib.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 175 (1973), isonym
species :
Euphorbia iloitaii Powys & S.Carter; CactusWorld 27: 211 (2009)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia imitata N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 570 (1911)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia immersa P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Candollea 21: 366 (1967)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia imparispina S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 413 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia imperatae (Leandri ex J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon) Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488(1): 16 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Remarks: milii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia milii var. imperatae Leandri ex J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Euphorbia World 16(3): 10 (2020)
= Euphorbia milii var. imperatae Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 150 (1954)
= Euphorbia splendens var. imperatae Leandri; Cactus (Paris) 34: 114 (1952)
species :
Euphorbia impressa Chiov.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 36: 370 (1929)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond.; Linnaea 23: 105 (1850)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Libya (Tibesti); Egypt (Nile Delta); Canary Isl. (Tenerife); Cape Verde Isl. (Sao Vicente Isl., Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Fogo Isl.); Mauritania; Mali; Burkina Faso; Niger; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad (Tibesti); ?Sudan; Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia; Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Seychelles [I]; Afghanistan (Kabul); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Bahrain; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR 21 CNY CVI 22 BKN MLI MTN NGR 23 BUR RWA 24 CHA DJI ETH SOC SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 29 sey 34 AFG 35 BAR OMA SAU UAE YEM 40 PAK
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectoroctonum sanguineum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 39 (1860)
= Anisophyllum inaequilaterum (Sond.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 22 (1860)
= Anisophyllum mundii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 25 (1860)
= Anisophyllum setigerum E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 29 (1860)
= Chamaesyce granulata var. dentata (N.E.Br.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40: 391 (1978)
= Chamaesyce granulata var. glabrata (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40(5): 391 (1978)
= Chamaesyce inaequilatera (Sond.) Fennane; Bocconea 8: 95 (1998), isonym
= Chamaesyce inaequilatera (Sond.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Euphorbia granulata f. glabra (Maire) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 2: 29 (1960)
= Euphorbia granulata var. dentata N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 503 (1911)
= Euphorbia granulata var. glabra Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 201 (1929)
= Euphorbia haematodes Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 179 (1862), nomen
= Euphorbia hypericifolia var. pusilla Webb; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 176 (1849)
= Euphorbia inaequalis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 512 (1911)
= Euphorbia inaequilatera var. dentata (N.E.Br.) M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 48(1): 126 (1993)
= Euphorbia inaequilatera var. jemenica (Schweinf.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992)
= Euphorbia inaequilatera var. perennis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 246 (1915)
= Euphorbia inaequilatera var. spanothrix S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 370 (1987)
= Euphorbia intermedia Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 35 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia nelsii Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 737 (1898)
= Euphorbia parvifolia E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 34 (1862)
= Euphorbia parvifolia var. laxa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 34 (1862)
= Euphorbia sanguinea Hochst. & Steud. ex Benth.; Fl. Hongk. 302 (1861), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia sanguinea var. intermedia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 35 (1862)
= Euphorbia sanguinea var. jemenica Schweinf.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 2): 315 (1899)
= Euphorbia sanguinea var. natalensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 35 (1862)
= Euphorbia sanguinea var. setigera (E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 35 (1862)
= Euphorbia setigera E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), pro syn.
species :
Euphorbia inaequispina N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 576 (1911)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
species :
Euphorbia inaguaensis Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Bahamas (Little Inagua Isl.)
81 BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia abbreviata Correll; Sida 8(4): 317 (1980), nom. illeg., non Thuill. 1799
species :
Euphorbia inappendiculata Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 309 (1927)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce inappendiculata (Domin) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
= Euphorbia inappendiculata var. queenslandica Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 309 (1927)
variant :
var. robustior Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 505 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia inarticulata Schweinf.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7, App. 2: 324 (1899)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (Tihama, W-Yemen)
35 SAU YEM
species :
Euphorbia incerta Brandegee; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 3: 171 (1891)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Colima, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro)
79 MEX RGI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce incerta Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia inculta P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 19: 155 (1964)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia inderiensis Lees ex Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 448 (1842)
Distribution: Romania; Ukraine; Crimea; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Armenia; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Badghys, Bamyan, Kabul, Kandahar, Logar); China (Xinjiang)
13 ROM 14 KRY UKR 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pygmaea Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 99 (1862) non Ledeb. (1849-51)
= Galarhoeus inderiensis (Less. ex Kar. & Kir.) Prokh. ex Lapin; Opred. Rast. Okr. Taschk. 1: 193 (1938)
= Tithymalus inderiensis (Less. ex Kar. & Kir.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 65 (1860)
= Tithymalus pygmaeus (Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 84 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia indica Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 423 (1788)
Distribution: S-Europe [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Valley [I]); Sudan [I]; South Sudan [I]; +Soqotra [I]; Angola [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Seychelles [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; Iraq [I] (NW-Iraq [I]); Iran [I] (EC-Iran [I], S-Iran [I]); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); United Arab Emirates [I]; Oman [I] (Dhofar [I], Mascat & Oman [I]); China (Yunnan); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan (Karachi, Waziristan, Kurram, Dir, Swat, Hazara, Pakistani Punjab, Murree, Rawalpindi); India (throughout, incl. Jammu & Kashmir); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Java [I]
20 egy 24 soc ssu sud 26 ang zam zim 27 bot saf swz 29 mau reu sey 33 aze geo 34 AFG irn irq 35 oma uae 36 CHI 38 tai 40 BAN IND ldv MDV PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO NCB VIE 42 jaw
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum indicum (Lam.) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 34 (1867)
= Chamaesyce indica (Lam.) Croizat; Lilloa 8: 406 (1942)
= Euphorbia androsaemoides Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 36 (1818)
= Euphorbia bracteolaris Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 8 (1860)
= Euphorbia cassioides C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 539 (1845)
= Euphorbia decumbens (Forssk.) Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 27 (1814)
= Euphorbia granulata var. decumbens Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: cxii (1775)
= Euphorbia hypericifolia Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 22 (1862)
= Euphorbia hypericifolia var. bracteolaris (Boiss.) Ewart; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n. s., 19: 41 (1907)
= Euphorbia hypericifolia var. coimbatorensis Chandrab.; Fl. Coimbatore 266 (1988)
= Euphorbia indica var. angustifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 22 (1862)
= Euphorbia indica var. procumbens Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 117 (1894)
= Euphorbia indica var. pubescens Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 117 (1894)
= Euphorbia ovalifolia Kostel.; Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 1724 (1836)
= Euphorbia pubera Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 655 (1826)
= Euphorbia purpurascens Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 253 (1827), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia uniflora Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 473 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus uniflorus Haw.; Phil. Mag. 10: 418 (1831)
= Vallaris uniflora Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1836)
species :
Euphorbia indistincta P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 4(2): 254 (1994)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Euphorbia indivisa (Engelm.) Tidestr.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 40 (1935)
Name: Royal sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce indivisa (Engelm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 387 (1914)
= Euphorbia adenoptera var. indivisa (Engelm.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 49 (1862)
= Euphorbia dioeca var. indivisa Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 187 (1859)
= Euphorbia multifoliosa M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 18: 54 (1933-5)
species :
Euphorbia indurescens L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 2(2): 113 (1975)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia indurescens (L.C.Leach) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia inermis Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 13 (1768)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia viperina A.Berger; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 39 (1902)
species :
Euphorbia infernidialis V.W.Steinm.; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 24: 177 (2005)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 87 (1857), et Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 87 (1862)
Name: Common Tree Euphorbia, Candelabra Tree, Cactus Euphorbia
Distribution: Angola; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, C-Saudi Arabia, Rub al Khali, Asir); Yemen (W-Yemen)
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 35 SAU YEM
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ammak Schweinf.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7, App. 2: 319 (1899)
= Euphorbia bilocularis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 594 (1912)
= Euphorbia candelabrum var. bilocularis (N.E.Br.) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 681 (1987)
= Euphorbia confertiflora Volkens; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 266 (1899)
= Euphorbia reinhardtii var. bilocularis (N.E.Br.) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their Geogr. Distrib. 5 (1990)
= Euphorbia reinhardtii Volkens; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 263 (1899)
= Euphorbia similis A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 69 (1907 publ. 1906)
= Euphorbia tozzii Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 407 (1932)
species :
Euphorbia ingenticapsa L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot. 45: 356 (1971)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia innocua Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 122: 62 (1939)
Name: Velvet spurge
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia refugii Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 27: 290 (1946)
species :
Euphorbia insarmentosa P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 6: 246 (1966)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Crotonoides
species :
Euphorbia insulana Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 202 5: t. 14 (1829)
Distribution: Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru; NE-Brazil (Bahia, Alagoas); SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Amambay, Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa, Misiones, Salta)
83 ecu gal PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia anomala Salzm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 59 (1862)
= Euphorbia insulana subsp. pilcomayensis Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 178 (1843)
= Euphorbia insulana var. minor Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 689 (1874)
= Euphorbia insulana var. pilcomayensis (Croizat) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992)
= Poinsettia insulana Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 253 (1859) (nomen)
variant :
var. tovarensis (Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 185 (1992)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Aragua, Barinas, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Tachira, Yaracuy); Bolivia (La Paz)
82 CLM VEN 83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia insulana subsp. tovarensis (Boiss.) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 178 (1943)
= Euphorbia tovarensis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 18 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia insularis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 32 (1860)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; NW-Italy
12 COR SAR 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia canuti subsp. insularis (Boiss.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(2): 77 (1935)
= Euphorbia hyberna subsp. insularis (Boiss.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(2): 77 (1935)
= Euphorbia hyberna var. insularis (Boiss.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 279 (1901)
= Tithymalus hybernus subsp. insularis (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia intisy Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 260 (1900)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia intisy (Drake) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia intricata S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 821 (1985)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia inundata Torr. ex Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 402 (1860)
Name: Florida pineland spurge
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Galarhoeus inundatus (Torr. ex Chapm.) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 801 (1933)
= Tithymalus inundatus (Torr. ex Chapm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 719 (1903)
variant :
var. garrettii E.L.Bridges & Orzell; Lundellia 5: 65 (2002)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
species :
Euphorbia inundaticola L.C.Leach; Excelsa 15: 18 (1991 publ. 1992)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia invaginata Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 180 (1943)
Distribution: Paraguay (Alto Paraguay)
85 PAR
species :
Euphorbia invenusta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium invenustum N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 329 (1909)
variant :
var. angusta (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium invenustum var. angustum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 35 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia ipecacuanhae L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 455 (1753)
Name: American ipecac
Distribution: USA (Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma ipecacuanhae (L.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Anisophyllum ipecacuanha (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 164 (1812)
= Euphorbia atrorubens Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 101 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia ipecacuanhae f. linearis (Moldenke) Fernald; Rhodora 50: 148 (1948)
= Euphorbia ipecacuanhae var. portulacoides Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 101 (1862)
= Euphorbia polygonifolia Michx. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 101 (1862) non L.
= Euphorbia portulacoides Herb. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 102 (1862)
= Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 716 (1903), et Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. Ed. 2, 2: 470 (1913)
= Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae f. linearis Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 321 (1947)
= Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae f. orbiculata Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 474 (1948)
= Tithymalopsis ipecacuanhae f. rubra Moldenke; Phytologia 3: 117 (1949)
= Tithymalus ipecacuanhae (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 69 (1860)
= Vallaris ipecacuanhae (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
= Vallaris ipecacuanhae var. linearifolia Raf.; Autik. Bot. 96 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia iranshahrii Pahlevani; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 33(1): 96 (2011)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia irgisensis Litv.; Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. 8: 102 (1922)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan
32 KAZ TKM
Synonyms: hidden
= Galarhoeus irgisensis (Litv.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 46 (1941)
= Tithymalus irgisensis (Litv.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 168 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia isacantha Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 82 (1904)
Distribution: S-Tanzania; N-Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
species :
Euphorbia isatidifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 430 (1788)
Distribution: E-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia isatis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 15 (1806)
= Euphorbia vitellina Loscos & J.Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 93 (1863)
= Tithymalus clusii Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 110 (1897)
= Tithymalus isatidifolius (Lam.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia isaurica M.L.S.Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 25: 125, t. 9 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus isauricus (M.L.S.Khan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia itampolensis (Rauh) Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 36 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mahafalensis var. itampolensis (Rauh) J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Candollea 74(2): 160 (2019)
= Euphorbia neobosseri var. itampolensis Rauh; Trop. Subtrop. Pflanzenwelt 100: 8 (1999)
species :
Euphorbia itremensis Kimnach & Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 73(1): 42 (2001)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ivanjohnstonii M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 129 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ivanjohnstonii f. longifolia B.L.Turner; Phytoneuron 14: 2 (2011)
= Tithymalus ivanjohnstonii (M.C.Johnst.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia jablonskii V.W.Steinm.; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 25: 231 (2007)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia jacquemontii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 113 (1862)
Distribution: S-Tibet; Pakistan (Skardu); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
36 TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia jacquemontii var. lasiocarpa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 113 (1862)
= Tithymalus jacquemontii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia jaegeri V.W.Steinm. & J.M.André; Aliso 30(1): 1, figs. 1-4 (2012)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
species :
Euphorbia jaliscensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 29: 392 (1894)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia jaliscensis var. durangensis Millsp.; Bot. Gaz. 25: 24 (1898)
= Euphorbia xeropoda Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 367 (1917)
species :
Euphorbia jamesonii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 11 (1860)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce jamesonii (Boiss.) G.L.Webster; Cat. Vasc. Pl. Ecuador (Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75): 954 (1999)
species :
Euphorbia jatrophoides Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 287 (1904)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; N-Kenya; Oman (Dhofar)
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN 35 OMA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia reghinii (Chiov.) Vollesen; Kew Bull. 40: 76 (1985)
= Commiphora reghinii Chiov.; (1940)
species :
Euphorbia jejuna M.C.Johnst. & Warnock; Southw. Naturalist 5: 97 (1960)
Name: Dwarf sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Coahuila)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce jejuna (Warnock & M.C.Johnst.) Shinners; Sida 3: 347 (1969)
species :
Euphorbia jenisseiensis Baikov; Fl. Sibir. 10: 33 (1996)
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia)
30 SIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia alpina var. baikalensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 123 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia jodhpurensis Blatt. & Hallb.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 26: 971 (1920)
Distribution: India (Rajasthan)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce jodhpurensis (Blatt. & Hallb.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40(5): 392 (1978)
= Euphorbia clarkeana var. erecta Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 253 (1887)
species :
Euphorbia johannis S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 420 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia johnstonii Mayfield; Sida 14(4): 574 (1991)
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce johnstonii (Mayfield) Mayfield; Phytologia 75(2): 179 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 32 (1860)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Izu Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Dichrophyllum jolkinii (Boiss.) F.C.Ho; Trop. Pl. Taiwan Colour 3: 34, 355 (1982)
= Euphorbia calonesiaca Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 97 (1938)
= Euphorbia formosana Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 262 (1911)
= Euphorbia japonica Siebold ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1266 ex parte. (1862)
= Euphorbia jolkinii f. insularis (Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992)
= Euphorbia nematocypha Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 63: 9 (1926)
= Euphorbia nematocypha var. induta Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 7(2): 230 (1931)
= Euphorbia orientalis Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 20: 70 (1904), non L.
= Euphorbia regina H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 24: 145 (1914)
= Euphorbia shouanensis H.Keng; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 41(6): 205 (1951)
= Galarhoeus calonesiacus (Croizat) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 356 (1938)
= Galarhoeus formosanus (Hayata) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 356 (1938)
= Galarhoeus formosanus (Hayata) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(6): 261, f. 26 (1954), isonym
= Galarhoeus formosanus var. hayatae Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(6): 263, f. 26 (1954)
= Galarhoeus jolkinii (Boiss.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 385 (1935)
= Galarhoeus jolkinii f. insularis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 254 (1954)
= Galarhoeus nematocypha (Hand.-Mazz.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 254 (1954)
= Galarhoeus shouanensis (H.Keng) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 263 (1954), isonym
= Galarhoeus shouanensis (H.Keng) Keng; Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 4: 257 (1951)
= Tithymalus calonesiacus (Croizat) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 757 (1992)
= Tithymalus formosanus (Hayata) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 759 (1992)
= Tithymalus jolkinii (Boiss.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 54 (1954)
= Tithymalus shouanensis (H.Keng) S.S.Ying; Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 756 (1992)
species :
Euphorbia josei Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Puerto Rico
81 PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia litoralis Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 123 (1894), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia joyae P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 820 (1985)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia jubata L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 30: 7 (1964)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia juttae Dinter; Neue Pfl. Südw.-Afr. [Dinter] 30 (1914)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (W-Free State, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia aequoris N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 279 (1915)
= Euphorbia silicicola Dinter; Neue Pfl. Südw.-Afr. [Dinter] 31 (1914)
= Tirucalia aequoris (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 87 (1996)
= Tirucalia juttae (Dinter) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia juvoklanti Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 86 (1909)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
species :
Euphorbia kabridarensis Thulin; Kew Bull. 64(3): 471 (2009)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia kadapensis Sarojin. & R.R.V.Raju; Phytotaxa 181(3): 173 (2014)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia kaessneri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 86 (1909)
Distribution: SE-Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Euphorbia kalambatitrensis Haev., Hett. & Spannring; Phytotaxa 492(1): 12 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia kalbaensis Baikov & I.V.Khan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90: 1893 (2005)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Euphorbia kalisana S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3852 (1982)
Distribution: S-Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia kamerunica Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 75 (1904)
Distribution: Senegal; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Chad
22 BEN IVO LBR NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia barteri N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 597 (1912)
= Euphorbia kamerunica var. barteri (N.E.Br.) A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 28: 348 (1948)
species :
Euphorbia kamponii Rauh & Petignat; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 13(4): 131 (1995)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia kanalensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1265 (1862)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; New Caledonia
42 NWG 43 BIS SOL 60 NWC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia plumerioides var. acuminata J.J.Sm.; Nova Guinea 8(2): 794 (1912)
= Euphorbia plumerioides var. microphylla Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 8: 86 (1980)
species :
Euphorbia kanaorica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 154 (1862)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Pakistan (Chitral, Astor, Deosai); NW-India (Dras, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh)
32 TZK UZB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia kanaorica subsp. polytimetica (Prokh.) Kamelin; Fl. Ushchel. Reki Varzob 200 (2021)
= Euphorbia polytimetica (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 458 (1949)
= Euphorbia prorepens Popov; Rastit. Zapovedn. Guralash 32 (1936), nom. superfl.
= Tithymalus kanaoricus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 144 (1933) (in obs.)
= Tithymalus polytimeticus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 48, 142 (1933) (in clavi)
species :
Euphorbia kansuensis Proch.; Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 6, 20: 1371, in obs. (1926)
Distribution: China; Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia yinshanica S.Q.Zhou & G.H.Liu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(1): 77-78, f. 1 (1989)
= Tithymalus kansuensis (Prokh.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 75, in obs.(1933)
species :
Euphorbia kansui Liou ex S.B.Ho; Fl. Tsinling. 1(3): 162, 450, f. 138 (1981)
Distribution: China (Gansu)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia kansui Liou; Iconogr. Cormophyt. Sin. 2: 624, pl. 2978 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia kaokoensis (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) L.C.Leach; Dinteria 12: 33 (1976)
Distribution: NW-Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia subsalsa var. kaokoensis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 965 (1941)
species :
Euphorbia karibensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45(2): 330 (1990)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia katrajensis Gage; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 236 (1914)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce katrajensis (Gage) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia kavirensis Pahlevani; Phytotaxa 312(1): 88 (2017)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia keithii R.A.Dyer; Bothalia 6: 223 (1951)
Name: Swazi Euphorbia
Distribution: SW-Mozambique; Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia kelleri Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 739 (1898)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
variant :
var. latifolia Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 740 (1898)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia kerneri Huter ex A.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 2: 48 (1882)
Distribution: Austria; Hungary; Slovenia
11 AUT HUN 13 SLV
Remarks: often treated as E. triflora ssp. kerneri
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia triflora subsp. kerneri (Huter ex A.Kern.) Poldini; Acta Bot. Croat. 28: 325 (1969)
= Euphorbia triflora subsp. kerneri (Huter ex A.Kern.) Poldini ex Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107(5): 220 (1973)
= Tithymalus kerneri (Huter ex A.Kern.) Pacher; Fl. Kärnten, Nachtr. 234 (1887)
= Tithymalus triflorus subsp. kerneri (Huter ex A.Kern.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia kerstingii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 285 (1903)
Distribution: Guinea; Burkina Faso; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon
22 BEN BKN GUI NGA TOG 23 CMN
species :
Euphorbia khabrica Pahlevani; Pl. Syst. Evol. 303(2): 156 (2016)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia khandallensis Blatt. & Hallb.; J. Indian Bot. Soc. 2: 48 (1921)
Distribution: S-India (Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia fusiformis var. khandallensis (Blatt. & Hallb.) Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.; Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 280 (2007)
= Euphorbia panchganiensis Blatt. & McCann; J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, n. s. 26: 353 (1930 publ. 1931)
species :
Euphorbia khasyana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 120 (1862)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya, Nagaland); Bangladesh
40 BAN IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia fimbriata Wall. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1266 (1862) non Scop.
= Tithymalus khasyanus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia khorasanica Saeidi & Ghayorm.; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52(1-2): 38 (2015)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia kianjavatoana J.-P.Castillon; Euphorbia World 18(2): 37 (2023)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia kilwana N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 507 (1911)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zimbabwe
25 TAN 26 ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia convolvuloides var. integrifolia Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 85 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia kimberleyana (G.Will.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium kimberleyanum G.Will.; Excelsa 19: 56 (1999)
species :
Euphorbia kimberleyensis B.G.Thomson; Nuytsia 8(3): 358 (1992)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia kingdon-wardii Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.; Kew Bull. 48(4): 798 (1993)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Euphorbia kirimzjulica Stepanov; Florogenet. Anal. Na Primere Sev.-Vost. Chasti Zap. Sayana 1: 84 (1994)
Distribution: Siberia (Krasnoyarsk)
30 SIB
species :
Euphorbia kiritensis P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Euphorbia J. 5: 35 (1988)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia kirkii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Malawi; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium gazense N.E.Br.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 190 (1911), et in Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 467 (1911)
= Synadenium kirkii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 466 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia kischenensis Vierh.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 71: 379 (1907)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia klotzschii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Germany [I]; Bolivia (Cochabamba, Potosí); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Paraguari); Uruguay (Canelones, Montevideo, Paysandu, Soriano, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía)
11 ger 83 BOL 85 ARG CLE PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum ovalifolium Engelm. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 26 (1860)
= Chamaesyce ovalifolia (Engelm. ex Klotzsch) Croizat; Lilloa 6: 299 (1941)
= Euphorbia depressa Phil. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 26 (1860), pro syn.
= Euphorbia klotzschii var. dentata (R.E.Fr.) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae
= Euphorbia montevidensis Casar. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia obliquifolia Kunze ex Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 15 (1860), pro syn.
= Euphorbia ovalifolia (Engelm. ex Klotzsch) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia ovalifolia var. dentata R.E.Fr.; Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., Ser. 4, 1(1): 128 (1905)
= Euphorbia ovalifolia var. montevidensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862)
= Euphorbia serpens var. montevidensis (Boiss.) Cabrera; Man. Fl. Alrededores Buenos Aires 284 (1953)
= Euphorbia serpens var. ovalifolia (Engelm. ex Klotzsch) Allem; Revista Brasil. Biol. 37: 223 (1977)
variant :
var. argentina (Müll.Arg. ex Griseb.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992)
Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman); Chile (Maule)
85 ARG CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ovalifolia var. argentina Müll.Arg. ex Griseb.; J. Bot. 12: 232 (1874)
variant :
var. schizosepala (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992)
Distribution: Uruguay (Colonia); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Cordoba, Entre Rios, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis); Chile (Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos); Juan Fdz. Isl.
85 ARG CLE JNF URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ovalifolia var. schizosepala Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia knobelii Letty; Fl. Pl. South Africa 14: t. 521 (1934)
Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia perangusta R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 18: t. 716 (1938)
species :
Euphorbia knuthii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 83 (1904)
subspecies :
subsp. knuthii
Distribution: S-Mozambique; South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
subspecies :
subsp. johnsonii (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 39(1): 20 (1973)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia johnsonii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 571 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia kondoi Rauh & Razaf.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 61: 113 (1989)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia kopetdaghi (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 398 (1949)
Distribution: S-Turkmenistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
32 TKM 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia aellenii Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 88: 219 (1951)
= Euphorbia fuhsii Bornm. & Sint. ex O. & B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 6: 310 (1916), nomen, Prokh. Consp. Syst. Tithym. As. Med.(Trans. Rubber & Guttap. Inst.) 158 (1933)
= Tithymalus aellenii (Rech.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
= Tithymalus kopetdaghi Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 158 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia korshinskyi Geltman; Fl. Vostochnoi Evropy 9: 281 (1996)
Distribution: Siberia (W-Siberia)
30 SIB
species :
Euphorbia kotschyana Fenzl; Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr. 7 (1842)
Distribution: East Aegaean Isl. (Samos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains)
34 EAI LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: amygdaloides agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus kotschyanus (Fenzl) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 96 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia kouandenensis Beille; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 296 (1914 publ. 1917)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Mali; Ghana; Togo; Benin
22 BEN GHA GUI MLI SEN TOG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia kouandenensis Beille ex A.Chev.; Explor. Bot. Afrique Occ. Franç. 1: 552 (1920) (nomen)
species :
Euphorbia kozlovii Prokh.; Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 6, 20: 1370, in obs., 1383 in clavi (1926)
Distribution: China (Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai); Mongolia
36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia kozlovii var. angustifolia S.Q.Zhou; Fl. Intramongol. 4: 48, 207 (1979)
= Tithymalus kozlovii (Prokh.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 68, in obs.(1933)
species :
Euphorbia kraussiana Bernh.; Flora 28: 87 (1845)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Esula
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia erubescens E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 116 (1862), non Boiss. 1849
= Euphorbia kraussiana var. erubescens N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 268 (1915), nom. inval.
= Tithymalus meyeri Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 75 (1860)
= Tithymalus truncatus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 75 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia kudrjaschevii (Pazij) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 352 (1949)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Galarhoeus kudrjaschevii Pazij; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 11: 27 (1948)
species :
Euphorbia kundelunguensis (Malaisse) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium kundelunguense Malaisse; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 59(5): 204 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia kuriensis Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 88 (1905)
Distribution: Abd-al-Kuri Isl.
24 SOC
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce kuriensis (Vierh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia kurtzii Subils; Kurtziana 6: 233 (1971)
Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz); Argentina (Cordoba, Misiones, Salta, San Luis, Tucuman)
83 BOL 85 ARG
species :
Euphorbia kuwaleana O.Deg. & Sherff; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 20: 9 (1949)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamasyce kuwaleana (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190 (1959) (in obs.)
species :
Euphorbia labatii Rauh & Bard.-Vauc.; Succulentes 1999(4): 3 (1999)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia lacei Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 456 (1911)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.; East Timor
40 ban IND 41 AND LAO MYA THA 42 JAW LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia barnhartii Croizat; Euphorb. Antiq. 25, 54 (1934)
= Euphorbia trigona Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. (36) (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 468 (1832) (non Haw.)
species :
Euphorbia lacera Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 22 (1860)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia laciniata Panigrahi; Kew Bull. 30(3): 531 (1975)
Distribution: S-India (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce fimbriata (B.Heyne ex Roth) R.R.Rao & B.A.Rao; J. Mysore Univ., B, 23(1-2): 53 (1969-70 publ. 1970)
= Chamaesyce fimbriata (B.Heyne ex Roth) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972), isonym
= Chamaesyce laciniata (Panigrahi) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 454 (1977)
= Euphorbia capitata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7708 A (1832), nomen
= Euphorbia fimbriata B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 227 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia fimbriata var. laxa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 19 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia laciniloba Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 507 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia lactea Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 127 (1812)
Name: Mottled Spurge (EN), Candelero (ES)
Distribution: Benin [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Seychelles [I]; India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Thailand [c]; Society Isl [I]; Tuamotu Arch. [I]; Austral Isl. [I]; USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Isla Margarita [I]
22 ben 29 mau reu sey 40 IND SRL 41 tha 61 aui tua 78 usa 79 mex 81 bah cub his jam pue trt ven vir 82 clm
species :
Euphorbia lactiflua Phil.; Fl. Atacam. 48 (1860)
Name: Lechero [Chile]
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia lactiflua (Phil.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia laevigata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 421 (1788)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia lagascae Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 2: 115 (1820)
Distribution: SE-Spain; Sardinia; ?Sicily
12 SAR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia kunzei Mart. ex Colla; Hortus Ripul. [Colla], App. 4: 45 (1830)
= Euphorbia martiusiana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 613 (1841)
= Euphorbia terracina Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 6 (1816), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus lagascae (Spreng.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 65 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia lagunensis Huft; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71(4): 1025 (1984 publ. 1985)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia lagunillarum Croizat; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 39: 144 (1967)
Distribution: Venezuela (Merida)
82 VEN
species :
Euphorbia laikipiensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 373 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia lakshminarasimhanii Malpure, Chandore, P.S.Raut & B.De Jong; Nordic J. Bot. 39(7)-e03142: 2 (2021)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia lamarckii Sweet; Hort. Suburb. Lond. 107 (1818)
subspecies :
subsp. lamarckii
Name: Lamarcks Wolfsmilch (DE); Tabaiba amarga (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia broussonetii Willd. ex Lam.; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 158 (1828) (preocc.)
= Euphorbia lamarckii var. broussonetii (Willd. ex Link) Molero & Rovira; Vieraea 32: 118 (2004)
= Euphorbia obtusifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 609 (1812), nom. illeg. (conservation rejected)
= Euphorbia virgata Desf.; Tabl. École Bot. 204 (1804), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus obtusifolius Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 74 (1860)
= Tithymalus virgatus (Desf.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 139 (1828)
subspecies :
subsp. wildpretii (Molero & Rovira) Rivas-Mart. & Gaisberg
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma)
21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia obtusifolia var. wildpretii Molero & Rovira; Taxon 47: 325 (1998)
species :
Euphorbia lancifolia Schltdl.; Linnaea 7: 143 (1832)
Name: Isbut (Cuba)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Cuba [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Thomas [I]); Colombia (Valle)
79 MEX 80 BLZ ELS GUA HON 81 cub his vir 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lancifolia var. villicaulis Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 36: 496 (1901)
= Poinsettia lancifolia (Schltdl.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia laredana Millsp. ex Coult.; Pittonia 2: 88 (1890), et ex Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 2: 390 (1894)
Name: Laredo sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce laredana (Millsp.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 709 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia larica Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 24 (1860)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran); Saudi Arabia (Asir); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (coastal Hadhramaut)
34 IRN 35 OMA SAU UAE YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia masirahensis Ghaz.; Novon 3: 258 (1993)
= Tirucalia larica (Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia larranagae Oudejans; Phytologia 67: 46 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Uruguay
85 URU
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia rupestris Larrañaga; Escritos Damaso Antonio Larrañaga 2: 164 (1923), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia lasiocarpa Klotzsch; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 414 (1843)
Name: Roadside sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Antigua; St. Lucia; Barbados; Tobago; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Apure, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Tachira); Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Acre); Argentina (Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Formosa, Jujuy, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman)
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BAH BBD CUB HIS JAM PUE STL TRT VEN 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum lasiocarpum (Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 (1860)
= Chamaesyce lasiocarpa (Klotzsch) Arthur; Torreya 11: 260 (1911)
= Euphorbia hypericifolia var. lasiocarpa (Klotzsch) Griseb.
= Euphorbia lasiocarpa var. subprostrata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1262 (1866)
species :
Euphorbia lata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 188 (1858)
Name: Hoary sandmat
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Baja California Sur, Coahuila, Chihuahua)
73 USA 74 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce lata (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 710 (1903)
= Euphorbia dilatata Torr. & A.Gray; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 2(4), ed. 2 [Pope]: 175 (1857) (nom. illeg., non E. Mey.)
= Euphorbia rinconis M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 1908: 12 (1908)
species :
Euphorbia latericolor Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 377 (1913)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus latericolor (Brandegee) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia lateriflora Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 252 (1827)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic
22 BEN GHA GUI NGA SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia togoensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 224 (1909)
= Tirucalia lateriflora (Schumach.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia lathyris L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 457 (1753)
Name: Spring-Wolfsmilch, Kreuzblättrige Wolfsmilch (DE); Moleplant, Caper Spurge (EN); Lechetrezna murganera (ES)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Netherlands [I]; Belgium [I]; Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Andorra [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Guernsey [I], Jersey [I], Sark [I]); Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; San Marino [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Albania [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; European Turkey [I]; Greece [I]; Morocco [I]; Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Sao Miguel Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Graciosa [I], Pico [I], Faial [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Tenerife [I], La Palma [I]); South Africa [I] (W-Cape Prov. [I]); Kyrgyzstan; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Armenia [I]; Turkey [I] (N-Anatolia [I], NE-Anatolia [I]); China (Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; India (Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal); Vietnam [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Georgia [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Kentucky [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I], West Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
10 grb ire 11 aut bgm ger hun lie net slo swi 12 ado bal cis cor fra por sar spa 13 alb bul cro grc ita rom slv sma tue 20 mor 21 azo cny mdr 27 saf 32 KGZ 33 arm geo 34 tur 36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 vie 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 82 clm ven 83 bol 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf
Synonyms: hidden
= Epurga lathyris (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia decussata Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 389 (1796), nom. superfl.
= Euphorbia lathyris var. minor Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 44 (1830)
= Euphorbia spongiosa Ledeb. ex Schrank; Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 214 (1824)
= Euphorbion lathyrum (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)
= Galarhoeus decussatus Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 256 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
= Galarhoeus lathyris (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 143 (1812)
= Keraselma lathyris (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus cataputia Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd. 593 (1764), opus utique oppr.
= Tithymalus lathyris (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia latifolia Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. [Ledebour], Cent. 2: 25 (1830)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia esula var. latifolia (Ledeb.) Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 576 (1850)
= Euphorbia latifolia Ledeb. ex C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 183 (1833)
= Euphorbia latifolia var. intermedia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 161 (1862)
= Galarhoeus esula var. latifolius (Ledeb.) Kitag.; Bull. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 1(3): 2 (1937)
= Galarhoeus latifolius (Ledeb.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 73 (1941)
= Tithymalus latifolius (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 89 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia laurifolia Juss. ex Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 418 (1788)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Caldas, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, Nariño, Quindío, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Merida); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cestrifolia Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 59 (1817)
= Euphorbia goudotii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 106 (1862)
= Euphorbia latazi Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 58 (1817)
= Euphorbia latazi var. glabra Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 316 (1952)
= Euphorbia lehmanniana Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 508 (1899)
= Euphorbiodendron cestrifolium (Kunth) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
= Euphorbiodendron goudotii (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 306 (1909)
= Euphorbiodendron latazii (Kunth) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
= Euphorbiodendron laurifolium (Juss. ex Lam.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 306 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia lavicola S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 419 (1980)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia lavrani L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 47: 807 (1981)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
species :
Euphorbia lawsonii Binojk. & Dwarakan; Rheedea 4(1): 60 (1994)
Distribution: S-India (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce lawsonii (Binojk. & Dwarakan) V.S.Raju; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(1): 92 (2004)
species :
Euphorbia leandriana Boiteau; Bull. Trimestriel Acad. Malgache, n. s. 24: 84 (1942)
Distribution: SC-Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia horombensis Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 154 (1955)
species :
Euphorbia lecheoides Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 163 (1906)
Name: Pinweed spurge (Bahamas)
Distribution: Bahamas (fairly widespread); Turks & Caicos Isl.
81 BAH TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce lecheoides (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 301 (1909)
variant :
var. exumensis (Millsp.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992)
Distribution: Bahamas (Exumas Isl., etc.)
81 BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce exumensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 301 (1909)
= Euphorbia exumensis (Millsp.) Correll; Sida 8(4): 319 (1980)
= Euphorbia hieroglyphica Correll; J. Arnold Arbor. 58(1): 40 (1977) (non Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss. 1862)
variant :
var. wilsonii (Millsp.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992)
Distribution: Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.
81 BAH TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce wilsonii Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 301 (1909)
= Euphorbia wilsonii (Millsp.) Correll; Sida 8(4): 319 (1980)
species :
Euphorbia ledebourii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 35 (1860)
Distribution: Crimea; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia)
14 KRY 33 ARM AZE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pygmaea Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 569 (1850), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia ledermanniana Pax & K.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 241 (1910)
Distribution: Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Chad
22 GHA NGA 23 CMN 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia calva N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 522 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia leistneri R.H.Archer; S. African J. Bot. 64: 258 (1998)
Distribution: NW-Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Frondosae
species :
Euphorbia lemesiana Hadjik., Hand, Christodoulou & Frajman; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 179: 302 (2015)
Distribution: Cyprus
34 CYP
species :
Euphorbia lenensis Baikov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 30: 116 (1996); et in Fl. Sibir. (Geraniae.-Cornac.) 10: 50 (1996)
Distribution: Siberia (Irkutsk, Yakutia)
30 SIB
species :
Euphorbia lenewtonii S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(4): 186 (2000)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia leonardii (D.G.Burch) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 25(1): 172 (1971)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce leonardii D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 96 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia leontopoda S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 403 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia leptocaula Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 159 (1862)
Distribution: E-Romania; S-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (W-Siberia)
13 ROM 14 KRY RUS UKR 30 SIB
Remarks: esula agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia borszczowii Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 742 (1949)
= Euphorbia bupleuroides Willd. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 159 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia longifolia Gueldenst.; Reise Russland [Gueldenstaedt] 1: 192 (1787), nomen
= Galarhoeus leptocaulus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 46 (1941)
species :
Euphorbia leptoclada Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 410 (1884)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia letestuana (Denis) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Central African Republic
23 CAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia letestuana var. rotundifolia (P.R.O.Bally) S.Carter; Euphorbia World 9(3): 7 (2013)
= Monadenium letestuanum Denis; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 28: 194 (1922)
= Monadenium letestuanum var. rotundifolium P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 36 (1959), et Gen. Monaden. 29 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia letestui J.Raynal; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 6: 576 (1966)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon
23 CMN GAB
Conservation Status: IUCN EN (Cameroon)
species :
Euphorbia letouzeyana (Malaisse) Bruyns; Euphorbia World 3(1): 5 (2007)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pseudonervosa Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov. for Monadenium nervosum Bally
= Monadenium letouzeyanum Malaisse; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 11(4): 337 (1989 publ. 1990)
= Monadenium nervosum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 29 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy; Bot. Gaz. 20: 350 (1895)
Name: Flor de ovejo, Pascuita
Distribution: Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; India [c]; Thailand [c]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Aitutaki [I], Mauke [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I]); Austral Isl. [I]; Mexico (Oaxaca, Chiapas); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], St. John [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]
29 mau reu 40 ind 41 tha 61 aui coo sci 79 MEX 80 GUA HON NIC PAN 81 cub his jam pue trt vir 82 clm
species :
Euphorbia leucochlamys Chiov.; Fl. Somala 299 (1929)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
species :
Euphorbia leuconeura Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 78 (1862)
Distribution: NE-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia fournieri Rebut; Lyon-Hort. & Hort. Nouv. 15: 22 (1893)
= Euphorbia fournieri Rebut ex André; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 68: 226 (1896)
species :
Euphorbia leucophylla Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 50 (1844)
subspecies :
subsp. leucophylla
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce leucophylla (Benth.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Euphorbia biserrata Millsp.; Zoe 1: 347 (1890)
= Euphorbia velutina Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2(5): 57 (1886)
subspecies :
subsp. comcaacorum V.W.Steinm. & Felger; Aliso 16: 43 (1997)
Distribution: Mexico (Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia lignosa Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 316 (1909)
Distribution: Angola; Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
26 ANG 27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Pseudeuphorbium
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia curocana L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 2(2): 111 (1975)
= Euphorbia engleriana Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 263 (1921)
= Tirucalia curocana (L.C.Leach) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 89 (1996)
= Tirucalia lignosa (Marloth) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia ligustica Skubic & Frajman; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 185-107805: 13 (2023)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
species :
Euphorbia limaensis Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia inornata (Dressler) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 32(2): 482 (1978)
= Poinsettia inornata Dressler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 339 (1962)
species :
Euphorbia lindenii (S.Carter) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium lindenii S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 13(5): 542 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia linearibracteata L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 1(1-2): 39 (1973)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia lineata S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 455 (1886)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, Nayarit)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce lineata (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Euphorbia paludicola McVaugh; Brittonia 13: 184 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia lingiana C.Shih; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 276 (1963)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia linguifolia Haev., Hett. & Spannring; Phytotaxa 497(2): 172 (2021), nom. nov.
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia linguiformis Haev., Hett. & Spannring; Phytotaxa 492(1): 16 (2021), non McVaugh 1961
species :
Euphorbia linguiformis McVaugh; Brittonia 13: 184 (1961)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce linguiformis (McVaugh) McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 212 (1993)
variant :
var. actinadenia (McVaugh) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae; Cumulative Suppl. I: 1: 12 (1993)
Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia linguiformis var. actinadenia (McVaugh) Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts; Kew Bull. 51(3): 542 (1996), isonym
= Chamaesyce linguiformis var. actinadenia McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 213 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia lingulata Heuff.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 8: 192 (1858)
Distribution: Hungary; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; S-Romania; Ukraine
11 HUN 13 ALB BIH KOS ROM SRB 14 UKR
Remarks: epithymoides agg.; status uncertain, often included in E. epithymoides s. l.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. lingulata (Heuff.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia polychroma subsp. lingulata (Heuff.) Soó; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 85(7-8): 441 (1974)
= Tithymalus lingulatus (Heuff.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 110(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia lioui C.Y.Wu & J.S.Ma; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 14(4): 371-372, f. 1 (1992)
Distribution: China (Nei Mongol)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia lipskyi (Prokh.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 80 (1933)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus lipskyi Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 39: 80 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia lissosperma S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 414 (1980)
Distribution: Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
23 BUR 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce lissosperma (S.Carter) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 150(3-4): 138 (1981 publ. 1982)
species :
Euphorbia litticola Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 508 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia liukiuensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 9: 103 (1920)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce liukiuensis (Hayata) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 356 (1938)
= Chamaesyce makinoi var. liukiuensis (Hayata) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 291 (1954)
species :
Euphorbia livida C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 14 (1862)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce livida (E.Mey. ex Boiss.) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia lividiflora L.C.Leach; Kirkia 4: 20 (1964)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi; E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZIM
species :
Euphorbia loandensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 511 (1911)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia lomelii V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 54: 49 (2003), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Hexadenia macrocarpa (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 253 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 107 (1860)
= Pedilanthus macrocarpus Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 49, t. 23 (1844)
= Tithymaloides macrocarpa (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymalus macrocarpus (Benth.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
species :
Euphorbia longecornuta S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 161 (1890)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia longetuberculosa Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 85 (1862)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Yemen (SW-Yemen)
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus braunii Schweinf.; J. Bot. 1: 295 (1863)
species :
Euphorbia longicruris Scheele; Linnaea 22: 152 (1849)
Name: Wedgeleaf spurge
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Tamaulipas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lindheimeriana Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 142 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia peploides Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 172 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus longicruris (Scheele) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 719 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia longinsulicola S.R.Hill; Sida 6(4): 313 (1976)
Distribution: Bahamas (Long Isl.)
81 BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce longinsulicola (S.R.Hill) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40(5): 392 (1978)
= Chamaesyce longinsulicola (S.R.Hill) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980), isonym
species :
Euphorbia longipedunculata O.L.M.Silva & Riina; Eur. J. Taxon. 733: 77, figs. 2-3 (2021)
Distribution: Brazil (Goias)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia longispina Chiov.; Fl. Somala 302 (1929)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
species :
Euphorbia longistyla Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 9 (1860)
Distribution: S-India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce longistyla (Boiss.) Croizat; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 2 (1937) (in obs. et in adnot.)
= Chamaesyce longistyla (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 454 (1977), isonym
= Euphorbia elegans B.Heyne; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7713 (1832), nomen
species :
Euphorbia longitubicinicyathium J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Candollea 73(2): 188 (2018)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia lophiosperma S.Carter; Kew Bull. 39(3): 651 (1984), nom. nov.
Distribution: Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia systyloides var. lata N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 521 (1911)
= Euphorbia systyloides var. pedunculata N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 520 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia lophogona Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 417 (1789)
Distribution: E-Madagascar; Society Isl. [I]
29 MDG 61 sci
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia fournieri Leandri; Cactus (Paris) 32: 44 (1952) non Rebut
= Euphorbia madagascariensis Comm. ex Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 417 (1788) (pro syn.)
variant :
var. tenuicaulis Rauh; Euphorbia J. 7: 23 (1991)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia lorentzii Müll.Arg.; J. Bot. 12: 231 (1874)
Distribution: Uruguay; Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Cordoba, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman)
85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce lorentzii (Müll.Arg.) Croizat; Lilloa 8: 405 (1942)
= Euphorbia brasiliensis var. lorentzii (Müll.Arg.) Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 99 (1874)
species :
Euphorbia loricata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 416 (1788)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia armata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 86 (1800)
= Euphorbia eustacei N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 122 (1913)
= Euphorbia hystrix Jacq.; Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 43, t. 207 (1797)
= Treisia hystrix (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 131 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia lorifolia (P.R.O.Bally) Malaisse; Fl. Upper Katanga Copperbelt 180 (2016)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pseudoracemosa var. lorifolia (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006)
= Monadenium pseudoracemosum var. lorifolium P.R.O.Bally; Gen. Monaden. 49 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia lottiae V.W.Steinm.; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 24: 179 (2005)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia louwii L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 46(2): 207 (1980)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia luapulana L.C.Leach; Excelsa 15: 16 (1991 publ. 1992)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia lucida Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 54 (1801)
Name: Glanz-Wolfsmilch (DE), Shining spurge (EN)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Rheinland-Pfalz); Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Belarus; C-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Iowa [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I])
11 AUT CZE GER HUN POL SLO 13 BIH BUL CRO KOS ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 GEO 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa
Remarks: esula agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia androsaemifolia (Haw.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 323 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia esula var. triumfetti (Bertol.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 652 (1881)
= Euphorbia lucida f. angustifolia (Tausch) Slavík; Preslia 45(2): 120 (1973)
= Euphorbia lucida f. leiocarpa (Tausch) Slavík; Preslia 45(2): 120 (1973)
= Euphorbia lucida var. androsaemifolia (Haw.) Schur; Sert. Fl. Transsilv. (1852)
= Euphorbia lucida var. angustifolia Tausch; Exsicc. (Herb. Fl. Bohem.) 1851: no. 1359c (1851)
= Euphorbia lucida var. esulolucida Andrae; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 13: 914 (1855)
= Euphorbia lucida var. latifolia W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 632 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia lucida var. latifolia Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 282 (1829)
= Euphorbia lucida var. leiocarpa Tausch; Flora 12(2): 117 (1829)
= Euphorbia lucida var. linearifolia Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 282 (1829)
= Euphorbia lucida var. salicifolia W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 632 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia lucida var. salicifolia Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 282 (1829)
= Euphorbia triumfetti Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 5: 85 (1842)
= Galarhoeus androsaemifolius Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 146 (1812)
= Galarhoeus lucidus (Waldst. & Kit.) Rydb.; Brittonia 1: 93 (1931)
= Keraselma lucidum (Waldst. & Kit.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus lucidus (Waldst. & Kit.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4: 292 (1858)
= Tithymalus salicifolius var. lucidus (Waldst. & Kit.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 604 (1864)
species :
Euphorbia lucii-smithii B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 36 (1896)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia lucorum Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 239 (1859)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning); North Korea; South Korea
31 RFE 36 CHI 38 KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lucorum f. glabrata (Maxim.) Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 513 (1940)
= Euphorbia lucorum f. latifolia Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 514 (1940)
= Euphorbia lucorum var. glabrata Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 11: 834 (1883)
= Euphorbia lucorum var. simplicior Rupr.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 239 (1859)
= Galarhoeus lucorum (Rupr.) Kitag.; Bull. Inst. Sci. Res. Manchoukuo 1(3): 3 (1937)
= Galarhoeus lucorum f. glabratus (Maxim.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 6-6: 255 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lucorum f. latifolius (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 255 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lucorum f. simplicior (Rupr.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 255 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lucorum var. glabrata (Maxim.) Nakai; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 585 (1979)
species :
Euphorbia lugardiae (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Monadenium
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium lugardiae N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 138 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia lukoseana S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(4): 188 (2000)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia lundelliana Croizat; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 29: 476 (1943)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia lupatensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 514 (1911)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
species :
Euphorbia lurida Engelm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 173 (1861)
Name: Woodland spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lurida var. pringlei Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 39 (1899)
= Euphorbia palmeri Engelm.; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 75 (1880)
= Euphorbia palmeri var. peplifolia Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 41 (1899)
= Euphorbia palmeri var. subpubens (Engelm.) L.C.Wheeler; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 30: 473 (1940)
= Euphorbia peplifolia Engelm.; Checkl. N. Amer. Pl. 114 (1887), nomen
= Euphorbia subpubens Engelm.; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 76 (1880)
= Tithymalus luridus (Engelm.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 145 (1913)
= Tithymalus palmeri (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Dayton; Misc. Publ. U.S.D.A. 101: 93 (1931) (in obs.)
= Tithymalus subpubens (Engelm.) Norton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 25: 342 (1925)
species :
Euphorbia luteoviridis D.G.Long; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 44(1): 163 (1986)
Distribution: Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal)
40 IND NEP
species :
Euphorbia lutosa S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 416 (1980)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia lutulenta (Croizat) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989)
Distribution: Uruguay (Florida)
85 URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce lutulenta Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 195 (1945)
species :
Euphorbia luzoniensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 16: 578 (1920)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce luzoniensis (Merr.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia lycioides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 29 (1860)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Piauí)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia lydenburgensis Schweick. & Letty; Fl. Pl. South Africa 13: t. 486 (1933)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
variant :
var. minor Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 55, figs. 39-42 (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia macdonaldii Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 510 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
variant :
var. potentillina (Baill.) Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 513 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia australis var. potentillina Baill.; Adansonia 6: 283 (1866)
species :
Euphorbia machrisiae Steyerm.; Contr. Sci. Mus. Nat. Hist. Los Angeles 21: 11 (1958)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia maconochieana B.G.Thomson; Nuytsia 8(3): 354 (1992)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia macra Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 941 (1900)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: sect. Tenellae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia nenensis Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 942 (1900)
= Euphorbia tenella Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 738 (1898), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia macraulonia Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 507 (1895)
Distribution: Chile (Metropolitana de Santiago)
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia macrocarpa Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 197 (1860)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus macrocarpus (Boiss. & Buhse) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 350 (1949), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus notabilis Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 174 (1972), nom. nov.
species :
Euphorbia macroceras Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 4: 36 (1837)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Remarks: macroceras agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus macroceras (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 95 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia macroclada Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 54 (1844)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
33 ARM GEO 34 IRN IRQ JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia damascena Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 113 (1853)
= Euphorbia lorentii Hochst.; Wanderungen Morgenl. [Lorent] 344 (1845)
= Euphorbia macroclada var. aceras Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 26: 140 (1912)
= Euphorbia noeana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 166 (1862)
= Euphorbia schizoceras Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 55 (1844)
= Euphorbia syspirensis K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 727 (1848)
= Euphorbia tetraceras Szov. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 166 (1862)
= Euphorbia tinctoria Boiss. & A.Huet; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 166 (1862)
= Euphorbia tinctoria var. schizoceras (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 166 (1862)
= Tithymalus damascenus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 96 (1860)
= Tithymalus macrocladus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 97 (1860)
= Tithymalus schizoceras (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 98 (1860)
= Tithymalus syspirensis (K.Koch) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 97 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia macroglypha Lem.; Ill. Hort. 4(Misc.): 72 (1857)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arborescens Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 82 (1862), pro syn.
species :
Euphorbia macrophylla Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 122 (1894)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; ?Togo; Benin; Central African Republic; S-Chad; South Sudan; ?Tanzania
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB IVO MLI SEN 23 CAF 24 CHA SSU
species :
Euphorbia macropodoides B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 164 (1895)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Zygophyllidium macropodoides (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Arthur; Torreya 24: 52 (1924)
species :
Euphorbia macropus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 52 (1862)
Name: Huachuca Mountain spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Honduras
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX 80 HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum crassipes Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 38 (1860)
= Anisophyllum macropus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 33 (1860)
= Eumecanthus tener (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
= Euphorbia biformis S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 151 (1882 publ. 1883)
= Euphorbia plummerae S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 195 (1883)
= Euphorbia retroscabra S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 449 (1887)
= Euphorbia tenera S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 150 (1882 publ. 1883)
= Zygophyllidum biforme (S.Watson) Arthur; Torreya 11: 260 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia macrorrhiza C.A.Mey.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 26 (1830)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); N-China
30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus macrorrhizus (C.A.Mey.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 79 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia maculata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 455 (1753)
Name: Gefleckte Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE); Spotted sandmat, Spotted Spurge (EN); Chirriguela pintada (ES)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I]); Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Austria [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Algeria [I]; Azores [I] (Terceira [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I], Faial [I], Flores Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Armenia [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I] (S-Anatolia [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], N-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I], S-Sinai [I]); China [I] (Hebei [I], Henan [I], Hubei [I], Jiangxi [I], Jiangsu [I], Zhejiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Taiwan [I]; Vietnam [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Aitutaki [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kure Isl. [I], Midway Isl. [I], Sand Island); Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Belize; Bahamas; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia [I]; Guyana [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I])
10 grb 11 aut ger hun lie swi 12 cis fra gib por sar spa 13 bih bul cro grc ita kri rom sic slv 14 blr rus 20 alg 21 azo cny 31 rfe 32 tzk 33 arm aze geo ncs 34 eai isr sin tur 36 chi 38 jap kor tai 41 vie 50 aus lhi 51 nzl 61 coo sci 62 mrs 63 haw 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ 81 ARU BAH BON CUR 82 clm guy 83 bol ecu 85 arg cle uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum maculatum (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 162 (1812)
= Chamaesyce jovetii (Huguet) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 176 (1973)
= Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 713, 1333 (1903)
= Chamaesyce pseudonutans Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 431 (1917)
= Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 119 (1940), in obs., japonice
= Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) Moldenke; Annot. Classified List Moldenke Collect. Numbers 135 (1939)
= Chamaesyce tracyi Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 713 (1903)
= Euphorbia depressa Torr. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 794 (1826)
= Euphorbia jovetii Huguet; Botaniste 54(1-6): 153 (1971)
= Euphorbia maculata var. detonsa Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 47 (1862)
= Euphorbia maculata var. parvula Riddell; Syn. Fl. West. States 32 (1835)
= Euphorbia polygonifolia Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 5 (Suppl.): t. 13, f. 3 (1797) non L.
= Euphorbia supina Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 119 (1817)
= Euphorbia supina Raf. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 47 (1862)
= Euphorbia thymifolia Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 606 (1814) non L.
= Tithymalus maculatus (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 666 (1794)
= Xamesike depressa (Torr. ex Spreng.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 97 (1840)
= Xamesike littoralis Raf.; Autik. Bot. 97 (1840)
= Xamesike maculata (L.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 97 (1840)
= Xamesike supina (Raf. ex Boiss.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 97 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia macvaughii Carvajal & Lomelí; Phytologia 49(3): 189 (1981)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia maddenii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 141 (1862)
Distribution: Pakistan (Dir, Swat, Hazara, Murree); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh)
40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus maddenii (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia madinahensis Fayed & Al-Zahrani; Edinburgh J. Bot. 64(2): 117 (2007)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia
35 SAU
species :
Euphorbia mafingensis (Hargr.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi
26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium mafingense Hargr.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 53(6): 292 (1981)
species :
Euphorbia magdalenae Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 50 (1844)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce magdalenae (Benth.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Chamaesyce watsonii (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
= Euphorbia blepharostipula Millsp. ex N.E.Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 77 (1890)
= Euphorbia espirituensis M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 18: 50 (1933)
= Euphorbia watsonii Millsp.; Zoe 1: 347 (1890)
species :
Euphorbia magnicapsula S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(3): 678 (1987)
Distribution: South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
24 SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA
variant :
var. lacertosa S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(3): 679 (1987)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya
25 KEN UGA
species :
Euphorbia magnifica (E.A.Bruce) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium magnificum E.A.Bruce; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940: 51 (1940)
species :
Euphorbia mahaboana Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 16 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa, Toamasina)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia mahabobokensis Rauh; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 19, 17 (1995)
Distribution: SC-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia mahafalensis Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 78 (1921), et in Rev. Gén. Bot. 34: 110 (1922)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
species :
Euphorbia mainty Denis ex Leandri; Cat. Pl. Madag., Euphorb. 16 (1935), nom. inval., et Adansonia, Sér. 2, 6: 344 (1966)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia mainty (Leandri) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
= Euphorbia intisy var. mainty Poiss.; Rech. Fl. Mérid. Madagascar 51 (1912)
species :
Euphorbia major (Pax) Bruyns; Euphorbia World 3(1): 5 (2007)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia neoerubescens Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
= Lortia erubescens Rendle; J. Bot. 36: 30 (1898)
= Lortia major Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 289 (1903)
= Lortia major Pax ex Engl.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 730 (1906) (nomen)
= Monadenium erubescens (Rendle) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 457 (1911)
= Monadenium majus (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 457 (1911)
= Monadenium majus f. bloribunda P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 36 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia makallensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 36(1): 31 (1981)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia makayensis Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 18 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia makinoi Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 262-263 (1911)
Distribution: China (Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hongkong); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce makinoi (Hayata) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 356 (1938)
species :
Euphorbia maleolens E.Phillips; Fl. Pl. South Africa 12: 459 (1932)
Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo)
27 BOT SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia davyi subsp. maleolens (E.Phillips) Hargr.; Euphorbiaceae Study Group Bull. 8(3): 100 (1995)
species :
Euphorbia malevola L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 30: I (1964)
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; NE-Zimbabwe; NW-Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
species :
Euphorbia malleata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 153 (1862)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus malleatus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia malurensis Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 100: 52 (1963)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Faryab)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus malurensis (Rech.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia malvana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 41 (1940)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus malvanus (Maire) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia mamfwensis (Malaisse & Lecron) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium mamfwense Malaisse & Lecron; Bull. Séances Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre-Mer 40(3): 405 (1994 publ. 1995)
species :
Euphorbia mammillaris L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 451 (1753)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cereiformis K.Schum.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 55 (1898), non L. 1753
= Euphorbia cereiformis var. echinata Salm-Dyck ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 88 (1862)
= Euphorbia cereiformis var. submamillaris A.Berger; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 106 (1902)
= Euphorbia echinata Salm-Dyck; Hort. Dyck. 342 (1834), nomen
= Euphorbia enneagona Haw.; Misc. Nat. 184 (1803)
= Euphorbia erosa Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 27 (1814)
= Euphorbia fimbriata Scop.; Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 3: 8 (1788)
= Euphorbia mammillaris var. spinosior A.Berger; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 109 (1902)
= Euphorbia mammillaris var. submammillaris A.Berger; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 125 (1902)
= Euphorbia platymammillaris Croizat; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 333 (1932)
= Euphorbia scopoliana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 615 (1841), nom. superfl.
= Euphorbia submamillaris (A.Berger) A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 95 (1907 publ. 1906)
= Treisia erosa (Willd.) Haw.; Suppl. Pl. Succ. 66 (1819)
= Vallaris fimbriata (Scop.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia mananarensis Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 69 (1945)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia mandravioky Leandri; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 104: 499 (1958)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia capuronii Leandri; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 103: 608 (1957), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia mangelsdorffii Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 49: 44 (1998)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia mangokyensis Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 80 (1921)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia razafindratsirae Lavranos; Succulentes 2002(3): 7 (2002)
species :
Euphorbia maoershanensis F.N.Wei & J.S.Ma; Phytotaxa 87(3): 45 (2013)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia marayensis Subils; Kurtziana 8: 73 (1975)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Salta, San Juan)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce marayensis (Subils) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 425 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia marciae V.W.Steinm.; Taxonomy 2(3): 292 (2022)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, México State)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia maresii Knoche; Fl. Balear. 2: 161 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. maresii
Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca)
12 BAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia maresii var. minoriscensis Knoche; Fl. Baléar. 2: 163 (1922)
= Euphorbia rivasii P.Palau; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 11(2): 510 (1953)
= Tithymalus maresii (Knoche) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. balearica (Willk.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 5 (1973) ex Molero, Mus, Rosselló & J. Vallès, Acta Bot. Gallica, 140(1): 78 (1993)
Distribution: Baleares (Mallorca)
12 BAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia gayi var. balearica Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 2: 152 (1892)
= Euphorbia balearica (Willk.) Romo; Fl. Silvestres Baleares 205 (1994)
species :
Euphorbia margalidiana Kuhbier & Lewej.; Veröff. Überseemus. Bremen, A, Naturwiss. 5: 25 (1978)
Distribution: Baleares (Islotes de Ses Margalides near Ibiza)
12 BAL
Conservation Status: IUCN CR. Known only from a single site on an islet close to Ibiza
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia squamigera subsp. margalidiana (Kuhbier & Lewej.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Man. Països Catalans 2: 580 (1990)
species :
Euphorbia margaretae S.Carter; Euphorbia J. 4: 147 (1987), et Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 407 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia marginata Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 607 (1814)
Name: Snow on the mountain (EN), Weißrandige Wolfsmilch, Schnee-auf-dem-Berge (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Croatia [I]; Belarus [I]; South Africa [I]; Siberia [I] (Altai [I]); Northern Caucasus [I]; China [I]; Taiwan [I]; India [c]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Vanuatu [I]; Canada (Manitoba, Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Campeche, Coahuila, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); S-Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]
11 ger hun slo 13 cro 14 blr 27 saf 30 sib 33 ncs 36 chi 38 tai 40 ind 50 aus 60 van 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 84 bra 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma marginata (Pursh) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 40 (1961)
= Dichrophyllum marginata (Pursh) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 249 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 44 (1860)
= Euphorbia bejariensis DC.; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 2: 157 (1841)
= Euphorbia bonplandii Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 456 (1830)
= Euphorbia leucoloma Raf.; Herb. Raf. 22 (1833)
= Euphorbia marginata Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 61 (1817), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia marginata var. uloleuca Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 261 (1845)
= Euphorbia torrida DC.; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 2: 158 (1841)
= Euphorbia variegata Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 1747 (1815)
= Lepadena leucoloma (Raf.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1838)
= Lepadena marginata (Pursh) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Tithymalus marginatus (Pursh) Cockerell; Torreya 9: 119 (1909)
= Tithymalus marginatus (Pursh) Haw.; (1819)
= Tithymalus marginatus f. inornata Daniels; Fl. Boulder Colorado [Daniels] 165 (1911)
= Tithymalus marginatus var. tetramerus Cockerell; Fl. Boulder Colorado [Daniels] 165 (1911)
= Tithymalus variegatus (Sims) Haw.; Suppl. Pl. Succ. 68 (1819)
species :
Euphorbia marie-cladieae Rzepecky; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 85(1): 10 (2013)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia maritae Rauh; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 17(4): 217 (1999)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia marotsipoyana Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 11(2): 43 (2019)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia marrupana Bruyns; Novon 16(4): 456 (2006)
Distribution: N-Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Euphorbia marsabitensis S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3857 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia marschalliana Kotschy ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 94 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. marschalliana
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
33 ARM AZE GEO 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia myrsinites Pall. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 579 (1850)
= Tithymalus marschallianus (Kotschy ex Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 86 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. armena (Prokh.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); NE-Turkey
33 ARM AZE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia armena Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 741 (1949)
= Tithymalus marschallianus subsp. armenus (Prokh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. woronowii (Grossh.) Prokh.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1964: 232 (1964)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia woronowii Grossh.; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 14: 24 (1916)
= Tithymalus marschallianus subsp. woronowii (Grossh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972), et Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199, (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus woronowii (Grossh.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 209, in obs.(1933)
species :
Euphorbia martinae Rauh; Succulentes 22(3): 12 (1999)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia maryrichardsiae G.Will.; Euphorbia World 4(3): 10 (2008)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia matabelensis Pax; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15: 51 (1900)
Distribution: ?Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (Caprivi Strip); N-Botswana
24 SOM 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Lyciopsis
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia inelegans N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 547 (1911)
= Euphorbia jaegeriana Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 87 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia matritensis Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 35 (1860)
Distribution: E-Portugal; C- & S-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia matritensis var. ramosissima Daveau; Bol. Soc. Brot. 3: 29 (1885)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis Coss. ex Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 501 (1877), nom. illeg., non All.
= Tithymalus matritensis (Boiss.) Samp.; Anais Fac. Sci. Porto 17: 46 (1931)
species :
Euphorbia mauritanica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 452 (1753)
Distribution: Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Namibia; South Africa (Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I]); India [c]
20 egy 27 LES NAM SAF 34 sin 40 ind
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Aphyllis, subsect. Africanae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia corallothamnus Dinter; Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 215, 218 (1930)
= Euphorbia hydnorae E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 95 (1862)
= Euphorbia mauritanica var. corallothamnus (Dinter) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 119 (1941)
= Euphorbia mauritanica var. foetens A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 115 (1941)
= Euphorbia mauritanica var. lignosa A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 961 (1941)
= Euphorbia mauritanica var. minor A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 961 (1941)
= Euphorbia mauritanica var. namaquensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 292 (1915)
= Euphorbia melanosticta E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 95 (1862)
= Euphorbia paxiana Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 265 (1921)
= Euphorbia phymatoclada Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 24 (1860)
= Euphorbia sarcostemmatoides Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 304 (1921)
= Tirucalia mauritanica (L.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
= Tirucalia paxiana (Dinter) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
= Tirucalia sarcostemmatoides (Dinter) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
= Tithymalus brachypus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 74 (1860)
= Tithymalus flaccidus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 665 (1794)
= Tithymalus mauritanicus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 139 (1812)
= Tithymalus zeyheri Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 71 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia mayfieldii V.W.Steinm.; Syst. Bot. 37(4): 960 (2012)
Distribution: Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
species :
Euphorbia maysillesii McVaugh; Brittonia 13: 177 (1961)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia mazandaranica Pahlevani; Nordic J. Bot. 32(3): 267 (2014)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia mazicum Emb. & Maire; Pl. Marocc. Nov. (Arch. Sci. Maroc), Fasc. II. 7 (1929)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mazicum Emb. & Maire, Emb. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 21-22: 48 (1930)
= Tithymalus mazicum (Emb. & Maire) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia mbuinzauensis N.Wei, Mwachala, G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang; PhytoKeys 183: 27, figs. 1-4 (2021)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia mcvaughiana M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 123 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus mcvaughianus (M.C.Johnst.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia medicaginea Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 82 (1838)
Distribution: S-Portugal; S-Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 BAL GIB POR SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arsenariensis (Batt.) Batt. & Trab.; Fl. Algérie Tunisie 301 (1905)
= Euphorbia azorica Welw. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 144 (1862)
= Euphorbia dracunculoides subsp. melillensis Pau ex Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 228 (1935)
= Euphorbia dracunculoides var. faurei Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 22: 64 (1931)
= Euphorbia italica Salzm. ex Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 570 (1842)
= Euphorbia latifolia Salzm. ex Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 570 (1842)
= Euphorbia mazarronensis Esteve; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 23: 173 (1967)
= Euphorbia medicaginea f. balearica Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 175 (1936), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia medicaginea subsp. arsenariensis (Batt.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie, Suppl. Phan. 82 (1910)
= Euphorbia medicaginea var. arsenariensis Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 45: 240 (1898)
= Euphorbia medicaginea var. oblongifolia Ball; Spicil. Fl. Marocc. [Ball]: 659 (1878)
= Euphorbia medicaginea var. ramosissima Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 289 (1896)
= Tithymalus medicagineus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 83 (1860)
= Tithymalus medicagineus subsp. arsenariensis (Batt.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia meenae S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(4): 210 (2000)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Karnataka)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia megalatlantica Ball; J. Bot. 13: 205 (1875)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Remarks: biumbellata agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia megalatlantica var. calliceras Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 364 (1939)
= Euphorbia pachyceras Coss. ex Lacaita; Cavanillesia 1: 9 (1928)
= Tithymalus megalatlanticus (Ball) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia megalocarpa Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 100: 54 (1963)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badakshan, Farah, Kabul, Parwan)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus megalocarpus (Rech.f) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia meganaesos Featherm.; Rep. Bot. Surv. S. & Centr. Louisiana 71, 105 (1871)
Distribution: USA (Texas, Louisiana)
77 USA 78 USA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
species :
Euphorbia melanadenia Torr. & A.Gray; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4) [Whipple] 135 (1857)
Name: Red-gland spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum melanadenium (Torr. & A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 23 (1860)
= Chamaesyce aureola Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 406 (1916)
= Chamaesyce melanadenia (Torr. & A.Gray) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Euphorbia cinerascens var. appendiculata Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 186 (1859)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. appendiculata (Engelm.) Munz; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 31: 68 (1932)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. vestita S.Watson; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 73 (1880)
species :
Euphorbia melanocarpa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 41 (1862)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce melanocarpa (Boiss.) G.L.Webster; Cat. Vasc. Pl. Ecuador (Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75): 954 (1999)
species :
Euphorbia melanohydrata Nel; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 31 (1935)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia melanohydrata subsp. conica Swanepoel; Phytotaxa 62: 34-35 (2012)
species :
Euphorbia melicae Ewest; Euphorbia World 11(1): 21 (2015)
Distribution: N-Chile
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia mellifera Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 493 (1789)
Name: Honiggebende Wolfsmilch (DE); Canary Spurge (EN); Tabaiba de monteverde (ES)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (S-Ireland [I]); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma)
10 grb ire 21 CNY MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia longifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 417 (1788), nom. rej.
= Euphorbia longifolia var. canariensis (Boiss.) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae
= Euphorbia mellifera var. canariensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 108 (1862)
= Kobiosis mellifera (Aiton) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 94 (1840), Pennell, in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48: 94 (1921)
= Tithymalus mellifer (Aiton) Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 282 (1802)
species :
Euphorbia meloformis Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 135 (1789)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia falsa N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 358 (1915)
= Euphorbia meloformis f. falsa (N.E.Br.) Marx; Euphorbiaceae Study Group Bull. 12(1): 32 (1999)
= Euphorbia meloformis f. magna R.A.Dyer ex Marx; Euphorbiaceae Study Group Bull. 12(1): 13 (1999)
= Euphorbia meloformis subsp. valida (N.E.Br.) G.D.Rowley; Euphorbiaceae Study Group Bull. 11(3): 97 (1998)
= Euphorbia meloformis var. pomiformis (Thunb.) Marloth; S. African Gard. 18: 45 (1928)
= Euphorbia meloformis var. prolifera Frick; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 6: 74 (1934)
= Euphorbia meloniformis Lem.; Jard. Fleur. 4(Misc.): 65 (1854), nomen
= Euphorbia pomiformis Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 86 (1800)
= Euphorbia pyriformis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 359 (1915)
= Euphorbia valida N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 356 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia memoralis R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. Africa 29: t. 1129 (1952)
Distribution: S-Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia mendezii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 15 (1860)
Name: Mendez´s sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico State, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Belize; Bahamas; Cuba
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ 81 BAH CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum leucanthum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 27 (1860)
= Chamaesyce barbicarina Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 401 (1916)
= Chamaesyce dorsiventralis (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
= Chamaesyce leucantha (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Chamaesyce mendezii (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Euphorbia barbicarina (Millsp.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 3, 323 (1930)
= Euphorbia dorsiventralis Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 391 (1908)
= Euphorbia leucantha (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 42 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia mercurialina Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 212 (1803)
Name: Mercury spurge
Distribution: USA (Alabama, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma ciliata Raf.; Autik. Bot. 94 (1840)
= Agaloma mercurialina (Michx.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 299 (1912)
= Euphorbia mercurialis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 13 (1806)
= Tithymalopsis mercurialina (Michx.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 716 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia meridensis Pittier; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 356 (1929)
Distribution: Venezuela (Barinas, Merida)
82 VEN
species :
Euphorbia meridionalis P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3853 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Euphorbia mertonii Fosberg; Kew Bull. 33(2): 181 (1978)
Distribution: Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] (Juan de Nova Isl.); Aldabra
29 ALD
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce mertonii (Fosberg) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 150(3-4): 138 (1981 publ. 1982)
species :
Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia Jacq.; Enum. Syst. Pl. 22 (1760)
Name: Coastal beach sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida); Bermuda; Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Anegada, Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; St. Eustatius; Antigua; Barbuda; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Trinidad; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; Colombia (Bolívar, La Guajira, Magdalena, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Sucre); ?French Guiana; Galapagos
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU ARU BAH BBD BER BON CAY CUB CUR GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SBA STE STL STM STV TCI TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM SWC VEN 83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum flexuosum (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 35 (1860)
= Anisophyllum glabratum (Sw.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 35 (1860)
= Chamaesyce buxifolia (Lam.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 711 (1903)
= Chamaesyce mesembryanthemifolia (Jacq.) Dugand; Phytologia 13: 385 (1966)
= Chamaesyce yayalesia (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 11: 12 (1952)
= Euphorbia buxifolia f. florida Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 61 (1900)
= Euphorbia buxifolia f. reclinata Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 60 (1900)
= Euphorbia buxifolia f. seminuda Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 60 (1900)
= Euphorbia buxifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 421 (1788)
= Euphorbia buxifolia var. flexuosa (Kunth) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 15 (1862)
= Euphorbia buxifolia var. mesembryanthemifolia (Kunth) Oudejans; (1992)
= Euphorbia buxifolia var. ramosissima Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 61 (1900)
= Euphorbia flexuosa Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 55 (1817)
= Euphorbia glabrata Sw.; Prodr. [O.P.Swartz] 76 (1788)
= Euphorbia litoralis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 54 (1817)
= Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia f. florida (Millsp.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia f. reclinata (Millsp.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia f. seminuda (Millsp.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia var. flexuosa (Kunth) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia mesembryanthemifolia var. ramosissima (Millsp.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia myrtilloides Schltdl. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 35 (1860)
= Euphorbia salina Willd. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 15 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia yayalesia Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 232 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia meuleniana O.Schwartz; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 147 (1939)
Distribution: Yemen (SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut)
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia meuselii Geltman; Komarovia 2: 24 (2002)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily
13 ITA SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia amygdaloides subsp. arbuscula Meusel; Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 18: 134 (1969)
= Euphorbia meuselii Mazzola & Raimondo; Bocconea 20: 11 (2007), isonym
= Tithymalus amygdaloides subsp. arbuscula (Meusel) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia mexiae Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 220 (1929)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia meyeniana Klotzsch; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 19, Suppl. 1: 414 (1843)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz, Tarija); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Pres. Hayes); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Atacama)
83 BOL PER 85 CLE PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum meyenianum (Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 25 (1860)
= Chamaesyce meyeniana (Klotzsch) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 184 (1943)
= Euphorbia maculata Lechl. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 42 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia meyeniana var. viscidula Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 42 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia michaelii Thulin; Kew Bull. 64(3): 474 (2009)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia micractina Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 127 (1862)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan); Tibet; Pakistan (Deosai); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lancasteriana Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 54(1): 227 (1999)
= Euphorbia lucorum var. parvifolia H.L.Yang; Fl. Ningxiaensis 1: 428 (1986)
= Euphorbia micractina var. tangutica (Prokh.) W.T.Wang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 41 (1988)
= Euphorbia tangutica Prokh.; Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 6, 20: 1371, in obs., 1383 in clavi (1926)
= Euphorbia villifera W.T.Wang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 42 (1988), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia wangii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 49 (1989)
= Galarhoeus tanguticus (Prokh.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 26 (1941)
= Tithymalus micractinus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
= Tithymalus tanguticus (Prokh.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 101 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia microcarpa (Prokh.) Krylov; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 8: 1878 (1934)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang)
30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia subtilis (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 421 (1949)
= Galarhoeus subtilis Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 48 (1941)
= Tithymalus microcarpus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 53, in clavi, et 171 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia micromera Boiss.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 171 (1861)
Name: Sonoran sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Veracruz)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce micromera (Boiss.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 144 (1913)
= Chamaesyce pseudoserpyllifolia (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Euphorbia podagrica I.M.Johnst.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 440 (1922)
= Euphorbia pseudoserpyllifolia f. villosa J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 53 (1933)
= Euphorbia pseudoserpyllifolia Millsp.; Pittonia 2: 87 (1890)
= Euphorbia setiloba var. nodulosa Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 2: 427 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia microsciadia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 89 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badghys, Bamyan, Farah, Ghazni, Ghorat, Wardak, Orozgan / Daykundi); Jordania (W-Jordania); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
34 AFG IRN JOR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia isophylla Bornm.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 554 (1908)
= Euphorbia kazerouni Parsa; Kew Bull. [3]: 227 (1948)
= Euphorbia kazerouni var. stricta Parsa; Kew Bull. [3]: 228 (1948)
= Euphorbia persepolitana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 92 (1846)
= Euphorbia striata Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 91 (1846), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia striatella Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 152 (1862)
= Euphorbia striatella var. microsciadia (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 153 (1862)
= Euphorbia striatella var. persepolitana (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 152 (1862)
= Euphorbia yamashitae Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 134 (1958)
= Tithymalus microsciadius (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 74 (1860)
= Tithymalus persepolitanus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 74 (1860)
= Tithymalus striatus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 86 (1860)
= Tithymalus yamashitae (Kitam.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia microsphaera Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 87 (1846)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Azerbaijan (Talysh); East Aegaean Isl. (Karpathos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (Jazira, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley); China (Xinjiang)
32 TZK UZB 33 AZE 34 EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 36 CHI
Remarks: valerianifolia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mohammerensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 118 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia subtuberculata C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 118 (1862)
= Euphorbia unilateralis Blakelock; Kew Bull. [6]: 453 (1951 publ. 1952)
= Tithymalus microsphaerus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 74 (1860)
= Tithymalus unilateralis (Blakelock) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 428 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia migiurtinorum Chiov.; Fl. Somala 300 (1929)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
species :
Euphorbia milii Des Moul.; Bull. Hist. Nat. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 1: 27 (1826)
Name: Crown of Thorns (EN); Corona de Cristo, Espina de Cristo (ES); Christusdorn (DE)
Distribution: Morocco [I]; Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I]); Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; Chad [I]; SE-Madagascar (Toliara); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; China [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [c]; Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Thailand [c]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico [I]; Belize [I]; Honduras [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl.; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Isla Margarita [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]
20 mor 21 cny 22 ben gam gui 23 cmn con 24 cha 29 mau MDG reu rod 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban ind ldv pak 41 cbd tha vie 42 jaw phi 60 nwc 62 mic 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz hon 81 cay cub HIS jam pue trt ven VIR 82 clm 83 bol ecu per
Remarks: milii agg. True identity confirmed only recently (Haevermans & Hetterscheid 2021). Many of the introduced records may refer to other species of the group or cultivars
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bojeri Hook.; Bot. Mag. 63: t. 3527 (1836)
= Euphorbia bojeri var. mucronulata Ram.Goyena; Fl. Nicarag. 1: 297 (1909)
= Euphorbia breonii Nois.; Ann. Fl. Pomone 1: 189 (1833), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia milii Des Moul. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 79 (1862)
= Euphorbia milii f. lutea Leandri; Cactus (Paris) 34: 112 (1952)
= Euphorbia milii subsp. breonii (Nois.) Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 8(1): 21 (2016)
= Euphorbia milii var. breonii (Nois.) Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 148 (1954 publ. 1955), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia splendens subsp. bojeri (Hook.) Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 84 (1921)
= Euphorbia splendens var. bojeri (Hook.) Costantin & Gallaud; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 11: 353 (1905)
= Sterigmanthe bojeri (Hook.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 252 (1859), et in Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 101 (1860), nomen
= Tumalis bojeri (Hook.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 114 (1836)
species :
Euphorbia millotii Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 138 (1954 publ. 1955)
Distribution: NE-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia minbuensis Gage; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 237 (1914)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce minbuensis (Gage) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia minuscula Bruyns; Phytotaxa 423(2): 94 (2019)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Esula
species :
Euphorbia minuta Loscos & J.Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 96 (1863)
Distribution: N- & E-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia juniperifolia Rich. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 164, 1267 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia matritensis var. pauciflora (Dufour) Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 14: 211 (1915)
= Euphorbia minuta subsp. moleroi P.Monts. & Ferrández; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 56(2): 382 (1998)
= Euphorbia pauciflora Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 442 (1860 publ. 1861), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia pauciflora var. dentata C.Vicioso ex Losa; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 7: 415 (1948)
= Euphorbia pauciflora var. pectinata C.Vicioso; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 10: 80 (1911)
= Tithymalus minutus (Loscos & J.Pardo) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 174 (1972)
= Tithymalus pauciflorus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 102 (1897)
species :
Euphorbia minutula Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1268 (1862)
Distribution: Bahamas; Cuba
81 BAH CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce brittonii (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 303 (1909)
= Chamaesyce liliputiana (C.Wright ex Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(11): 410 (1916)
= Chamaesyce minutula (Boiss.) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98 (1966)
= Chamaesyce niqueroana (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 11: 12 (1952)
= Chamaesyce paucipila (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Cubanthus brittonii (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 372 (1913)
= Euphorbia brittonii Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 159 (1906)
= Euphorbia liliputiana C.Wright ex Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 390 (1908)
= Euphorbia millspaughii V.W.Steinm. & P.E.Berry; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 64(2): 132 (2007), nom. nov. superfl. for E. brittonii Millsp.
= Euphorbia niqueroana Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 234 (1930)
= Euphorbia paucipila Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 389 (1908)
= Pedilanthus brittonii (Millsp.) Pax & K.Hoffm.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 19c: 223 (1931)
species :
Euphorbia mirzakhaniana Pahlevani; Kew Bull. 74(3)-49: 5 (2019)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia misella S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 146 (1891)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia biuncialis McVaugh; Brittonia 13: 172 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia misera Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 51 (1844)
Name: Cliff spurge
Distribution: USA (California, California Channel Isl.); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, San Luis Potosi, Sonora); Isla Guadalupe
76 USA 79 GLP MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia benedicta Greene; Pittonia 1: 263 (1889)
= Trichosterigma benedictum (Greene) Millsp.; Addisonia 2: 3 (1917)
= Trichosterigma miserum (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 248 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia missurica Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 146 (1832)
Name: Prairie sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming)
73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum arenarium Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 24 (1860)
= Chamaesyce missurica (Raf.) Shinners; Field & Lab. 17: 69 (1949)
= Chamaesyce missurica var. calcicola Shinners; Field & Lab. 17: 69 (1949)
= Chamaesyce missurica var. petaloidea (Engelm.) Dorn; Vasc. Pl. Wyoming, ed. 3: 376 (2001)
= Chamaesyce nuttallii (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 711 (1903)
= Chamaesyce petaloidea (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 711 (1903)
= Chamaesyce zygophylloides (Boiss.) Small; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 2: 464 (1913)
= Euphorbia arenaria Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 260 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia arenaria Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 171 (1835), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia missurica var. calcicola (Shinners) Waterf.; Rhodora 54: 127 (1952)
= Euphorbia missurica var. intermedia (Engelm.) L.C.Wheeler; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 11 (1940)
= Euphorbia missurica var. petaloidea (Engelm.) Dorn; Vasc. Pl. Wyoming 296 (1988)
= Euphorbia nuttallii (Engelm.) Small; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown] 2: 371 (1897)
= Euphorbia petaloidea Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 185 (1859)
= Euphorbia petaloidea var. intermedia Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 185 (1859)
= Euphorbia petaloidea var. nicolletii Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 185 (1858)
= Euphorbia petaloidea var. nuttallii Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 185 (1859)
= Euphorbia zygophylloides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 10 (1860)
= Euphorbia zygophylloides var. cymulosa Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 29 (1862)
= Vallaris missurica (Raf.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia mitchelliana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 25 (1862)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, Tasmania)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce mitchelliana (Boiss.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
= Chamaesyce mitchelliana var. hirta (Boiss.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
= Euphorbia mitchelliana var. cairnsiana Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 307 (1927)
= Euphorbia mitchelliana var. dietrichiae Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 307 (1927)
= Euphorbia mitchelliana var. filifolia Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 307 (1927)
= Euphorbia mitchelliana var. glauca Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 47 (1873)
= Euphorbia mitchelliana var. hirta Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 25 (1862)
= Euphorbia mitchelliana var. oblongifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 25 (1862)
= Euphorbia mitchelliana var. obtusifolia Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 307 (1927)
variant :
var. filipes (Benth.) Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 521 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, ?Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce alsiniflora (Baill.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24: 640 (1976)
= Chamaesyce filipes (Benth.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24: 640 (1976)
= Euphorbia alsiniflora Baill.; Adansonia 6: 288 (1866)
= Euphorbia filipes Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 51 (1873)
= Euphorbia macgillivrayi var. filipes (Benth.) Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 311 (1927)
variant :
var. longiloba Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 522 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia mitriformis P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 48(3): 128 (1976)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia mlanjeana L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 39(1): 3 (1973)
Distribution: S-Malawi; N-Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ
species :
Euphorbia momccoyae Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 83(6): 260 (2012)
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
species :
Euphorbia monacantha Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 285 (1903)
Distribution: ?Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz); Yemen
24 ETH SOM 35 SAU YEM
species :
Euphorbia monadenioides M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 42(1): 233 (1987)
Distribution: W-Ethiopia; Uganda
24 ETH 25 UGA
species :
Euphorbia monantha C.Wright ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 55 (1862)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus monanthus (C.Wright ex Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia mongolica (Prokh.) Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 558 (1930)
Distribution: N-China (Nei Mongol); Mongolia
36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus mongolicus Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 558 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia mongoliensis M.H.Li & C.H.Zhang; Phytotaxa 501(1): 94 (2021)
Distribution: China (Nei Mongol)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia monocyathium (Prokh.) Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 552 (1930)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KGZ TZK 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus monocyathium Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 14: 338 (1949)
species :
Euphorbia monostyla Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 739 (1949)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus monostylus (Prokh.) Prokh.
species :
Euphorbia monteiroi Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. 91: t. 5534 (1865)
subspecies :
subsp. monteiroi
Distribution: Angola; Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana
26 ANG ZIM 27 BOT NAM
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Pseudeuphorbium
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia baumii Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 636 (1908)
= Euphorbia longibracteata Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 742 (1898), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia marlothii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 36 (1888)
subspecies :
subsp. brandbergensis B.Nord.; Dinteria 11: 23 (1974)
Distribution: Namibia (Brandberg)
27 NAM
subspecies :
subsp. ramosa L.C.Leach; Dinteria 11: 23 (1964)
Distribution: E-Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga)
27 BOT SAF
species :
Euphorbia montenegrina (Bald.) K.Malý; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 20: 556 (1908)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; NW-Greece (mountains); Romania; European Turkey; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley)
13 ALB BIH GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM TUE 34 CYP IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: epithymoides agg. Covers the Balkans and W-Asia records of E. verrucosa fide Cakovic et al. 2021
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. serratifolia Rohlena; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1903(17): 55 (1903 publ. 1904)
= Euphorbia montenegrina var. bertiscea Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 38: 374 (1935)
= Euphorbia verrucosa var. montenegrina Bald.; Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Ist. Bologna Ser. 5, 9: 39 (1900)
= Tithymalus montenegrinus (Bald.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia montereyana Millsp.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 66 (1889)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia moratii Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 153 (1970)
Distribution: W-Madagascar
29 MDG
variant :
var. bemarahensis Cremers; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 54(3-4): 381 (1984)
Distribution: W-Madagascar
29 MDG
variant :
var. multiflora Rauh; Euphorbia J. 7: 27 (1991)
Distribution: W-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia mosaica P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 48(3): 125 (1976)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia mossambicensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 36 (1862)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Gauteng)
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum mossambicense Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 30 (1860)
= Chamaesyce mossambicensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
= Euphorbia mossambicensis var. nyasica N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 510 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia mossamedensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1037 (1913)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia motuogensis M.T.Li, X.Z.Lan, H.P.Deng & W.L.Zheng; Phytotaxa 527(2): 108 (2021)
Distribution: SE-Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Euphorbia mtolohensis Lodé; Cact.-Advent. Int. (Almeria) 99: 30-31 (2013)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia mucronulata (Prokh.) Pavlov; Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 1, Sist. Rast. Obscie Vopr. Rasteniev 2: 272 (1937)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia abolinii Korovin ex Pavlov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 42: 128 (1933), pro syn.
= Tithymalus mucronulatus Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 554 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia muelleri Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 27 (1862)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia multibrachiata Haev., Hett. & Spannring; Phytotaxa 492(1): 26 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Mahajanga)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia multiceps A.Berger; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 182 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. multiceps
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
subspecies :
subsp. tanquana Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 34, figs. 6-9 (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia multiclava P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Candollea 19: 158 (1964) (without type), et Candollea 29(2): 390 (1974), with type
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia multifaria Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 524 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Queensland, South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia multifida N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 253 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal?)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia multifolia A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 271 2: App. A, 962 (1941)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
species :
Euphorbia multiformis Gaudich. ex Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 95 (1832)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu, Maui)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum multiforme (Gaudich. ex Hook. & Arn.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 37 (1860)
= Chamaesyce arnottiana var. integrifolia (Hillebr.) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce hillebrandii (H.Lév.) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce hillebrandii var. palikeana (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce hillebrandii var. waimanoana (Sherff) Deg. & Croizat; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce multiformis (Gaudich. ex Hook. & Arn.) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: Chamaesyce leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia arnottiana var. integrifolia (Hillebr.) H.St.John; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 15: 234 (1940)
= Euphorbia celastroides var. hathewayi Sherff; Bot. Leafl. 3: 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia hillebrandii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 151 (1911)
= Euphorbia hillebrandii var. palikeana O.Deg. & Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 581 (1936)
= Euphorbia hillebrandii var. waimanoana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 581 (1936)
= Euphorbia hookeri var. integrifolia Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 397 (1888)
variant :
var. microphylla Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 12 (1862)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu, Molokai, West Maui, leeward Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce multiformis var. microphylla (Boiss.) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. tenuior A.Gray ex H.Mann; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 7: 202 (1866 publ. 1867)
species :
Euphorbia multinodis Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 341 (1899)
Distribution: Guadeloupe; Martinique
81 GDL MAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce multinodis (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia multiseta Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 51 (1840)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus multisetus (Benth.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia munizii Borhidi; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17 (1-2): 11 (1971 publ. 1972)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)
species :
Euphorbia muricata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 86 (1800)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia aspericaulis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 26 (1899)
= Euphorbia spicata E.Mey.; [Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184, nomen] ex Boiss. in Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 97 (1862)
= Tirucalia aspericaulis (Pax) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
= Tirucalia muricata (Thunb.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
= Tirucalia spicata (E.Mey. ex Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5: 93 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia murielii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 589 (1912)
Distribution: Sudan; South Sudan
24 SSU SUD
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia calycina N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 597 (1912)
= Euphorbia candelabrum Trémaux ex Kotschy; Mitth. K.K. Geogr. Ges. Wien 1(2): 169 (1857), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia muscicola Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 36: 495 (1901)
Distribution: Mexico (Morelos)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus muscicola (Fernald) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia musilii Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 6: 3 (1911 publ. 1912)
Distribution: Yemen
35 YEM
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia mwinilungensis L.C.Leach; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 46(1-2): 246 (1976)
Distribution: Angola; Zambia
26 ANG ZAM
species :
Euphorbia myrioclada S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 409 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia myrsinites L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 461 (1753)
Name: Myrten-Wolfsmilch (DE), Myrtle Spurge (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Hungary; Baleares; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Greece (widespread mainland, Athos, Evvoia, Kerkyra); Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Colorado [I], Idaho [I], New Mexico [I], Oregon [I], Utah [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I])
11 ger HUN 12 BAL COR 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SRB 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 76 usa 77 usa
Remarks: myrsinites agg. Records from Greece to Caucasus probably refer to E. pontica fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Endoisila myrsinites (L.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 114 (1838)
= Euphorbia curtifolia Chaub.; Nouv. Fl. Pélop. 30 (1838)
= Euphorbia marschalliana Kotschy ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 173 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia pectinata Albov; Bull. Herb. Boissier 2: 640 (1894)
= Euphorbion myrsinitum (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)
= Galarhoeus myrsinites (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 144 (1812)
= Murtekias myrsinites (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Tithymalus myrsinites (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia myrtillifolia L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1048 (1759)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce myrtillifolia (L.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Euphorbia emarginata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 426 (1788)
species :
Euphorbia myrtoides Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 15 (1862)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce myrtoides (Boiss.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
species :
Euphorbia nadiae Houyelle; Int. Cact. Advent. 111-112: 12, figs. (2016)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia nagleri (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 26 (1862)
Distribution: Java; Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 JAW LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum nagleri Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 31 (1860)
= Euphorbia nagleri var. baliensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 27 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia namaquensis N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 325 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia namibensis Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 318 (1909)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia argillicola Dinter; Neue Pfl. Südw.-Afr. [Dinter] 27 (1914)
= Euphorbia orabensis Dinter; Neue Pfl. Südw.-Afr. [Dinter] 28 (1914)
species :
Euphorbia namuliensis Bruyns; Novon 16(4): 454 (2006)
Distribution: N-Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Euphorbia nana Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 329, t. 82 (1836)
Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia natalensis Bernh.; Flora 28: 86 (1845)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Esula
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bachmannii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 535 (1897)
= Euphorbia crebrifolia S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45(2): 334 (1990)
= Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 168 (1862)
= Euphorbia epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 88 (1860) (nom. inval.)
= Euphorbia epicyparissias var. puberula N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 267 (1915)
= Euphorbia epicyparissias var. wahlbergii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 267 (1915)
= Euphorbia involucrata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 168 (1862)
= Euphorbia involucrata var. megastegia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 168 (1862)
= Euphorbia wahlbergii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 169 (1862), nom. superfl.
= Tithymalus apiculatus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 94 (1860)
= Tithymalus epicyparissias Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 88 (1860)
= Tithymalus involucratus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 91 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia nayarensis V.W.Steinm.; Aliso 19(2): 181 (2001)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Nayarit)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia negromontana N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 557 (1911)
subspecies :
subsp. negromontana
Distribution: SW-Angola; NW-Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia conformis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 601 (1912)
= Euphorbia fragiliramulosa L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 44: 201 (1970)
= Tirucalia negromontana (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
subspecies :
subsp. rimireptans (Swanepoel, R.W.Becker & Alma Möller) Bruyns; Euphorbia S. Africa 2: 523 (2022)
Distribution: Namibia (Skeleton Coast)
27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia rimireptans Swanepoel, R.W.Becker & Alma Möller; Phytotaxa 414(4): 166 (2019)
species :
Euphorbia neilmulleri M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 125 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus neilmulleri (M.C.Johnst.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia neoangolensis Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium angolense P.R.O.Bally; Gen. Monaden. 95 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia neoarborescens Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium arborescens P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 25 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia neobosseri Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64(5): 264 (1992), nom. nov.
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Remarks: milii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia milii var. bosseri Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 42: 271 (1970)
= Euphorbia sakarahaensis Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64(5): 265 (1992)
species :
Euphorbia neocaledonica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1263 (1862)
Distribution: New Caledonia (incl. Île des Pins); Vanuatu
60 NWC VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia serpens Baill.; Adansonia 2: 211 (1861 publ. 1862) non Kunth
species :
Euphorbia neocapitata Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Zimbabwe
25 TAN 26 ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium capitatum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 26 (1959)
= Monadenium fanshawei P.R.O.Bally; Gen. Monaden. 26 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia neocastillonii Houyelle; CactusWorld 39(4): 288 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia neochamaeclada Bruyns; Bothalia 40(2): 178 (2010), nom. nov.
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia chamaeclada Bruyns; Bothalia 39(2): 219 (2009), nom. illeg., homonym
species :
Euphorbia neococcinea Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium coccineum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 127 (1894), et Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 [Engler & Prantl] 19c: 222 (1931)
species :
Euphorbia neocrispa Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium crispum N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1034 (1913)
= Monadenium intermedium P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 28 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia neocymosa Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Uganda; Tanzania
25 TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium cymosum N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 469 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia neoelliotii J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Candollea 73(1): 23 (2018)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia neogillettii Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium gillettii S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 13(5): 541 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia neoglabrata Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium glabratum S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(3): 667 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia neoglaucescens Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium glaucescens Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 289 (1903)
= Synadenium glaucescens var. brevipes N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6: 467 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia neogoetzei Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium goetzei Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 342 (1901)
species :
Euphorbia neogossweileri Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Endadenium gossweileri (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 1(1-2): 32 (1973)
= Monadenium gossweileri N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 460 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia neogracilis Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium gracile P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 27 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia neohalipedicola Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium halipedicola L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 6(1-2): 47 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia neohumbertii Boiteau; Bull. Trimestriel Acad. Malgache, n. s. 24: 85 (1942)
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Montagnes des Francais, Falaise de l´Ankarana)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia neokaessneri Bruyns; Euphorbia World 3(1): 5 (2007), nom. nov.
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia kaessneri (N.E.Br.) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 413 (2006), homonym
= Monadenium kaessneri N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 459 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia neomontana Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium montanum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 28 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia neoparviflora Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi
26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium depauperatum (P.R.O.Bally) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 908 (1987)
= Monadenium laeve f. depauperata P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 35 (1959)
= Monadenium parviflorum N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 458 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia neopedunculata Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; N-Mozambique
23 BUR ZAI 25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium pedunculatum S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(4): 903 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia neopolycnemoides Pax & K.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 240 (1910)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce neopolycnemoides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
= Euphorbia arabica var. latappendiculata Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 85 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia neoreflexa Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium reflexum Chiov.; Webbia 8: 235 (1951)
species :
Euphorbia neorubella Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium montanum var. rubellum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 28 (1959)
= Monadenium rubellum (P.R.O.Bally) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 913 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia neospinescens Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. inval.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium spinescens (Pax) P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 34 (1959)
= Stenadenium spinescens Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 343 (1901)
species :
Euphorbia neostolonifera Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium rhizophorum var. stoloniferum P.R.O.Bally; Gen. Monaden. 55 (1961)
= Monadenium stoloniferum (P.R.O.Bally) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 913 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia neovirgata Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium virgatum P.R.O.Bally; Gen. Monaden. 65 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia nephradenia Barneby; Leafl. W. Bot. 10: 314 (1966)
Name: Paria spurge
Distribution: USA (Colorado, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA
species :
Euphorbia nereidum Jahand. & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 14: 68 (1923), et in Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 4: 106 (1923)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus nereidum (Jahand. & Maire) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia neriifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 451 (1753)
Name: Lechero (Cuba), Antena, Pararrayo (Dominican Republic); Cactus Hedge, Sehur (Trinidad & Tobago)
Distribution: Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; China [I] (Hainan [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal; S-India (Punjab [I], Haryana [I], Uttarakhand [I], West Bengal [I], Tripura [I], Madhya Pradesh [I], Rajasthan [I], Gujarat [I], Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Sumatra [I]; Borneo [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; Moluccas [I]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya); Palau [I] (Babeldaob [I], Koror [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I], Jaluit [I]); Honduras [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Guana [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Isla Margarita [I]
29 mau reu 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban IND NEP pak 41 cbd mya tha vie 42 bor jaw lsi mly mol NWG phi sum 62 gum mic mrs plu 80 hon 81 cub his jam pue trt ven vir 82 clm
Synonyms: hidden
= Elaeophorbia neriifolia (L.) A.Chev.; Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 28: 348 (1948)
= Euphorbia edulis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 298 (1790)
= Euphorbia ligularia Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. [36] (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 465 (1832)
= Euphorbia ligularia Roxb. ex Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14(2): 285 (1824)
= Euphorbia pentagona Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 413 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia pentagona Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 14 (1790), nomen
= Tithymalus edulis (Lour.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 587 (1882)
species :
Euphorbia nesomii Mayfield; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7(2): 639 (2013)
Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia nevadensis Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 110 (1852)
subspecies :
subsp. nevadensis
Name: Nevada-Wolfsmilch
Distribution: S- & E-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia esula subsp. nevadensis (Boiss. & Reut.) Malag.; Subesp. Variación Geogr. 5 (1973)
= Euphorbia nevadensis var. carpetana Pau ex Losa; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 7: 424 (1947), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia nevadensis var. granatensis Ladero & Valdés Berm.Exsicc., nom.illeg.
= Tithymalus nevadensis (Boiss. & Reut.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 90 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. aragonensis (Loscos & J.Pardo) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 84 (1974)
Distribution: NC- & NE-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia aragonensis Loscos & J.Pardo; Ser. Inconf. Pl. Aragon. 95 (1863)
= Euphorbia nevadensis var. aragonensis (Loscos & J.Pardo) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1268 (1866)
= Euphorbia sennenii Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 6: 29 (1907) (Hs)
subspecies :
subsp. bolosii Molero & Rovira; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 171 (1992)
Distribution: S- & E-Spain (mountains)
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia aragonensis subsp. bolosii (Molero & Rovira) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 701 (2002)
= Euphorbia aragonensis var. lanceolatifolia Loscos & J.Pardo ex Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 503 (1877), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia bolosii (Molero & Rovira) Molero & Rovira; Fontqueria 44: 9 (1996)
= Euphorbia esula var. acutifolia Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 503 (1877)
= Euphorbia nevadensis f. acutifolia (Lange) O.Bolòs; Misc. Fontseré 92 (1961)
= Euphorbia nevadensis var. acutifolia (Lange) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 84 (1974)
species :
Euphorbia nicaeensis All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 285 (1785)
Name: Nizza-Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; France; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia)
11 ger HUN SLO 12 FRA POR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA SLV TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG MOR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: nicaeensis agg. The infraspecific division is highly disputed. See also E. glareosa and E. pannonica which are frequently included here as subspecies.
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula nicaeensis (All.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia amygdaloides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 439 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia babensis Kit.; Linnaea 32: 562 (1864)
= Euphorbia biglandulosa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 165 (1862) (pro syn.)
= Euphorbia bupleuroides subsp. luteola (Kralik) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 363 (1939)
= Euphorbia collina Willd. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 573 (1850), pro syn.
= Euphorbia dasycarpa Coss. ex Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 802 (1890)
= Euphorbia demnatensis Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 802 (1890)
= Euphorbia japygica Ten.; Fl. Napol. 4: 266 (1830)
= Euphorbia luteola Kralik; Pl. Algér. Select. 83 (1858)
= Euphorbia multicaulis Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, éd. 2: 238 (1799)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. demnatensis (Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.) Breistr.; (1954)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. hispanica Degen & Hervier; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 17: 205 (1907)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. japygica (Ten.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 620 (1882)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. aurasiaca Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 40 (1940)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. coarctata Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 568 (1842)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. cornuta Faure & Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 37 (1929)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. dasycarpa Coss. ex Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 8: 178 (1924)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. demnatensis (Coss. ex Batt. & Trab.) Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 7: 178 (1924)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. hebecarpa DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 363 (1815)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. hispanica (Degen & Hervier) Cuatrec.; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona 12: 354 (1929)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. japygica (Ten.) Losa; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 7: 410 (1947), isonym
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. japygica (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 653 (1881)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. obovata Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 2: 103 (1861)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. oleifolia DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 363 (1815)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. salzmanii DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 363 (1815)
= Euphorbia oleifolia Gouan; Herbor. Montpellier 29 (1796) (nom. illeg. non Pourr. 1788)
= Euphorbia oleifolia Pourr.; Hist. & Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Toulouse 3: 319 (1788)
= Euphorbia pannonica f. kitaibelii Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 18(1-2): 172 (1973)
= Euphorbia pumila Pall. ex Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 573 (1850), pro syn.
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. japygica (Ten.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 286 (1901)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. nicaeensis (All.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 286 (1901)
= Euphorbia serotina Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 562 (1831)
= Galarhoeus nicaeensis (All.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 144 (1812)
= Tithymalus matthiolii Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 101 (1897)
= Tithymalus nicaeensis (All.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 89 (1860)
= Tithymalus nicaeensis subsp. japygicus (Ten.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia nicholasii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: South Africa (Transvaal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Elaeophorbia acuta N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 222 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia nigrispina N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 574 (1911)
Distribution: Ethiopia; ?Djibouti; ?Somalia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia nigrispinoides M.G.Gilbert; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 72 (1992)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia nivulia Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 14: 286 (1825)
Distribution: Pakistan (Sind, Pakistani Punjab); India (Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Vietnam
40 BAN IND PAK 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia helicothele Lem.; Ill. Hort. 4(Misc.): 100 (1857)
= Euphorbia neriifolia Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 36 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 467 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia nivulia var. helicothele (Lem.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 80 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia nocens (L.C.Wheeler) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 64: 39 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia hirta var. nocens L.C.Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 70 (1939)
species :
Euphorbia nodosa Houtt.; Nat. Hist. [Houttuyn] 2(8): 748 (1777)
Distribution: S-India (Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce corrigioloides (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Euphorbia corrigioloides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 11 (1860)
= Euphorbia disticha Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 32 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia nogalensis (A.Hässl.) S.Carter; Euphorbia J. 5: 37 (1988)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia somalensis var. nogalensis A.Hässl.; Bot. Not. 1931: 325 (1931)
species :
Euphorbia norfolkiana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 110 (1862)
Distribution: Norfolk Isl.
50 NFK
species :
Euphorbia normannii Schmalh. ex Lipsky; Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Odessa 11: 35 (1891), et in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 10: 293, t. 16, fig. 15 (1892)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
species :
Euphorbia notoptera Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 26 (1862)
Distribution: Pakistan (Astor); S-India (Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka)
40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce notoptera (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140 (3-4): 169 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia noxia Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 124 (1894)
Distribution: Somalia; S-Yemen
24 SOM 35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia nubica N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6 1: 554 (1911)
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Saudi Arabia
20 EGY 24 DJI ERI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN UGA 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia consobrina N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 555 (1911)
= Tirucalia nubica (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia nubigena L.C.Leach; Dinteria 12: 13 (1976)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
variant :
var. rutilans L.C.Leach; Dinteria 12: 17 (1976)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia nudicaulis Perr.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 3: 116 (1825)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 LSI
species :
Euphorbia nummularia Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 183 (1847)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce nummularia (Hook.f.) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 177 (1969)
= Chamaesyce nummularia var. glabra (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) D.G.Burch; Madroño 20: 253 (1970)
= Euphorbia nummularia var. glabra B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 144 (1895)
species :
Euphorbia nurae P.Fraga & Rosselló; Candollea 66(1): 182 (2011)
Distribution: Baleares
12 BAL
species :
Euphorbia nusbaumeri X.Aubriot & Lowry; Phytotaxa 159(3): 231 (2014)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia nutans Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 17 (1816)
Name: Nickende Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE); Eyebane (EN); Chirriguela nutante (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Austria [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Greece [I] (incl. Kiklades [I]); Crete [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I]); Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; Azerbaijan [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Israel [I] (N-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I], S-Sinai [I]); Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Australia [I] (New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Bermuda; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix); Guadeloupe; Martinique; Grenada; Colombia; Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal); Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Bolivia [I]; Argentina [I]
11 aut ger hun swi 12 fra por spa 13 bih bul cro grc ita kri rom sic slv 21 cny mdr 33 aze geo ncs 34 eai isr sin 38 jap 50 aus 51 nzl 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ ELS HON 81 BER CUB GDL GRE HIS MAR PUE VIR 82 CLM VEN 83 bol ecu gal 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce lansingii Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 376 (1913)
= Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 712 (1903)
= Chamaesyce preslii (Guss.) Arthur; Torreya 11: 260 (1911)
= Euphorbia androsaemifolia C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 57 (1822), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia gibraltarica Wolley-Dod; J. Bot. 52: 13 (1914)
= Euphorbia hypericifolia var. communis Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 188 (1859)
= Euphorbia lansingii (Millsp.) Brühl; Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci. 5(2): 8 (1934)
= Euphorbia nutans var. glaberrima Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 431 (1917)
= Euphorbia potosina var. lamasis Carvajal & Lomelí; Phytologia 49(3): 191 (1981)
= Euphorbia preslii Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 539 (1827)
= Euphorbia preslii var. andicola Danguy & Cherm.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 28: 438 (1922)
= Euphorbia preslii var. glaberrima Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 23 (1862), nomen
= Euphorbia pseudonutans Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 431 (1917)
= Euphorbia refracta Lowe; Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6: 533 (1838)
= Euphorbia trinervis Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 5: 37 (1842), non E. trinervia Schumach. & Thonn. (1827)
= Tithymalus nutans (Lag.) Samp.; Anais Fac. Sci. Porto 17: 45 (1931)
species :
Euphorbia nyassae Pax; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(2): 160 (1921)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia tetracantha Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 341 (1901), non Rendle
species :
Euphorbia nyikae Pax ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 31, 33, 39 et 40 (1894), et in Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 242 (1895)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Zanzibar; Zambia
25 KEN TAN 26 ZAM
variant :
var. neovolkensii (Pax) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 6779 (1987)
Distribution: SE-Kenya; E-Tanzania (incl. Pemba Isl.); Zanzibar
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia crispata Lem.; Ill. Hort. 4: 71 (1857), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia fimbriata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 81 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia lemaireana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 81 (1862)
= Euphorbia neovolkensii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 74 (1904)
= Euphorbia volkensii Werth; Veg. Sansibar [Werth] 51 (1901) (non Pax)
species :
Euphorbia oatesii Rolfe; Matabele Land [Oates], ed. 2: 408 (1889)
Distribution: Zambia; Zimbabwe; NE-Botswana
26 ZAM ZIM 27 BOT
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Lyciopsis
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia verdickii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 1: 280 (1906)
species :
Euphorbia oaxacana B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 37 (1896)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema oaxacana (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia obconica Bojer ex N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 603 (1912)
Distribution: Tanzania (Pemba Isl.)
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia obcordata Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 93 (1884)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia obesa Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. t. 7888 (1903)
subspecies :
subsp. obesa
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
subspecies :
subsp. symmetrica (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) G.D.Rowley; Euphorbiaceae Study Group Bull. 11(3): 97 (1998)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia symmetrica A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 2: 559, App. A, 964 (1941)
species :
Euphorbia obliqua F.A.Bauer ex Endl.; Prodr. Fl. Norfolk. [Endlicher] 85 (1833)
Distribution: Norfolk Isl.; New Caledonia (incl. Île des Pins, Loyalty Isl.); Vanuatu; ?Tonga; Fiji
50 NFK 60 FIJ NWC VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum leiospermum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 23 (1860)
= Chamaesyce obliqua (F.A.Bauer ex Endl.) Florence; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 18: 241 (1996)
= Euphorbia aubryana Baill.; Adansonia 2: 212 (1861 publ. 1862)
= Euphorbia leiosperma (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 5 (1860), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia obliqua var. phyllanthoides (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 13 (1862)
= Euphorbia phyllanthoides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 4 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia oblongata Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 136 (1843)
Name: Balkan Spurge, Eggleaf Spurge (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (SE-Ireland [I]); Channel Isl. [I] (Jersey [I]); ?Montenegro; ?Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered lowlands, Evvoia, Attiki, Andros, Peloponnisos, Thasos, Samothraki); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); USA [I] (California [I], Oregon [I], Washington State [I])
10 grb ire 12 cis 13 ALB BUL GRC KOS KRI NMA TUE 34 EAI TUR 73 usa 76 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia erioclada Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 88 (1846)
= Tithymalus oblongatus (Griseb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
variant :
var. sessiliflora Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 52 (1844)
Distribution: Greece
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia oblongata subsp. sessiliflora (Boiss. & Spruner) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Euphorbia sessiliflora Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 52 (1844), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia oblongifolia (K.Koch) K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 726 (1848)
Distribution: European Turkey; Moldova; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia); Iran
13 TUE 14 MLD UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Remarks: macroceras agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia amygdaloides var. oblongifolia K.Koch; Linnaea 19: 17 (1846)
= Euphorbia cordifolia C.A.Mey. ex Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 40 (1860)
= Euphorbia rumicifolia Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 39 (1860)
= Tithymalus oblongifolius (K.Koch) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 96 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia obovata Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 2: 241 (1834)
Distribution: ?Syria; Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)
34 SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia prolifera Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 15 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia buonophila Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 154 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia occidentaustralica Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts; Kew Bull. 51(3): 542 (1996), nom. nov.
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia clementii Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 308 (1927)
species :
Euphorbia ocellata Durand & Hilg.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 3: 46 (1855), et Pacif. Railr. Rep. v. 15
subspecies :
subsp. ocellata
Name: Contura Creek sandmat
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce ocellata (Durand & Hilg.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Chamaesyce sulfurea Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 405 (1916)
= Euphorbia ocellata var. sulfurea (Millsp.) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 2: 427 (1936)
subspecies :
subsp. arenicola (Parish) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Utah)
73 USA 76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce arenicola (Parish) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce ocellata subsp. arenicola (Parish) Thorne; Aliso 10(1): 141 (1981)
= Chamaesyce ocellata var. arenicola (Parish) N.H.Holmgren & P.K.Holmgren; Intermount. Fl. [Cronquist et al.] 3A: 278 (1997)
= Euphorbia arenicola Parish; Erythea 7: 93 (1899)
= Euphorbia ocellata var. arenicola (Parish) Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 600 (1925)
= Euphorbia ocellata var. kirbyi J.T.Howell; Mentzelia 1: 7 (1975)
subspecies :
subsp. rattanii (Watson) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989)
Name: Rattan´s sandmat
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce ocellata subsp. rattanii (S.Watson) Koutnik; Madroño 32(3): 188 (1985)
= Chamaesyce rattanii (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Euphorbia ocellata var. rattanii (S.Watson) L.C.Wheeler; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 33: 107 (1934)
= Euphorbia rattanii S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 372 (1885)
species :
Euphorbia ocymoidea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 453 (1753)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; ?Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Falcon, Guarico)
79 MEX 80 COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum ocymoideum (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 161 (1812)
= Eumecanthus astroites (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 413 (1916)
= Eumecanthus cofradianus (Brandegee) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Eumecanthus ocymoideus (L.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Euphorbia astroites Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 10: 44 (1842 publ. 1845)
= Euphorbia astroites var. heterappendiculata Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1: 28 (1895)
= Euphorbia cofradiana Brandegee; Zoe 5: 207 (1905)
= Leptopus ocymoides (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859) ex B. D. Jacks., Index Kew. 2: 63 (1894)
species :
Euphorbia odontophora S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3855 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia oerstediana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 59 (1862)
Name: Fei Pisa, Urine Bush (Trinidad & Tobago); West Indian spurge (EN)
Distribution: Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas); Antigua; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Guyana; Surinam
80 COS HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BBD JAM MAR PUE STL STV TRT VIR 82 GUY SUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma oerstediana (Klotzsch & Garcke) D.B.Ward; Novon 11(3): 361 (2001)
= Dichylium oerstedianum (Klotzsch & Garcke) Britton; Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Isl. 5: 499 (1924)
= Euphorbia surinamensis Lanj.; Euphorb. Surinam 48 (1931)
= Poinsettia oerstediana Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 253 (1859) (nomen)
species :
Euphorbia officinarum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 451 (1753), non DC.
subspecies :
subsp. officinarum
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Mauritania; Yemen (W-Yemen, Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen)
20 MOR WSA 22 MTN 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia officinalis Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 94 (1775)
= Tithymalus officinarum (L.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 587 (1882)
= Euphorbia officinarum var. columnaris Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 47: 336 (1875)
= Euphorbia officinarum var. cristatum Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 47: 337 (1875)
variant :
var. beaumieriana (Hook.f. & Coss.) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 461 (1932)
Distribution: Yemen
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia beaumieriana Hook.f. & Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 21: 164 (1874)
= Euphorbia officinarum subsp. beaumieriana (Hook.f. & Coss.) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 19: 446 (1960)
subspecies :
subsp. echinus (Coss. & Hook.f.) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 19: 447 (1960)
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Mauritania
20 MOR WSA 22 MTN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia echinus Hook.f. & Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 21: 164 (1874)
= Euphorbia echinus var. brevispina Hook.f. & Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 21: 164 (1874)
= Euphorbia echinus var. chlorantha Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 40 (1940)
= Euphorbia echinus var. hernandez-pachecoi (Caball.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 258 (1936)
= Euphorbia hernandez-pachecoi Caball.; Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot., No. 30: 28 (1935)
= Euphorbia officinarum var. hernandez-pachecoi (Caball.) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their Geogr. Distrib. 5 (1990)
species :
Euphorbia ogadenensis P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40: 819 (1985)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia ogdenii K.Bradley & Sadle; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 15(1): 39 (2021), nom. nov.
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce porteriana var. scoparia (Small) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 99 (1966)
= Chamaesyce scoparia Small; Fl. Florida Keys 81 (1913)
= Euphorbia porteriana var. scoparia (Small) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989)
species :
Euphorbia oidorrhiza Pojark.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 236 (1951)
Distribution: Turkmenistan
32 TKM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia balkhanica Tarassov; Izv. Akad. Nauk Turkmensk. S.S.R. 1951(2): 82 (1951 publ. 1952)
= Tithymalus oidorrhizus (Pojark.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 174 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia oligoclada L.C.Leach; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 46(1-2): 253 (1976)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia olowaluana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 580 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (West Maui, Hawaii Isl.)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Vulnerable
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce olowaluana (Sherff) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce olowaluana var. gracilis (Rock) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce olowaluana f. leiocarpa (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce olowaluana var. lepidifolia (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia lorifolia var. gracilis Rock; Indig. Trees Haw. Isl. 259 (1913)
= Euphorbia olowaluana var. gracilis (Rock) Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 581 (1936)
= Euphorbia olowaluana f. leiocarpa O.Deg. & Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 38: 54 (1951)
= Euphorbia olowaluana var. lepidofolia O.Deg. & Sherff; Amer. J. Bot. 38: 54 (1951)
= Euphorbia olowaluana var. polycephala Sherff; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 20(1): 8 (1949)
species :
Euphorbia omariana M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 45(2): 268 (1990)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia operta Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 9(1): 153 (2013), nom. nov.
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia occulta Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 529 (2012), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia ophiolitica (P.I.Forst.) Ya Yang; Taxon 61(4): 783 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce ophiolitica P.I.Forst.; Austrobaileya 5(4): 711 (2000)
species :
Euphorbia ophthalmica Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 13 (1806)
Name: Florida hammock sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Pennsylvania); Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala); Honduras; Costa Rica; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Navassa Isl.; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. John); St. Barthélémy; St. Eustatius; Antigua; St. Lucia; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia; Ecuador; Galapagos; Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Tarija); SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Uruguay (Artigas, Montevideo, Paysandu, Salto); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
75 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 COS HON 81 ABA BAH BBD CAY HIS JAM NAV PUE SBA STE STL TCI TRT VIR 82 CLM 83 BOL ECU GAL PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce hirta subsp. procumbens Croizat; Lilloa 6: 299 (1941)
= Chamaesyce hirta var. procumbens Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 178 (1940)
= Chamaesyce ophthalmica (Pers.) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98 (1966)
= Chamaesyce pilulifera var. procumbens Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 714 (1903)
= Euphorbia bicapitata Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 367 (1917)
= Euphorbia hirta var. ophthalmica (Pers.) Allem & Irgang; Fl. Il. Rio Grande do Sul 11: 63 (1975)
= Euphorbia hirta var. procumbens (Boiss.) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 497 (1911)
= Euphorbia pilulifera var. procumbens Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 21 (1862)
= Euphorbia procumbens DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 111 (1813), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia oppositifolia McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 229 (1993)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia opuntioides Welw. ex Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 945 (1993)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia oranensis (Croizat) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 144 (1977)
Distribution: Bolivia (Tarija); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Argentina (Salta)
83 BOL 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce oranensis Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 187 (1943)
species :
Euphorbia orbiculata Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 52 (1817)
Distribution: Java [I]; Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca); Venezuela (Merida); Ecuador; Peru
42 jaw 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum orbiculatum (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 24 (1860)
= Chamaesyce orbiculata (Kunth) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Euphorbia ascendens Willd. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 31 (1862) (pro syn.)
species :
Euphorbia orbiculifolia S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45(4): 653 (1990)
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
species :
Euphorbia orbifolia (Alain) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989)
Distribution: Puerto Rico (Mona Isl.)
81 PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce orbifolia Alain; Phytologia 47(3): 175 (1980)
species :
Euphorbia orientalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 460 (1753)
Distribution: Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran)
33 ARM AZE 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia artvinensis Bornm. & Woronow; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 26: 3 (1912)
= Euphorbia notadenia Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 111 (1853)
= Galarhoeus orientalis (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 148 (1812)
= Tithymalus notadenius (Boiss. & Hohen.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 78 (1860)
= Tithymalus orientalis (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia origanoides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 453 (1753)
Distribution: Ascension Isl.
28 ASC
Conservation Status: Rare, endangered
species :
Euphorbia orizabae Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 147 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras
79 MEX 80 GUA HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia campestris var. subpuberula Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 240 (1905)
species :
Euphorbia orobanchoides (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium orobanchoides P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 30 (1959)
variant :
var. calycina (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006)
Distribution: ?D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; N-Zimbabwe
25 TAN 26 ANG ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium chevalieri var. spathulatum P.R.O.Bally; Gen. Monaden. 33 (1961)
= Monadenium orobanchoides var. calycinum P.R.O.Bally; Gen. Monaden. 38 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia orphanidis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(4): 89 (1859)
Distribution: C-Greece (Mt. Parnassos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia hohenackeri Orph. ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 89 (1859), pro syn.
= Tithymalus hohenackeri (Orph. ex Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 91 (1860)
= Tithymalus orphanidis (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia orthoclada Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 517 (1887)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cynanchoides Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 9: 45 (1903)
= Euphorbia lohaensis Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 671 (1887)
= Euphorbia orthoclada subsp. vepretorum (Drake) Leandri; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 2: 121 (1962)
= Euphorbia vepretorum Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 45 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia oryctis Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 167 (1931)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia osyridea Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 87 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Bamyan, Farah, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman, Parwan, Zabul); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Chitral, Gilgit); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
34 AFG IRN 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lateriflora Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 41 (1845), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia osyridiformis Parsa; Kew Bull. [3]: 228 (1948)
= Tithymalus lateriflorus (Jaub. & Spach) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 81 (1860)
= Tithymalus osyrideus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia otavibergensis Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 50, figs. 28-30 (2018)
Distribution: N-Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia otavimontana Swanepoel; Namibian J. Environm. 3(Section A): 11, figs. 1-9 (2019)
species :
Euphorbia otjingandu Swanepoel; S. African J. Bot. 75(3): 497 (2009)
Distribution: NW-Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia otjipembana L.C.Leach; Dinteria 12: 29 (1976)
subspecies :
subsp. otjipembana
Distribution: NW-Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia otjipembana subsp. okakoraensis Swanepoel; Phytotaxa 117(2): 53 (2013)
subspecies :
subsp. fluvialis (L.C.Leach) Bruyns; Phytotaxa 436(3): 210 (2020)
Distribution: Angola; NW-Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia subsalsa subsp. fluvialis L.C.Leach; Dinteria 12: 29 (1976)
species :
Euphorbia ouachitana Mayfield; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7(2): 642 (2013)
Distribution: USA (Oklahoma, Missouri, Tennessee, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
species :
Euphorbia ovalleana Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 508 (1895)
Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo)
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia oxycoccoides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 14 (1860)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia oxyodonta Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1267 (1866)
Distribution: Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Delta, Nile Valley); Turkey (SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania)
20 EGY 34 ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: oxyodonta agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus oxyodontus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia oxyphylla Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1268 (1866)
Distribution: E-Portugal; WC-Spain
12 POR SPA
Remarks: rigida agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia broteroi Daveau; Bol. Soc. Brot. 3: 33 (1885)
= Tithymalus broteroi (Daveau) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia oxystegia Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 27 (1860)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bupleurifolia E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), nomen
species :
Euphorbia pachyclada S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 677 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia pachypodioides Boiteau; Bull. Trimestriel Acad. Malgache, n. s. 24: 87 (1942)
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Falaise de l´Ankarana)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia antankara Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 161 (1946)
species :
Euphorbia pachyrrhiza Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 745 (1841)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia conifera Steph. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 123 (1862)
= Tithymalus pachyrrhizus (Kar. & Kir.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 69 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia pachysantha Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 623 (1886)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia monocephala Baker ex Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 43 (1921) (in syn.)
species :
Euphorbia pachyspina Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488(1): 42 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia paganorum A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 13: 556 (1933)
Distribution: Senegal; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Nigeria; Gabon
22 BKN IVO MLI NGA SEN SIE 23 GAB
species :
Euphorbia pallens Dillwyn; Rev. Hortus Malab. 54 (1839)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; S-India (Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andamans, Middle Andamans, South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobars, Central Nicobars, Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; South China Sea Isl.; Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Timor, etc.); East Timor; Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia); New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Tongatapu, ´Eua, Nomuka, Lifuka, Vava´u, Tafahi, Niuatoputapu); Niue; Fiji; American Samoa (Ofu, Tutuila); [Western] Samoa (Savai´i)
36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND LDV MDV SRL 41 AND CBD NCB THA VIE 42 BOR CKI JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI SCS SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ NUE NWC ROT SAM TON VAN
Remarks: this species was often treated as ´E. atoto´, which is nowadays considered a French Polynesian endemic. See also E. chamissonis which is often confused.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum laevigatum (Vahl) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 35 (1860)
= Chamaesyce atoto f. minor (Boiss.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 276 (1954)
= Chamaesyce halophila (Miq.) Croizat; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce laevis (Poir.) Croizat; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce pallens (Dillwyn) V.S.Raju; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(1): 92 (2004)
= Euphorbia articulata Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 20 (1818) non Aubl. 1775 nec Lam. 1788
= Euphorbia bifida Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 269 (1861), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia halophila Miq.; Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Ser. 3, 5: 16 (1852)
= Euphorbia laevigata Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 54 (1791), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia levis Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 612 (1812)
= Euphorbia levis var. imbricata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 13 (1862)
= Euphorbia oraria F.Muell. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 12 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia palustris L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 462 (1753)
Name: Sumpf-Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium [I]; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; France; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (very rare N- & C-Greece, Epirus, Kerkyra); Estonia; Latvia; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, W-Anatolia)
10 FIN NOR SWE 11 AUT bgm CZE GER HUN NET POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 33 GEO NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: palustris agg.; E. nuda (Balkans) is sometimes kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia altissima var. nuda Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1888(2): 60 (1888)
= Euphorbia brachiata Jan; Elench. Pl. [Jan] 7 (1831), nomen
= Euphorbia nuda (Velen.) Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 506 (1891)
= Euphorbia palustris f. maritima Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1908: no. 560 (1908), nomen
= Euphorbia palustris var. angustifolia Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 18 (1806)
= Euphorbia palustris var. brinonense Cezard; Bull. Acad. Soc. Lorraines Sci. 16: 34 (1977), nom inval.
= Euphorbia sauliana Boreau ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1266 (1866)
= Euphorbia soongarica Hayek; (1927), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia velenovskyi Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66: 117 (1933), nom. superfl.
= Galarhoeus nudus (Velen.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 27 (1941)
= Galarhoeus palustris (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 145 (1812)
= Tithymalus fruticosus Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 206 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Tithymalus nudus (Velen.) Chrtek & Krísa; Novit. Bot. Univ. Carol. 6: 73 (1990 publ. 1991), isonym
= Tithymalus nudus (Velen.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 53, in clavi, et 108 (1933)
= Tithymalus palustris (L.) Garsault; Fig. Pl. Med. t. 592 (1764), opus utique oppr.
= Tithymalus palustris (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
= Tithymalus velenovskyi (Bornm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 200 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia pamirica (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 438 (1949)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Pakistan (Gilgit); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
32 TZK 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus pamiricus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 55, in clavi, et 198 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia pampeana Speg.; Rev. Jard. Zool. Buenos Aires 1: 30 (1893)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Durazno, Florida Prov., Maldonado, Rio Negro, Paysandu, San Jose); Argentina (Buenos Aires)
84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus pampeanus (Speg.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia pancheri Baill.; Adansonia 2: 211 (1861 publ. 1862)
Distribution: New Caledonia (incl. Île des Pins, Loyalty Isl.); Vanuatu
60 NWC VAN
species :
Euphorbia paniculata Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 386 (1798)
subspecies :
subsp. paniculata
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 POR SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Remarks: clementei agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia algeriensis Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 85 (1859)
= Euphorbia welwitschii var. ramosissima Daveau; Bol. Soc. Brot. 3: 31 (1885)
subspecies :
subsp. calcicola U.Schwarzer & Vicens; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 75(2)e070: 1 (2018)
Distribution: Portugal
12 POR
subspecies :
subsp. monchiquensis (Franco & P.Silva) Vicens, Molero & C.Blanché; Candollea 51(1): 82 (1996)
Distribution: SW-Portugal (Sa. de Monchique)
12 POR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia monchiquensis Franco & P.Silva; Feddes Repert. 79: 56 (1969)
= Tithymalus monchiquensis (Franco & P.Silva) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 174 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. welwitschii (Boiss. & Reut.) Vicens, Molero & C.Blanché; Candollea 51(1): 81 (1996)
Distribution: Portugal (Sa. de Sintra, Lisboa)
12 POR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia hiberna Welw. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881), pro syn.
= Euphorbia welwitschii Boiss. & Reut.; Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan. 108 (1852)
= Euphorbia welwitschii var. minor Daveau; Bol. Soc. Brot. 3: 22 (1885)
= Tithymalus welwitschii (Boiss. & Reut.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 77 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia panjutinii Grossh.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 18 (1950)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia)
33 GEO
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus panjutinii (Grossh.) Galushko; Fl. Severn. Kavkaza Vopr. Ist. 3: 56 (1979), isonym
= Tithymalus panjutinii (Grossh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972) (without basionym page)
species :
Euphorbia pannonica Host; Fl. Austriac. [Host] 2: 566 (1831)
Distribution: Bulgaria; S-European Russia; Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus; Turkey
13 BUL 14 RUS 33 NCS 34 TUR
Remarks: often included in E. nicaeensis as infraspecific taxon
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia glareosa subsp. pannonica (Host) Kuzmanov; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 12: 124 (1963)
= Euphorbia glareosa var. lasiocarpa (Boiss.) Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts; Kew Bull. 51(3): 542 (1996)
= Euphorbia glareosa var. lasiocarpa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 166 (1862)
= Euphorbia glareosa var. pannonica (Host) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 653 (1881)
= Euphorbia nicaeensis var. lasiocarpa (Boiss.) Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts; Kew Bull. 51: 542 (1996)
= Euphorbia novorossica Dubovik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1975: 111 (1975 publ. 1976)
= Tithymalus nicaeensis subsp. pannonicus (Host) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 152: 22 (1983)
= Tithymalus pannonicus (Host) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Bot. Not. 114: 40 (1961)
species :
Euphorbia pantomalaca Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 120 (1944)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
species :
Euphorbia papilionum S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 677 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia papillaris (Boiss.) Raffaelli & Ricceri; Webbia 42(1): 7 (1988)
Distribution: Sicily (Isole Egadi)
13 SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bivonae var. papillaris Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 131 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia papillata Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 535 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
variant :
var. laevicaulis Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 538 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia papillifolia Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 538 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
variant :
var. polyandra Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 540 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia papillosa A.St.-Hil.; Pl. Usuel. Bras. t. 18 (1824)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Caaguazu); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Rivera, Salto, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia adriana A.St.-Hil. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 73 (1860)
= Euphorbia montevidensis Klotzsch ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 105 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia papillosa var. minor A.St.-Hil.; Hist. Pl. Remarq. Brésil 1: 244 (1824)
= Tithymalus adrianus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 73 (1860)
= Tithymalus papillosus (A.St.-Hil.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
variant :
var. cabrerae Subils; Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74 (Cat. Pl. Vasc. Rep. Argent. 2): 1246 (1999), nom. nov.
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Caaguazu); Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia erythrorrhiza (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 103 (1862)
= Euphorbia papillosa var. erythrorrhiza (Klotzsch & Garcke) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 230 (1977)
= Tithymalus erythrorrhizus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 71 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia papillosicapsa L.C.Leach; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 45: 206 (1975)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia paralias L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 458 (1753)
Name: Strand-Wolfsmilch (DE); Sea Spurge (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, SW-Scotland, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Netherlands; Belgium; Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, +Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (coastal widespread, incl. most islands); Crete; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Madeira (Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread coastal, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai); Australia (Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania); USA [I] (Pennsylvania [I])
10 GRB IRE 11 BGM ger NET 12 BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 21 CNY MDR 33 GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 50 AUS 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula paralias (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia malacitana Pau; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 39: 259 (1941)
= Euphorbion paralium (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 126 (1880)
= Galarhoeus paralias (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 144 (1812)
= Galarhoeus paralias var. anglicus Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 144 (1812)
= Galarhoeus paralias var. major Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 144 (1812)
= Galarhoeus paralias var. medius Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 144 (1812)
= Tithymalus maritimus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 90 (1779)
= Tithymalus paralias (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia paranensis Dusén; Ark. Bot. 9(15): 7 (1910)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia parciflora Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 411 (1919)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce parciflora (Urb.) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia parciramulosa Schweinf.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 2): 326 (1899)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen)
35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia canariensis Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. CXII (1775) non L. (1753)
species :
Euphorbia paredonensis (Millsp.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 47 (1989)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce paredonensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 393 (1914)
species :
Euphorbia parifolia N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1039 (1913)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: sect. Tenellae
species :
Euphorbia parishii Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2(5): 56 (1886)
Name: Parish´s sandmat
Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce parishii (Greene) Millsp. ex Parish; Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 193: 110 (1913)
= Euphorbia patellifera J.T.Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 53 (1933)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. parishii (Greene) Jeps.; Fl. Calif. [Jepson] 2: 429 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia parkeri Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.; Kew Bull. 48(4): 795 (1993)
Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi); N-Thailand
41 MYA THA
species :
Euphorbia parodii Oudejans; Phytologia 67: 47 (1989)
Distribution: Paraguay
85 PAR
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia angustifolia Parodi; Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 11: 49 (1881), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia parryi Engelm.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 9: 350 (1875)
Name: Parry´s sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce flagelliformis (Engelm.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 144 (1906)
= Chamaesyce longeramosa (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Chamaesyce parryi (Engelm.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 53 (1913)
= Euphorbia flagelliformis (Engelm.) Engelm.; Hayden Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. 2: 243 (1876)
= Euphorbia longeramosa S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 161 (1890)
= Euphorbia petaloidea var. flagelliformis Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 185 (1859)
= Euphorbia zygophylloides var. flagelliformis (Engelm.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 29 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia parva N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 499 (1911)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia parvicaruncula D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 25(4): 441 (1977)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia parviceps L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 2(1): 42 (1974)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia parvicyathophora Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 58(4): 143 (1986)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia parviflora L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1047 (1759)
Distribution: Syria [I]; Nepal; India (throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Java [I]; East Timor [I]
34 syr 40 BAN IND LDV NEP SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 jaw lsi
Remarks: There is confusion between this species, E. rosea and E. hirta. Possibly all are the same.
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum piluliferum (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 162 (1812)
= Chamaesyce parviflora (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce pilulifera (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 714 (1903)
= Euphorbia indica Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7710 C (1832), nomen
= Euphorbia pilulifera L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 454 (1753), nom. rej.
= Euphorbia tenuis Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 62 (1825)
= Euphorbia thymifolia Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7710 D (1832), nomen non L.
= Tithymalus pilulifer (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 283 (1802)
species :
Euphorbia parvimedusae Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 21 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia parvula Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 91, t. 30, f. 4 (1813)
Distribution: Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt)
20 EGY LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus parvulus (Delile) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 263 (1867)
species :
Euphorbia patentispina S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 21(6): 567 (2001 publ. 2002)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia patula Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 11 (1768)
subspecies :
subsp. patula
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Dactylanthes
Synonyms: hidden
= Dactylanthes patula (Mill.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 132 (1812)
= Euphorbia leachii Lawant & van Veldh.; Euphorbia World 10(1): 5 (2014)
= Euphorbia ornithopus Jacq.; Fragm. Bot. 76, t. 120 (1809)
= Euphorbia tridentata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 416 (1788)
= Euphorbia tridentata var. ornithopus (Jacq.) van Veldh. & Lawant; Euphorbia World 10(1): 9 (2014)
= Medusea patula (Mill.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 251 (1859)
= Medusea tridentata (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 251 (1859)
subspecies :
subsp. anacantha (Aiton) Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 45, figs. 20, 21F (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Dactylanthes anacantha (Aiton) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 132 (1812)
= Euphorbia anacantha Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 136 (1789)
subspecies :
subsp. brucebayeri Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 46, figs. 20, 21H, 22 (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
subspecies :
subsp. wilmaniae (Marloth) Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 45, figs. 20, 21G (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., North-West Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia planiceps A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 2: 519, App. A, 963 (1941)
= Euphorbia wilmaniae Marloth; S. African Gard. 21: 127, 133 (1931)
species :
Euphorbia pauciradiata Blatt.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36: 483 (1933)
Distribution: ?Afghanistan; Pakistan (Waziristan)
40 PAK
species :
Euphorbia paulianii Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 132 (1955)
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Antsiranana)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia pedersenii Subils; Kurtziana 6: 238 (1971)
Distribution: NE-Argentina (Corrientes)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus pedersenii (Subils) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia pediculifera Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 186 (1858)
Name: Carrizo Mountain sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce conjuncta (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce involuta (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Chamaesyce pediculifera (Engelm.) Rose & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 12 (1912)
= Chamaesyce saltonensis Millsp.; Cat. Pl. Salton Sink 6 (1913), nomen
= Euphorbia conjuncta Millsp.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 2: 227 (1889)
= Euphorbia involuta Millsp.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 2: 227 (1889)
= Euphorbia pediculifera var. inornata Brandegee; Zoe 5: 209 (1905)
= Euphorbia pediculifera var. involuta (Millsp.) I.M.Johnst.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 12: 1070 (1924)
= Euphorbia pediculifera var. linearifolia S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 76 (1889)
= Euphorbia pediculifera var. minor Millsp.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 2: 227 (1889)
= Euphorbia vermiformis M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 16: 23 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia pedilanthoides Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 76 (1921)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus lycioides Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 516 (1887)
species :
Euphorbia pedroi Molero & Rovira; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 55: 198 (1997)
Distribution: Portugal (Estremadura)
12 POR
species :
Euphorbia peganoides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 21 (1860)
Distribution: C-Mexico; NE-Mexico (Puebla); SW-Mexico
79 MEX
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema peganoides (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.; Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 239 (1859), Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 31 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. pekinensis
Distribution: Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Yunnan, Xinjiang, Hainan, etc.); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia barbellata f. denudata (Hurus.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 426 (1979)
= Euphorbia barbellata Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 571 (1940), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia barbellata var. imaii (Hurus.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 426 (1979)
= Euphorbia cavaleriei H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 762 (1906)
= Euphorbia hurusawae Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989)
= Euphorbia hurusawae var. imaii (Hurus.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 46 (1989)
= Euphorbia imaii f. denudata Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 577 (1940)
= Euphorbia imaii Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 576 (1940)
= Euphorbia jessonii Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their Geogr. Distrib. 1: 5 (1990)
= Euphorbia kitagawae (Hurus.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 427 (1979)
= Euphorbia labbei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(341-345): 537-538 (1913)
= Euphorbia lanceolata Liou; Contr. Lab. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 1: 5 (1931), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia lasiocaula Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1266 (1866)
= Euphorbia lasiocaula f. maritima (H.Hara) T.Kuros. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 69: 273 (1994)
= Euphorbia lasiocaula var. ibukiensis (Hurus.) T.Kuros. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 69(5): 274 (1994)
= Euphorbia lasiocaula var. maritima (H.Hara) S.Matsumoto & Konta; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B 31: 147 (2005)
= Euphorbia lasiocaula var. pseudolucorum Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 267 (1954)
= Euphorbia onoi Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 486 (1878)
= Euphorbia pekinensis f. denudata (Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia pekinensis f. sinanensis Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 636 (1940)
= Euphorbia pekinensis f. subulatifolia (Hurus.) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl. 544 (2017)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. attenuata Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(6): 641-642 (1954)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. hupehensis Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 512 (1940)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. ibukiensis Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 639 (1940)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. japonensis Makino; Icon. Pl. Japon. [Itô] Corr. 3 (1925)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. lasiocaula (Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 186 (1992)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. onoi (Franch. & Sav.) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 3(2): 8 (1926)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. pseudolucorum (Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. sinanensis (Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. subulatifolia (Hurus.) T.B.Lee; J. Natl. Acad. Sci. Korea 21: 196 (1982)
= Euphorbia sampsonii Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 5: 240 (1886)
= Euphorbia sinanensis (Hurus.) T.Kuros. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 69(1): 9 (1994)
= Euphorbia sinensis Jesson ex Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914(9): 329-330 (1914)
= Euphorbia subulatifolia Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 573 (1940)
= Euphorbia tchen-ngoi (Soják) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 26(2): 216 (1981)
= Euphorbia virgata var. kitagawae Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 451 (1940)
= Galarhoeus barbellatus Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 571 (1940)
= Galarhoeus imaii Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 576 (1940)
= Galarhoeus kitagawae (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 240 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus (Boiss.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 263 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus f. densifolius (H.Hara) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 264 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus f. maritimus (H.Hara) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 267 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus f. miyagiensis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 265 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus f. nikoensis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 267 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus f. vulgaris (H.Hara) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 264 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus var. ibukiensis (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 265 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus var. pseudolucorum Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 267 (1954)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus var. sinanensis (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 265 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis (Rupr.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 386 (1935)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis f. densifolius H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 386 (1935)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis f. denudatus (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 259 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis f. maritimus H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 386 (1935)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis subsp. barbellatus Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 257 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis subsp. lanceolatus Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 256 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis subsp. subulatifolius (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 258 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis var. attenuatus (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 255 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis var. hupehensis (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 255 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis var. imaii (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 259 (1954)
= Galarhoeus pekinensis var. sinensis (Jesson & Turrill) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 256 (1954)
= Galarhoeus sampsonii (Hance) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 255 (1954), in obs., 261
= Tithymalus pekinensis (Rupr.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 55 (1954)
= Tithymalus pekinensis subsp. barbellatus (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(6): 257 (1954)
= Tithymalus pekinensis subsp. lanceolatus (Liou) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6(6): 256 (1954)
= Tithymalus tchen-ngoi Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. asoensis T.Kuros. & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 69(5): 279 (1994)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Euphorbia pellegrinii Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 113 (1947)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia peltata Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. [36] (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 474 (1832)
Distribution: S-India (Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus peltatus (Roxb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia peninsularis I.M.Johnst.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 440 (1922)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia pentadactyla Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 63 (1879)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); Paraguay (Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, Santiago del Estero, San Juan)
83 BOL 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Poinsettia pentadactyla (Griseb.) Dressler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 339 (1962)
species :
Euphorbia pentagona Haw.; Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 3: 187 (1827 publ. 1828)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia pentlandii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 69 (1862)
Distribution: Bolivia
83 BOL
Conservation Status: Known only from type
species :
Euphorbia pentops Marloth ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 421 2: App. A, 963 (1941)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia peperomioides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 17 (1860)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia peplidion Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 191 (1858)
Name: Low spurge
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Tamaulipas, Chihuahua)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus peplidion (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 720 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia peplis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 455 (1753)
Name: Strand-Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE); Purple Spurge (EN); Chirriguela vestida (ES)
Distribution: +England (+SW-England); +Ireland; Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; +Channel Isl. (+Alderney, +Guernsey, +Jersey); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (coastal widespread, incl. many islands); Crete; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Pico, Faial); Madeira (Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Tenerife, La Palma, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Cyprus (S-Cyprus); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Bahrain; Yemen (Aden Desert, W-Yemen)
10 GRB IRE 11 ger 12 BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 33 GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRQ ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum peplis (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 159 (1812)
= Chamaesyce maritima Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 260 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Chamaesyce peplis (L.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 15 (1933)
= Euphorbia dichotoma Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 93 (1775)
= Euphorbia polygonifolia Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. xxiii (1775) non L.
= Euphorbia polygonifolia Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 158 (1828)
= Euphorbia rubescens Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 158 (1828)
= Tithymalus auriculatus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 102 (1779)
= Tithymalus peplis (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 340 (1771)
species :
Euphorbia peploides Gouan; Fl. Monsp. [Gouan] 174 (1764)
Name: Lechetrezna menor (ES)
Distribution: France; Sardinia; Italy; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Slovenia; Croatia; European Turkey; Greece; Crete; Morocco; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura); East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey
12 FRA SAR 13 CRO GRC ITA KRI PEL SLV TUE 20 MOR 21 CNY 34 EAI TUR
Remarks: status uncertain, sometimes included in E. peplus
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula minima Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 158 (1812)
= Esula peploides (Gouan) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia minima (Haw.) Mart.; Pl. Hort. Erlang. 105 (1814)
= Euphorbia peplus subsp. peploides (Gouan) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 659 (1878)
= Euphorbia peplus var. maritima Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 141 (1862)
= Euphorbia peplus var. minima DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 3: 331 (1805)
= Euphorbia peplus var. minor Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 903 (1806)
= Euphorbia peplus var. peploides (Gouan) Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3: 229 (1852)
= Euphorbia pusilla Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 17 (1816)
= Tithymalus peploides (Gouan) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 83 (1860)
= Tithymalus peplus subsp. maritimus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
= Tithymalus peplus subsp. peploides (Gouan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia peplus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 456 (1753)
Name: Garten-Wolfsmilch (DE); Petty Spurge (EN); Lechetrezna tornagallo (ES)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Orkney Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark [I]; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; European Turkey; Greece (widespread incl. most islands); Crete; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; ?Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); Egypt (Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl.); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Ilha da Boa Vista); São Tomé [I]; Sudan; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; South Africa [I]; Lesotho [I]; St. Helena [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Seychelles [I]; Siberia [I] (W-Siberia [I]); Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Iran (N-Iran); Iran (N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, SE-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen); China (Guangdong, Hongkong, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan); Japan [I] (Kyushu [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan; India (Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Uttarakhand); Java [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Zealand [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Fiji [I]; Gambier Isl. [I]; Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kure Atoll [I], Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Montana [I], North Dakota [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Tennessee [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I]); Mexico [I]; Honduras [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Paraguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]; Tristan da Cunha [I]
10 den FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est lat lit MLD RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY CVI MDR 23 sao 24 SUD 26 zam zim 27 les saf 28 sth 29 mau reu rod sey 30 sib 33 ARM AZE GEO 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 jap tai 40 IND PAK 42 jaw nwg 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ctm nzl 60 fij nwc 61 eas gbi pit 63 haw 70 ask 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 hon 81 his jam 82 clm ven 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf par 91 fal tdc
Remarks: peplus agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula peplus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 158 (1812)
= Esula rotundifolia (Lam.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 257 (1821)
= Euphorbia calabrica Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 57: 436 (1907)
= Euphorbia chamaepeploides Lotsy; Bot. Gaz. 20: 351 (1895)
= Euphorbia moehringioides Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 507 (1899)
= Euphorbia oleracea Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 14 (1806)
= Euphorbia peplus var. amponitana Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 21: 127 (1911)
= Euphorbia peplus var. tricuspidata Fredr.; Bot. Not. 1895: 246 (1895)
= Euphorbia pusillima Post; Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 163 (1895)
= Euphorbia rotundifolia (Lam.) Loisel.; J. Bot. [Desvaux] 2: 331 (1809)
= Euphorbion peplum (L.) St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 125 (1880)
= Galarhoeus peplus (L.) Haw. ex Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 801 (1933)
= Galarhoeus peplus (L.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 34 (1941)
= Keraselma oleraceum (Pers.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Keraselma peplus (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Keraselma reniforme Raf.; Autik. Bot. 93 (1840)
= Tithymalus peplus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
= Tithymalus peplus subsp. calabricus (Huter, Porta & Rigo ex Huter) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
= Tithymalus rotundifolius Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 100 (1779)
species :
Euphorbia perangustifolia S.Carter; Kew Bull. 39(3): 649 (1984)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia perarmata S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 414 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia perbracteata Gage; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 238 (1914)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Daman, Goa, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttarakhand)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus perbracteatus (Gage) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia perennans (Shinners) Warnock & M.C.Johnst.; Southw. Naturalist 5: 170 (1960)
Name: Perennial sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce perennans Shinners; Field & Lab. 24: 38 (1956)
species :
Euphorbia pereskiifolia Houllet ex Baill.; Adansonia 1: 105 (1860 publ. 1861)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia sulcata Lem. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 176 (1862), pro syn.
= Synadenium carinatum Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 187 (1862)
= Synadenium pereskiifolium (Houllet ex Baill.) Guillaumin; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 7: 135, in obs. (1935)
= Synadenium piscatorium Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 125 (1894)
species :
Euphorbia pergamena Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 615 (1898)
Name: Southern Florida sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida); Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico (Mona Isl.)
78 USA 81 CUB HIS PUE
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce adenoptera subsp. pergamena (Small) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 98 (1966)
= Chamaesyce gymnadenia (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
= Chamaesyce monensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 389 (1914)
= Chamaesyce pergamena (Small) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 713 (1903)
= Euphorbia adenoptera subsp. pergamena (Small) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 44 (1989)
= Euphorbia gymnadenia Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 390 (1908)
= Euphorbia monensis (Millsp.) Urb.; Ark. Bot. 22A(17): 113 (1929)
species :
Euphorbia pergracilis P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 6: 247 (1966)
Distribution: Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce pergracilis (P.G.Mey.) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia peritropoides (Millsp.) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus palmeri Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 364 (1913)
= Pedilanthus peritropoides Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 369 (1913)
= Tithymalus koilopremnos Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus peritropoides (Millsp.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
species :
Euphorbia perlignea McVaugh; Brittonia 13: 185 (1961)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce perlignea (McVaugh) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 48: 421 (1967)
species :
Euphorbia perplexa L.C.Leach; Excelsa 15: 15 (1991 publ. 1992)
Distribution: Tanzania; N-Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia nyassae subsp. mentiens S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 379 (1987)
variant :
var. kasamana L.C.Leach; Excelsa 15: 16 (1991 publ. 1992)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia perrieri Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 308 (1899)
Distribution: Madagascar (Mahajanga)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia perrierioides Hett., Haev. & Spannring; Phytotaxa 492(1): 27 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Mahajanga)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia persistentifolia L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 31: 251 (1965)
Distribution: Zambia; Zimbabwe
26 ZAM ZIM
species :
Euphorbia personata (Croizat) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Quintana Roo, Yucatan); Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus nodiflorus Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1: 305 (1896)
= Pedilanthus personatus Croizat; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 33: 20 (1943)
= Tithymalus nodiflorus (Millsp.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
species :
Euphorbia peruviana Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 59 (1939)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce arequipensis Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 194 (1945)
species :
Euphorbia pervilleana Baill.; Adansonia 1: 141 (1861)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia spinicapsula Rauh & Petignat; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(10): 211 (1993)
species :
Euphorbia pervittata S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(4): 193 (2000)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia pestalozzae Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 114 (1853)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: petrophila agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia akdaghensis Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 24 (1886)
= Tithymalus pestalozzae (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 87 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia petala Ewart & L.R.Kerr; Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, n. s. 39: 1 (1926)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce petala (Ewart & L.R.Kerr) P.I.Forst. & R.J.F.Hend.; Novon 5(4): 323 (1995)
species :
Euphorbia petiolaris Sims; Bot. Mag. t. 883 (1805)
Name: Manchineel Berry
Distribution: Bahamas; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Anegada, Guana, Jost van Dyke, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; Guadeloupe; Martinique
81 BAH GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE SBA STM VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema petiolaris (Sims) Millsp. ex Britton; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 43 (1915)
= Alectoroctonum petiolare (Sims) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 40 (1860)
= Euphorbia verticillata Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 611 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus petiolaris (Sims) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 141 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia petiolata Banks & Sol.; Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2 [Russell]: 2: 253 (1794)
Distribution: +Algeria; Egypt (NE-Egypt); Turkmenistan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iraq (NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, Western Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (E-Cyprus, SE-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Pakistan (Chitral)
20 ALG EGY 32 TKM 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Croton denticulatus Geiseler; Croton. Monogr. [Geiseler] 72 (1807)
= Ctenadena lanata (Sieber ex Spreng.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 28 (1933)
= Cystidospermum petiolatum (Banks & Sol.) Nasimova; Opred. Rast. Sred. Azii 7: 77 (1983)
= Dematra petiolata (Banks & Sol.) J.Sojak; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Dematra sericea Raf.; Autik. Bot. 96 (1840)
= Euphorbia lanata Sieber ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 792 (1826)
= Euphorbia malachophylla E.D.Clarke; Travels Eur. Asia & Africa 2: 354 (1812)
= Euphorbia syriaca Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 792 (1826)
= Tithymalus petiolatus (Banks & Sol.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4). 175 (1972)
variant :
var. postii (Boiss.) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 29(3): 504 (1974)
Distribution: Syria
34 SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Cystidospermum postii (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 13, in clavi, et 28 (1933)
= Euphorbia postii Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1089 (1879)
species :
Euphorbia petitiana A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 241 (1850)
Distribution: Ethiopia; ?Eritrea; Yemen (N-Inner Yemen)
24 ETH 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cebrina Hochst. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 86 (1860)
= Euphorbia cerebrina Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 146 (1862)
= Euphorbia pseudofalcata Chiov.; Webbia 8: 234 (1951)
= Tithymalus cebrinus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 86 (1860)
= Tithymalus cerebrinus (Hochst. ex Boiss.) Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 39, 263 (1867)
= Tithymalus petitianus (A.Rich.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 96 (1860)
= Tithymalus pseudofalcatus (Chiov.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia petraea S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3871 (1982)
Distribution: Uganda
25 UGA
species :
Euphorbia petricola P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3856 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia petrina S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 75 (1889)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce petrina (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. petrina (S.Watson) I.M.Johnst.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 12: 1072 (1924)
species :
Euphorbia petrophila C.A.Mey.; Kleine Beitr. Fl. Russl. 9 (1850)
Distribution: E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia)
14 KRY RUS UKR 33 GEO NCS 34 EAI TUR
Remarks: petrophila agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia colchica (Litv.) Geltman; Vasc. Pl. Russia & Adj. States (former USSR) 224 (1995)
= Euphorbia cretophila Klokov; Fl. URSR 7: 629 (1955)
= Euphorbia petrophila var. colchica Litv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 14(2): 299 (1898)
= Euphorbia saxatilis M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 919 (1819) non Jacq.
= Euphorbia subhastifolia Klokov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1976: 99, (1976 publ. 1977)
= Galarhoeus petrophilus (C.A.Mey.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 40 (1941)
= Tithymalus petrophilus (C.A.Mey.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia philippiana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 117 (1862)
Distribution: Paraguay (Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Rio Negro); Chile (Biobío)
85 ARG CLE PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pygmaea Phil.; Linnaea 29: 41 (1857 publ. 1858)
= Tithymalus philippianus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 65 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia phillipsiae N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 33: 370 (1903)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Saudi Arabia; Yemen
24 ETH SOM 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia golisana N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 576 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia phillipsioides S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 413 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia philochalix Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 543 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia phosphorea Mart.; Reise Bras. [Spix & Martius] 2: 612, 726 (1828)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Paraíba, Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia phylloclada Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 66 (1862)
Distribution: W-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Tenellae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia peploides E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), nomen
= Euphorbia hereroensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 35 (1888)
species :
Euphorbia phymatosperma Boiss. & Gaill.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(4): 83 (1859)
subspecies :
subsp. phymatosperma
Distribution: Turkey (NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); Israel (N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus phymatospermus (Boiss. & Gaill.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. cernua (Coss. & Durieu) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 2: 82 (1953)
Distribution: S-Italy; S-Albania; Greece (NW-Greece, Ionian Isl., Kerkyra, rare Peloponnisos); Morocco; Algeria
13 ALB GRC ITA 20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cernua Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 138 (1862)
= Euphorbia rugosissima Pau & Font Quer
= Euphorbia rupicola var. major Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 131 (1862)
= Tithymalus phymatospermus subsp. cernuus (Coss. & Durieu) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia physocaulos Mouterde; Fl. Djebel Druze [Mouterde] 146 (1953)
Distribution: ?Turkey; Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jbel Druze)
34 SYR
Remarks: helioscopia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus physocaulos (Mouterde) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia physoclada Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 24 (1860)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte, etc.)
29 COM MDG
species :
Euphorbia picachensis Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 185 (1915)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce picachensis (Brandegee) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia piceoides Thulin; Kew Bull. 64(3): 471 (2009)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia pillansii N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 122 (1913)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pillansii var. albovirens A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 965 (1941)
= Euphorbia pillansii var. ramosissima A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 965 (1941)
species :
Euphorbia pilosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 460 (1753)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Mongolia
30 SIB 32 KAZ 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lutescens Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 1: 5 (1829)
= Euphorbia pilosa subsp. ojensis Stepanov; Florogenet. Anal. Na Primere Sev.-Vost. Chasti Zap. Sayana 1: 98 (1994)
= Galarhoeus pilosus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 148 (1812)
= Tithymalus lutescens (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 80 (1860)
= Tithymalus pilosus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia pilosissima S.Carter; Kew Bull. 39(3): 643 (1984)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia franchetii f. pilosissima (S.Carter) Kamelin; Fl. Ushchel. Reki Varzob 200 (2021)
species :
Euphorbia pinea L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 333 (1767)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Slovenia; Croatia; Montenegro; Albania; Greece (very rare Kerkyra satellite islands, SW-Peloponnisos); Morocco; Algeria; Madeira (Madeira Isl.)
11 ger SWI 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA MNT PEL PTL SIC SLV 20 ALG MOR 21 MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula pinea (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia artaudiana DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 360 (1815)
= Euphorbia caespitosa Ten.; Fl. Napol. 4: t. 261, t. 143 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia calcarea Coss. & Durieu ex Coss.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 227 (1854), nomen
= Euphorbia congesta Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 28 (1814)
= Euphorbia coscinosperma Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 5: 6 (1842), pro syn.
= Euphorbia diversifolia Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 146 (1862)
= Euphorbia humbertiana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 25: 318 (1934)
= Euphorbia linifolia Nath. ex L.; Amoen. Acad., Linnaeus ed. 4: 483 (1759)
= Euphorbia litoralis Noë ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 654 (1881), pro syn.
= Euphorbia longiradiata Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées, Suppl. 65 (1818)
= Euphorbia megalatlantica var. puberula Humbert; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 18: 163 (1927)
= Euphorbia miricornis Maire & Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 25: 318 (1934)
= Euphorbia ragusana Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 873 (1832)
= Euphorbia segetalis proles pinea (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 172 (1910)
= Euphorbia segetalis subsp. linifolia (Nath. ex L.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia segetalis subsp. pinea (L.) H.J.Coste; Fl. Descr. France 3: 724 (1906)
= Euphorbia segetalis subsp. pinea (L.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.):135 (1924), isonym
= Euphorbia segetalis subsp. pinea (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 172 (1910), isonym
= Euphorbia segetalis var. humbertiana (Maire) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 41 (1940)
= Euphorbia segetalis var. miricornis (Maire & Wilczek) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 42 (1940)
= Euphorbia segetalis var. pinea (L.) Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 499 (1877)
= Galarhoeus linifolius (Nath. ex L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 150 (1812)
= Tithymalus crebrifoliatus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 97 (1897)
= Tithymalus linifolius (Nath. ex L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 81 (1860)
= Tithymalus longiradiatus (Lapeyr.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 106 (1897)
= Tithymalus pineus (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 85 (1860)
= Tithymalus segetalis subsp. pineus (L.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia pinetorum (Small) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 48: 403 (1967)
Name: Pineland spurge
Distribution: USA (Florida); Cuba
78 USA 81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Poinsettia pinetorum Small; Fl. Miami [Small] 111 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia pinkavana M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 126 (1975)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, ?Nuevo Leon)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus pinkavanus (M.C.Johnst.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia pionosperma V.W.Steinm. & Felger; Aliso 16: 46 (1997)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia pirottae A.Terracc.; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 5: 97 (1894)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; ?Saudi Arabia
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia gorinii Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 401 (1932)
species :
Euphorbia piscatoria Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 137 (1789)
Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl., Ilhas Desertas, Porto Santo Isl.)
21 MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus piscatorius (Aiton) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 139 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia piscidermis M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 28(3): 437 (1973 publ. 1974)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia pisidica Hub.-Mor. & M.S.Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 25: 123, t. 8 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SW-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Remarks: petrophila agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus pisidicus (Hub.-Mor. & M.S.Khan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia pisima Bruyns; Phytotaxa 436(3): 210 (2020)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia pithyusa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 458 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. pithyusa
Name: Balearen-Wolfsmilch
Distribution: Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; ?Morocco; Algeria; Libya
12 BAL COR FRA SAR 13 ITA 20 ALG LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula pithyusa (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia avenia Thibaud ex Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 15 (1806)
= Euphorbia balearica Poir. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 73 (1860)
= Euphorbia bianorii var. ramosa Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 17: 192 (1917), nomen
= Euphorbia bianorii var. simplex Sennen; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 17: 192 (1917), nomen
= Euphorbia bonifaciensis Req. ex Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 86 (1855), pro syn.
= Euphorbia imbricata f. angustifolia Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 2: 130 (1892)
= Euphorbia imbricata f. latifolia Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 2: 130 (1892)
= Euphorbia imbricata f. parvifolia Willk.; Ill. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm] 2: 130 (1892)
= Euphorbia mucronata Lapeyr.; Hist. Pl. Pyrénées 271 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia nummulariifolia Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 503 (1809)
= Euphorbia pithyusa var. bonifaciensis Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 285 (1901)
= Euphorbia pithyusa var. dentatifolia Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.): no. 3791 (1920)
= Euphorbia pithyusa var. dianthifolia (Lojac.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia pithyusa var. ovalifolia Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 285 (1901)
= Euphorbia pulchella Brouss. ex DC.; Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 111 (1813), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia pulchella Lag. & Rodr.; Anales Ci. Nat. 5: 71 (1802)
= Euphorbia requienii Lojac.; Malpighia 28: 103 (1917)
= Euphorbia requienii var. dianthifolia Lojac.; Malpighia 28: 103 (1917)
= Euphorbia tanaicensis Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 547 (1827)
= Galarhoeus pithyusa (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 147 (1812)
= Pythius fuscata Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Tithymalus acutifolius Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 90 (1779)
= Tithymalus pithyusa (L.) Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 335 (1771)
subspecies :
subsp. cupanii (Guss. ex Bertol.) Radcl.-Sm.; Feddes Repert. 79: 66 (1968)
Distribution: Corsica; Sardinia; Sicily
12 COR SAR 13 SIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia biumbellata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 149 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia cupanii A.Schultz ex Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 86 (1855), pro syn.
= Euphorbia cupanii Guss. ex Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 5: 70 (1842)
= Euphorbia cupanii var. spartioides (Jacq.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 149 (1862)
= Euphorbia lugubris Chabert; J. Bot. [Morot] 14: 71 (1900)
= Euphorbia pithyusa var. cupanii (Guss. ex Bertol.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 285 (1901)
= Euphorbia pithyusa var. procera Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 86 (1855)
= Euphorbia spartioides Jacq.; Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 4: 44 (1804)
= Tithymalus cupanii (Guss. ex Bertol.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 85 (1860)
= Tithymalus pithyusa subsp. cupanii (Guss. ex Bertol.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia plagiantha Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 44 (1903)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia fiha Decary; Bull. Écon. Madagascar 18(1): 21 (1921)
= Tirucalia plagiantha (Drake) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5: 92 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia planiticola D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 25(4): 446 (1977)
Distribution: Australia (South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia platycephala Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 122 (1894)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; N-Botswana
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM ZIM 27 BOT
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Platycephalae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia uhehensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 420 (1900)
species :
Euphorbia platyphyllos L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 460 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. platyphyllos
Name: Breitblättrige Wolfsmilch (DE); Broad-leaved Spurge (EN); Lecheron (ES)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man); Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (scattered mainland, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Samothraki, rare Kiklades); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; Ukraine; Crimea; Algeria; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife); Ethiopia; Somalia [I]; ?Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Australia [I] (Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (Illinois [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Vermont [I]); Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I])
10 GRB 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 BAL COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT UKR 20 ALG 21 CNY MDR 24 ETH som 34 EAI TUR 50 aus 51 nzl 72 cdn 74 usa 75 usa 78 usa 85 cle
Remarks: platyphyllos agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia coderiana DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 365 (1815)
= Euphorbia dubia Dierb.; Fl. Heidelb. 2: 127 (1820)
= Euphorbia flavopurpurea Willk.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 112 (1875)
= Euphorbia foetida Kit.; Linnaea 32: 561 (1864)
= Euphorbia foetida Schult. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 756 (1832)
= Euphorbia lanuginosa Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, éd. 2: 238 (1799), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia platyphyllos f. pilosa Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 28 (1922)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. flavopurpurea (Willk.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 650 (1881)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. bilbilitana Pau; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 23: 142 (1894)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. ciliata Kabath; Fl. Umgegend Gleiwitz 183 (1846)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. firmula Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 279 (1829)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. gracilis Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 280 (1829)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. megalocarpa Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 286 (1828)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. minor Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 286 (1828)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. pubescens Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 245 (1846)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. stricta J.J.Schmitz & Regel; Fl. Bonn. 160 (1841), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. succulenta Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 279 (1829)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. trichocarpa Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 15(1): 17 (1897)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. vulgaris Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 279 (1829)
= Euphorbia pubescens J.Jacq.; Ecl. Pl. Rar. 1: 98 (1815), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia pubescens var. crispata (Hornem.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 135 (1862)
= Euphorbia ruderalis Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 87 (1827)
= Euphorbia stricta var. dubia (Dierb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 651 (1881)
= Euphorbia subciliata Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 18 (1806)
= Euphorbia verrucosa var. lanuginosa Mérat; Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris 179 (1812)
= Galarhoeus platyphyllos (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 151 (1812)
= Tithymalus platyphyllos (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/4 (1768)
subspecies :
subsp. literata (Jacq.) Holub; Acta Horti Bot. Prag. 1963: 51 (1964)
Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; ?Hungary; Croatia
11 AUT CZE SLO 13 CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia literata Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 2: 340 (1789)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. literata (Jacq.) W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 627 (1837)
= Galarhoeus literatus (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 151 (1812)
= Tithymalus literatus (Jacq.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
= Tithymalus platyphyllos subsp. literatus (Jacq.) Chrtek & Krísa; Biologia (Bratislava) 26: 569 (1971)
species :
Euphorbia platypoda Pax; Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 89(2b): 2 (1911 publ. 1912)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia platyrrhiza L.C.Leach; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 46(1-2): 257 (1976)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia platysperma Engelm. ex S.Watson; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 482 (1880)
Name: Flatseed sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sonora)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce platysperma (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Shinners; Field & Lab. 20: 25 (1952)
= Euphorbia eremica Jeps.; Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. [Jepson] 600 (1925)
species :
Euphorbia plebeia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 7: 93 (1846)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus plebejus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 86 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia plenispina S.Carter; Kew Bull. 54(4): 964 (1999 publ. 2000)
Distribution: C-Mozambique
26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia stenocaulis Bruyns; Novon 16(4): 457 (2006)
species :
Euphorbia plumerioides Teijsm. ex Hassk.; Hort. Bogor. Descr. 1: 29 (1858)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Western Australia, Queensland); New Caledonia [I]; Tonga [I]; Fiji
42 JAW LSI NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 FIJ nwc ton
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia corynoclada F.Muell.; S. Sci. Rec., n. s., 2: 2 (1886)
= Euphorbia fidjiana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 110 (1862)
= Euphorbia plumerioides var. homochroa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 110 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia podadenia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 40 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce podadenia (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia podocarpifolia Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 217 (1924)
Distribution: NE-Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbiodendron linearifolium Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 373 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia poecilophylla (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 428 (1949)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus poecilophyllus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 54, in clavi, et 186 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia poeppigii (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 56 (1862)
Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz, Santa Cruz)
83 BOL PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia poeppigii var. laxa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 57 (1862)
= Leptopus poeppigii Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 250 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia poissonii Pax; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 62 (1902)
Distribution: Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; ?Central African Republic; SW-Chad
22 BEN BKN GHA GUI IVO MLI NGA TOG 24 CHA
Remarks: possibly a variant of Euphorbia venenifica
species :
Euphorbia polyacantha Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 25 (1860)
Distribution: Egypt (SE-Egypt); Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert)
20 EGY 24 ERI ETH SOM SUD 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia infausta N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 580 (1912)
= Euphorbia polyacantha subsp. rosenii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 632 (1907)
= Euphorbia polyacantha var. rosenii (Pax) R.Br.
= Euphorbia polyacantha var. subinarticulata Schweinf.; Bull. Herb. Boissier 7(App. 2): 323 (1899)
= Euphorbia thi Schweinf.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 660 (1868)
= Euphorbia thi var. subinarticulata (Schweinf.) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 582 (1912)
species :
Euphorbia polyantha Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 87 (1909)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
species :
Euphorbia polycarpa Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 50 (1844)
Name: Smallseed sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Coahuila, Sonora, Zacatecas)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce carmenensis (Rose) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce intermixta (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
= Chamaesyce polycarpa (Benth.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Chamaesyce polycarpa var. hirtella (Boiss.) Millsp. ex Parish; Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 193: 110 (1913)
= Chamaesyce tonsita Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
= Euphorbia carmenensis Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 133 (1892)
= Euphorbia chamberlinii I.M.Johnst.; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 12: 1066 (1924)
= Euphorbia intermixta S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 74 (1889)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. carmenensis (Rose) L.C.Wheeler; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 63: 410 (1936)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. genuflexa L.C.Wheeler; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 63: 411 (1936)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. hirtella Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 44 (1862)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. intermixta (S.Watson) L.C.Wheeler; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 63: 412 (1936)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. johnstonii L.C.Wheeler; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 63: 410 (1936)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. mejamia L.C.Wheeler; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 63: 411 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia polycaulis Boiss. & Hohen.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 112 (1853)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia decipiens Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 197 (1860)
= Euphorbia ornata Stapf; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 44 (1886)
= Euphorbia sparsiglandulosa Ponert; Preslia 45: 361 (1973)
= Tithymalus decipiens (Boiss. & Buhse) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus polycaulis (Boiss. & Hohen.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 97 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia polycephala Marloth; S. African Gard. 21: 127. 133 (1931)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Dactylanthes
species :
Euphorbia polycnemoides Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 46 (1862)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Ethiopia; Somalia; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Saudi Arabia (Midyan, Hejaz, Asir); Yemen (SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama)
22 BEN BKN GHA GUI IVO MLI NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN GAB ZAI 24 CHA ETH SOM SUD 25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum polycnemoides (Hochst. ex Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 34 (1860)
= Chamaesyce polycnemoides (Hochst. ex Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 169 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia polygalifolia Boiss. & Reut.; Cent. Euphorb. 34 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. polygalifolia
Distribution: N-Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: verrucosa agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. polygalifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 85 (1974)
= Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. polygalifolia (Boiss. & Reut. ex Boiss.) Rivas Goday & Borja; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 19: 342 (1961)
= Tithymalus polygalifolius (Boiss. & Reut.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. vasconcensis Vivant ex Kerguélen; Lejeunia 120: 93 (1987)
Distribution: SW-France (E-Pyrénées)
12 FRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia polygalifolia subsp. vasconensis Vivant; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 117(7-8): 398 (1970 publ. 1971) (without type)
subspecies :
subsp. hirta (Lange) M.Laínz; Comun. I.N.I.A. Ser. Recurs. Nat. 2: 18 (1974)
Distribution: NW-Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia polygalifolia var. hirta Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 493 (1877)
species :
Euphorbia polygona Haw.; Misc. Nat. 184 (1803)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia anoplia Stapf; Bot. Mag. 148: t. 8947 (1923)
= Euphorbia cucumerina Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 886 (1799)
= Euphorbia horrida Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 27 (1860)
= Euphorbia horrida var. major A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 2: 688, 964 (1941)
= Euphorbia horrida var. noorsveldensis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 2: 687, 965 (1941)
= Euphorbia horrida var. striata A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 2: 684, 964 (1941)
= Euphorbia polygona var. alba D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 10(2): 24 (2014)
= Euphorbia polygona var. ambigua D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 10(2): 24 (2014)
= Euphorbia polygona var. anoplia (Stapf) D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 9(2): 10 (2013)
= Euphorbia polygona var. exilis D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 8(1): 20 (2012)
= Euphorbia polygona var. hebdomadalis D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 8(3): 10 (2012)
= Euphorbia polygona var. horrida (Boiss.) D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 10(3): 12 (2014)
= Euphorbia polygona var. major (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 9(2): 18 (2013)
= Euphorbia polygona var. minor D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 9(2): 13 (2013)
= Euphorbia polygona var. nivea D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 7(1): 25 (2011)
= Euphorbia polygona var. noorsveldensis (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 9(2): 20 (2013)
= Euphorbia polygona var. striata (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) D.H.Schnabel; Euphorbia World 9(2): 22 (2013)
species :
Euphorbia polygonifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 455 (1753)
Name: Seaside sandmat (EN)
Distribution: Poland [I]; N-Spain [I]; S-France [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia, Wisconsin)
11 pol 12 fra spa 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum polygonifolium (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 160 (1812)
= Chamaesyce polygonifolia (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 708 (1903)
= Euphorbia maritima Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 171 (1835)
= Xamesike polygonifolia (L.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 98 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia polyphylla Engelm ex Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 215 (1892)
Name: Lesser Florida spurge
Distribution: USA (Florida, Louisiana)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma polyphylla (Engelm. ex Holz.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 299 (1912)
= Tithymalopsis polyphylla (Engelm. ex Holz.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 716 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia ponderosa S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 416 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia pondii Millsp.; Pittonia 2: 88 (1890), nomen, et in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 12 (1890), descr.
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte); Isla Guadalupe
79 GLP MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pondii Millsp. ex Vasey & Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 12 (1890)
= Chamaesyce pondii (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Euphorbia guadalupensis Howell; Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 51 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia pontica Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 409 et 740, t. XXI, f. 2 (1949)
Distribution: NE-Greece (incl. Thasos, Samothraki); European Turkey; Bulgaria; Ukraine; Crimea; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains)
13 BUL GRC TUE 14 KRY UKR 33 ARM GEO 34 CYP IRN TUR
Remarks: myrsinites agg. Separate from E. myrsinites fide Frajman in Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia myrsinites subsp. pontica (Prokh.) R.Turner; Eur. Gard. Guide 136 (1995)
species :
Euphorbia porcata Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 546 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia porphyrantha Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 510 (1895)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama)
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia porteriana (Small) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989)
Name: Porter´s sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce porteriana Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 711 (1903)
variant :
var. keyensis (Small) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989)
Name: Key sandmat
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce porteriana var. keyensis (Small) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 99 (1966)
= Chamaesyce ×keyensis Small; Torreya 28: 6 (1928)
species :
Euphorbia portlandica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 458 (1753)
Name: Portland Spurge (EN)
Distribution: England (S- & W-England, Wales, Isle of Man, SW-Scotland, Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); ?Corsica
10 GRB IRE 12 BAL CIS FRA GIB POR SPA
Remarks: segetalis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Allobia portlandica (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Esula portlandica (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 154 (1812)
= Euphorbia fallax Deysson; Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 62: 36 (1907), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia imbricata Vahl; Symb. Bot. [Vahl] 2: 54 (1791)
= Euphorbia pinea subsp. portlandica (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 281 (1894)
= Euphorbia purpurascens Schousb.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann] 2: 508 (1815)
= Euphorbia segetalis proles portlandica (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 172 (1910)
= Euphorbia segetalis subsp. portlandica (L.) Litard.; Prodr. Fl. Corse 2(2): 88 (1936)
= Euphorbia segetalis var. litoralis Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 499 (1877)
= Euphorbia segetalis var. littoralis Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 498 (1880)
= Euphorbia segetalis var. portlandica (L.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 283 (1901)
= Galarhoeus imbricatus (Vahl) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 145 (1812)
= Tithymalus declinatus Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 284 (1802)
= Tithymalus imbricatus (Vahl) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 73 (1860)
= Tithymalus portlandicus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia portucasadiana (Croizat) Subils; Kurtziana 10: 163 (1977)
Distribution: Paraguay (Pres. Hayes); Argentina (Corrientes, Formosa)
85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce portucasadiana Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 186 (1943)
species :
Euphorbia portulacoides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 456, partim, Spreng. Syst. 3: 792 (1753)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Tarija); Uruguay (Montevideo); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chubut, Cordoba, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Pampa, Mendoza, Salta, Santa Fe, Tucuman); Chile (Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, O´Higgins, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía, Los Rios, Los Lagos, Aisén, Magallanes)
83 BOL 85 ARG CLE URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia atrosanguinea Poepp. ex Klotzsch; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 70 (1860), pro syn.
= Euphorbia bridgesii (Klotzsch & Garcke) Bertero ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 103 (1862)
= Euphorbia chilensis Gay; Fl. Chil. [Gay] 5: 335 (1851)
= Euphorbia conceptionis Rupr. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 102 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia littorea Miq. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 102 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. bridgesii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 103 (1862)
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. glabra Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 511 (1895)
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. normalis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 286 (1898), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. obtusifolia Müll.Arg.; J. Bot. 12: 233 (1874)
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. trinervia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 103 (1862)
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. xanthantha Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 286 (1898)
= Tithymalus atrosanguineus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 70 (1860)
= Tithymalus bridgesii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 70 (1860)
= Tithymalus chilensis (Gay) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 67 (1860)
= Tithymalus portulacoides (L.) Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 6: 239 (1916)
= Tithymalus subcrenatus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 66 (1860)
= Vallaris portulacoides (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
variant :
var. acutifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 103 (1862)
Distribution: Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Jujuy, La Pampa, Mendoza, Salta, San Luis, Tucuman)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. porphyrantha Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 286 (1898)
variant :
var. major Müll.Arg.; J. Bot. 12: 233 (1874)
Distribution: Argentina (Cordoba, Entre Rios, Jujuy, Salta, San Luis, Tucuman)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia portulacoides var. andensis Croizat; Darwiniana 6: 189 (1943)
= Euphorbia portulacoides subsp. major (Müll.Arg.) Croizat; Darwiniana 6: 188 (1943)
species :
Euphorbia potaninii Prokh.; Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 6, 20: 210 (1926)
Distribution: Siberia (Tuva); China (Nei Mongol); Mongolia
30 SIB 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus potaninii (Prokh.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 170 (1933), in obs.
species :
Euphorbia potentilloides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 3 (1860)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Cordillera, Paraguari); Uruguay (Rivera); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum caecorum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 38 (1860), nomen
= Chamaesyce caecorum (Mart. ex Boiss.) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 187 (1943)
= Chamaesyce potentilloides (Boiss.) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 184 (1943)
= Euphorbia albiflora Taub.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 442 (1896)
= Euphorbia caecorum Mart. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 51 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia potosina Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 36: 495 (1901)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Ciudad de Mexico, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce potosina (Fernald) Arthur; Torreya 11: 260 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia primulifolia Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 278 (1881)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
variant :
var. multangula S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(4): 190 (2000)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia proballyana L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 34: 289 (1968)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
variant :
var. multangula S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(4): 190 (2000)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia procera M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 378 (1808)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Remarks: esula agg.; species circumscription and validity is critical
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia caucasica Dubovik; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Nizsh. Rast. 1976: 96 (1976 publ. 1977)
= Euphorbia pilosa var. procera (M.Bieb.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 650 (1881)
= Galarhoeus procerus (M.Bieb.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 33 (1941)
= Tithymalus procerus (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4: 291 (1858)
species :
Euphorbia proctorii (D.G.Burch) Correll; Sida 8(4): 319 (1980)
Distribution: Bahamas (Great Inagua Isl.)
81 BAH
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce proctorii D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63(2): 378 (1976 publ. 1977)
species :
Euphorbia procumbens Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 12 (1768)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pugniformis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 92 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Medusea procumbens (Mill.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 134 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia prolifera Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 62 (1825)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hainan); Pakistan (N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab, Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab,Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos
36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 LAO MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cuneifolia Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 471 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia linifolia Wall. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 157 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia nepalensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 157 (1862), nom. superfl.
= Euphorbia pinus H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 296 (1912)
= Tithymalus prolifer (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia promecocarpa Davis; Kew Bull. [2(1)]: 65 (1947)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon)
34 LEB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus promecocarpus (Davis) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia prona S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 420 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 139 (1789)
Name: Prostrate sandmat (EN); Golondrina, Yerba de la nina, Yerba de larrea, Yerba de la vieja, Yerba lechera, Yerba lechosa (ES); Hingestreckte Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE); Lizard Grass (Trinidad & Tobago)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; San Marino [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Egypt [I] (Nile Delta [I], Nile Valley [I], NW-coastal Egypt [I]); Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Graciosa [I], Faial [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], La Palma [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Guinea-Bissau [I]; Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Principe Isl. [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; S-Chad [I]; Sudan [I]; Angola [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mozambique [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; St. Helena [I]; Madagascar [I]; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] [I] (Île Europa [I], Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Mauritius [I] (incl. Tromelin Isl. [I]); La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Îles Glorieuses [I]; Aldabra [I] (Aldabra Isl. [I], Asuncio Isl. [I], Cosmoledo Isl. [I], Astove Isl. [I], Farquhar Isl. [I]); Seychelles [I] (incl. Remire Isl. [I], Desroches Isl. [I]); Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I] (SSW-Anatolia [I]); Iraq [I] (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia [I]); Israel [I] (coastal W-Israel [I], Rift Valley [I], N-Israel [I]); Sinai peninsula [I] (N-Sinai [I], S-Sinai [I]); Saudi Arabia [I] (Hejaz [I]); Qatar [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; China [I] (Jiangsu [I], Hubei [I], Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Hainan [I], Yunnan [I]); Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Bonin Isl. [I] (Chichijima [I], Hahajima [I], Minamijima [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [I]; India [I] (widespread); Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Vietnam [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Thailand [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I], Timor [I], etc.); East Timor [I]; Cocos [Keeling] Isl. [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I] (Tongatapu [I], ´Eua [I]); Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; American Samoa [I] (Ta´u [I], Tutuila [I]); [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I], Aleipata Isl. [I]); Tokelau [I] (Fakaofo [I], Swains Isl. [I]); Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I], Orona [I], Manra [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Butaritari [I], Tarawa [I], Tabiteuea [I], Onotoa [I]); Line Isl. [I] (Fanning [I]); N-Line Isl. [I] (Teraina [I], Tabueran [I], Kiritimati [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I], Palmerston [I], N-Cook Isl. [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Hiva Oa [I], Ua Huka [I], Ua Pou [I], Tahuata [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Tupai [I], Raiatea [I]); Gambier Isl. [I] (Mangareva [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I], Rangiroa Atoll [I], Takapoto Atoll [I], etc. [I]); Marcus Isl. [Minami-Torishima] [I]; Palau [I] (Koror [I], Malakal [I], Angaur [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Pagan [I], Saipan [I], Tinian [I], Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Ulithi [I], Pohnpei [I], Fais [I], Woleai [I], Truk [I], Udot [I], Piis [I], Lukunor [I], Satawan [I], Nukuoro [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Ujae [I], Kwajalein [I], Jemo [I], Likiep [I], Ailinglapalap [I], Majuro [I], Arno [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Midway Isl. [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Lanai [I], Molokai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Wyoming); Bermuda; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Navassa Isl.; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda); Anguilla; St. Barthélémy; St. Kitts; Antigua; Barbuda; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Curacao; Colombia (Atlántico, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena); Venezuela (Amazonas, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Miranda, Sucre, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí, Santa Cruz, Tarija); NE-Brazil; WC-Brazil; SE-Brazil; S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Guaira); Uruguay (Artigas); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Santa Fe, Tucuman)
11 ger 12 por spa 13 bih cro grc ita kri sic slv sma 20 egy 21 azo cny cvi mdr 22 ben bkn gnb gui tog 23 ann bio con gab pri sao zai 24 cha sud 26 ang moz zam zim 27 bot nam saf swz 28 asc sth 29 ald cgs mau mdg reu rod sey 34 eai irq isr sin tur 35 qat sau uae 36 chi 38 nns oga tai 40 ban ind nep pak 41 and ncb tha vie 42 cki jaw lsi nwg phi scs sul xms 50 aus lhi nfk 60 asa fij gil nue phx rot sam tok ton van 61 coo gbi lin mrq sci tua 62 gum mcu mic mrn mrs plu wak 63 haw 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC 81 ABA AGU BAH BBD BER CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR NAV PUE SBA STK STL STV TCI TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum prostratum (Aiton) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 163 (1812)
= Aplarina prostrata (Aiton) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 99 (1836)
= Chamaesyce malaca Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 713 (1903)
= Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 713, 1333 (1903)
= Chamaesyce villosior (Greenm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
= Euphorbia callitrichoides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 52 (1817)
= Euphorbia malaca (Small) Little; Publ. Univ. Oklahoma Biol. Surv. 2(2): 70 (1930)
= Euphorbia perforata Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 540 (1827)
= Euphorbia prostrata var. caudirhiza Fosberg; Micronesica 25: 189 (1992)
= Euphorbia prostrata var. vestita Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 47 (1862)
= Euphorbia ramosa var. villosior Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s., 32: 297 (1897)
= Euphorbia tenella Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 53 (1817)
= Euphorbia trichogona Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 3: 20, t. 6, f. 3 (1844)
= Tithymalus prostratus (Aiton) Samp.; Anais Fac. Sci. Porto 17: 45 (1931)
species :
Euphorbia psammiticola Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488(1): 51 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia psammogeton P.S.Green; Kew Bull. 48(2): 314 (1993)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, New South Wales); Lord Howe Isl.
50 AUS LHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce psammogeton (P.S.Green) P.I.Forst. & R.J.F.Hend.; Novon 5(4): 323 (1995)
= Euphorbia atoto var. imbricata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 13 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia psammophila Ule; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 224 (1908)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia pseudoapios Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 222, 302 (1939)
Distribution: Libya
20 LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus pseudoapios (Maire & Weiller) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia pseudoaprica J.-P.Castillon; CactusWorld 39(4): 290 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia pseudoburuana P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3874 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Euphorbia pseudocactus A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 78 (1907)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia pseudocontorta Bruyns; Phytotaxa 433(3): 299 (2020)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Euphorbia pseudodidiereoides J.-P.Castillon & Rajaov.; Malagasy Nat. 13: 61 (2019)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
species :
Euphorbia pseudofulva Miranda; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 21: 304 (1951)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia pseudoglobosa Marloth; S. African Gard. 19: 191 (1929), et ex Muir, J. S. African Bot. 2: 127 (1936), descr. ampl.
subspecies :
subsp. pseudoglobosa
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia frickiana N.E.Br.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 2: 491 (1931)
= Euphorbia juglans Compton; J. S. African Bot. 1: 126 (1935)
= Euphorbia pseudoglobosa var. dysselsdorpensis D.H.Schnabel, van Veldh. & Marx; Euphorbia World 14(2): 14 (2018)
= Euphorbia pseudoglobosa subsp. vlokii Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 40 (2018)
= Euphorbia pseudoglobosa var. juglans (Compton) D.H.Schnabel, van Veldh. & Marx; Euphorbia World 14(2): 13 (2018)
= Euphorbia pseudoglobosa var. oshoekensis D.H.Schnabel, van Veldh. & Marx; Euphorbia World 14(2): 17 (2018)
subspecies :
subsp. nesemannii (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns; Euphorbia S. Africa 1: 172 (2022)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia latimammillaris Croizat; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 331 (1933)
= Euphorbia nesemannii R.A.Dyer; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 267 (1934)
species :
Euphorbia pseudograntii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 342 (1901)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia pseudohirsuta Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; N-Zimbabwe
26 MLW ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium hirsutum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 27 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia pseudolaevis Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania; N-Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium laeve Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2666 (1901)
species :
Euphorbia pseudomollis Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium molle Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 88 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia pseudonudicaulis Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium nudicaule P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 29 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia pseudopetiolata Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium petiolatum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 30 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia pseudoracemosa (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium pseudoracemosum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 30 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia pseudosikkimensis (Hurus. & Tanaka) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 36(2): 216 (1981)
Distribution: Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia donii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989)
= Euphorbia longifolia D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 162 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia schillingii Radcl.-Sm.; Bot. Mag., n. s. 4: 112 (1987)
= Euphorbia schillingii var. praecox A.D.Schill. ex Radcl.-Sm.; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 8(1): 46 (1991)
= Tithymalus longifolius (D.Don) Hurus. & Yu.Tanaka; Fl. E. Himalaya 182, in notes (1966)
= Tithymalus pseudosikkimensis Hurus. & Yu.Tanaka; Fl. E. Himalaya 182 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia pseudosimplex Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium simplex Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 743 (1898)
species :
Euphorbia pseudostellata Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium stellatum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 33 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia pseudotrinervis Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Kenya (mountains)
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium trinerve P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 33 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia pseudotuberosa Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 637 (1908)
Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State)
27 BOT SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Dactylanthes
species :
Euphorbia pseudovolkensii Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium volkensii Pax; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 242 (1895)
species :
Euphorbia psilosperma Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 551 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia pteroclada L.C.Leach; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 46(1-2): 260 (1976)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Euphorbia pterococca Brot.; Fl. Lusit. 2: 312 (1804)
Name: Geflügelte Wolfsmilch (DE); Lechetrezna alada (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; W-Greece (Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., S-Peloponnisos); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NW-coastal Egypt); Madeira; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Hierro); East Aegaean Isl. (Psara, Samos)
11 ger 12 BAL COR GIB POR SAR SPA 13 GRC ITA KRI SIC 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 34 EAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bialata Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 13 (1822)
= Euphorbia pterococca var. pilosa Lazare & Charpin; Saussurea 19: 17 (1988 publ. 1989)
= Euphorbia pterococca var. pruinosa C.Vicioso; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 6: 53 (1948)
= Euphorbia stellulata Salzm.; Flora 4: 110 (1821)
= Tithymalus pterococcus (Brot.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 72 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia pteroneura A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 29 (1907)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia floresii Standl.; Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 461: 67 (1935)
= Euphorbia pteroneura var. macdougalliana Croizat; Desert Pl. Life 15: 23 (1943)
= Euphorbia steyermarkii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 121 (1944)
species :
Euphorbia pubentissima Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 212 (1803)
Name: False flowering spurge
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma apocynifolia (Small) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Agaloma paniculata (Boiss.) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 300 (1912)
= Agaloma pubentissima (Michx.) D.B.Ward; Novon 11(3): 362 (2001)
= Agaloma zinniflora (Small) Nieuwl.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 2: 299 (1912)
= Euphorbia apocynifolia Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 467 (1898)
= Euphorbia corollata var. apocynifolia (Small) Millsp.; Bot. Gaz. 26: 268 (1898)
= Euphorbia corollata var. mollis Millsp.; Bot. Gaz. 26: 267 (1898)
= Euphorbia corollata var. paniculata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 67 (1862)
= Euphorbia corollata var. zinniiflora (Small) H.E.Ahles; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 173 (1964)
= Euphorbia paniculata Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 660 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia pubentissima var. glabrata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 67 (1862)
= Euphorbia zinniiflora Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 615 (1898)
= Tithymalopsis apocyniflora (Small) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 717 (1903)
= Tithymalopsis paniculata (Elliott) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 718 (1903)
= Tithymalopsis zinniiflora (Small) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 717 (1903)
= Tithymalus paniculatus (Elliott) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia pubicaulis S.Moore; J. Bot. 64: 97 (1926)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia pubiglans N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 338 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
species :
Euphorbia pudibunda (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia; N-Zimbabwe
23 ZAI 26 ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium pudibundum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 31 (1959)
= Monadenium simplex var. pudibundum (P.R.O.Bally) P.R.O.Bally; Gen. Monaden. 40 (1961)
variant :
var. lanata (S.Carter) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006)
Distribution: S-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ZAM
variant :
var. rotundifolia (Malaisse & Lecron) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium pudibundum var. rotundifolium Malaisse & Lecron; Bull. Séances Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre-Mer 40: 406 (1994 publ. 1995)
species :
Euphorbia pueblensis Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 367 (1917)
Distribution: Mexico (Puebla)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 2: 27 (1834)
Name: Flor de Pascua (ES); Weihnachtsstern (DE)
Distribution: Canary Isl. [I] (Gran Canaria [I]); Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; São Tomé [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; Chad [I]; Angola [I]; South Africa [I]; Eswatini [Swaziland] [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; China [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [c]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Thailand [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; New Guinea [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I], Aitutaki [I], Ngaputoru Group [I], Manihiki [I]); Society Isl. [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I]); Gambier Isl. [I]; Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Palau [I] (Koror [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Pohnpei [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]
21 cny 22 ben bkn gam gui 23 ann cmn sao zai 24 cha 26 ang 27 saf swz 29 mau reu rod 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban ind pak 41 and cbd ncb tha vie 42 jaw nwg phi 60 fij nue nwc rot ton van 61 coo gbi pit sci 62 gum mic mrs plu wak 79 MEX 80 blz COS els GUA HON NIC PAN 81 cub his pue trt 82 clm 83 bol ecu
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia coccinea Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 182 (1833), nom. provis.
= Euphorbia diversifolia Willd. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 71 (1862)
= Euphorbia erithrophylla Bertol.; Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. 1: 414 (1838)
= Euphorbia fastuosa Sessé & Moc.; Pl. Nov. Hisp., ed. 1: 81 (1887 publ. 1890), et ed. 2: 76 (1893)
= Euphorbia lutea Alam. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 72 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia poinsettiana Buist ex Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 20: 412 (1836), pro syn.
= Euphorbia poinsettii Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 182 (1833), nom. prov.
= Euphorbia pulcherrima f. lutea Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 151 (1940)
= Pleuradena coccinea Raf.; Atlantic J. 1: 182 (1833)
= Poinsettia ignescens Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 83: 20 (1882)
= Poinsettia mirabilis Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 83: 20 (1882)
= Poinsettia pulcherrima (Willd. ex Klotzsch) Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 20: 412 (1836)
= Poinsettia pulcherrima var. albida Maund; Botanist 2: t. 70 (1838)
= Poinsettia pulcherrima var. major H.J.Veitch; Gard. Chron. 1872: 1626 (1872)
= Poinsettia pulcherrima var. plena Hovey; Nursery Cat. (Hovey & co.) 1882: 13 (1882)
= Poinsettia pulcherrima var. plenissima H.J.Veitch; Gard. Chron., n. s. 4: 782 (1875)
= Poinsettia pulcherrima var. rosea-carminata Dombrain; Floral Mag. (London), n. s., 12: t. 68 (1873)
= Poinsettia pulcherrima var. roseocarminata W.Bull; Cat. New Beautiful Rare Pl. [W.Bull] 68: 9 (1873)
= Poinsettia variabilis Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 83: 21 (1882)
species :
Euphorbia pulvinata Marloth; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 1: 315 (1909)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 LES SAF SWZ
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
species :
Euphorbia pumicicola Huft; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71(4): 1022 (1984 publ. 1985)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia punctata Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 234, t. 30, f. 3 (1813)
Distribution: Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai)
20 EGY 34 SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus punctatus (Delile) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia punctulata Andersson; Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 1853: 235 (1855)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce punctulata (Andersson) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 175 (1969)
= Euphorbia anderssonii Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 63 (1900)
= Euphorbia articulata Andersson; Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 1853: 236 (1855), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia bisulcata J.T.Howell; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 21: 330 (1935)
= Euphorbia diffusa Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 184 (1847), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia howellii L.C.Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 42 (1939)
species :
Euphorbia punicea Sw.; Prodr. [O.P.Swartz] 76 (1788)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Adenorima punicea (Sw.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1836)
= Euphorbia troyana Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 394 (1908)
= Euphorbiodendron puniceum (Sw.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
= Euphorbiodendron troyanum (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
= Poinsettia punicea (Sw.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
= Tithymalus puniceus (Sw.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 140 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia purpurea (Raf.) Fernald; Rhodora 34: 25 (1932)
Name: Darlington´s glade spurge
Distribution: USA (Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Agaloma purpurea Raf.; Autik. Bot. 94 (1840)
= Euphorbia darlingtonii A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 1: 404 (1848)
= Euphorbia darlingtonii var. glabra Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 119 (1862)
= Euphorbia discolor Shuttlew. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 119 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia nemoralis Darl.; Fl. Cestr., ed. 2: 518 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia pilosa Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 607 (1814), nom. illeg.
= Galarhoeus darlingtonii (A.Gray) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 801 (1933)
= Keraselma ciliatum Raf.; Autik. Bot. 94 (1840)
= Tithymalus darlingtonii (A.Gray) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 719 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia pycnostegia Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 9 (1860)
Distribution: S-India (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce pycnostegia (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
= Euphorbia pycnostegia var. laxa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 19 (1862)
variant :
var. zornioides (Boiss.) Santapau; Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 8: 11 (1954)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Daman, Diu, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce zornioides (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
= Euphorbia zornioides Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 19 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia pyrenaica Jord.; Observ. Pl. Nouv. 3: 237 (1846)
Name: Pyrenäen-Wolfsmilch, Zwergbuchs-Wolfsmilch
Distribution: N-Spain (W-Pyrénées, Cordillera Cantábrica); SW-France
12 FRA SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia chamaebuxus Bernard ex Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France Prosp. 8 (1846)
= Tithymalus chamaebuxus (Bernard ex Gren. & Godr.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus pyrenaeus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 114 (1897)
species :
Euphorbia pyrifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 419 (1788)
Distribution: Madagascar; Mauritius; La Réunion; Aldabra (Aldabra Isl., Asuncio Isl., Cosmoledo Isl., Astove Isl.)
29 ALD MAU MDG REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia abbottii Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 150 (1894), et in Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2347 (1894)
= Euphorbia gracilipes Baill.; Recueil Observ. Bot. 1: 140 (1861)
variant :
var. coriacea Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 39(3): 602 (1984)
Distribution: Mauritius
29 MAU
species :
Euphorbia qarad Deflers; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 230 (1896)
Distribution: Yemen (SW-Yemen, Aden Desert)
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia quadrangularis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 119 (1894)
Distribution: Tanzania; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
species :
Euphorbia quadrata Nel; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 42 (1935)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Pseudeuphorbium
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia francescae L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 50(4): 563 (1984)
= Euphorbia stegmatica Nel; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 43 (1935)
species :
Euphorbia quadrialata Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 286 (1903)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia quadrilatera L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 46(3): 318 (1980)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia quadrispina S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3869 (1982)
Distribution: N-Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia quaitensis S.Carter; Candollea 43(2): 564 (1988)
Distribution: S-Yemen
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia quinquecostata Volkens; Kew Bull. 42: 673 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique
25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia intercedens Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 75 (1904)
species :
Euphorbia quitensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862)
Distribution: Ecuador
83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce quitensis (Boiss.) G.L.Webster; Cat. Vasc. Pl. Ecuador (Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75): 954 (1999)
species :
Euphorbia radfanensis Al-Fatimi & N.Kilian; Euphorbia World 17(1): 9, figs. 1-9 (2021)
Distribution: Yemen
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia radians Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 8 (1839)
Name: Sun spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Poinsettia radians (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
variant :
var. stormiae (Croizat) Rzed. & Calderón; Cact. Suc. Mex. 32(4): 76 (1987)
Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia stormiae Croizat; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 13 (1939)
species :
Euphorbia radiifera L.C.Leach; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 45: 205 (1975), nom. nov.
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia verticillata Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 740, nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia radioloides Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 45 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce radioloides (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Euphorbia radioloides var. rubra Millsp.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 65 (1889)
species :
Euphorbia radyeri Bruyns; Bothalia 42(2): 228 (2012)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia ramena Buddens. & Razaf.; Euphorbia World 11(3): 13 (2015)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ramipressa Croizat; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 6: 79 (1934)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia alcicornis Poiss.; Fl. Merid. Madagascar 39 (1912) (non Berger)
species :
Euphorbia ramofraga Denis & Humbert ex Leandri; Naturaliste Malgache 4: 81 (1952)
Distribution: S- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ramosa Seaton; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 28: 121 (1893)
Distribution: Mexico
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce ramosa (Seaton) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia ramulosa L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 32: 176 (1966)
Distribution: NE-Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Euphorbia randrianijohanyi Haevermans & Labat; Syst. Bot. 29: 229 (2004)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia rangovalensis Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 73 (1945)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia castillonii Lavranos; Succulentes 2002(3): 5 (2002)
species :
Euphorbia rapanarivoi Houyelle; Euphorbia World 18(3): 30 (2023)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia raphanorrhiza (Millsp.) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3a): No. 1, 28 (1951)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus raphanorrhizus Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 95 (1925)
species :
Euphorbia raphilippii Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Chile (Coquimbo)
85 CLE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lanceolata Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 508 (1895), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia rapulum Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 448 (1842)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Gansu, ?Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus rapulum (Kar. & Kir.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 67 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia rauhii Haevermans & Labat; Syst. Bot. 29: 122 (2004)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ravii A.Naray. & K.Prasad; Taiwania 67(2): 229 (2022)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia rayturneri V.W.Steinm. & Jercinovic; Novon 22(4): 482 (2013)
Distribution: USA (New Mexico); Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
77 USA 79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia razafinjohanyi Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 162 (1954 publ. 1955)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia rechingeri Greuter; Candollea 20: 172 (1965)
Distribution: Crete (Lefka Ori)
13 KRI
Remarks: myrsinites agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia myrsinites subsp. rechingeri (Greuter) Aldén; Mountain Fl. Greece [Strid] 1: 570 (1986)
= Tithymalus rechingeri (Greuter) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4). 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia reclinata P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(1): 120 (1985), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia hepatica P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3867 (1982), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia reconciliationis Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 33(2): 229 (1978)
Distribution: La Réunion
29 REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce reconciliationis (Radcl.-Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 150(3-4): 138 (1981 publ. 1982)
species :
Euphorbia recurva Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 182 (1847)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce recurva (Hook.f.) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 175 (1969)
= Euphorbia apiculata Andersson; Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 1853: 234 (1855)
= Euphorbia flabellaris Andersson ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 17 (1862)
= Euphorbia maculata Andersson; Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 1853: 233 (1855), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia nesiotica B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 38: 167 (1902)
species :
Euphorbia regis-jubae J.Gay; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 250 (1847)
Name: König Jubas Wolfsmilch (DE); Tabaiba salvaje (ES)
Distribution: W-Morocco; Western Sahara; Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura)
20 MOR WSA 21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia capazii Caball.; Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 30: 25 (1935)
= Euphorbia dendroides var. hesperia Jahand. & Maire; Cavanillesia 5: 14 (1932)
= Euphorbia lamarckii f. latibracteata (G.Kunkel) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae
= Euphorbia lamarckii subsp. regis-jubae (J.Gay) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae
= Euphorbia lamarckii var. pseudodendroides (H.Lindb.) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae
= Euphorbia mauritanica Webb ex J.Gay; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 250 (1846) non L.
= Euphorbia obtusifolia f. latibracteata G.Kunkel; Naturalia Hispanica 15: 54 (1978)
= Euphorbia obtusifolia subsp. regis-jubae (J.Gay) Maire; Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 462 (1932)
= Euphorbia obtusifolia var. pseudodendroides (H.Lindb.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 258 (1936)
= Euphorbia pseudodendroides H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2) (Itin. Medit.): 98 (1932)
= Euphorbia virgata subsp. regis-jubae (J.Gay) Soldano; Nat. Bresciana 29: 145 (1993 publ. 1994)
= Tirucalia virgata var. latibracteata (G.Kunkel) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 94 (1996)
= Tirucalia virgata var. pseudodendroides (H.Lindb.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 94 (1996)
= Tirucalia virgata var. regis-jubae (J.Gay) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 94 (1996)
= Tithymalus regis-jubae (J.Gay) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 93 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia reineckei Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 648 (1898)
Distribution: American Samoa (Tutuila); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i); Palau (Angaur)
60 ASA SAM 62 PLU
species :
Euphorbia rejaneae Houyelle; Euphorbia World 18(2): 43 (2023), nom. nov.
Distribution: N-Madagascar (Antsiranana)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia perrieri var. elongata Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 88 (1921)
species :
Euphorbia remyi A.Gray ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1262 (1862)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce remyi (A.Gray ex Boiss.) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce remyi var. kahiliana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce remyi var. lydgatei (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce remyi var. olokelensis (Skottsb. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce remyi var. pteropoda (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce remyi var. wahiawana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce remyi var. waimeana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia remyi var. hanaleiensis Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 588 (1936)
= Euphorbia remyi var. kahiliana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 586 (1936)
= Euphorbia remyi var. kauaiensis O.Deg. & Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 584 (1936)
= Euphorbia remyi var. lydgatei Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 585 (1936)
= Euphorbia remyi var. olokelensis Skottsb. & Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 586 (1936)
= Euphorbia remyi var. pteropoda Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 585 (1936)
= Euphorbia remyi var. wahiawana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 586 (1936)
= Euphorbia remyi var. waimeana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 584 (1936)
variant :
var. hanaleiensis Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 588 (1936)
Distribution: +Hawaii (+Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Extinct
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce remyi var. hanaleiensis (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
variant :
var. kauaiensis O.Deg. & Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 584 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] 190: s. p. (1959)
species :
Euphorbia reniformis Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 634 (1826)
Distribution: China (Hainan); Thailand; Laos; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (incl. Timor); New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
36 CHI 41 LAO THA 42 JAW LSI NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum congenerum (Blume) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 22 (1860)
= Chamaesyce reniformis (Blume) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(34): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Euphorbia bimensis Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 420 (1859)
= Euphorbia congenera Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 634 (1826)
species :
Euphorbia renneyi (S.Carter) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium renneyi S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(4): 916 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia repanda (Haw.) Sweet; Hort. Suburb. Lond. 107 (1818)
Distribution: India
40 IND
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus repandus Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 142 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia repetita Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 240 (1850)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus repetitus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 96 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia reptans P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 49(4): 182 (1977)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia resinifera O.Berg; Offiz. Gew. [O.C.Berg & C.F.Schmidt] 4: t. 34d verso (1863)
Distribution: Morocco; Taiwan [I]
20 MOR 38 tai
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia resinifera var. chlorosoma Croizat; Desert Pl. Life 14: 46 (1942)
= Tithymalus resinifer (O.Berg) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 587 (1882)
species :
Euphorbia restiacea Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 162 (1846)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Poinsettia restiacea (Benth.) Dressler; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 336 (1962)
species :
Euphorbia restituta N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 339 (1915)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia graveolens N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 253 (1915)
= Euphorbia radiata E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 90 (1862), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia restricta R.A.Dyer; Bothalia 6: 224 (1951)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia retrospina Rauh & Gerold; Succulentes 2000(4): 6 (2000)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
species :
Euphorbia retusa (L.) Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 93 (1775)
Distribution: Morocco; S-Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt, SE-Egypt); Mauritania; Iraq (S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Israel (Rift Valley, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Midyan, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN 34 IRQ ISR JOR SIN 35 KUW QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 PAK
Remarks: sect. Chylogala
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula retusa (Forssk.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 149 (1869)
= Euphorbia cornuta Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 17 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia exigua subsp. retusa (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 618 (1882)
= Euphorbia kahirensis Raeusch.; Nomencl. Bot. [Raeuschel], ed. 3: 140 (1797)
= Euphorbia linearis Schrank; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 6: 181 (1816-1817 publ. 1820), nom. illeg.
= Keraselma retusa (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus cornutus Schweinf. ex Asch.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. [Schweinfurth] 263 (1867), nom. superfl.
= Tithymalus cristatus Raf.; Autik. Bot. 92 (1840), nom. superfl.
= Tithymalus retusus (Forssk.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 83 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia reuteriana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 115 (1853)
Distribution: Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
34 ISR JOR LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus reuterianus (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 83 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia revoluta Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 186 (1858)
Name: Threadstem sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Zacatecas)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce revoluta (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 711 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia rhabdodes Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 30 (1860)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Brasilia Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia riedeliana Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 30 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia rhabdotosperma Radcl.-Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 34: 129 (1975)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Remarks: helioscopia agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus rhabdotospermus (Radcl.-Sm.) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 428 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia rhizophora (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
Distribution: Kenya (mountains)
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium rhizophorum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 32 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia rhombifolia Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 19 (1860)
Distribution: ?Angola; Namibia; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrothamnus brachiatus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 251 (1859), et Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 62 (1860)
= Arthrothamnus densiflorus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 251 (1859), et Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 62 (1860)
= Euphorbia amarifontana N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 275 (1915)
= Euphorbia angrae N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 279 (1915)
= Euphorbia bayeri L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 54(6): 539 (1988)
= Euphorbia brachiata (Klotzsch & Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 74 (1862)
= Euphorbia caterviflora N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 286 (1915)
= Euphorbia chersina N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 274 (1915)
= Euphorbia decussata E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 74 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia einensis G.Will.; Haseltonia 10: 57 (2004)
= Euphorbia einensis var. anemoarenicola G.Will.; Haseltonia 10: 62 (2004)
= Euphorbia hastisquama N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 288 (1915)
= Euphorbia indecora N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 274 (1915)
= Euphorbia mundii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 287 (1915)
= Euphorbia perpera N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 277 (1915)
= Euphorbia rudolfii N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 276 (1915)
= Tirucalia amarifontana (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 87 (1996)
= Tirucalia angrae (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 87 (1996)
= Tirucalia brachiata (Klotzsch ex Garcke) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
= Tirucalia caterviflora (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 88 (1996)
= Tirucalia chersina (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 89 (1996)
= Tirucalia densiflora (Klotzsch) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 89 (1996)
= Tirucalia indecora (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
= Tirucalia perpera (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
= Tirucalia rhombifolia (Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
= Tirucalia rudolfii (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)), as ´rudolphii´
species :
Euphorbia rhytidosperma Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 84 (1859)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia)
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus rhytidospermus (Boiss. & Balansa) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia rhytisperma (Klotzsch & Garcke) Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862)
Distribution: Chile
85 CLE
Remarks: status doubtful
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum rhytispermum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 34 (1860)
= Chamaesyce rhytisperma (Engelm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
= Euphorbia hypericifolia Phil. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 34 (1860)
= Euphorbia proadoa M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2019(8)-4: 7 (2019), nom. nov. illeg.
= Euphorbia rhytisperma (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2.1): 43 (1862)
= Euphorbia rhytisperma Engelm. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 34 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia richardsiae L.C.Leach; Kirkia 10(2): 392 (1977)
subspecies :
subsp. richardsiae
Distribution: Malawi
26 MLW
subspecies :
subsp. robusta L.C.Leach; Kirkia 10(2): 394 (1977)
Distribution: Malawi
26 MLW
species :
Euphorbia ridleyi Croizat; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 9: 147 (1937)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Selangor)
41 THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia synadenium Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 36 (1912), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia riebeckii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 26 (1901)
Distribution: Oman; Yemen (SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut)
35 OMA YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce riebeckii (Pax) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia rigida M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 375 (1808)
Name: Steife Wolfsmilch (DE); Stiff Spurge (EN)
Distribution: Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (Kefalonia, Attiki, Peloponnisos); Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt; Mauritania; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Psara, Samos, Kalimnos, Kos, Nisyros, Rhodos); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, W-Syrian Mountains); USA [I] (California [I])
13 ALB CRO GRC ITA SIC TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 22 MTN 33 GEO 34 EAI IRN LEB SYR TUR 76 usa
Remarks: rigida agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia biglandulosa Desf.; Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 12: 114 (1808)
= Euphorbia biglandulosa var. mauretanica Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 37 (1929)
= Euphorbia phlomos Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 156 (1897)
= Euphorbia pungens Banks & Sol.; Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2 [Russell]: 2: 268 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia rigida var. mauretanica (Maire) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia suffruticosa Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 26 (1775)
= Galarhoeus rigidus (M.Bieb.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 150 (1812)
= Tithymalus biglandulosus (Desf.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 141 (1812)
= Tithymalus rigidus (M.Bieb.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia rigidispina Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 43 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
species :
Euphorbia riinae V.W.Steinm.; Phytotaxa 114(1): 28 (2013)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
species :
Euphorbia rimarum Coss. & Balansa; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 20: 261 (1873)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus rimarum (Coss. & Balansa) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia ritchiei (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
subspecies :
subsp. ritchiei
Distribution: Kenya (mountains)
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium ritchiei P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 32 (1959)
subspecies :
subsp. marsabitensis (S.Carter) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium ritchiei subsp. nyambense S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(4): 915 (1987)
subspecies :
subsp. nyambensis (S.Carter) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
Distribution: NE-Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium ritchiei subsp. marsabitense S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(4): 915 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia rivae Pax; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 6: 186 (1897)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; ?Tanzania
24 ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia robecchii Pax; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 6: 186 (1897)
Distribution: Ethiopia; ?Djibouti; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pimeleodendron Pax; Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 89: Abt. 2, Zool.-Bot. 1 (1911)
= Euphorbia ruspolii Chiov.; Ric. Idrogeol. Bot. Entomol. Somalia Ital. Merid. [Stefanini & Paoli] 1: 1: 159 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia robivelonae Rauh; Succulentes 1994(1): 9 (1994)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia rochaensis (Croizat) Alonso Paz & Marchesi; Comun. Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo 5(84): 1 (1988)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Rocha)
84 BRA 85 URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce koerneriana (Allem & Irgang) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40: 392 (1978)
= Chamaesyce rochaensis Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 195 (1945)
= Euphorbia koerneriana Allem & Irgang; Fl. Il. Rio Grande do Sul 11: 54 (1975)
= Euphorbia rochaensis (Croizat) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989), isonym
species :
Euphorbia rockii C.N.Forbes; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 4: 214 (1909)
Distribution: Hawaii (Oahu)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Endangered, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce rockii (C.N.Forbes) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce rockii var. grandifolia (Hillebr.) Koutnik; Brittonia 37(4): 398 (1985)
= Euphorbia clusiifolia var. grandifolia Hillebr.; Fl. Hawaiian Isl. [Hillebrand] 395 (1888)
= Euphorbia rockii var. grandiflora (Hillebr.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989)
species :
Euphorbia roemeriana Scheele; Linnaea 22: 151 (1849)
Name: Roemer´s spurge
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus roemerianus (Scheele) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 720 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia rohlenae Velen.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. Prag, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. (Vestn. Král. Ceské Spolecn. Nauk., Tr. Mat.-Prír.) 1911: 3 (1911 publ. 1912)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia
35 SAU
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia roschanica (Ikonn.) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 216 (1981)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus roschanicus lkonn.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 15: 220 (1979)
= Euphorbia roschanica (lkonn.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989), isonym
species :
Euphorbia rosea Retz.; Observ. Bot. [Retzius] 4: 26 (1786)
Distribution: Iran (SE-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan); Pakistan (Chitral); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Vietnam
34 AFG IRN 40 IND LDV MDV NEP PAK SRL 41 CBD LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum roseum (Retz.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 163 (1812)
= Chamaesyce auricularia (Boiss.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 453 (1977)
= Chamaesyce glaucescens (Willd.) V.S.Raju; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(1): 91 (2004)
= Chamaesyce rosea (Retz.) G.L.Webster; J. Arnold Arbor. 48: 423 (1967)
= Chamaesyce rosea (Retz.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972), isonym
= Euphorbia auricularia Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 17 (1860)
= Euphorbia glaucescens Willd.; Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 183 (1803)
= Euphorbia rosea f. auricularia (Boiss.) Gamble; Fl. Madras 1275 (1925)
= Euphorbia saturejoides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 424 (1788)
= Tithymalus rosea (Retz.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia roseana (Marn.-Lap. ex Demoly) J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Euphorbia World 16(3): 11 (2020)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
Remarks: milii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia milii var. roseana Marn.-Lap. ex Demoly; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 18-19: 189 (2002)
species :
Euphorbia rosescens E.L.Bridges & Orzell; Lundellia 5: 71 (2002)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
species :
Euphorbia rossiana Pax; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 162 (1910)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia antisyphilitica var. luxurians Miranda; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 14: 31 (1943)
species :
Euphorbia rossii Rauh & Buchloh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 18: 202 (1967)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia rosularis Fed.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 9: 50 (1941)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan
32 TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus rosularis (Fed.) Pazij; Fl. Uzbekist. 4: 97 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia rothiana Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 796 (1826)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Guizhou); India (Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; Vietnam; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Timor, etc.)
36 CHI 40 IND SRL 41 VIE 42 JAW LSI SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia divergens Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 114 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia glauca Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 2: 473 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia javanica Jungh.; Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2: 44 (1845)
= Euphorbia laeta B.Heyne ex Roth; Nov. Pl. Sp. 230 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia lanceolaria Benth.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7691 (1847), nomen
= Euphorbia oreophila Miq.; Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam, Ser. 3, 5: 17 (1852)
= Euphorbia oreophila var. pubescens Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 156 (1862)
= Euphorbia oreophila var. wightiana (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 156 (1862)
= Euphorbia rothiana var. pubescens (Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia rothiana var. wightiana (Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia socialis Zoll.; Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 1: 484 (1844), nomen
= Euphorbia wightiana Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 37 (1860)
= Tithymalus divergens Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 114 (1862)
= Tithymalus rothianus (Spreng.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 89 (1860)
= Tithymalus thwaitesii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 92 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia rothrockii (Millsp.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989)
Distribution: ?USA (?Arizona); N-Mexico
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce rothrockii Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 376 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia rowlandii R.A.Dyer; Bothalia 7: 28 (1958)
Distribution: S-Zimbabwe; South Africa (N-Limpopo)
26 ZIM 27 SAF
species :
Euphorbia royleana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 83 (1862)
Distribution: China; Taiwan; Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab, Murree); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh); Myanmar
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pentagona Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle], 329 (1836), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia rubella Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 287 (1903)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia rubella Pax ex Engl.; Sitzungsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 730 (1906), nomen
species :
Euphorbia rubriflora N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 509 (1911)
Distribution: Zambia; Zimbabwe; Botswana
26 ZAM ZIM 27 BOT
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
species :
Euphorbia rubriseminalis S.Carter; Candollea 43(2): 566 (1988)
Distribution: S-Yemen
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia rubrispinosa S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3866 (1982)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia rubromarginata L.E.Newton; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64(4): 167 (1992)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya
24 ETH 25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia rubrostriata Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 44 (1903)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mainiana Poiss.; Rech. Fl. Mérid. Madagascar 37 (1912)
= Euphorbia isaloensis Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 307 (1899)
species :
Euphorbia ruficeps S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 416 (1980)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW ZAM
species :
Euphorbia rugosa (S.Carter) Y.F.Deng; Phytotaxa 591(1): 78 (2023)
Distribution: Tanzania; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia neorugosa Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov. inval.
= Euphorbia neorugosa Bruyns ex Idrees; Phytotaxa 541(1): 86 (2022)
= Monadenium rugosum S.Carter; Kew Bull. 55(2): 437 (2000)
species :
Euphorbia rugosiflora L.C.Leach; Kirkia 13(2): 319 (1990)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia ruiziana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 31 (1862)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru
83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum ruizianum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 37 (1860)
= Chamaesyce ruiziana (Klotzsch & Garcke) G.L.Webster; Cat. Vasc. Pl. Ecuador (Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75): 954 (1999)
species :
Euphorbia ruizlealii Subils; Kurtziana 8: 75 (1975)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, San Juan)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce ruizlealii (Subils) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 425 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia rupestris Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 190 (1830)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai)
30 SIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia meyeri Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 613 (1841)
= Tithymalus rupestris (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 73 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia rutilis (Millsp.) Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 120 (1944)
Distribution: Mexico (Yucatan); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce rutilis Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 385 (1914)
species :
Euphorbia rzedowskii McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 20: 202 (1995)
Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia sabulicola Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 6 (1860)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia saccharata Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 18 (1860)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, etc.)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia sachetiana (J.Florence) Govaerts; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Euphorbiaceae 823 (2000)
Distribution: Marquesas Isl. (Eiao, Fatu Hiva, Hiva Oa, Mohotani, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou)
61 MRQ
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce sachetiana J.Florence; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 18: 247 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia sahendi Bornm.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60: 171 (1910)
Distribution: Iran (Iranian Aserbaijan)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus sahendii (Bornm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia sahyadrica Sardesai & Malpure; Phytotaxa 500(4): 286 (2021)
Distribution: India (Maharashtra)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia salicifolia Host; Syn. Pl. [Host] 267 (1797)
Name: Weidenblättrige Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; NC-Greece; European Russia; Ukraine
11 AUT CZE ger HUN SLO 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB 14 RUS UKR
Remarks: esula agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia incana Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: 127 (1852)
= Euphorbia pallida Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 923 (1799)
= Euphorbia salicifolia f. pseudosalicifolia (Schur) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992)
= Euphorbia salicifolia var. esuliformis Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3(8): 123 (1852)
= Euphorbia salicifolia var. hirsuta Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3(8): 123 (1852), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia salicifolia var. incana (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 652 (1881)
= Euphorbia salicifolia var. legitima Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 597 (1866)
= Euphorbia salicifolia var. pseudosalicifolia Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 597 (1866)
= Euphorbia undulata Schweigg.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Regiom. 34 (1812), nom. illeg.
= Galarhoeus salicifolius (Host) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 148 (1812)
= Keraselma pallidum (Willd.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus salicifolius (Host) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 89 (1860)
= Tithymalus salicifolius var. angustifolius Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 604 (1864)
= Tithymalus salicifolius var. pubescens Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 216 (1879)
species :
Euphorbia salota Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 60 (1947)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia salsicola S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 681 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia salsuginosa (McVaugh) Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts; Kew Bull. 51(3): 542 (1996)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan, Guanajuato)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce salsuginosa McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 20: 196 (1995)
species :
Euphorbia samburuensis P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3860 (1982)
Distribution: N-Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia sanctae-catharinae Fayed; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 18: 321, f. l(1983)
Distribution: Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai)
34 SIN
species :
Euphorbia sanmartensis Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 50 (1920)
Distribution: Colombia (Magdalena)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce sanmartensis (Rusby) Dugand; Caldasia 10: 193 (1968)
species :
Euphorbia santamariae (H.Schaef.) H.Schaef.; Fl. Azores 56 (2021)
Distribution: Azores (Santa Maria)
21 AZO
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia stygiana subsp. santamariae H.Schaef.; Diss. Bot. 374: 89 (2003)
species :
Euphorbia santapaui A.N.Henry; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 329 (1965)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia sapinii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 290 (1908)
Distribution: Cameroon; Central African Republic; C-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad
23 CAF CMN ZAI 24 CHA
species :
Euphorbia saratoi Ardoino; Fl. Alpes Marit. 335 (1867)
Name: Sarato-Wolfsmilch, Streifenblättrige Wolfsmilch, Buschige Wolfsmilch (DE), Twiggy Spurge (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Ukraine; Siberia (Altai, Chita, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; ?Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Kunar / Nuristan, Wardak, Parwan); Pakistan (Waziristan, Kurram, Chitral, Gilgit); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
10 grb ire 11 ger HUN POL SLO 12 cis fra 13 BUL GRC KOS ROM SRB 14 UKR 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM GEO 34 AFG IRN IRQ TUR 40 IND PAK
Remarks: esula agg. Occurs in Europe as neophyte, origin unknown. Species delimitation and correct name is highly disputed.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia boissieriana (Woronow) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 445 (1949)
= Euphorbia cyparissias var. platyphylla Dierb.; Mag. Pharm. 10: 16 (1827)
= Euphorbia esula nothosubsp. pseudovirgata (Schur) Govaerts; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Euphorbiaceae 723 (2000)
= Euphorbia esula f. linariifolia G.Froel.; Schriften Königl. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsberg 28: 48 (1888)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. orientalis (Boiss.) Molero & Rovira; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 163 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. pseudovirgata (Schur) Govaerts; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Euphorbiaceae 723 (2000)
= Euphorbia esula subsp. saratoi (Ardoino) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 274 (1936)
= Euphorbia esula var. orientalis (Boiss.) Kuzmanov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 162 (1979)
= Euphorbia esula var. pseudotenuifolia Sennen; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 21: 127 (1911)
= Euphorbia esula var. saratoi (Ardoino) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 288 (1901)
= Euphorbia hypoleuca (Prokh.) Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 212 (1948)
= Euphorbia linariifolia (G.Froel.) G.Froel.; Schriften Königl. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Königsberg 40: 73 (1899), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia orientalis (Boiss.) Velen.; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 12: 159 (1963), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia podperae Croizat; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 37: 801 (1947)
= Euphorbia pseudovirgata (Schur) Soó; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel Zürich 6: 252 (1930)
= Euphorbia virgata nothovar. pseudovirgata Schur; (1866)
= Euphorbia virgata subsp. boissieriana (Woronow) Prokh.
= Euphorbia virgata subsp. orientalis (Boiss.) Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 507 (1891)
= Euphorbia virgata var. latifolia Schur ex Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 29 (1922), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia virgata var. lutescens Rehmann & Wol.; Exsicc. (Fl. Polon.) 1894: no. 255 (1894)
= Euphorbia virgata var. orientalis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 160 (1862)
= Euphorbia virgata var. pseudovirgata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 598 (1866)
= Euphorbia virgultosa Klokov; Fl. URSR 7: 631 (1955)
= Euphorbia virgultosa var. pseudouralensis Klokov; Fl. URSR 7: 164 (1955), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia waldsteinii subsp. orientalis (Boiss.) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their Geogr. Distrib. 5 (1990)
= Euphorbia waldsteinii subsp. saratoi (Ardoino) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 189 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia ×intercedens Podp.; Spisy Prír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 12: 29 (1922), et ex Domin & Podpera, Klic K Uplne Kvetene Rep. Ceskoslov. 778 (1928), nom. inval.
= Tithymalus boissierianus Woron.; Sched. Herb. Fl. Cauc. no. 479 (1931)
= Tithymalus graminifolius subsp. orientalis (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 200 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus hypoleucus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 199 (1933)
= Tithymalus tommasinianus subsp. virgultosus (Klokov) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 79 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus tommiminianus subsp. virgultosus (Klokov) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(2): 79 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus virgultosus (Klokov) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 175 (1973)
= Tithymalus ×intercedens Chrtek & Krísa; Fl. Slovenska 3: 460 (1982)
= Tithymalus ×pseudovirgatus (Schur) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia sarawschanica Regel; Izv. Imp. Obshch. Lyubit. Estestv. Moskovsk. Univ. 34(2): 78 (1882)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus zeravschanicus (Regel) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 68 (1933), sphalm.
species :
Euphorbia sarcoceras O.L.M.Silva & Cordeiro; Syst. Bot. 40(4): 962 (2015)
Distribution: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia sarcodes Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 29 (1860)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia sarcostemmoides J.H.Willis; Muelleria 3(2): 93 (1975)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia sareciana M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 45(2): 268 (1990)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia sareptana A.K.Becker; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 13 (1858)
Distribution: SW-European Russia; Crimea; Northern Caucasus
14 KRY RUS 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia chimaera Lipsky; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 4: 444 (1899)
= Euphorbia chimaera var. kimmerica Lipsky; Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 4: 444 (1899)
= Euphorbia kimmerica (Lipsky) Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza [Grossheim] 3: 39 (1932)
= Euphorbia tanaitica Pacz.; Mat. fl. stepp. prov. Don 78 (1891)
= Galarhoeus sareptanus (Becker) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 46 (1941)
= Tithymalus chimaerus (Lipsky) Galushko; Fl. Severn. Kavkaza Vopr. Ist. 3: 56 (1979)
= Tithymalus tanaiticus (Pacz.) Galushko; Fl. Severn. Kavkaza Vopr. Ist. 3: 56 (1979)
species :
Euphorbia sarmentosa Welw. ex Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 121 (1894)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia saudiarabica Fayed & Al-Zahrani; Edinburgh J. Bot. 64(2): 121 (2007)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia
35 SAU
species :
Euphorbia saurica Baikov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(3): 108 (1999)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
species :
Euphorbia saxatilis Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 4: 23 (1776)
Name: Fels-Wolfsmilch
Distribution: E-Austria; Slovenia; ?Croatia
11 AUT 13 SLV
Remarks: saxatilis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus saxatilis (Jacq.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 92 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia saxicola Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 25(3): 552 (1971). 25(3): 552 (1971)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus saxicola (Radcl.-Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia saxorum P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 29(3): 510 (1974)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia scabrifolia Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2): 247 (1873)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Euphorbia scandens Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 58 (1817)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectoroctonum scandens (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 248 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia scarlatina S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 392 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia scatorhiza S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 684 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia schaijesii (Malaisse) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium schaijesii Malaisse; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 56(3-4): 487 (1986)
species :
Euphorbia scheffleri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 88 (1909)
Distribution: S-Ethiopia; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia monocephala Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 223 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia schickendantzii Hieron.; Bol. Acad. Ci. (Córdoba) 4: 17 (1881)
Distribution: Argentina (Catamarca, Chubut, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Santa Cruz, San Juan)
85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia evonymicarpa Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 2: 532 (1902)
= Tithymalus schickendantzii (Hieron.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
species :
Euphorbia schiedeana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Mayfield ex C.Nelson; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Honduras 382 (2008)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Honduras
79 MEX 80 HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Poinsettia schiedeana Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
= Euphorbia schiedeana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Mayfield; Syst. Treatment Euphorbia subgen. Poinsettia (Euphorbiac.), Ph. Diss. Univ. Texas Austin 63 (1997), not validly published
species :
Euphorbia schimperi C.Presl; Bot. Bemerk. [C.Presl] 109 (1844)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Samha Isl.; Soqotra; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, W-Yemen)
24 ERI ETH SOC 35 OMA SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia oblanceolata Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 93 (1883)
= Euphorbia officinarum Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 96 (1862), pro syn.
= Tirucalia schimperi (C.Presl) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia schimperiana Hochst. ex Scheele; Linnaea 17: 344 (1843)
Distribution: Ghana; ?Togo; ?Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Rodrigues [I]; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen)
22 GHA NGA 23 BIO BUR CMN RWA ZAI 24 DJI ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 29 rod 35 OMA SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectoroctonum dilatatum Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 248 (1859)
= Euphorbia ampla Hook.f.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 20 (1861)
= Euphorbia ampla var. tenuior Hook.f.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 215 (1864)
= Euphorbia dilatata Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 240 (1850)
= Euphorbia hochstetteriana Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 123 (1894) in obs., nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia kilimandscharica Pax ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 2: 287 (1892)
= Euphorbia lehmbachii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 27 (1899)
= Euphorbia longicornuta Pax ex Engl.; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1891(2): 286 (1892), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia monticola Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 242 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia preussii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 123 (1894)
= Euphorbia schimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 242 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia schimperiana var. trilobata Chiov.; Atti Reale Accad. Italia, Mem. Cl. Sci. Fis. 11 [Pl. Nov. Aethiop.]: 56 (1940)
= Euphorbia stuhlmannii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 535 (1897)
= Euphorbia tirucalli Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. cxii non L.
= Euphorbia variegata Deflers; Voyage Yemen 198 (1889), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus dilatatus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 89 (1860)
= Tithymalus hochstetterianus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 97 (1860)
= Tithymalus schimperianus (Scheele) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 96 (1860)
variant :
var. pubescens (N.E.Br.) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 813 (1985)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Mozambique
22 NGA 23 CMN 24 SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia longicornuta var. pubescens N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 535 (1911)
= Euphorbia longipetiolata Pax & K.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 241 (1910)
= Euphorbia schimperiana var. longipetiolata (Pax & K.Hoffm.) S.Carter
variant :
var. velutina N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 534 (1911)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe
25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia buchananii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 27 (1899)
= Euphorbia schimperiana var. buchananii (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 534 (1911)
= Euphorbia velutina Pax; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 242 (1895), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia schinzii Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 739 (1898)
subspecies :
subsp. schinzii
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia complexa R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 17: t. 643 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. bechuanica (L.C.Leach) Bruyns; Phytotaxa 436(3): 214 (2020)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; W-Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo)
26 MOZ ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia malevola subsp. bechuanica L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 30: 6 (1964)
= Euphorbia limpopoana L.C.Leach ex S.Carter; Kew Bull. 54(4): 960 (1999 publ. 2000)
subspecies :
subsp. schinzioides Bruyns; Phytotaxa 436(3): 215 (2020)
Distribution: SE-Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng)
27 BOT SAF
species :
Euphorbia schizacantha Pax; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 6: 187 (1897)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; N-Kenya
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia chamaecormos Chiov.; Fl. Somala 303 (1929)
species :
Euphorbia schizolepis F.Muell. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 20 (1862)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia schizoloba Engelm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 173 (1862)
Name: Mojave spurge
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Nevada)
73 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia incisa Engelm.; Rep. Colorado R. [Ives], 4(Bot.): 27 (1861)
= Tithymalus incisus (Engelm.) W.A.Weber; Phytologia 67(6): 428 (1989)
= Tithymalus schizolobus Norton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 25: 343 (1925)
species :
Euphorbia schlechtendalii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 18 (1860)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema adinophylla (Donn.Sm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Aklema friderichsthalii (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Aklema mayana (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Aklema nelsonii (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Aklema ovata (Schltdl.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 416 (1916)
= Alectoroctonum ovatum Schltdl.; Linnaea 19: 252 (1847)
= Euphorbia adinophylla Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 47: 261 (1909)
= Euphorbia friderichsthalii Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 61 (1862)
= Euphorbia mayana Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1: 304 (1896)
= Euphorbia nelsonii Millsp.; Bot. Gaz. 26: 268 (1898)
variant :
var. pacifica McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 233 (1993)
Distribution: SW-Mexico (Jalisco, Michoacan)
79 MEX
variant :
var. websteri McVaugh; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 236 (1993)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco, Colima, Sinaloa)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia schlechteri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 26 (1899)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce schlechteri (Pax) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia schmitzii L.C.Leach; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 46 (1-2): 248 (1976)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Euphorbia schoenlandii Pax; Jahresber. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 82: Abt. 2, 24 (1904 publ. 1905)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia schottiana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 4: 85 30 (1859)
Distribution: Turkey (Inner Anatolia); Iran (W-Iran)
34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia densa Schott & Kotschy ex Tchich.; Asie Min., Bot. [P.A.Tchichatscheff] 1: 167 (1860), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus schottii (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 70 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia schubei Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 373 (1904)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium schubei (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 453 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia schugnanica B.Fedtsch.; Consp. Fl. Turkestanicae [O.A.Fedchenko & B.A.Fedchenko] 6: 307 (1916)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan, Parwan, Takhar); China (Xinjiang)
32 TZK 34 AFG 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus schugnanicus (B.Fedtsch.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 35, 64 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia schultzii Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 47 (1873)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce schultzii (Benth.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
= Euphorbia australis var. glaucescens Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 36 (1862)
variant :
var. comans (W.Fitzg.) Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 558 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia comans W.Fitzg.; J. Roy. Soc. Western Australia 3: 161 (1918)
species :
Euphorbia schumannii Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 8: 87 (1980), nom. nov.
Distribution: Sulawesi; Lesser Sunda Isl.; East Timor; New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 LSI NWG SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia velutina K.Schum.; Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land [Schumann & Hollrung] 74 (1889), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia schweinfurthii Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 410 (1884)
Distribution: Abd-al-Kuri Isl.; Samha Isl.; Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia sciadophila Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 57 (1862)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, La Paz, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Ceara, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Paraguari); Uruguay (Artigas); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, Corrientes, Jujuy, La Rioja, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, San Luis, Tucuman)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia sciadophila f. orbicularis Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 680 (1905)
= Leptopus brasiliensis Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 249 (1859), nomen
species :
Euphorbia scitula L.C.Leach; Dinteria 12: 17 (1976)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia sclerocyathium Korovin & Popov; Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 15: Suppl. 41 (1927)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan
32 KAZ TKM
Synonyms: hidden
= Sclerocyathium popovii Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 14, in clavi, et 30 (1933)
= Tithymalus sclerocyathium (Korovin & Popov) Prokh.
species :
Euphorbia sclerophylla Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 37 (1860)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Esula
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia aculeata E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), nomen
= Euphorbia albanica N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 258 (1915)
= Euphorbia muraltioides N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 264 (1915)
= Euphorbia myrtifolia E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843)
= Euphorbia ovata (Klotzsch & Garcke) E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 167 (1862)
= Euphorbia ruscifolia (Boiss.) N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 259 (1915)
= Euphorbia sclerophylla var. myrtifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 169 (1862)
= Euphorbia sclerophylla var. puberula N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 260 (1915)
= Euphorbia sclerophylla var. ruscifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 169 (1862)
= Euphorbia striata var. brachyphylla Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 170 (1862)
= Tithymalus multicaulis Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 98 (1860)
= Tithymalus ovatus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 97 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia scopulorum Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 184 (1911)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce scopulorum (Brandegee) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Chamaesyce scopulorum var. inornata (M.C.Johnst.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40: 392 (1978)
= Chamaesyce scopulorum var. nuda (M.C.Johnst.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40: 392 (1978)
= Euphorbia scopulorum var. inornata M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5: 142 (1975)
= Euphorbia scopulorum var. nuda M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 142 (1975)
species :
Euphorbia scordiifolia Jacq.; Icon. Pl. Rar. [Jacquin] 3: 5 (1793)
Distribution: Algeria; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, SE-Egypt); Cape Verde Isl. (Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Maio, Fogo Isl.); Mauritania; Senegal; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; Gabon; Central African Republic; Chad (incl. Ennedi); Sudan; Ethiopia; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Midyan, Asir); Yemen (SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen)
20 ALG EGY 21 CVI 22 BEN BKN IVO MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF GAB 24 CHA ETH SUD 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum scordiifolium (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 35 (1860)
= Chamaesyce scordiifolia (Jacq.) Croizat; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 3 (1937), in obs. et in adnot.
= Chamaesyce scordiifolia (Jacq.) Fennane; Bocconea 8: 95 (1998), isonym
= Euphorbia thymifolia Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 94 (1775) (nom. illeg.) non L.
= Euphorbia tomentosa Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 13 (1806)
= Xamesike scordiifolia (Jacq.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia scripta Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 12: 159 (1892)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]
33 GEO NCS
species :
Euphorbia scutiformis V.W.Steinm. & P.E.Berry; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 64(2): 132 (2007), nom. nov.
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Cubanthus linearifolius (Griseb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 372 (1913)
= Pedilanthus linearifolius Griseb.; Pl. Wright. [Grisebach] 1: 161 (1860)
= Tithymaloides linearifolia (Griseb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
species :
Euphorbia scyphadena S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45(4): 657 (1990)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia sebastinei Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.; Rheedea 3(1): 26 (1993)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce sebastinei (Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.) V.S.Raju; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 28(1): 92 (2004)
species :
Euphorbia sebsebei M.G.Gilbert; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 74 (1992 publ. 1993)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia segetalis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 458 (1753)
Name: Saat-Wolfsmilch (DE); Grainfield spurge (EN); Tabaibilla (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Italy; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Slovenia; Croatia; Romania [I]; Greece (rare N- & NE-Greece); Morocco; Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Tenerife, La Palma); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (New Jersey [I], Pennsylvania [I])
11 ger hun swi 12 BAL COR FRA POR SPA 13 CRO GRC ITA PEL rom SLV 20 MOR 21 CNY MDR 50 aus 51 nzl 75 usa
Remarks: segetalis agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula segetalis (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 156 (1812)
= Euphorbia esula var. taurica Besser; Cat. Jard. Bot. Krzemieniec 56 (1811)
= Euphorbia longibracteata DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 359 (1815)
= Euphorbia pinea var. segetalis (L.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] 800 (1890)
= Euphorbia portlandica subsp. tetraceras (Lange) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 654 (1881)
= Euphorbia segetalis f. robusta Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.): no. 3570, nom. nud.
= Euphorbia segetalis var. longibracteata (DC.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 615 (1841)
= Euphorbia segetalis var. montserratensis Marcet; Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 45: 237 (1947)
= Euphorbia segetalis var. taurica (Besser) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 615 (1841)
= Euphorbia segetalis var. tetraceras (Lange) Merino; Fl. Galicia [Merino] 3: 535 (1909)
= Euphorbia segetalis var. truncata Willk.; Linnaea 40: 109 (1876)
= Euphorbia simplex K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 730 (1848)
= Euphorbia taurica (Besser) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 328 (1821)
= Euphorbia tetraceras Lange; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 2, 6: 127 (1865)
= Keraselma segetale (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus cinerascens Moench; Methodus [Moench] 668 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus leptophyllus Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 95 (1897)
= Tithymalus segetalis (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia segoviensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 58 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus chiapensis (Brandegee) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Eumecanthus segoviensis (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
= Euphorbia chiapensis Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 54 (1914)
= Euphorbia sloanei L.C.Wheeler; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 11: 44 (1939)
= Leptopus segoviensis Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 250 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia seguierana Neck.; Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 2: 493 (1770)
subspecies :
subsp. seguierana
Name: Steppen-Wolfsmilch
Distribution: Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Brandenburg [I], Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], +Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; France; Corsica; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); China (Xinjiang); Colombia [c]
11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN NET SLO SWI 12 COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SRB TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ TKM UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI 82 clm
Remarks: some records in Balkans and W-Asia might refer to subsp. niciciana
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula gerardiana (Jacq.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia cajogala Ehrh.; Hannover. Mag. 14tes Stück 215, Beitr. 2: 102 (1783)
= Euphorbia campestris S.Geuns; Pl. Belg. Spic. 31 (1788)
= Euphorbia firma Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 563 (1850)
= Euphorbia gerardi C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. [C.C.Gmelin] 2: 337 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia gerardiana proles loiseleuri Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 156 (1910)
= Euphorbia gerardiana Jacq.; Fl. Austriac. [Jacquin] 5: 17, t. 436 (1778)
= Euphorbia gerardiana subsp. saxicola (Velen.) Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 505 (1891)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. arenivaga Martrin-Donos; Fl. Tarn 624 (1864)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. dentata Chabert; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 18: 199 (1871)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. dolomitica Liou; Études Géogr. Bot. Causses 205 (1929)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. firma (Ledeb.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 167 (1862)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. homophylla (Lange ex Schrank) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 653 (1881)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. intermedia Savul.; Bull. Sect. Sci. Acad. Roumaine 8: 115 (1923)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. lanceolata Cariot; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 5, 2: 539 (1872)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. latifolia J.J.Schmitz & Regel; Fl. Bonn. 161 (1841)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. loiseleurii (Rouy) Douin; Fl. Ill. France 10: 10 (1929)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. minor Duby; Bot. Gall. 1: 415 (1828)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. multicaulis (Thuill.) Chabert; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 18: 200 (1871)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. saxicola Velen.; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 7, 1(8): 40 (1886)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. serotina Dierb.; Mag. Pharm. 10: 16 (1827)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. sturii Holuby; Verh. Vereins Natur- Heilk. Presburg 1: 18 (1856)
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. tenuifolia Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 84 (1855)
= Euphorbia homophylla Láng; Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 185 (1824)
= Euphorbia homophylla Láng ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 167 (1862)
= Euphorbia homophylla Láng ex Schrank; Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 185 (1824)
= Euphorbia linariifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 437 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia loiseleurii (Rouy) Prain; Index Kew., Suppl. 4: 88 (1913)
= Euphorbia seguierana subsp. loiseleurii (Rouy) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11(2): 279 (1981)
= Euphorbia seguierana var. arenivaga (Martrin-Donos) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992)
= Euphorbia seguierana var. dentata (Chabert) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992)
= Euphorbia seguierana var. firma (Ledeb.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992)
= Euphorbia seguierana var. intermedia (Savul.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992)
= Euphorbia seguierana var. lanceolata (Cariot) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992)
= Euphorbia seguierana var. latifolia (J.J.Schmitz & Regel) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992)
= Euphorbia seguierana var. sturii (Holuby) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992)
= Euphorbia seguieri (Scop.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 288 (1785)
= Euphorbia seguieriana f. major (Neilr.) Vollm.; Fl. Bayern [Vollmann] 506 (1914)
= Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. gerardiana (Jacq.) Rivas Goday & Borja; Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 19: 342 (1961)
= Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. loiseleurii (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 267 (1936)
= Euphorbia seguieriana subsp. major (Neilr.) Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 231 (1930)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. arenivaga (Martrin-Donos) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. dentata (Chabert) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. dolomitica (Liou) Jauzein; Biocosme Mésogéen 27: 118 (2010)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. dubyana Domin; Acta Bot. Bohem. 9: 231 (1930), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. firma (Ledeb.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. gerardiana (Jacq.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 286 (1901)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. intermedia (Savul.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. lanceolata (Cariot) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. latifolia (J.J.Schmitz & Regel) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. minor (Duby) Jauzein; Biocosme Mésogéen 27(4): 118 (2010), isonym
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. minor (Duby) Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 51: ? (1917)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. petrogena Tamamsch.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 1: 46 (1944)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. sturii (Holuby) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. virgata Fiori; Nuov. Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 183 (1926)
= Euphorbia sturii Holuby ex Velen.; Fl. Bulg. [Velenovsky] 505 (1891)
= Euphorbia syrmiensis Kit.; Linnaea 32: 563 (1864)
= Euphorbia ventosica Chaix ex Timb.-Lagr.; Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, Sér. 4, 6: 150 (1856)
= Euphrobia seguierana var. minor (Duby) Wilcz.; (1917)
= Galarhoeus seguierianus (Neck.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 41 (1941)
= Keraselma seguieri (Scop.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus caiogalus (Ehrh.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 667 (1794)
= Tithymalus campestris (S.Geuns) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 86 (1860)
= Tithymalus firmus (Ledeb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 73 (1860)
= Tithymalus gerardianus (Jacq.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 689 (1841)
= Tithymalus gerardianus var. major Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 215 (1879)
= Tithymalus gerardianus var. minor Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 215 (1879)
= Tithymalus gerardii Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
= Tithymalus rupestris Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 97 (1779)
= Tithymalus seguieri Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 335 (1771)
= Tithymalus seguierianus (Neck.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 50, in clavi, et 163 (1933)
= Tithymalus seguierianus subsp. loiseleuri (Rouy) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(1): 23 (1983)
= Tithymalus seguierianus subsp. minor (Duby) Chrtek & Krísa; Biologia (Bratislava) 26: 767 (1971)
= Tithymalus seguierianus subsp. saxicola (Velen.) Chrtek & Krísa; Biologia (Bratislava) 26: 769 (1971)
subspecies :
subsp. armeniaca Frajman; Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 134: 249 (2018)
Distribution: Armenia
33 ARM
subspecies :
subsp. hohenackeri (Boiss.) Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 212 (1948)
Distribution: Transcaucasus; E-Turkey; Iran
34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia gerardiana var. hohenackeri Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 167 (1862)
= Euphorbia hohenackeri Hochst. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 167 (1862) (pro syn.)
subspecies :
subsp. niciciana (Borbás ex Novák) Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 212 (1948)
Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread N-Greece, mountains of C-Greece, Mt. Parnonas, Samothraki, Limnos); Turkey; Iran; Afghanistan (Ghorat); Pakistan (Waziristan, Kurram)
13 ALB BUL GRC KOS NMA SRB TUE 34 AFG IRN TUR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia esuloides Velen. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 276 (1886), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia niciciana Borbás ex Novák; Természetrajzi Füz. 14: 53 (1893)
= Euphorbia reflexa Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 22 (1894 publ. 1895), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia rumelica Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 38: 186 (1900)
= Euphorbia seguieriana var. niciciana (Borbás ex Novák) Geltman; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 37: 138 (2005)
= Tithymalus nicicianus (Borbás ex Novák) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 176 (1972)
= Tithymalus seguierianus subsp. nicicianus (Borbás ex Novák) Chrtek & Krísa; Biologia (Bratislava) 26: 769 (1971)
species :
Euphorbia seibanica Lavranos & Gifri; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 136 (1999)
Distribution: S-Yemen
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia sekukuniensis R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 20: t. 775 (1940)
Name: Sekukuni Euphorbia
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia seleri Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 27: 441 (1899)
Distribution: Mexico (Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce seleri (Donn.Sm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia selloi (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 50 (1862)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Guaira); Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Paysandu, Rivera, Rio Negro, Salto, Soriano); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Santa Fe)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum selloi Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 32 (1860)
= Chamaesyce hassleriana (Chodat) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 198 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Chamaesyce selloi (Klotzsch & Garcke) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 184 (1943)
= Chamaesyce selloi var. brevisemina Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 184 (1943)
= Euphorbia hassleriana Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 399 (1901)
= Euphorbia hebegyne Pax & K.Hoffm. ex Emrich; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 4: 83 (1937)
species :
Euphorbia selousiana S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 369 (1987)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia semivillosa (Prokh.) Krylov; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 8: 1868 (1935 publ. 1934)
Distribution: C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Kazakhstan
14 RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ
Remarks: esula agg.; species delimitation and validity problematic
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia desertorum Weinm.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 73 (1837)
= Euphorbia illirica subsp. semivillosa (Prokh.) Govaerts; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Euphorbiaceae 75 (2000)
= Euphorbia villosa subsp. semivillosa (Prokh.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Galarhoeus semivillosus (Prokh.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 31 (1941)
= Tithymalus desertorum (Weinm.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 97 (1860)
= Tithymalus semivillosus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 41, in clavi, et 112 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia semperflorens L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 44: 185 (1970)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia sendaica Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 24: 146 (1910)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Galarhoeus sendaicus (Makino) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 388 (1935)
= Galarhoeus sendaicus var. musashiensis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 240 (1954)
= Tithymalus sendaicus (Makino) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 56 (1954)
species :
Euphorbia senguptae N.P.Balakr. & Subram.; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 2: 175 (1960)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce senguptae (N.P.Balakr. & Subram.) V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 37(5): 454 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia senilis Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 120 (1944)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala
79 MEX 80 GUA
species :
Euphorbia sennii Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 404 (1932)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia sepium N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 551 (1911)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Nigeria
22 GAM NGA SEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia balsamifera subsp. sepium (N.E.Br.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 26: 2574 (1939)
species :
Euphorbia septentrionalis P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 29(3): 514 (1974)
subspecies :
subsp. septentrionalis
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya
25 KEN UGA
subspecies :
subsp. gamugofana M.G.Gilbert; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 73 (1992)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia sepulta P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 48(3): 125 (1976)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia serendipita L.E.Newton; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 65(3): 111 (1993)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia seretii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 290 (1908)
subspecies :
subsp. seretii
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
subspecies :
subsp. variantissima L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 35: 15 (1969)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia serpens Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 52 (1817)
Name: Matted sandmat (EN); Sanguinaria, Chirriguela serpenteante (ES); Schlängelnde Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; S-France [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], Hierro [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Sao Vicente Isl. [I], Ilha da Boa Vista [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Guinea [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; São Tomé [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Namibia [I]; Botswana [I]; South Africa [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; St. Helena [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (incl. Rhodos [I]); Turkey [I] (S-Anatolia [I]); Bahrain [I]; United Arab Emirates [I]; Taiwan [I]; India [I] (throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Thailand [I]; Philippines [I]; Easter Isl. [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Maui [I]); Canada (Ontario, Saskatchewan); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Belize; Honduras; Costa Rica; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola); St. Martin/St. Maarten; Antigua; Barbuda; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Curacao; Colombia (Magdalena); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira); Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Potosí, Santa Cruz, Tarija); NE-Brazil; WC-Brazil; SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay, Pres. Hayes); Uruguay (Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Florida Prov., Montevideo, Paysandu, Rivera, Rio Negro, Salto, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, Tucuman); Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta, Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Metropolitana de Santiago, Maule, Ñuble, Biobío, Araucanía)
11 ger 12 fra gib por spa 13 grc kri 21 azo cny cvi 22 bkn gui 23 sao zai 26 zim 27 bot nam saf 28 asc sth 29 mau reu rod 34 eai tur 35 bar uae 38 tai 40 ban ind ldv 41 tha 42 phi 63 haw 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS HON 81 ABA BBD CUB CUR GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR PUE STL STM STV TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG CLE PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum emarginatum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 24 (1860)
= Anisophyllum serpens (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 23 (1860)
= Chamaesyce biramensis (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 11: 12 (1952)
= Chamaesyce emarginata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 185 (1943)
= Chamaesyce mangletii (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 11: 12 (1952)
= Chamaesyce microclada (Urb.) Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 11: 12 (1952)
= Chamaesyce pileoides (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Chamaesyce radicans Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 709: 1333 (1903)
= Chamaesyce serpens subsp. fissistipula (Thell.) Hügin; Feddes Repert. 109(3-4): 223 (1998)
= Chamaesyce serpens var. montevidensis Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 189 (1943)
= Euphorbia begoniifolia Lehm.; Index Sem. (Hamburg) 1823: 8 (1824)
= Euphorbia biramensis Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 232 (1930)
= Euphorbia emarginata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 32 (1862), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia flexicaulis Scheele; Linnaea 22: 153 (1849)
= Euphorbia herniarioides Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 171 (1835)
= Euphorbia inflexa Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 22A(8): 64 (1929)
= Euphorbia mangletii Urb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 28: 233 (1930)
= Euphorbia microclada Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 215 (1924)
= Euphorbia minutiflora N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1036 (1913)
= Euphorbia orbiculata var. jawaharii Rajagopal & Panigrahi; Taxon 17: 547 (1968)
= Euphorbia pileoides Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 62 (1900)
= Euphorbia radicans Moric. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 24 (1860)
= Euphorbia serpens f. flexicaulis (Scheele) Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 442 (1917)
= Euphorbia serpens f. psilocyathia Thell.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 7: 442 (1917)
= Euphorbia serpens subsp. fissistipula (Thell.) Verloove & Lambinon; New J. Bot. 1(1): 39 (2011)
= Euphorbia serpens var. fissistipula Thell.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7: 755 (1907)
= Euphorbia serpens var. flexicaulis (Scheele) J.M.Coult.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 2: 388 (1894)
= Euphorbia serpens var. imbricata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 30 (1862)
= Euphorbia serpens var. microphylla Müll.Arg.; J. Bot. 12: 231 (1874)
= Euphorbia serpens var. radicans Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 30 (1862)
variant :
var. microphylla Müll.Arg.; J. Bot. 12: 231 (1874)
Distribution: Brazil; S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Uruguay (Colonia, Montevideo, Paysandu); Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Luis, Tucuman)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
species :
Euphorbia serpentini Novák; Acta Bot. Bohem. 3: 35 (1924)
Distribution: W-Serbia
13 SRB
species :
Euphorbia serpillifolia Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 14 (1806)
Name: Thymeleaf sandmat (EN), Quendelblättrige Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Argentina (Catamarca, Cordoba, La Rioja, Mendoza, San Luis, Tucuman)
11 ger 28 asc 71 CDN 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 85 ARG
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum novomexicanum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 31 (1860)
= Chamaesyce aequata Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 204 (1910)
= Chamaesyce aequata var. claudicans Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 205 (1910)
= Chamaesyce aequata var. erecta (Lunell) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 471 (1916)
= Chamaesyce albicaulis (Rydb.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1906 33: 145
= Chamaesyce consanguinea Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce erecta Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 1: 206 (1910)
= Chamaesyce neomexicana (Greene) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 199 (1910)
= Chamaesyce occidentalis (Drew) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
= Chamaesyce rugulosa (Engelm. ex Millsp.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 145 (1906)
= Chamaesyce serpillifolia (Pers.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 712 (1903)
= Euphorbia albicaulis Rydb.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 266 (1900)
= Euphorbia consanguinea Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia neomexicana Greene; Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2(5): 56 (1886)
= Euphorbia notata Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia novomexicana (Klotzsch & Garcke) L.C.Wheeler; Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 35: 129 (1936)
= Euphorbia occidentalis Drew; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 152 (1889)
= Euphorbia rugulosa (Engelm. ex Millsp.) Greene; Man. Bot. San Francisco 81 (1894)
= Euphorbia serpillifolia var. consanguinea Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862)
= Euphorbia serpillifolia var. neomexicana (Greene) Millsp.; Pittonia 2: 84 (1890)
= Euphorbia serpillifolia var. occidentalis (Drew) Jeps.; Fl. W. Calif. [Jepson] 262 (1901)
= Euphorbia serpillifolia var. rugulosa Engelm. ex Millsp.; Pittonia 2: 85 (1890)
= Euphorbia subserrata Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 43 (1862), pro syn.
variant :
var. hirtula (Engelm. ex S.Watson) L.C.Wheeler; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53: 11 (1940)
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce hirtula (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
= Chamaesyce serpillifolia subsp. hirtula (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Koutnik; Madroño 32(3): 188 (1985)
= Euphorbia hirtula Engelm. ex S.Watson; Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 74 (1880)
= Euphorbia serpillifolia subsp. hirtula (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989)
species :
Euphorbia serrata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 459 (1753)
Name: Serrate spurge (EN); Gesägte Wolfsmilch (DE); Lechetrezna aserrada (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; S-Greece (Peloponnisos); Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Tenerife, Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote); South Africa [I]; USA [I] (California [I])
11 ger 12 ADO BAL FRA POR SAR SPA 13 GRC ITA PTL SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY 27 saf 76 usa
Remarks: sect. Chylogala
Synonyms: hidden
= Chylogala serrata (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia serrata f. phylloclada (Lange) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 84 (1974)
= Euphorbia serrata f. subacaulis (Rouy) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia serrata f. ternata (Cout.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia serrata var. foliosa Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1925: no. 5420 (1925)
= Euphorbia serrata var. longepedicellata Elías & Sennen Exsicc.(Pl.Esp.): no.4651, nom.inval.
= Euphorbia serrata var. phylloclada Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 501 (1877)
= Euphorbia serrata var. subacaulis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 177 (1910)
= Euphorbia serrata var. tenuifolia Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 17 (1806)
= Euphorbia serrata var. ternata Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 385 (1913)
= Euphorbia serrata var. truncata Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 17 (1806)
= Euphorbia truncata (Pers.) Loudon; Hort. Brit. [Loudon], ed. 2: 192 (1832)
= Galarhoeus serratus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 149 (1812)
= Tithymalus denticulatus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 668 (1794)
= Tithymalus serratus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia serratifolia S.Carter; Kew Bull. 35(2): 413 (1980)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce serratifolia (S.Carter) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 150(3-4): 138 (1981 publ. 1982)
species :
Euphorbia serrula Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 188 (1858)
Name: Sawtooth sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce serrula (Engelm.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 144 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia seshachalamensis K.Prasad & Prasanna; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 53(1-2): 73 (2016)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia sessei Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 48 (1989), nom. nov.
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia imbricata Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 123 (1894), nom. illeg.
species :
Euphorbia sessiliflora Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 471-472 (1832)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 NEP 41 LAO MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia kerrii Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 455 (1911)
= Tithymalus sessiliflorus (Roxb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 77 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia sessilifolia Klotzsch ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 64 (1862)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia setiloba Engelm. ex Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 5: 364 (1856)
Name: Yuma sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sinaloa, Sonora)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce setiloba (Engelm. ex Torr.) Norton; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 25: 345 (1925)
= Euphorbia floccosiuscula M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 15: 145 (1929)
species :
Euphorbia setispina S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 411 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia setosa (Boiss.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 672 (1873)
Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce setosa (Boiss.) M.P.Simmons & W.J.Hayden; Brittonia 49(2): 176 (1997)
= Euphorbia selloi var. setosa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 50 (1862)
= Euphorbia villosissima Klotzsch ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 51 (1862), pro syn.
species :
Euphorbia sewerzowii Herder ex Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 188 (1933)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan
32 KAZ KGZ UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus sewerzowii Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 54, in clavi, et 188 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia sharkoensis Baill.; Adansonia 6: 287 (1866)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia drummondii var. rubescens Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 49 (1873)
species :
Euphorbia sharmae U.C.Bhattach.; Bull. Bot. Soc. Bengal 21: 33 (1967)
Distribution: India (Uttarakhand, Sikkim)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia stracheyi subsp. sharmae (U.C.Bhattach.) D.Maity & N.P.Balakr.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 30(1): 188 (2006)
species :
Euphorbia shebeliensis (M.G.Gilbert) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium shebeliense M.G.Gilbert; Bradleya 8: 45 (1990)
species :
Euphorbia shehbaziana S.Y.Hama & S.A.Ahmad; Harvard Pap. Bot. 25(1): 73 (2020)
Distribution: Iraq
34 IRQ
species :
Euphorbia sieboldiana Morren & Decne.; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 3: 174 (1836)
Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Hainan, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Xinjiang, etc.); Tibet; North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Izu Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan
31 RFE 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NKO NNS TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bodinieri H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7: 761 (1906)
= Euphorbia erythraea Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 412 (1891)
= Euphorbia esquirolii H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 7: 762 (1906)
= Euphorbia glaucopoda Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 219 (1912)
= Euphorbia guilielmi A.Gray; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 6: (1858-9) 406
= Euphorbia henryi Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 413 (1891)
= Euphorbia hippocrepica Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 414 (1891)
= Euphorbia idzuensis Nakai ex Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 449 (1940), pro syn.
= Euphorbia kangdingensis var. puberula W.T.Wang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 45 (1988)
= Euphorbia kangdingensis W.T.Wang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 43 (1988)
= Euphorbia luticola Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(2): 233-234 (1931)
= Euphorbia savaryi Kiss; Bot. Közlem. 19: 91 (1921)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana f. idzuensis Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 449 (1940)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana f. peninsularis Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 449 (1940)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana f. sylvatica Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 449 (1940)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana f. yezoensis Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 449 (1940)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana var. grandifolia (Franch. & Sav. ex Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana var. idzuensis (Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana var. montana Tatew.; Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. Forests Coll. Agric. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. 7: 193 (1932)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana var. ohsumiensis (Hurus.) Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus 362 (1971)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana var. peninsularis (Hurus.) Kitag.; Neolin. Fl. Manshur. 430 (1979)
= Euphorbia sieboldiana var. sylvatica (Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992)
= Euphorbia szechuanica Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 433 (1922)
= Euphorbia taquetii H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 5: 281 (1908)
= Euphorbia tsukamotoi Honda; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 407 (1934)
= Galarhoeus hippocrepicus (Hemsl.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 240 (1954)
= Galarhoeus luticola (Hand.-Mazz.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 250 (1954)
= Galarhoeus sieboldianus (C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 388 (1935)
= Galarhoeus sieboldianus f. grandifolius Franch. & Sav. ex Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 243 (1954)
= Galarhoeus sieboldianus f. peninsularis (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 245 (1954)
= Galarhoeus sieboldianus var. idzuensis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 243 (1954)
= Galarhoeus sieboldianus var. miyajimensis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 246 (1954)
= Galarhoeus sieboldianus var. montanus (Tatew.) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 389 (1935)
= Galarhoeus sieboldianus var. ohsumiensis Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 246 (1954)
= Galarhoeus sieboldianus var. shikokianus Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 246 (1954)
= Tithymalus erythraeus (Hemsl.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
= Tithymalus henryi (Hemsl.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus hippocrepicus (Hemsl.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus sieboldianus (C.Morren & Decne.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 56 (1954)
= Tithymalus szechuanicus (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia sikkimensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 113 (1862)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (West Bengal, Sikkim); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia chrysocoma H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 762 (1906)
= Euphorbia chrysocoma var. glaucophylla H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 6: 762 (1906)
= Tithymalus sikkimensis (Boiss.) Hurus. & Yu.Tanaka; Fl. E. Himalaya 1: 184 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 454 (1830)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia elliptica Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 86 (1800) (non Lam.)
= Euphorbia elliptica var. undulata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 93 (1862)
= Euphorbia mira L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 52(1): 10 (1986)
= Tithymalus attenuatus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 69 (1860)
= Tithymalus bergii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 68 (1860)
= Tithymalus ellipticus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 69 (1860)
= Tithymalus longipetiolatus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 68 (1860)
= Tithymalus silenifolius Haw.; Saxifrag. Enum. 2: 61 (1821)
species :
Euphorbia similiramea S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 371 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Euphorbia simulans (L.C.Wheeler) Warnock & M.C.Johnst.; Southw. Naturalist 5: 170 (1960)
Name: Mimicking sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce polycarpa var. simulans (L.C.Wheeler) Shinners; Field & Lab. 17: 70 (1949)
= Chamaesyce simulans (L.C.Wheeler) Mayfield; Phytologia 75: 179 (1993)
= Euphorbia polycarpa var. simulans L.C.Wheeler; Rhodora 43: 192 (1941)
species :
Euphorbia sinaloensis Brandegee; Zoe 5: 298 (1905)
Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus sinaloensis (Brandegee) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia sinclairiana Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 163 (1846)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz); Guatemala; ?Honduras; Costa Rica; Colombia (Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Nariño); Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Acre)
79 MEX 80 COS GUA 82 CLM 83 ECU PER 84 BRA
Remarks: to be expected in Bolivia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia capansa Ducke; Arq. Inst. Pesq. Agron. 1: 21 (1938)
= Euphorbia elata Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 55 (1914)
= Euphorbia valerii Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 11 (1927)
= Euphorbiodendron sinclairianum (Benth.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 306 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia sintenisii Boiss. & Freyn; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 31: 194 (1881)
Distribution: Libya; Egypt; Cyprus (N-Cyprus, E-Cyprus)
20 EGY LBY 34 CYP
Remarks: oxyodonta agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus sintenisii (Boiss. ex Freyn) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia sipolisii N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1893: 158 (1893)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia skottsbergii Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 588 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (southwest Oahu, northwest Molokai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare, USA Status: Endangered
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce skottsbergii (Sherff) Croizat & O.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. audens (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce multiformis var. kapuleiensis (O.Deg. & Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. kapuleiensis O.Deg. & Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 591 (1936)
= Euphorbia skottsbergii var. audens Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 588 (1936)
= Euphorbia skottsbergii var. kalaeloana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 589 (1936)
variant :
var. vaccinioides Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 589 (1936)
Distribution: Hawaii (Molokai, south Maui, Kahoolawe)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Vulnerable
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce multiformis var. haleakalana (Sherff) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. vaccinioides (Sherff) Koutnik; Brittonia 37(4): 398 (1985)
= Euphorbia multiformis f. pekelonis O.Deg., I.Deg. & Sherff; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 22(12): 208 (1962)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. haleakalana Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 591 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia smirnovii Geltman; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81: 102 (1996 publ. 1997)
Distribution: Armenia; E-Turkey
33 ARM 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia armena Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1268 (1866), pro syn.
= Euphorbia armeniaca Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 1118 (1879) (nom. inval.)
= Euphorbia petrophila var. armena Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1268 (1866)
species :
Euphorbia smithii S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 821 (1985)
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
species :
Euphorbia sobolifera O.L.M.Silva & P.J.Braun; Eur. J. Taxon. 733: 78, figs. 2, 4 (2021)
Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia socotrana Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 93 (1884)
subspecies :
subsp. socotrana
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
subspecies :
subsp. purpurea N.Kilian & P.Hein; Englera 28: 69 (2006)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
species :
Euphorbia sogdiana Popov; Trudy Turkestansk. Nauchn. Obshch. 1: 38 (1923)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Kabul)
32 TZK UZB 34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia longicorniculata Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 17: 133 (1958)
= Euphorbia volkii Rech.f.; Anz. Österr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 100: 53 (1963)
= Tithymalus longicorniculatus (Kitam.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
= Tithymalus sogdianus (Popov) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 50, 156 (1933)
= Tithymalus volkii (Rech.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia sojakii (Chrtek & Krísa) Dubovik; Ukrayins´k Bot. Zhurn. 30(1): 80 (1973)
Distribution: Slovakia; Ukraine
11 SLO 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia austriaca subsp. sojakii Chrtek & Krísa; Preslia 42: 262 (1970)
= Tithymalus sojakii (Chrtek & Krísa) Chrtek & Krísa; Novit. Bot. Inst. Horto Bot. Univ. Carol. 1972: 9 (1972 publ. 1973)
= Tithymalus sojakii (Chrtek & Krísa) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8(2): 174 (1973), isonym
species :
Euphorbia somalensis Pax; Annuario Reale Ist. Bot. Roma 6: 187 (1897)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia songweana S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(4): 191 (2000)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia sonorae Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 356 (1895)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia soobyi McVaugh; Brittonia 13: 176 (1961)
Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia soongarica Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 32 (1860)
Distribution: EC-European Russia (Kujbysevskaja Obl.); Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Gansu, Xinjiang); Mongolia
14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON
Remarks: E. lamprocarpa is sometimes kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lamprocarpa (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 362 (1949)
= Euphorbia soongarica subsp. lamprocarpa (Prokh.) Prokh.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1964: 230 (1964)
= Galarhoeus lamprocarpus (Prokh.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 27 (1941)
= Galarhoeus soongaricus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 21 (1941)
= Tithymalus lamprocarpus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 105 (1933)
= Tithymalus soongaricus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 41, in clavi, et 103 (1933)
= Tithymalus soongaricus subsp. lamprocarpus (Prokh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia sororia Schrenk; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 3: 308 (1845)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran); China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 IRN 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus sororius (Schrenk) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 65 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia spannringii Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 23 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antananarivo)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia sparrmanni Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 5 (1860)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Vanuatu; Tonga (´Eua, Vava´u, Tafahi); Niue; Fiji; Cook Isl. (Pukapuka); Austral Isl. (Marotiri); Pitcairn Isl.; Henderson Isl.; Northern Marianas (Tinian); Guam
38 NNS 60 FIJ NUE TON VAN 61 AUI COO HEN PIT 62 GUM MRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce sparrmanni (Boiss.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 277 (1954)
= Euphorbia pitcairnensis F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 134 (1935)
= Euphorbia ramosissima Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 69 (1832) (non Loisel.)
= Euphorbia tinianensis Hosok.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 25: 29 (1935)
species :
Euphorbia sparsiflora A.Heller; Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 846 (1897)
Distribution: Hawaii (Kauai)
63 HAW
Conservation Status: 1999 Conservation Status: Rare
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce multiformis var. sparsiflora (A.Heller) O.Deg. & I.Deg.; Fl. Hawaiiensis [Degener] Fam. 190, Chamaesyce, leafl. 4 (1936)
= Chamaesyce sparsiflora (A.Heller) Koutnik; Brittonia 37(4): 399 (1985)
= Euphorbia multiformis var. sparsiflora (A.Heller) Sherff; Bot. Gaz. 97: 590 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia spartaria N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 558 (1911)
Distribution: Namibia; SE-Botswana; South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 BOT NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cibdela N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 275 (1915)
= Euphorbia pseudobrachiata Dinter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 53: 87 (1928), nomen
= Euphorbia racemosa E.Mey. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 75 (1862), nom. illeg., non Tausch ex Rchb. 1832
= Euphorbia rectirama N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 283 (1915)
= Euphorbia rhombifolia var. laxa N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 285 (1915)
= Euphorbia rhombifolia var. triceps N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 285 (1915)
= Euphorbia tenuicaulis Range; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 43: 264 (1938), nomen
= Tirucalia cibdela (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 89 (1996)
= Tirucalia rectirama (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
= Tirucalia spartaria (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 93 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia spartiformis Mobayen; Iran. J. Bot. 2(2): 160 (1984)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia spathulata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 428 (1788)
Name: Warty spurge
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz); Brazil [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]
72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 84 bra 85 arg uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arkansana Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 261 (1845)
= Euphorbia arkansana var. atrosemina Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 21 (1899)
= Euphorbia arkansana var. coloradensis Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 21 (1899)
= Euphorbia arkansana var. missouriensis Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 19 (1899)
= Euphorbia dictyosperma Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 2: 37 (1836)
= Euphorbia dictyosperma var. mexicana Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 191 (1859)
= Euphorbia dictyosperma var. multicaulis J.M.Coult.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 2: 393 (1894)
= Euphorbia mexicana (Engelm.) Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 21 (1899), et Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 105 (1900)
= Euphorbia missouriensis (Norton) Small; Man. Fl. N. States [Britton] 595 (1901)
= Euphorbia multicaulis Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 191 (1859), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia obtusata Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 606 (1814)
= Euphorbia pseudopeplus Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 7: 164 (1902)
= Euphorbia spathulata var. mexicana (Engelm.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Galarhoeus arkansanus (Engelm. & A.Gray) Small ex Rydb.; Fl. Plains N. Amer. 520 (1932)
= Galarhoeus missouriensis (Norton) Rydb.; Brittonia 1: 93 (1931)
= Galarhoeus obtusatus (Pursh) Small ex Rydb.; Fl. Plains N. Amer. 520 (1932)
= Keraselma spatulatum (Lam.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 93 (1840)
= Pythius obtusata (Pursh) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus arkansanus (Engelm. & A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 66 (1860)
= Tithymalus arkansanus var. coloradensis (Norton) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 145 (1906)
= Tithymalus dictyospermus (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 1: 56 (1904)
= Tithymalus mexicanus (Engelm.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 145 (1913)
= Tithymalus missouriensis (Norton) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 721 (1903)
= Tithymalus obtusatus (Pursh) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 69 (1860)
= Tithymalus pseudopeplus (Speg.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus spathulatus (Lam.) W.A.Weber; Phytologia 58(6): 384 (1985)
= Xamesike deltifolia Raf.; Autik. Bot. 98 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia speciosa L.C.Leach; Excelsa 15: 19 (1991 publ. 1992)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia specksii Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(5): 247 (2000)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia spectabilis (S.Carter) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium spectabile S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(4): 911 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia spellenbergiana Mayfield & V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 90: 44 (2010)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Aguascalientes, Durango, Guanajuato, Michoacan, Queretaro, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia sphaerorhiza Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 8 (1839)
Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tlaxcala, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ixtlana Huft; J. Arnold Arbor. 63(1): 97 (1982)
= Tithymalopsis sphaerorhiza (Benth.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 44 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia spinea N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 272 (1915)
Distribution: SE-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia spinea (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 93 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia spinidens (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 407 (1949)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Faryab)
32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus spinidens Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 56, in clavi, et 208 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia spinosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 457 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. spinosa
Name: Dornige Wolfsmilch
Distribution: France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; N-Albania; Libya
12 COR FRA SAR 13 ALB BIH CRO ITA MNT SIC 20 LBY
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia haworthii Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 357 (1826), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia linariifolia Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 893 (1799), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia linarioides Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 611 (1812)
= Euphorbia petaloides G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon], ed. 2: 192 (1832)
= Euphorbia pungens Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 431 (1788)
= Euphorbia rigens Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 455 (1830)
= Euphorbia rigidula Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 614 (1841)
= Euphorbia spinosa var. brachyadenia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 132 (1862)
= Euphorbia spinosa var. inermis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 132 (1862)
= Galarhoeus linifolius (Jacq.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 150 (1812)
= Galarhoeus rigidus Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 150 (1812)
= Galarhoeus spinosus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 149 (1812)
= Keraselma pungens (Lam.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 93 (1840)
= Tithymalus diffusus Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 101 (1779)
= Tithymalus spinosus (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
subspecies :
subsp. glabriflora (Vis.) Frajman; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 194: 371 (2020)
Distribution: Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains of NW- and C-Greece); Turkey (SW-Anatolia)
13 ALB GRC KOS MNT NMA SRB 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia austroanatolica Hub.-Mor. & Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 25: 99, t. 6 (1964)
= Euphorbia fragifera var. inermis Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 648 (1881)
= Euphorbia glabriflora subsp. pindicola (Hausskn.) Micevski; Prilozi Makedon. Akad. Nauk. Umetn. Oddel. Biol. Med. Nauki 1980: 66 (1980)
= Euphorbia glabriflora Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 12: 477 (1864)
= Euphorbia inermis Pancic ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1266 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia pindicola Hausskn.; Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, N. F. 11: 63 (1897)
= Euphorbia pubescens var. glabriflora (Vis.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 649 (1881)
= Tithymalus austroanatolicus (Hub.-Mor. & Khan)Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
= Tithymalus glabriflorus (Vis.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 172 (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. ligustica (Fiori) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107(5): 220 (1973)
Distribution: Italy
13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia spinosa f. ligustica Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 277 (1901)
species :
Euphorbia spinulosa (S.Carter) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
Distribution: Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MLW MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium spinulosum S.Carter; Kew Bull. 55(2): 440 (2000)
species :
Euphorbia spiralis Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 410 (1884)
Distribution: Soqotra
24 SOC
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia septemsulcata Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 61 (1904)
species :
Euphorbia spissa Thulin; Nordic J. Bot. 24(4): 377 (2007)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia spissiflora S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45(2): 331 (1990)
Distribution: Zambia; Zimbabwe; Botswana
26 ZAM ZIM 27 BOT
species :
Euphorbia splendens Bojer ex Hook.; Bot. Mag. 56: t. 2902 (1829)
Distribution: Mozambique [I]; Madagascar (Antananarivo); Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Aitutaki [I], etc.); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Makatea Isl. [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Marshall Isl. [I] (Jaluit [I])
26 moz 29 MDG 60 fij nue 61 coo tua 62 gum mrn mrs
Remarks: milii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia melanacantha Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 45 (1903)
= Euphorbia milii f. platyacantha (Drake) Leandri; Cactus (Paris) 34: 112 (1952)
= Euphorbia milii var. splendens (Bojer ex Hook.) Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 148 (1954 publ. 1955)
= Euphorbia platyacantha Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 9: 45 (1903)
= Euphorbia splendens var. betsileana Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 159 (1946), no Latin descr.
= Lacanthis splendens (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 2: 94 (1836)
= Sterigmanthe splendens (Bojer ex Hook.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 252 (1859)
= Tithymalus splendens (Bojer ex Hook.) M.Gómez; Fl. Habanera 153 (1897)
variant :
var. andranovelonana J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Euphorbia World 16(3): 14 (2020)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia spruceana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 53 (1862)
Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Ecuador; Peru
82 VEN 83 ECU PER
species :
Euphorbia spurca (M.C.Johnst.) A.M.Powell; Sida, Bot. Misc. 49: XIII, 495 (2018)
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce spurca (M.C.Johnst.) B.L.Turner; Sida, Bot. Misc. 24: 7 (2003)
= Chamaesyce theriaca var. spurca (M.C.Johnst.) Mayfield; Phytologia 75(2): 180 (1993)
= Euphorbia theriaca var. spurca M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 138 (1975)
species :
Euphorbia squamigera Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur] 729 (1807)
Distribution: Portugal; S- & E-Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
12 BAL GIB POR SPA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bivonae subsp. rupicola (Boiss.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 796 (1890)
= Euphorbia bivonae var. mauritii Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 242 «1936» (1951)
= Euphorbia bivonae var. tangerina Pau; Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12: 384 (1924)
= Euphorbia cartaginiensis Porta & Rigo; Atti Imp. Regia Accad. Rovereto, Ser. 2, 9: 66 (1891 publ. 1892)
= Euphorbia clementei var. puberula (Emb.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 258 (1936)
= Euphorbia diffusa Dufour; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 7: 445 (1860 publ. 1861), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia dumetorum Coss. & Durieu ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 131 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia rubricaulis Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 1856: 37 (1856)
= Euphorbia rupicola Boiss.; Elench. Pl. Nov. 81 (1838)
= Euphorbia squamigera var. carthaginiensis (Porta & Rigo ex Willk.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 38(1): 85 (1974)
= Euphorbia squamigera var. major Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 131 (1862)
= Euphorbia squamigera var. mentagensis Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 380 (1937)
= Euphorbia squamigera var. montgoi O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 85 (1974)
= Euphorbia squamigera var. pseudatlantica Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 380 (1937)
= Euphorbia squamigera var. rupicola (Boiss.) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 215 (1932)
= Euphorbia welwitschii var. puberula Emb.; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 15: 208 (1936)
= Tithymalus cartaginiensis (Porta & Rigo) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 171 (1972)
= Tithymalus rupicola (Boiss.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 78 (1860)
= Tithymalus squamigerus (Loisel.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
= Tithymalus squamigerus subsp. rupicola (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia squamosa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 918 (1799)
Distribution: SE-European Russia (Rostovskaja Obl.); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran)
14 RUS 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia abchazica Woronow; Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 22: 3 (1912)
= Euphorbia aspera M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 377 (1808)
= Euphorbia aspera var. oligadenia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 124 (1862)
= Euphorbia aspera var. serrata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 124 (1862)
= Euphorbia muricata M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 378 (1808)
= Euphorbia muricata var. wilhelmsiana K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 725 (1849)
= Euphorbia squamosa var. serrata (Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia squamosa var. talyschensis (Boiss. & Buhse) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992)
= Euphorbia squamosa var. wilhelmsiana (K.Koch) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992)
= Euphorbia talyschensis Boiss. & Buhse; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 196 (1860)
= Keraselma squamosum (Willd.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Tithymalus asper (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 78 (1860)
= Tithymalus squamosus (Willd.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 78 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia standleyi (Millsp.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 49 (1989)
Distribution: Mexico (Nayarit, Sinaloa)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce standleyi Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 404 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia stapelioides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 26 (1860)
Distribution: W-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia lumbricalis L.C.Leach; S. African J. Bot. 52(4): 369 (1986)
= Euphorbia stapelioides Boiss. ex A.C.White.R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 191 (1941) (descr. ampl.)
= Tirucalia stapelioides (Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 93 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia stapfii A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 59 (1907 publ. 1906)
Distribution: Uganda
25 UGA
species :
Euphorbia steelpoortensis Bruyns; Phytotaxa 436(3): 216 (2020)
Name: Sekukuni Euphorbia
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, N-Mpulamanga)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia stellata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 886 (1799)
subspecies :
subsp. stellata
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mamillosa Lem.; Ill. Hort. 2(Misc.): 69 (1855)
= Euphorbia procumbens Meerb.; Pl. Rar. Depict. 55 (1789), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia radiata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 86 (1800)
= Euphorbia scolopendrea Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 126 (1812)
= Euphorbia squarrosa Haw.; Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 1: 276 (1826 publ. 1827)
= Euphorbia uncinata DC.; Pl. Hist. Succ. 27: t. 151 (1805)
subspecies :
subsp. micracantha (Boiss.) Bruyns; Euphorbia S. Africa 2: 816 (2022)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia micracantha Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 25 (1860)
= Euphorbia gilbertii A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 39 (1906)
= Euphorbia lombardensis Nel; Kakteenkunde 1933: 194 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia stellispina Haw.; Philos. Mag. J. 68: 275 (1826)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., Free State)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia astrispina N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 355 (1915)
= Euphorbia stellispina var. astrispina (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 716 (1941)
species :
Euphorbia stenoclada Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris, n. s. 1: 672 (1887), et Hist. pl. Madag., Atlas., t. 152
subspecies :
subsp. stenoclada
Distribution: C-Madagascar; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] (Île Europa, Juan de Nova Isl.)
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia stenoclada (Baill.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 93 (1996)
= Euphorbia cirsioides Costant. & Gall.; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 348 (1905)
= Euphorbia insulae-europae Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 224 (1909)
subspecies :
subsp. ambatofinandranae (Leandri) Cremers; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 17(3): 356 (1978)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ambatofinandranae Leandri; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 6: 344 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia stenophylla Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 104 (1862)
Distribution: SE-Brazil; S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Rivera, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Chaco, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Misiones, Santa Fe)
84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus stenophyllus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 66 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia stepposa Zoz ex Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 738 (1949)
Distribution: ?Moldova; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus
14 UKR 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bessarabica Klokov; Fl. URSR 7: 629 (1955) non Prodan (1930)
= Euphorbia glareosa subsp. stepposa (Zoz ex Prokh.) Kuzmanov; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 12: 126 (1963)
= Euphorbia klokoviana Railyan; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 58(7): 1019 (1973), nom. nov.
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. stepposa (Zoz ex Prokh.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 278 (1981)
= Tithymalus klokovianus (Railyan) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9(3): 273 (1974)
= Tithymalus nicaeensis subsp. stepposus (Zoz ex Prokh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 152: 23 (1983)
species :
Euphorbia stevenii F.M.Bailey; Queensland Agric. J. 25: 288 (1910)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia murrayana J.M.Black; Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 56: 42 (1932)
species :
Euphorbia stictospora Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 187 (1858)
Name: Slimseed sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Veracruz, Zacatecas)
73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum senile Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 28 (1860)
= Chamaesyce interaxillaris (Fernald) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 409 (1916)
= Chamaesyce stictospora (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 714 (1903)
= Chamaesyce stictospora var. guadalupensis Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 714 (1903)
= Chamaesyce stictospora var. sublaevis (Johnst.)V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao; Phytologia 40(5): 392 (1978)
= Chamaesyce stictospora var. texensis Fedde; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 32(1): 368 (1905)
= Euphorbia interaxillaris Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 36: 495 (1901)
= Euphorbia stictospora var. sublaevis M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5(5): 142 (1975)
= Euphorbia stictospora var. texensis Millsp.; Bot. Gaz. 26: 265 (1898)
species :
Euphorbia stoddartii Fosberg; Kew Bull. 33(2): 182 (1978)
Distribution: Îles Glorieuses; Aldabra
29 ALD
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce stoddartii (Fosberg) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 150(3-4): 138 (1981 publ. 1982)
species :
Euphorbia stolonifera Marloth ex A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane; Succ. Euphorb. 1: 121 2: App. A, 961 (1941)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Aphyllis, subsect. Africanae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia stolonifera Marloth ex Compton; Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 19: 298 (1931), nomen
= Tirucalia stolonifera (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 93 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia stracheyi Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 114 (1862)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bupleuroides Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 218 (1912), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia himalayensis (Klotzsch) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 113 (1862)
= Euphorbia mairei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12(325-330): 286 (1913)
= Euphorbia mairei var. luteociliata W.T.Wang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 40 (1988)
= Euphorbia megistopoda Diels; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5(25): 218 (1912)
= Euphorbia riae Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 433 (1922)
= Euphorbia shetoensis Pax & K.Hoffm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 12: 443 (1922)
= Euphorbia stracheyi var. radiata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5: 260 (1887)
= Tithymalus himalayensis Klotzsch; Bot. Ergebn. Reise Waldemar [Klotzsch & Garcke] 115, t. 20 (1862)
= Tithymalus riae (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
= Tithymalus shetoensis (Pax & Hoffm) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
= Tithymalus stracheyi (Boiss.) Hurus. & Yu.Tanaka; Fl. E. Himalaya 184 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia strangulata N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1041 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. strangulata
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
subspecies :
subsp. deminuens L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 43: 171 (-172; fig.) (1969)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia striata Thunb.; Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 86 (1800)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 LES SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Esula, sect. Esula
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cuspidata Bernh.; Flora 28: 86 (1845), nom. illeg., non Bertol. 1843
= Euphorbia pungens E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 184 (1843), nomen
= Euphorbia striata var. cuspidata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 170 (1862)
= Tithymalus capensis (Thunb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 98 (1860)
= Tithymalus striatus (Thunb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 98 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia stricta L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1049 (1759)
Name: Steife Wolfsmilch (DE), Upright Spurge (EN)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Niedersachsen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen [I], Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; France; Corsica; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece; Belarus; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); New Zealand [I]
10 grb ire 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 51 nzl
Remarks: platyphyllos agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia densifolia K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 722 (1849)
= Euphorbia foetida Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch; Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2, 2: 724 (1844), pro syn.
= Euphorbia micrantha Stephan ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 905 (1799)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. micrantha (Stephan ex Willd.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 298 (1834)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. stricta (L.) Bonnier & Layens; Tabl. Syn. Pl. Vasc. France 280 (1894)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos subsp. stricta (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; Fl. Würtemberg, 1. Aufl.: 298 (1834)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. nuda Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3(8): 122 (1852)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. serrulata (Thuill.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 18 (1806)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. stricta (L.) DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 365 (1815)
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. subciliata (Pers.) Wimm. & Grab.; Fl. Siles. [Wimmer & Grabowski] 2(2): 279 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia platyphyllos var. sylvestris J.J.Schmitz & Regel; Fl. Bonn. 160 (1841)
= Euphorbia serrulata Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, éd. 2: 237 (1799)
= Euphorbia stricta f. pubescens (Erdner) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia stricta subsp. micrantha (Stephan ex Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 651 (1881)
= Euphorbia stricta var. pubescens Erdner; Ber. Naturwiss. Vereins Schwaben Neuburg 39-40: 569 (1911)
= Galarhoeus micranthus (Stephan ex Willd.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 152 (1812)
= Galarhoeus platyphyllus var. strictus (L.) Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 257 (1821 publ. 1822)
= Galarhoeus strictus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 151 (1812)
= Tithymalus micranthus (Stephan ex Willd.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
= Tithymalus serrulatus (Thuill.) Holub; Preslia 42: 94 (1970)
= Tithymalus strictus (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4: 290 (1858)
species :
Euphorbia strictior Holz.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. (1892) 214 t. 18
Name: Panhandle spurge
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalopsis strictior (Holz.) Wooton & Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 396 (1915)
species :
Euphorbia strigosa Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 310 (1838)
Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia asperifolia Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 74 (1862)
= Poinsettia pedunculata Klotzsch & Garcke; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 277 (1856)
= Poinsettia strigosa (Hook. & Arn.) Arthur; Torreya 11: 260 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia stygiana H.C.Watson; London J. Bot. 3: 605 (1844)
Distribution: Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.)
21 AZO
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mellifera Seub.; Fl. Azor. [Seubert] 27 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus stygianus (H.C.Watson) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia subapoda Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 671 (1887)
Distribution: C-Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia quartziticola Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 159 (1946)
species :
Euphorbia subcordata Ledeb.; Icon. Pl. Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 2: 25 (1830)
Distribution: S-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
14 RUS 30 SIB 32 KAZ 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia caesia Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 743 (1841)
= Euphorbia caesia var. pilosa Ledeb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 577 (1850)
= Euphorbia cyparissias var. glabriuscula C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 180 (1833)
= Euphorbia cyparissias var. pubescens C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 180 (1833)
= Euphorbia distincta Stschegl.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(1): 195 (1854), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia eriophylla Kar. & Kir.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 14: 744 (1841)
= Euphorbia esculenta var. cyparissioides Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 161 (1862)
= Euphorbia esula var. caesia Ledeb.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 182 (1833)
= Euphorbia esula var. humilior C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 194 (1833)
= Euphorbia subcordata f. obtusifolia Krylov; Fl. Altai Gov. Tomsk 5: 1195 (1909)
= Euphorbia subcordata var. eriophylla (Kar. & Kir.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 162 (1862)
= Galarhoeus caesius (Kar. & Kir.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 249 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula f. caesius (Kar. & Kir.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 248 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula f. humilior (C.A.Mey.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 248 (1954)
= Galarhoeus esula var. subcordatus (Ledeb.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 249 (1954)
= Galarhoeus subcordatus (Ledeb.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 60 (1941)
= Tithymalus caesius (Kar. & Kir.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 87 (1860)
= Tithymalus subcordatus (C.A.Mey.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 88 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia subhastata Vis. & Pancic; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 10: 444 (1861)
Distribution: E-Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo
13 BIH KOS MNT SRB
Remarks: not a synonym of E. agraria
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia agraria var. subhastata (Vis. & Pancic) Gris; Cat. Cormophyt. Anthophyt. Serbiae 92 (1877)
species :
Euphorbia subilsiae Mayfield; Darwiniana 12(1): 163 (2024)
Distribution: Argentina (Córdoba, Buenos Aires, Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán)
85 ARG
species :
Euphorbia suborbicularis Thulin; Kew Bull. 64(3): 469 (2009)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia subpeltata S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 146 (1891)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus digitatus (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Eumecanthus subpeltatus (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
= Euphorbia digitata S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 146 (1891)
species :
Euphorbia subpeltatophylla Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(2): 25 (1993)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia subsalsa Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 948 (1900)
subspecies :
subsp. subsalsa
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia heteracantha Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 83 (1904)
subspecies :
subsp. otzenii Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 52, figs. 31-34 (2018)
Distribution: NW-Namibia
27 NAM
species :
Euphorbia subscandens P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3862 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia subterminalis N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 504 (1911)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia subtrifoliata Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 51 (1920)
Distribution: Colombia (Magdalena)
82 CLM
species :
Euphorbia succedanea Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 132: 63 (1939)
Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia succulenta (Schweick.) Bruyns; Euphorbia World 3(1): 5 (2007)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia neostapelioides Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. nov.
= Monadenium stapelioides Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 89 (1909)
= Monadenium succulentum Schweick.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1935: 274 (1935)
variant :
var. congesta (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Euphorbia World 3(1): 5 (2007)
Distribution: Uganda; SW-Kenya; N-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia neostapelioides var. congesta (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006)
= Monadenium stapelioides f. congestum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 36 (1959)
= Monadenium stapelioides var. congestum (P.R.O.Bally) S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42: 914 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia sudanica A.Chev.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 4: 589 (1932)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Togo; Niger; Nigeria; Chad
22 BKN GUI IVO MLI NGA NGR SEN TOG 24 CHA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia trapifolia A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 13: 556 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia suffulta Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 56(1): 129 (1990)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
species :
Euphorbia sulcata Lens ex Loisel.; Fl. Gall. [Loiseleur], ed. 2, 1: 339 (1828)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Italy; Croatia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife)
12 BAL FRA POR SPA 13 CRO ITA 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY
Remarks: sulcata agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula sulcata (Lens ex Loisel.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia exigua var. truncata Koch; (1843)
= Euphorbia retusa (L.) Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 1: 21 (1791) (non Forssk.)
= Euphorbia sulcata var. maroccana Molero, Rovira & Vicens; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 54: 227 (1996)
= Tithymalus sulcatus (Lens ex Loisel.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 1: 92 (1897)
species :
Euphorbia sulphurea Pahlevani; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 177(3): 353 (2015)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
species :
Euphorbia sultan-hassei A.Strid, Bentzer, Bothmer, Engstrand & M.A.Gust.; Willdenowia 19(1): 63 (1989)
Distribution: SW-Crete (Sfakia)
13 KRI
Conservation Status: very rare and local
species :
Euphorbia sumati S.Carter; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72(4): 185 (2000)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia sumbawensis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 26 (1862)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumbawa)
42 LSI
species :
Euphorbia susan-holmesiae Binojk. & Gopalan; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 65(6): 277 (1993)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
species :
Euphorbia susannae Marloth; S. African Gard. 19: 191 (1929)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
species :
Euphorbia suzannae-marnieriae Rauh & Petignat; Succulentes 1996(4): 10 (1996)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia syncalycina Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium calycinum S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(3): 670 (1987)
species :
Euphorbia syncameronii Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Malawi; Zimbabwe
26 MLW ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium cameronii N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1901: 133 (1901)
species :
Euphorbia systyla Edgew.; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 16 2: 1218 (1847)
Distribution: Somalia; Saudi Arabia (Asir); Yemen (SW-Yemen)
24 SOM 35 SAU YEM
species :
Euphorbia systyloides Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 121 (1894)
subspecies :
subsp. systyloides
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia holstii Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 121 (1894)
= Euphorbia volkensii Pax; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 242 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. porcaticapsa S.Carter; Kew Bull. 45(2): 336 (1990)
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia [I]
26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 nam
species :
Euphorbia szovitsii Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. [St. Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 1: 27 (1835), et Linnaea 10: Litt.-Ber. 89 (1836)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Talysh); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Herat, Kabul, Wardak, Parwan); Lebanon (Antilebanon); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Pakistan (Quetta, Kurram)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus szovitsii (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 65 (1860)
variant :
var. kharputensis Azn. ex M.S.Khan; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25: 136 (1964)
Distribution: Turkey; N-Iraq
34 IRQ TUR
species :
Euphorbia taboraensis A.Hässl.; Bot. Not. 1931: 322 (1931)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia tacnensis Phil.; Anales Mus. Nac., Santiago de Chile 77 (1891)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Euphorbia taifensis Fayed & Al-Zahrani; Edinburgh J. Bot. 64(2): 125 (2007)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia
35 SAU
species :
Euphorbia taihsiensis (Chaw & Koutnik) Oudejans; World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their Geogr. Distrib. 5 (1990)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce taihsiensis Chaw & Koutnik; Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 31(2): 163 (1990)
species :
Euphorbia talaina Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 41(2): 319 (1986)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
species :
Euphorbia talassica Lazkov & Sennikov; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 56(1-3): 136 (2018)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan
32 KAZ KGZ
species :
Euphorbia talastavica (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 379 (1949)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan
32 KAZ KGZ UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus talastavicus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 44, in clavi, et 95 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia taluticola Wiggins; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 30: 246 (1965)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia tamanduana Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 4 (1860)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce tamanduana (Boiss.) M.P.Simmons & W.J.Hayden; Brittonia 49(2): 177 (1997)
species :
Euphorbia tamaulipasana (Millsp.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 49 (1989)
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce tamaulipasana Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 403 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia tanaensis P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Candollea 29(2): 390 (1974), with type
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia tanaensis P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 19: 160 (1964) (without type)
species :
Euphorbia tananarivae (Leandri ex J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon) Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488(1): 21 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Antananarivo)
29 MDG
Remarks: milii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia milii var. tananarivae (Leandri) Ursch & Leandri; (1954)
= Euphorbia splendens var. tananarivae Leandri ex J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Euphorbia World 16(3): 16 (2020)
= Euphorbia splendens var. tananarivae Leandri; (1946)
species :
Euphorbia tannensis Biehler; Pl. Nov. Herb. Spreng. 23 (1807)
subspecies :
subsp. tannensis
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Isl., Île des Pins); Vanuatu
50 AUS 60 NWC VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Croton clutioides G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 92 (1786), nomen
= Euphorbia clutioides (G.Forst.) C.A.Gardner; J. Dept. Agric. Western Australia 19: 89 (1942), nom. inval.
= Euphorbia eremophila var. latifolia Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 70 (1862)
= Euphorbia vieillardii Baill.; Adansonia 2: 212 (1861 publ. 1862)
subspecies :
subsp. eremophila (Cunn.) Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 25(4): 439 (1977)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia deserticola F.Muell.; Linnaea 25: 440 (1853)
= Euphorbia eremocarpus Pharm. ex Wehmer; Pfl.-Stoffe 442 (1911)
= Euphorbia eremophila A.Cunn. ex T.Mitch.; J. Exped. Trop. Australia [Mitchell] 348 (1848)
= Euphorbia eremophila var. dracunculina Baill.; Adansonia 6: 290 (1866)
= Euphorbia eremophila var. filiformis Baill.; Adansonia 6: 290 (1866)
= Euphorbia eremophila var. microdendron Baill.; Adansonia 6: 290 (1866)
= Euphorbia eremophila var. oblonga Domin; Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 312 (1927)
= Euphorbia eremophila var. phyllanthina Baill.; Adansonia 6: 290 (1866)
= Euphorbia finlaysonii J.M.Black; Trans. & Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 59: 258 (1935)
= Euphorbia tannensis var. eremophila (A.Cunn. ex T.Mitch.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 25: 439 (1977)
= Euphorbia tannensis var. finlaysonii (J.M.Black) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 25: 441 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia tanquahuete Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 122 (1894)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Zacatecas)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia elastica Altam. & Rose; Anales Inst. Méd.-Nac. México 7: 323 (1905), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia fulva Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1907: 294 (1907)
= Euphorbiodendron fulvum (Stapf) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 305 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia tarapacana Phil.; Anales Mus. Nac., Santiago de Chile 1: 76 (1891)
Distribution: Chile (Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá, Antofagasta)
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia tardieuana Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 162 (1946)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia taruensis S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 377 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia taurinensis All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 287 (1785)
Name: Turiner Wolfsmilch (DE); Torino Spurge (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Austria [I]; Slovakia; Hungary [I]; Baleares; France; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread mainland, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., Thasos, Samothraki); Crete (rare); Ukraine; Crimea; Crimea; Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I]); Northern Caucasus; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Fourni, Samos, Lipsi, Agathonisi, Nisyros, Chalki, Rhodos, Kastellorhizo Isl.); Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); ?Pakistan (?Baluchistan, ?Quetta)
11 aut ger hun SLO 12 BAL FRA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA SRB TUE 14 KRY UKR 21 cny 33 NCS 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula taurinensis (All.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Euphorbia dalmatica f. isophylla K.Malý; Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 20: 556 (1908)
= Euphorbia dalmatica Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 3: 228 (1852)
= Euphorbia graeca Boiss. & Spruner; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 5: 53 (1844)
= Euphorbia graeca subsp. dalmatica (Vis.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 654 (1881)
= Euphorbia graeca var. brachyceras Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 45: 182 (1898)
= Euphorbia lagascae Spruner ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 654 (1881), pro syn.
= Euphorbia preslii Spruner ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 654 (1881), pro syn.
= Euphorbia serbica Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 34: 283 (1896)
= Euphorbia taurinensis f. isophylla (K.Malý) Kuzmanov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 168 (1979)
= Euphorbia taurinensis var. brachyceras (Candargy) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia taurinensis var. isophylla (K.Malý) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992)
= Tithymalus graecus (Boiss. & Spruner) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 84 (1860)
= Tithymalus taurinensis (All.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 83 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia tavoyensis N.P.Balakr.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 73(1): 189 (1976)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Euphorbia teheranica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 153 (1862)
Distribution: Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus teheranicus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia tehuacana (Brandegee) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus tehuacanus Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 55 (1914)
= Tithymalus tehuacanus (Brandegee) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
species :
Euphorbia teixeirae L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 2(1): 37 (1974)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia teke Schweinf. ex Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 118 (1894), et ex Croizat in Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 15: 119 (1938) (descr. ampl.)
Distribution: Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; South Sudan; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola
23 CAF CMN CON ZAI 24 CHA SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Elaeophorbia teke (Schweinf. ex Pax) A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 31: 495 (1951)
= Euphorbia laurentii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 289 (1908)
species :
Euphorbia telanganensis Sadas., K.Prasad & A.Ramakrishna; Phytotaxa 572(3): 284 (2022)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia telephioides Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 402 (1860)
Name: Telephus spurge
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Galarhoeus telephioides (Chapm.) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 801 (1933)
= Tithymalus telephioides (Chapm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 719 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia tellieri A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 13: 555 (1933)
Distribution: Niger
22 NGR
species :
Euphorbia tenax Burch.; Trav. S. Africa 1: 219 (1822)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrothamnus cymosus Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 63 (1860)
= Arthrothamnus ecklonii Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 63 (1860)
= Arthrothamnus scopiformis Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 63 (1860)
= Euphorbia arceuthobioides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 20 (1860)
= Euphorbia mixta N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 585 (1925)
= Euphorbia rhombifolia var. cymosa (Klotzsch & Garcke) N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 285 (1915)
= Euphorbia scopiformis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 75, 1287 (1862)
= Euphorbia serpiformis Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 75 (1862), orth. var.
= Tirucalia arceuthobioides (Boiss.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 87 (1996)
= Tirucalia mixta (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 91 (1996)
= Tirucalia rhombifolia var. cymosa (Klotzsch & Garcke) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 92 (1996)
= Tirucalia tenax (Burch.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5: 93 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia tenuirama Schweinf. ex A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 49 (1907 publ. 1906)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia tenuispina (Rauh & Razafindr.) J.-P.Castillon & J.-B.Castillon; Euphorbia World 16(3): 11 (2020)
Distribution: Madagascar (Fianarantsoa)
29 MDG
Remarks: milii agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia milii var. tenuispina Rauh & Razafindr.; Euphorbia J. 7: 34 (1991)
= Euphorbia milii var. tulearensis Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 152 (1954 publ. 1955)
species :
Euphorbia tenuispinosa Gilli; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 78: 167 (1974), nom. nov.
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia taitensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 83 (1904) (non Boiss.)
= Euphorbia atoto Guill.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 7: 187 (1837) non G. Forst.
= Euphorbia ndurumensis P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 20: 39 (1965) (nom. inval.)
variant :
var. robusta P.R.O.Bally & S.Carter; Kew Bull. 42(2): 377 (1987)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia teres M.Machado & Hofacker; Kakteen And. Sukk. 59(6): 150 (2008)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia terracina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 654 (1762)
Name: Geraldton carnation weed (EN); Terracina-Wolfsmilch (DE); Lechetrezna del inferno (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; European Turkey; Greece (coastal W-Greece, Sporades, Kerkyra, Zakynthos, Andros, Naxos, Paros, Amorgos, Thira); Crete; Ukraine; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Kos, Rhodos); Turkey (NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Israel (coastal W-Israel, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Pennsylvania [I]); Mexico [I]; Chile [I] (Valparaíso [I])
11 ger 12 BAL COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA PEL PTL SIC SRB TUE 14 UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 CNY MDR 33 AZE GEO 34 CYP EAI ISR LEB SIN TUR 35 SAU YEM 50 aus 75 usa 76 usa 79 mex 85 cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula provincialis (Willd.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 157 (1812)
= Esula terracina (L.) Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 17: 150 (1869)
= Esula valentina (Ortega) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 157 (1812)
= Euphorbia abortiva Porta; Atti Imp. Regia Accad. Rovereto, Ser. 2, 9: 67 (1891 publ. 1892)
= Euphorbia affinis DC.; Fl. Franç. [de Candolle & Lamarck], éd. 3, 6: 363 (1815)
= Euphorbia alexandrina Delile; Descr. Égypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 234 (1813)
= Euphorbia carullae Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 69: 95 (1922)
= Euphorbia cyprianii Maire & Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 115 (1936)
= Euphorbia diversifolia Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 2: 618 (1812)
= Euphorbia ehrenbergii Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet], ed. 2: 455 (1830)
= Euphorbia garrullae Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 407 (1921 publ. 1922), nomen
= Euphorbia halacsyi Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 128 (1894 publ. 1895)
= Euphorbia heterophylla Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 385, t. 102 (1798), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia italica Tineo; Syn. Pl. Hort. Panorm. 13 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia italica Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 434 (1788)
= Euphorbia leiosperma Sm.; Fl. Graec. [Sibthorp] 5: 51 (1825)
= Euphorbia linaria Link; L. C. von Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 158 (1828)
= Euphorbia mendax Maire & Wilczek; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 79 (1936)
= Euphorbia modesta Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 34 (1860)
= Euphorbia neapolitana Ten.; Fl. Napol. 1: 266 (1811)
= Euphorbia obliquata Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 93 (1775)
= Euphorbia obtusifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 430 (1788) (nom. rejic.)
= Euphorbia panacea Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3(2, 3): 247 (1847)
= Euphorbia provincialis var. latifolia Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 568 (1842)
= Euphorbia provincialis var. retusa Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 568 (1842)
= Euphorbia provincialis Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 914 (1799)
= Euphorbia purpurascens Salzm. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 660 (1878)
= Euphorbia ramosissima Loisel.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 415 (1827)
= Euphorbia rhombea Willd. ex Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 158 (1828)
= Euphorbia seticornis Poir.; Voy. Barbarie 2: 173 (1789)
= Euphorbia tenuicuspis Guss. ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 761 (1832)
= Euphorbia terracina f. angustifolia (Lange) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 801 (1890)
= Euphorbia terracina f. latifolia (Boiss.) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 6: 98 (1953)
= Euphorbia terracina f. retusa (Boiss.) Vindt; Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. 6: 98 (1953)
= Euphorbia terracina subsp. valentina (Ortega) Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 292 (1896)
= Euphorbia terracina subvar. provincialis (Willd.) Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 292 (1896)
= Euphorbia terracina subvar. serratifolia A.Bolòs; Veg. Com. Barcelona 393 (1950)
= Euphorbia terracina subvar. valentina (Ortega) Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 24: 292 (1896)
= Euphorbia terracina var. alexandrina (Delile) El Karemy; Feddes Repert. 105(5-6): 280 (1994)
= Euphorbia terracina var. almeriensis Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 152 (1936)
= Euphorbia terracina var. angustifolia Lange; Pug. Pl. Hispan. 323 (1861)
= Euphorbia terracina var. delortii Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 653 (1881), nomen
= Euphorbia terracina var. ecarunculata Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 158 (1862)
= Euphorbia terracina var. hieronymi Sennen; Diagn. Nouv. 152 (1936)
= Euphorbia terracina var. latifolia (Boiss.) Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 502 (1877)
= Euphorbia terracina var. leiosperma (Sm.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 107 (1904)
= Euphorbia terracina var. mendax (Maire & Wilczek) Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 27: 258 (1936)
= Euphorbia terracina var. modesta (Boiss.) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 158 (1862)
= Euphorbia terracina var. multicaulis Batt.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: LXXIX (1906)
= Euphorbia terracina var. obliquata (Forssk.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 284 (1901)
= Euphorbia terracina var. ramosissima (Loisel.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 653 (1881)
= Euphorbia terracina var. ramosissima (Loisel.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 16 (1910), isonym
= Euphorbia terracina var. retusa (Boiss.) Menezes; Fl. Madeira 161 (1914), isonym
= Euphorbia terracina var. retusa (Boiss.) Willk. & Lange; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 3: 502 (1877)
= Euphorbia terracina var. trapezoidalis (Viv.) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 179 (1904)
= Euphorbia terracina var. variicornis Maire & Sennen; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 214 (1932)
= Euphorbia terracina var. visciosoi Sennen; [nom. nud.]
= Euphorbia trapezoidalis Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 25, t. 4, f. 1 (1824)
= Euphorbia valentina Ortega; Nov. Rar. Pl. Descr. Dec. 127 (1800)
= Euphorbia verna Salzm. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 660 (1878)
= Keraselma diversifolium (Poir.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Keraselma provinciale (Willd.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838)
= Lophobios terracina (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1836)
= Tithymalus panaceus (Webb & Berthel.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 84 (1860)
= Tithymalus terracinus (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 90 (1860)
= Tithymalus trapezoidalis (Viv.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 96 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia tescorum S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3873 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia teskensuensis Orazova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Bot. Akad. Nauk Kazakhsk. S.S.R. 13: 54 (1983)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang); Tibet
32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI TIB
species :
Euphorbia tessmannii Mansf.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 46: 674 (1929), in obs., et in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 137 (1931), latine. (1928)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Euphorbia tetracantha Rendle; J. Bot. 34: 130 (1896)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia tetracanthoides Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 30: 342 (1901)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia; ?Malawi
25 TAN 26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia tetragona Haw.; Phil. Mag. 276 (1826)
Name: Honey Euphorbia
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia tetrangularis Hurbath & Cordeiro; Syst. Biodivers. 16(7): 660 (2018)
Distribution: Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia tetrapora Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 191 (1858)
Name: Weak spurge
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia tetrapora var. berlandieri Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 142 (1862)
= Tithymalus tetraporus (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 720 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia tetraptera Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 440 (1885)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bakeriana Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 623 (1886)
= Euphorbia eumyrmodes Baker ex Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 63 (1921) (pro syn.)
= Euphorbia tetraptera var. robusta Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 78 (1945)
species :
Euphorbia tettensis Klotzsch; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 94 (1861)
Distribution: Gabon; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
23 GAB 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum tettense Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 34 (1860), nomen
= Chamaesyce tettensis (Klotzsch) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia texana Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 30 (1860)
Name: Texas spurge
Distribution: USA (Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dictyosperma var. leiococca Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 2(1): 191 (1859)
= Euphorbia leiococca (Engelm.) Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 24 (1899)
= Tithymalus leiococcus (Engelm.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 721 (1903)
species :
Euphorbia thelephora Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 561 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
variant :
var. australis Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 564 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
variant :
var. rugosa Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 565 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia theriaca Wheeler; Rhodora 43: 242 (1941)
Name: Terlingua sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce theriaca (L.C.Wheeler) Shinners; Field & Lab. 17: 70 (1949)
species :
Euphorbia thessala (Formánek) Degen & Dörfl.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 64: 736 (1897)
Distribution: ?Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece (south to Mt. Pelion)
13 ALB BUL GRC NMA TUE
Remarks: barrelieri agg.; sometimes included in E. barrelieri s. lat.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia barrelieri subsp. thessala (Formánek) Bornm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61(Beibl. 140): 109 (1928)
= Euphorbia barrelieri var. thessala (Formánek) K.Malý; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 54: 230 (1904)
= Euphorbia baselicis subsp. thessala Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 34: 282 (1896)
= Euphorbia baselicis var. rupestris Friv. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 165 (1862)
= Euphorbia frivaldszkyana Dörfl. & Degen ex Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 107 (1904)
= Tithymalus barrelieri subsp. thessalus (Formánek) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia thinophila Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 537 (1873)
Distribution: Chile (Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo)
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia tholicola L.C.Leach; Excelsa 15: 21 (1991 publ. 1992)
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi
26 MLW ZAM
species :
Euphorbia thompsonii Holmboe; Bergens Mus. Skr., n. s. 1(2): 121, f. 36 (1914)
Distribution: Turkey (S-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains)
34 CYP TUR
Remarks: characias agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus thompsonii (Holmboe) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 113 (1862)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Laghman); China (Xinjiang); Tibet; Pakistan (Kurram, Chitral, Swat, Astor, Gilgit, Deosai); NW-India (Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia prokhanovii Popov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 47: 87 (1938)
= Euphorbia tianschanica (Prokh.) Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 553 (1930)
= Euphorbia tianshanica (Prokh.) Popov; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n. s. 47: 87 (1938), isonym
= Tithymalus thomsonianus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
= Tithymalus tianshanicus Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 553 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia thouarsiana Baill.; Adansonia 1: 139 (1860 publ. 1861)
Distribution: E-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia thulinii S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 684 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia thymifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 454 (1753)
Name: Chickenweed, Female Malomay, Malomay, Milkweed (Trinidad & Tobago); Gulf sandmat (EN)
Distribution: Senegal [I]; Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; Sierra Leone [I]; Liberia [I]; Burkina Faso [I]; Ivory Coast [I]; Ghana [I]; Benin [I]; Niger [I]; Nigeria [I]; Cameroon [I]; Annobon Isl. [I]; Gabon [I]; Congo [Brazzaville] [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire] [I]; S-Chad [I]; Tanzania [I]; Zambia [I]; Mozambique [I]; Madagascar [I]; Comores [I]; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] [I] (Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Rodrigues [I]; Seychelles [I]; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); Iran [I]; China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Hainan [I], Hunan [I], Jiangxi [I], Jiangsu [I], Yunnan [I], Zhejiang [I]); Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Bonin Isl. [I] (Chichijima [I]); Volcano Isl. [I] (Iwojima [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I] (Karachi [I], Waziristan [I], Baluchistan [I]); Nepal [I]; India [I] (throughout [I]); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Maldives [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I] (North Andamans [I], Middle Andamans [I], South Andamans [I], Little Andaman Isl. [I]); Nicobar Isl. [I] (Car Nicobar Isl. [I], North Nicobars [I], Central Nicobars [I], Great Nicobar Isl. [I], Little Nicobar Isl. [I]); Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; Sumatra [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Borneo [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I]; East Timor [I]; Moluccas [I]; Christmas Isl. [Austr.] [I]; New Guinea [I] (Irian Jaya [I], Papua New Guinea [I]); Bismarck Arch. [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; American Samoa [I] (Ta´u [I], Tutuila [I]); [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Tarawa [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Penrhyn [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] ; Society Isl. [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Mopelia Atoll [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I]); Palau [I] (Koror [I], Ngarakabesang [I], Angaur [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Pagan [I], Alamagan [I], Saipan [I], Tinian [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Ulithi [I], Fais [I], Namonuito [I], Truk [I], Moen [I], Dublon [I], Pohnpei [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Ujelang [I], Kwajalein [I], Jaluit [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA (Florida, Louisiana); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas); St. Barthélémy; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Caquetá, Chocó, Córdoba, Guainía, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Tolima, Valle, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Bolívar, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Pando, Santa Cruz, Tarija); N-Brazil (Amapa, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Maranhao, Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); Paraguay (Central); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones, Salta)
22 ben bkn gam gha gui ivo lbr nga ngr sen sie 23 ann cmn con gab zai 24 cha 25 tan 26 moz zam 29 cgs com mau mdg reu rod sey 34 irn 36 chi 38 kzn nns oga tai 40 ban ind ldv mdv nep pak 41 and cbd lao ncb tha vie 42 bor jaw lsi mly mol nwg phi scs sng sul sum xms 43 bis 50 aus lhi 60 asa gil sam 61 aui coo mrq sci tua 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu wak 63 haw 78 USA 79 MEX RGI 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB GDL HIS JAM MAR PUE SBA STL STV TRT VIR 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum thymifolium (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 160 (1812)
= Aplarina microphylla (Lam.) Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 100 (1838)
= Chamaesyce mauritiana Comm. ex Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 37 (1921)
= Chamaesyce microphylla (Lam.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 169 (1972)
= Chamaesyce rubrosperma (Lotsy) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 411 (1916)
= Chamaesyce thymifolia (L.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
= Chamaesyce thymifolia f. suffrutescens (Boiss.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 287 (1954)
= Euphorbia aegyptiaca var. annobonensis Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 700 (1937)
= Euphorbia afzelii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 506 (1911)
= Euphorbia botryoides Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 14 (1790), nomen
= Euphorbia foliata Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn; Rev. Hortus Malab. 52 (1839)
= Euphorbia microphylla Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 423 (1788)
= Euphorbia philippina J.Gay ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 47 (1862)
= Euphorbia rubicunda Blume; Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg [Blume] 73 (1823)
= Euphorbia rubrosperma Lotsy; Bot. Gaz. 20: 349 (1895)
= Euphorbia thymifolia f. laxifoliata Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 679 (1905)
= Euphorbia thymifolia var. disticha Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 171 (1835)
= Euphorbia thymifolia var. suffrutescens Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 47 (1862)
= Euphorbia thymifolia var. viridis Basumatary & S.Baruah; Indian Forester 146(3): 270 (2020)
species :
Euphorbia thyrsoidea Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 164 (1862)
Distribution: Pakistan (Swat, Hazara, Astor); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia swatensis Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 19: 99 (1963)
= Tithymalus thyrsoideus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia tibetica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 114 (1862)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Tibet; Pakistan (Astor, Baltistan); India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia issykkulensis Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 60 (1933), pro syn.
= Euphorbia tatarica Jacquem. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 114 (1862)
= Euphorbia tranzschelii (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 386 (1949)
= Galarhoeus issykkulensis (Prokh.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 26 (1941)
= Galarhoeus tibeticus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 26 (1941)
= Galarhoeus tranzschelii (Prokh.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 26 (1941)
= Tithymalus issykkulensis Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 60 (1933)
= Tithymalus tibeticus (Boiss.) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 59, in obs.(1933)
= Tithymalus tranzschelii Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 36, in clavi, et 59 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia tirucalli L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 452 (1753)
Name: Rubber Euphorbia, Rubber Tree, Indian Tree Spurge, Milk bush, Pencil Cactus
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Sal Isl.); Guinea; Burkina Faso [I]; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; São Tomé [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; ?Chad; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Seychelles [I]; Iran [I] (S-Iran [I]); China [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [I] (throughout); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Maldives [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Thailand [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I], etc.); Moluccas [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I]); New Caledonia [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Aitutaki [I], etc.); Society Isl. [I]; Austral Isl. [I]; Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Florida [I]); Mexico [I]; Belize [I]; Honduras [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Guana [I], St. Croix [I], St. John [I], Tortola [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]
21 CVI 22 BEN bkn GHA GUI NGA 23 CMN sao ZAI 24 ERI ETH SOM SUD 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 COM mau MDG reu sey 34 irn 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban ind ldv mdv pak 41 cbd tha vie 42 jaw lsi mly mol phi sul 50 aus 60 nwc 61 aui coo sci 62 gum mic wak 63 haw 76 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz hon 81 cay his jam pue trt vir 82 clm 83 ecu
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Tirucalli
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrothamnus tirucalli (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 251 (1859)
= Euphorbia geayi Costantin & Gallaud; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 11: 347 (1905)
= Euphorbia laro Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 307 (1899)
= Euphorbia media N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 556 (1911)
= Euphorbia media var. bagshawei N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 556 (1911)
= Euphorbia rhipsaloides Lem.; Ill. Hort. 4(Misc.): 72 (1857)
= Euphorbia scoparia N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 557 (1911)
= Euphorbia suareziana Croizat; Natl. Hort. Mag. 99 (1934)
= Euphorbia tirucalli var. rhipsaloides (Willd.) A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 13: 547 (1933)
= Euphorbia viminalis Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 15 (1768), nom. illeg.
= Tirucalia indica Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 112 (1836)
= Tirucalia tirucalli (L.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 93 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia tisserantii A.Chev. & Sillans; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 31: 376 (1951), sine descr. lat., et in Rev. Bot. 33: 560 (1953)
Distribution: Central African Republic
23 CAF
species :
Euphorbia tithymaloides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 453 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. tithymaloides
Name: Redbird flower, Fiddle flower
Distribution: Gambia [I]; Guinea [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Mozambique [I]; Mozambique Channel Isl. [Îles Éparses] [I] (Juan de Nova Isl. [I]); Îles Glorieuses [I]; Aldabra [I] (Aldabra Isl. [I], Asuncio Isl. [I], Cosmoledo Isl. [I], Astove Isl. [I], Farquhar Isl. [I]); Seychelles [I] (incl. Remire Isl. [I], Desroches Isl. [I]); Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); China [I] (Yunnan [I], Guangxi [I], Guangdong [I]); India [c]; Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [I]; Maldives [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Thailand [I]; Vietnam [I]; Java [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Niue [I]; Phoenix Isl. [I] (Kanton [I]); Gilbert Isl. [I] (Tarawa [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (widespread, incl. Rarotonga [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tetiaroa Atoll [I]); Gambier Isl. [I]; Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Rangiroa Atoll [I], Takapoto Atoll [I]); Austral Isl. [I]; Palau [I] (Koror [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Rota [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I], Yap [I], Truk [I], Moen [I]); Marshall Isl. [I] (Kwajalein [I]); Wake Isl. [I]; Bermuda [I]; Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Thomas); Anguilla; St. Martin/St. Maarten; St. Barthélémy; St. Eustatius; St. Kitts; Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; Curacao; Colombia (Atlántico, Bolívar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina); Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Miranda, Nueva Esparta, Sucre, Tachira, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana [I]; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz)
22 ben gam gui 23 cmn 26 moz 29 ald cgs sey 36 chi 40 ban ind ldv mdv 41 tha vie 42 jaw 60 gil nue phx rot van 61 aui coo gbi sci tua 62 gum mic mrn mrs plu wak 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA AGU BAH BBD ber CUB CUR DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE SBA STE STK STL STM STV TRT VEN VIR 82 CLM frg GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Crepidaria carinata (Donn) Haw.; Suppl. Pl. Succ. 67 (1819)
= Crepidaria myrtifolia (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 136 (1812)
= Crepidaria subcarinata Haw.; Suppl. Pl. Succ. 67 (1819)
= Euphorbia anacampseroides Descourt.; Fl. Méd. Antilles 2: 117 (1822), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia canaliculata G.Lodd.; Bot. Cab. 8: t .727 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia carinata Donn; Hort. Cantabrig., ed. 6: 131 (1811)
= Euphorbia myrtifolia (L.) Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 419 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia tithymaloides var. myrtifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 453 (1753)
= Pedilanthus campester Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 56 (1914)
= Pedilanthus camporum Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 124 (1944)
= Pedilanthus canaliculatus (G.Lodd.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 355 (1826)
= Pedilanthus carinatus (Donn) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 802 (1826)
= Pedilanthus deamii Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 356 (1913)
= Pedilanthus fendleri Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 5 (1862)
= Pedilanthus gritensis Zahlbr.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 12: 104 (1897)
= Pedilanthus houlletii Baill.; Adansonia 1: 341 (1860 publ. 1861)
= Pedilanthus ierensis Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 53: 468 (1926)
= Pedilanthus myrtifolius (L.) Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 18 (1822)
= Pedilanthus petraeus Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 411 (1924)
= Pedilanthus pringlei B.L.Rob.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 29: 322 (1894)
= Pedilanthus subcarinatus (Haw.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 355 (1826)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 390 (1812), t. 19
= Tithymaloides fendleri (Boiss.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymaloides houlletii (Baill.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymalus deamii (Millsp.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus fendleri (Boiss.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus ierensis (Britton) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus myrtifolius (L.) Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 1 (1768)
= Tithymalus petraeus (Brandegee) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus pringlei (B.L.Rob.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus tithymaloides (L.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus villicus Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. angustifolia (Poit.) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49 (2003)
Name: Bejuco de estrella
Distribution: Cuba; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (Guana, St. John)
81 CUB HIS PUE VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Crepidaria cordellata (Haw.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 136 (1812)
= Euphorbia cordellata Haw.; Misc. Nat. 185 (1803)
= Pedilanthus angustifolius Poit.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 393 (1812)
= Pedilanthus cordatus Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 802 (1826)
= Pedilanthus cordellatus (Haw.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 355 (1826)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. angustifolius (Poit.) Dressler; Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 161 (1957)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides var. angustifolius (Poit.) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 52 (1859)
= Tithymaloides angustifolia (Poit.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymaloides cordellata (Haw.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymalus sarissophyllus Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 703 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. bahamensis (Millsp.) Govaerts; Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98: 336 (2012)
Distribution: Bahamas; Turks & Caicos Isl.
81 BAH TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus bahamensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 359 (1913)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. bahamensis (Millsp.) Dressler; Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 165 (1957)
= Tithymalus bahamensis (Millsp.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49 (2003)
Distribution: Jamaica
81 JAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus grisebachii Millsp. & Britton; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 361 (1913)
= Pedilanthus jamaicensis Millsp. & Britton; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 356 (1913)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton) Dressler; Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 159 (1957)
= Tithymalus grisebachii (Millsp. & Britton) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus jamaicensis (Millsp. & Britton) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. padifolia (L.) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 49 (2003)
Distribution: Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], St. Thomas [I]); St. Kitts; Antigua; Guadeloupe; Barbados; Curacao
81 ABA BBD CUR GDL pue STK vir
Synonyms: hidden
= Crepidaria padifolia (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 136 (1812)
= Euphorbia anacampseroides Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 420 (1788)
= Euphorbia padifolia (L.) Guss.; Cat. Pl. Hort. Boccadifalco, Adnot. 25 (1821)
= Euphorbia tithymaloides var. padifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 453 (1753)
= Pedilanthus anacampseroides (Lam.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 253 (1859)
= Pedilanthus laurocerasifolius (Mill.) L.C.Wheeler; Contr. Gray Herb. 124: 42 (1939)
= Pedilanthus padifolius (L.) Poit.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 19: 393 (1812)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. padifolius (L.) Dressler; Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 156 (1957)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides var. padifolius (L.) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 52 (1859)
= Tithymaloides padifolia (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymalus laurocerasifolius Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)
= Tithymalus padifolius (L.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 703 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. parasitica (Boiss. ex Klotzsch) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 50 (2003)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Quintana Roo, Chiapas); Belize; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Croix, St. Thomas)
79 MEX 80 BLZ 81 HIS JAM PUE VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia parasitica Pav. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 5 (1862), pro syn.
= Pedilanthus itzaeus Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1: 305 (1896)
= Pedilanthus latifolius Millsp. & Britton; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 2: 43 (1915)
= Pedilanthus parasiticus Boiss. ex Klotzsch; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 105 (1860)
= Pedilanthus ramosissimus Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 6 (1862)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. parasiticus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Dressler; Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 148 (1957)
= Tithymaloides parasitica (Boiss. ex Klotzsch) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymalus itzaeus (Millsp.) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus parasiticus (Boiss. ex Klotzsch & Garcke) Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
= Tithymalus petanophyllus Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 704 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. retusa (Benth.) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 50 (2003)
Distribution: Java [I]; Peru; N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas); NE-Brazil (Pernambuco)
42 jaw 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus retusus Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 321 (1854)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. retusus (Benth.) Dressler; Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 154 (1957)
= Tithymaloides retusa (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 620 (1891)
= Tithymalus melanopotamicus Croizat; Amer. J. Bot. 24: 703 (1937)
subspecies :
subsp. smallii (Millsp.) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 65: 50 (2003)
Name: Small´s redbird flower
Distribution: South Africa [I]; Taiwan [I]; USA (Florida); N-Cuba
27 saf 38 tai 78 USA 81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Pedilanthus smallii Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 358 (1913)
= Pedilanthus tithymaloides subsp. smallii (Millsp.) Dressler; Contr. Gray Herb. 182: 152 (1957)
= Tithymalus smallii (Millsp.) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 804 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia togakusensis Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 20: no. 3, 69 (1904)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. acuminata Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 642 (1940)
= Euphorbia togakusensis f. acuta Hurus.; J. Jap. Bot. 16: 573 (1940)
= Euphorbia togakusensis f. intermedia (Hurus.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992)
= Euphorbia togakusensis var. ozensis Hurus.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 60: 72 (1947)
= Galarhoeus togakusensis (Hayata) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 389 (1935)
= Galarhoeus togakusensis f. intermedius Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 269 (1945)
= Galarhoeus togakusensis var. acuminatus (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 269 (1954)
= Galarhoeus togakusensis var. ozensis (Hurus.) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 267 (1954)
= Tithymalus togakusensis (Hayata) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 56 (1954)
species :
Euphorbia tomentella Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 32 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (San Luis Potosi)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce luisensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 410 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia tomentulosa S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 476 (1887)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce tomentulosa (S.Watson) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia tommasiniana Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 5: 78 (1842)
Distribution: NE-Italy
13 ITA
Remarks: esula agg.; status uncertain, often included in E. virgata
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia esula subsp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Kuzmanov; Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 7: 162 (1979)
= Euphorbia graminifolia subsp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989)
= Euphorbia virgata subsp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 652 (1881)
= Euphorbia virgata var. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 175 (1924)
= Tithymalus graminifolius subsp. tommasinianus (Bertol.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 200 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus tommasinianus (Bertol.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia tongchuanensis C.Y.Wu & J.S.Ma; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 116, f. 2 (1992)
Distribution: China (Shaanxi)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia torralbasii Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 339 (1899)
Distribution: Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Virgin Isl. (Anegada)
81 CAY CUB VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce andromedae (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce torralbasii (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
= Euphorbia andromedae Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 63 (1900)
species :
Euphorbia torrei (L.C.Leach) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
Distribution: S-Tanzania; NE-Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium torrei L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 1(1-2): 37 (1973)
species :
Euphorbia torta Pax & K.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 240 (1910)
Distribution: Tanzania; Zambia
25 TAN 26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia tortilis Rottler ex Ainslie; Mater. Ind. 2: 424 (1826)
Distribution: S-India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia tortilis Rottler ex Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight], t. 898 (1852)
species :
Euphorbia tortirama R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 17: t. 644 (1937)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia groenewaldii R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 18: t. 714 (1938)
species :
Euphorbia tortistyla N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 569 (1911)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia trachysperma Engelm.; Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound., Bot. [Emory] 189 (1858)
Name: San Pedro River sandmat
Distribution: USA (Arizona); Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)
76 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce trachysperma (Engelm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia trancapatae (Croizat) J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(3a): No. 1, 31-(1951)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce trancapatae Croizat; J. Arnold Arbor. 27: 290 (1946)
species :
Euphorbia transoxana (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 350 (1949)
Distribution: Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan
32 KGZ TZK UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus transoxanus Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 553 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia transtagana Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 3(4): 88 (1859)
Distribution: S-Portugal; N-Morocco
12 POR 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus transtaganus (Boiss.) Samp.; Anais Fac. Sci. Porto 17: 46 (1931)
species :
Euphorbia transvaalensis Schltr.; J. Bot. 34: 394 (1896)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia (incl. Caprivi Strip); Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]
24 ETH 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Remarks: sect. Frondosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ciliolata Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 742 (1898)
= Euphorbia galpinii Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 742 (1898), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia goetzei Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 420 (1900)
= Tirucalia goetzei (Pax) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 90 (1996)
= Tirucalia transvaalensis (Schltr.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 93 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia tresmariae (Millsp.) Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 601 (1923)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Tres Maria Isl.)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia subcaerulea var. tresmariae Millsp.; N. Amer. Fauna 14: 88 (1899)
species :
Euphorbia triaculeata Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 94 (1775)
Distribution: Sudan; Eritrea; Djibouti; Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, C-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Yemen (Aden Desert, Tihama)
24 DJI ERI SUD 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia faurotii Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 1: 135 (1887)
= Euphorbia infesta Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 80 (1904)
variant :
var. triacantha (Ehrenb. ex Boiss.) N.E.Br.
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia triacantha Ehrenb. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 85 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia trialata (Huft) V.W.Steinm.; Acta Bot. Mex. 61: 59 (2002)
Distribution: Mexico (Colima, Guerrero, Michoacan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce trialata Huft; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 20: 199 (1995)
species :
Euphorbia triangolensis Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006), nom. nov.
Distribution: Angola; Zambia
26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Synadenium angolense N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 469 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia triangularis Desf. ex A.Berger; Sukkul. Euphorb. 57 (1907 publ. 1906)
Name: River Euphorbia, Chandelier Tree
Distribution: S-Mozambique; South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia trichadenia Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 125 (1894)
Distribution: Angola; Zimbabwe; S-Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal)
26 ANG ZIM 27 BOT SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Dactylanthes
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia benguelensis Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 741 (1898)
= Euphorbia gossweileri Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 88 (1909)
= Euphorbia trichadenia var. gibbsiae N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 524 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia trichiocyma S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 809 (1985)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia trichocardia L.B.Sm.; Contr. Gray Herb. 114: 12 (1936)
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia trichophylla Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 250 (1884)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia anagalloides Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 344 (1890)
species :
Euphorbia trichotoma Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 60 (1817)
Name: Sanddune spurge, Lechera marina, Revienta caballos, Yerba mala
Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico (Colima, Quintana Roo); Belize; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ 81 BAH CAY CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dumosa A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 198 (1850)
= Euphorbia sagrana A.Rich. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 105 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia trichotoma var. macilenta Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 67 (1900)
= Galarhoeus trichotomus (Kunth) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 802 (1933)
= Tithymalus trichotomus (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 81 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia tricolor Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 479 (1898)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema tricolor (Greenm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 417 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia triflora Schott, Nyman & Kotschy; Analect. Bot. 63 (1854)
Distribution: Slovenia; Croatia
13 CRO SLV
Remarks: barrelieri agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia barrelieri subsp. carnica (Boiss.) Kuzmanov; Izv. Bot. Inst. (Sofia) 12: 120 (1963)
= Euphorbia barrelieri var. carnica (Boiss.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 287 (1901)
= Euphorbia saxatilis var. carnica Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 164 (1862)
= Tithymalus barrelieri subsp. carnicus (Fiori) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 199 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus triflorus (Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia trigona Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 127 (1768)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Malawi; Taiwan [I]; S-India [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Thailand [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Philippines [I]; Belize [I]; Colombia [c]
23 CON ZAI 26 ANG MLW 38 tai 40 ban ind 41 and tha vie 42 mly phi 80 blz 82 clm
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia hermentiana Lem.; Ill. Hort. 5(Misc.): 63 (1858)
species :
Euphorbia trigonosperma Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 567 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland, Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia triligulata (L.C.Wheeler) A.M.Powell; Sida, Bot. Misc. 49: XIII, 496 (2018)
Name: Bristlecup sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce chaetocalyx var. triligulata (L.C.Wheeler) Mayfield; Phytologia 75(2): 179 (1993)
= Chamaesyce fendleri var. triligulata (L.C.Wheeler) Shinners; Field & Lab. 17: 70 (1949)
= Chamaesyce triligulata (L.C.Wheeler) B.L.Turner; Sida, Bot. Misc. 24: 7 (2003)
= Euphorbia chaetocalyx var. triligulata (L.C.Wheeler) M.C.Johnst.; Wrightia 5: 139 (1975)
= Euphorbia fendleri var. triligulata L.C.Wheeler; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 63: 445 (1936)
species :
Euphorbia triodonta (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 469 (1949)
Distribution: Uzbekistan
32 UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus triodontus Prokh.; Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada S.S.S.R. 29: 555 (1930)
species :
Euphorbia tripartita S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(6): 688 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia triphylla (Klotzsch & Garcke ex Klotzsch) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 49 (1989)
Distribution: Mexico (Michoacan, Chihuahua); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua
79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Adenopetalum bracteatum Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859 (1860) 250, et Abh. Acad. Berl. 48 (1860)
= Eumecanthus bracteatus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 413 (1916)
= Eumecanthus microappendiculatus (Lotsy) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 414 (1916)
= Eumecanthus triphyllus Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859)
= Euphorbia graminea Schltdl. & Cham.; Linnaea 5: 83 (1830), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia microappendiculata Lotsy; Bot. Gaz. 20: 349 (1895)
= Euphorbia scabrella Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 55 (1862)
= Euphorbia triphylla Willd. ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 249 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia tshuiensis (Prokh.) Serg.; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 8: 1880 (1935) (tschuiensis)
Distribution: Siberia (Altai, Tuva); Mongolia
30 SIB 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia esula var. caesia C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 182 (1833)
= Euphorbia tshuiensis var. tuvinica Baikov; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 92(1): 151 (2007)
= Tithymalus tshuiensis Prokh.; Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Tomsk. Univ. 1933(3-4): 1 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia tsihombensis Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 492(1): 43 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
species :
Euphorbia tsimbazazae Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 162 (1946)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia tubadenia Mayfield ex Ya Yang; Taxon 61(4): 785 (2012), nom. nov.
Distribution: Mexico
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia dentata var. lasiocarpa Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 72 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia tuberifera N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 539 (1911)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia tuberosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 456 (1753)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., N-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia crispa (Haw.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 356 (1826)
= Tithymalus crispus Haw.; Revis. Pl. Succ. 61 (1821)
= Tithymalus tuberosus (L.) Hill; Syn. Pl. Succ. 137 (1812)
species :
Euphorbia tubiglans Marloth ex R.A.Dyer; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 268 (1934)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Florispinae
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia tubiglans var. jansenvillensis (Nel) D.H.Schnabel, van Veldh. & Marx; Euphorbia World 13(3): 8 (2017)
= Euphorbia jansenvillensis Nel; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 32 (1935)
species :
Euphorbia tuckeyana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 615 (1841)
Distribution: Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Sao Vicente Isl., Santa Luzia Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Sal Isl., Ilha da Boa Vista, Ilha de Sao Tiago, Fogo Isl., Ilha Brava)
21 CVI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia arborea Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 109 (1862)
= Euphorbia arborescens C.Sm.; Narr. Exped. Zaire [Tuckey] 251 (1818)
= Euphorbia tuckeyana var. mezereum A.Chev.; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 15: 957 (1935)
= Tithymalus tuckeyanus (Steud. ex Webb) Bolle ex Klotzsch; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859(1): 93 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia tuerckheimii Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 265 (1912)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 HIS
species :
Euphorbia tulearensis (Rauh) Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 60(4): 184 (1988)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia cap-saintemariensis var. tulearensis Rauh; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50(6): 265 (1978)
species :
Euphorbia tumbaensis De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 291 (1908)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Euphorbia tumistyla (D.G.Burch) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 25(1): 172 (1971)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce tumistyla D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 97 (1966)
species :
Euphorbia turbiniformis Chiov.; Fl. Somala 304 (1929)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia turczaninowii Kar. & Kir.; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 15: 447 (1842)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran); Afghanistan (Herat); China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia carnosa Paulsen; Bot. Tidsskr. 27: 131 (1902)
= Tithymalus turczaninowii (Kar. & Kir.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 64 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia turkanensis S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3859 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia turkestanica Regel; Descr. Pl. Nov. Rar. Fedtsch. 78 (1882)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus turkestanicus (Regel) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 66 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia turpinii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 12 (1860)
Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico (incl. Mona Isl.); Virgin Isl. (Anegada)
81 HIS PUE VIR
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce albescens (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 408 (1916)
= Chamaesyce anegadensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 394 (1914)
= Chamaesyce portoricensis (Urb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 394 (1914)
= Chamaesyce turpinii (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
= Euphorbia portoricensis Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 338 (1899)
= Euphorbia portoricensis var. albescens Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 338 (1899)
species :
Euphorbia tzitanshaniana S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 4: 75 (2022)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Euphorbia ugandensis Pax & K.Hoffm.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 240 (1910)
Distribution: Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN UGA
species :
Euphorbia uhligiana Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 43: 86 (1909)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Euphorbia uliginosa Welw. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 127 (1862)
Distribution: W-Portugal; NW-Spain
12 POR SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus uliginosus (Welw. ex Boiss.) Samp.; Anais Fac. Sci. Porto 17: 46 (1931)
species :
Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns; Euphorbia World 3(1): 5 (2007)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; ?Malawi; Mozambique; India [c] (throughout); Bangladesh [c]; Honduras [I]
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MOZ ZAM 40 ban ind 80 hon
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pseudograntii Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 414 (2006), nom. illeg., homonym
= Synadenium grantii Hook.f.; Bot. Mag. t. 5633 (1867)
= Synadenium umbellatum Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 125 (1894)
= Synadenium umbellatum var. puberulum N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 464 (1911)
species :
Euphorbia umbelliformis (Urb. & Ekman) V.W.Steinm. & P.E.Berry; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 64(2): 132 (2007)
Distribution: Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti
81 CUB HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Cubanthus umbelliformis Urb. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 68 (1926)
species :
Euphorbia umbellulata Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 40 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce umbellulata (Engelm. ex Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
= Euphorbia umbellulata var. major Millsp.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 65 (1889)
species :
Euphorbia umbonata S.Carter; Nordic J. Bot. 12(4): 418 (1992)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia umbrosa Bertero ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 791 (1826)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)
81 HIS
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus umbrosus (Bertero ex Spreng.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia undulata M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 371 (1808)
Distribution: C-European Russia; SE-European Russia; W-Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus
14 RUS 32 KAZ 33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Galarhoeus undulatus (M.Bieb.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 43 (1941)
= Tithymalus undulatus (M.Bieb.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 92 (1860)
species :
Euphorbia undulatifolia Janse; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 8: 69 (1953)
Distribution: India
40 IND
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Euphorbia unicornis R.A.Dyer; Bothalia 6: 225 (1951)
Distribution: NE-Mozambique
26 MOZ
species :
Euphorbia uniglans M.G.Gilbert; Kew Bull. 45(2): 273 (1990)
Distribution: Ethiopia
24 ETH
species :
Euphorbia unispina N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 561 (1911)
Distribution: Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; SW-Chad
22 BEN BKN GHA IVO MLI NGA TOG 23 CMN CON 24 CHA
Remarks: possibly var. of Euphorbia venenifica
species :
Euphorbia uralensis Fisch. ex Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 14 (1822)
Distribution: E-European Russia; N-European Russia; SE-European Russia; Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia); Russian Far East (Amur [I], Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan [I], Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang); Mongolia
14 RUS 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON
Remarks: esula agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia esula var. uralensis (Fisch. ex Link) Dorn; Vasc. Pl. Wyoming 296 (1988)
= Euphorbia virgata var. uralensis (Fisch. ex Link) Boiss.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 4: 181 (1833)
= Galarhoeus uralensis (Fisch. ex Link) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 54 (1941)
= Tithymalus uralensis (Fisch. ex Link) Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 203 (1933)
species :
Euphorbia urceolophora Parodi; Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 11: 50 (1881)
Distribution: Paraguay
85 PAR
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
species :
Euphorbia usambarica Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 122 (1894)
subspecies :
subsp. usambarica
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi
25 KEN TAN 26 MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia membranacea Pax; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 242 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. elliptica Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 374 (1904)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Euphorbia uzmuk S.Carter & J.R.I.Wood; Kew Bull. 37: 33 (1982)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen)
35 YEM
species :
Euphorbia vaccaria Baill.; Adansonia 6: 286 (1866)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
variant :
var. erucoides Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 571 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia vaginulata Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 52 (1859)
Distribution: Bahamas (Great Inagua Isl., Little Inagua Isl., Crooked and Acklins Isl., San Salvador Isl., Cat Isl.); Turks & Caicos Isl.
81 BAH TCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce vaginulata (Griseb.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2(7): 302 (1909)
species :
Euphorbia vajravelui Binojk. & N.P.Balakr.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 63(5): 229 (1991)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala)
40 IND
variant :
var. theniensis B.De Jong & R.W.Stewart; Euphorbia World 15(2): 8 (2019)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu, Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia valerianifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 435 (1788)
Name: Baldrianblättrige Wolfsmilch (DE); Valerian-leaved Spurge (EN)
Distribution: Sicily [I]; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (Epirus, Kerkyra, Ionian Isl., S-Peloponnisos); Crete (only one record); Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (Chios, Kalimnos, Kos, Chalki, Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (W-Iran); Cyprus (N-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, Jazira, NW-Syria); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
13 BUL GRC KRI sic TUE 20 LBY 34 CYP EAI IRN ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Remarks: valerianifolia agg. E. cybirensis might deserve species rank fide Strid (2024)
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia acutifolia (Boiss.) Rech.f.; Fl. Aegaea 114 (1943)
= Euphorbia akenocarpa Roux & Blaise ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 119 (1862) (pro syn.)
= Euphorbia cybirensis var. valerianifolia (Lam.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 651 (1881)
= Euphorbia echinocarpa Sieber ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 119 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia valerianae Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 18 (1806)
= Euphorbia zahnii Heldr. ex Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 100 (1904) (tentative synonym fide Strid 2024)
= Keraselma echinocarpum Raf.; Autik. Bot. 93 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia valeryae J.-P.Castillon; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 40(2): 166 (2018)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia vallaris L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 2(1): 40 (1974)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia vallis-mortae (Millsp.) Howell; Madroño 2: 19 (1931)
Name: Death Valley sandmat
Distribution: USA (California)
76 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce vallis-mortae Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 403 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia vandermerwei R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 17: t. 660 (1937)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia variabilis Ces.; Bibliot. Ital. (Milan) 91: 348 (1838)
subspecies :
subsp. variabilis
Distribution: Switzerland; SE-France; N-Italy
11 SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia gayi var. variabilis (Ces.) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 287 (1901)
= Tithymalus variabilis (Ces.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 90 (1860)
subspecies :
subsp. valliniana (Belli) Jauzein; Monde Pl. 442: 13 (1991)
Distribution: SE-France; ?Corsica; NW-Italy
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia valliniana Belli; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 1: 9 (1904)
= Tithymalus vallinianus (Belli) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia varians Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 130 (1812)
Distribution: W-India (Rajasthan, Maharashtra)
40 IND
Remarks: sometimes included in E. nivulia
species :
Euphorbia vasudevaraoi Hanum., Sarojin. & Raja Kullayisw.; Kew Bull. 78(3): 384 (2023)
Distribution: S-India (Karnataka)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia vauthieriana Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 12 (1860)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia velleriflora (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 40 (1862)
Name: Caliche sandmat
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas); Guatemala
77 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum velleriflorum Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859(2): 28 (1860)
= Chamaesyce velleriflora (Klotzsch & Garcke) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia velligera Schauer; Linnaea 20: 728 (1847)
Distribution: Mexico (Ciudad de Mexico)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Anisophyllum tenuiflorum (Schauer) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 26 (1860)
= Chamaesyce velligera (Schauer) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia venenifica Trémaux & Kotschy ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 178 (1862)
Distribution: N-Ivory Coast; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda
22 IVO 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia mamillaris Trémaux; Voy. Soudan Orient., Atlas 55 (1853), nom. illeg., non L.
species :
Euphorbia veneris M.L.S.Khan; Kew Bull. 16: 447 (1963)
Distribution: Cyprus (C-Mountains)
34 CYP
Remarks: corsica agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus veneris (M.L.S.Khan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia venkatarajui Sarojin.; Nordic J. Bot. 35(3): 359 (2017)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia venteri L.C.Leach ex R.H.Archer & S.Carter; Fl. Pl. Africa 57: t. 2176 (2001)
Distribution: E-Botswana
27 BOT
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia verapazensis Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 121 (1944)
Distribution: Guatemala
80 GUA
species :
Euphorbia vermiculata Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2(3): 206 (1818)
Name: Wormseed sandmat (EN), Wurmförmige Schiefblattwolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec); USA (Arizona, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Mexico (Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan)
11 ger 72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce hirsuta (Torr.) Arthur; Torreya 11: 260 (1911)
= Chamaesyce rafinesquei (Greene) Small; Ill. Fl. N. U.S. [Britton & Brown], ed. 2, 2: 467 (1913)
= Chamaesyce vermiculata (Raf.) House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist., Nos. 233-4: 8 (1920 publ. 1921)
= Euphorbia hirsuta (Torr.) Wiegand; Bot. Gaz. 24: 50 (1895), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia hypericifolia var. hirsuta Torr.; Comp. Fl. N. Middle Stat. 331 (1826)
= Euphorbia pseudonutans var. hirsuta (Torr.) Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 26(1): 16 (1941)
= Euphorbia rafinesquei Greene; Pittonia 3: 207 (1897)
= Xamesike vermiculata (Raf.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 97 (1840)
species :
Euphorbia verna Phil.; Anales Univ. Chile 91: 506 (1895)
Distribution: Chile (Biobío)
85 CLE
species :
Euphorbia verrucitesta Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 572 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Western Australia, South Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia verrucosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 459 (1753)
Name: Warzen-Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Belgium; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; France; Italy; Croatia
11 AUT BGM GER HUN SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 CRO ITA
Remarks: records from the Balkans and Greece as well as W-Asia refer to E. montenegrina fide Cakovic et al. 2021
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia brittingeri Opiz ex Samp.; Herb. Port., Apend. 2: 5 (1914)
= Euphorbia costeana (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 270 (1936)
= Euphorbia epithymoides var. verrucosa Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 278 (1901)
= Euphorbia ericetorum Zumagl.; Fl. Pedem. 2: 163 (1860)
= Euphorbia flavicoma proles costeana Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 149 (1910)
= Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. brittingeri (Opiz ex Samp.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 85 (1974)
= Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. costeana (Rouy) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France 270 (1936)
= Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. costeana (Rouy) Vindt & Guin. ex Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11(2): 278 (1981), isonym
= Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. verrucosa (Fiori) Pignatti; Giorn. Bot. Ital. 107: 220 (1973)
= Euphorbia flavicoma subsp. verrucosa (L.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 128: 69 (1981), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia flavicoma var. velutina (Boiss.) Breistr.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 128(1-2): 69 (1981)
= Euphorbia verrucosa f. montana (Gaudin) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia verrucosa f. velutina (Boiss.) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia verrucosa f. viridis (Erdner) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 188 (1992 publ. 1993)
= Euphorbia verrucosa Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 2: 431 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia verrucosa var. montana Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 3: 284 (1828)
= Euphorbia verrucosa var. velutina Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 129 (1862)
= Euphorbia verrucosa var. viridis Erdner; Ber. Naturwiss. Vereins Schwaben Neuburg 39-40: 569 (1911)
= Galarhoeus verrucosus (L.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 148 (1812)
= Tithymalus brittingeri (Opiz ex Samp.) Holub; Preslia 42: 94 (1970)
= Tithymalus ericetorum (Zumagl.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 149: 210 (1980 publ. 1981)
= Tithymalus flavicomus subsp. brittingeri (Opiz ex Samp.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 148: 79 (1980)
= Tithymalus flavicomus subsp. costeanus (Rouy) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(1): 22 (1983)
= Tithymalus verrucosus (L.) Hill; Hort. Kew. [Hill] 172/3 (1768)
species :
Euphorbia verruculosa N.E.Br.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(2): 585 (1925)
Distribution: SW-Namibia
27 NAM
Remarks: sect. Articulofruticosae
Synonyms: hidden
= Tirucalia verruculosa (N.E.Br.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 93 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia vervoorstii Subils; Kurtziana 6: 235 (1971)
Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Santa Cruz); Argentina (Catamarca, Salta)
83 BOL 85 ARG
species :
Euphorbia vestita Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 7 (1860)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Morelos)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce vestita (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 412 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia vezorum Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: I 16 (1947)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia viatilis Ule; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 50: 85 (1908 publ. 1909)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Euphorbia vicina Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 574 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia victoriensis Halford & W.K.Harris; Austrobaileya 8(4): 576 (2012)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia)
50 AUS
species :
Euphorbia viduiflora L.C.Leach; Garcia de Orta, Ser. Bot. 2(1): 45 (1974)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Euphorbia viguieri Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 73 (1921)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
variant :
var. ankarafantsiensis Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 124 (1954 publ. 1955)
Distribution: N- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
variant :
var. capuroniana Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 124 (1954 publ. 1955)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
variant :
var. tsimbazazae Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 120 (1954 publ. 1955)
Distribution: WC-Madagascar
29 MDG
variant :
var. vilanandrensis Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 122 (1954 publ. 1955)
Distribution: N-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia villifera Scheele; Linnaea 22: 153 (1849)
Name: Hairy sandmat
Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico State, Morelos, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua
77 USA 79 MEX 80 GUA HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce stanfieldii Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 712 (1903)
= Chamaesyce villifera (Scheele) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 712 (1903)
= Euphorbia siguatepequensis Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 313 (1929)
= Euphorbia stanfieldii (Small) Cory; Rhodora 38: 407 (1936)
= Euphorbia villifera var. nuda Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 45 (1862)
species :
Euphorbia viminea Hook.f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 20: 184 (1851)
Distribution: Galapagos
83 GAL
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce viminea (Hook.f.) D.G.Burch; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 174 (1969)
= Euphorbia viminea f. abingdonensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 139 (1895)
= Euphorbia viminea f. albemarlensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 138 (1895)
= Euphorbia viminea f. barringtonensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 139 (1895)
= Euphorbia viminea f. carolensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 139 (1895)
= Euphorbia viminea f. castellana B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 138 (1895)
= Euphorbia viminea f. chathamensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 138 (1895)
= Euphorbia viminea f. jacobensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 138 (1895)
= Euphorbia viminea f. jervensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.; Amer. J. Sci., Ser. 3, 1: 139 (1895)
species :
Euphorbia violacea Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 480 (1898)
Distribution: Mexico (Puebla)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus violaceus (Greenm.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia virgata Waldst. & Kit.; Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 176, t. 162 (1805)
Name: Ruten-Wolfsmilch (DE)
Distribution: Denmark; Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; NE-Spain; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Serbia; Kosovo; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; NE-Greece (very rare); Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey; Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran); Canada [I] (Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Kansas [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Montana [I], Nebraska [I], Pennsylvania [I], Wyoming [I])
10 DEN 11 AUT CZE GER HUN SLO SWI 12 SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 32 TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR 71 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa
Remarks: esula agg.; delimitation to other species of the group uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Esula virgata (Waldst. & Kit.) Haw.; Syn. Pl. Succ. 155 (1812)
= Euphorbia cyparissias subsp. virgata (Waldst. & Kit.) R.C.V.Douin; Fl. Ill. France 14 (1929)
= Euphorbia esula var. pubescens Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, prepr. 6: 402 (1879)
= Euphorbia jaxartica Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 192 (1933), in syn.
= Euphorbia jaxartica Prokh. ex Krylov; Fl. Zapadnoi Sibiri 8: 1875 (1935 publ. 1934)
= Euphorbia jaxartica Prokh. ex Pavlov; Fl. Centr. Kazakhst. 2: 453 (1935), et Trudy Prikl. Bot., Ser. 1, Sist. Rast. Obscie Vopr. Rasteniev 2: 273 (1937)
= Euphorbia kitaibelii Klokov & Dubovik; (nom. invalid.)
= Euphorbia obscura Láng ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 762 (1832)
= Euphorbia opaca Láng ex Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 762 (1832)
= Euphorbia persica Steven ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 160 (1862), pro syn.
= Euphorbia repens K.Koch; Linnaea 21: 728 (1849)
= Euphorbia virgata subsp. jaxartica (Prokh.) Prokh.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1964: 234 (1964)
= Euphorbia virgata var. angustissima Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 598 (1866)
= Euphorbia virgata var. kneuckeri Walther Zimm.; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 175 (1924)
= Euphorbia virgata var. montana Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 17: 92b (1855)
= Euphorbia waldsteinii (Soják) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 216 (1981), isonym
= Euphorbia waldsteinii (Soják) Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 36(2): 216 (1981)
= Euphorbia waldsteinii subsp. jaxartica (Prokh.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67: 49 (1989)
= Euphorbia ×jucula Prodan; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 673 (1953)
= Galarhoeus virgatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 58 (1941)
= Keraselma virgatum (Waldst. & Kit.) Raf.; Autik. Bot. 93 (1840)
= Tirucalia virgata (Waldst. & Kit.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 93 (1996)
= Tithymalus graminifolius subsp. jaxarticus (Prokh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 200 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus graminifolius subsp. waldsteinii (Soják) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 200 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus jaxarticus Prokh.; Sist. Obzor Molochaev Sredn. Azii 55, in clavi, et 192 (1933)
= Tithymalus repens (K.Koch) Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 96 (1860)
= Tithymalus salicifolius var. virgatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Jess.; Deut. Excurs.-Fl. 216 (1879)
= Tithymalus tommasinianus subsp. waldsteinii (Soják) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(2): 79 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Tithymalus virgatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Klotzsch & Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4: 292 (1858), nom. illeg.
= Tithymalus waldsteinii Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3- 4): 177 (1972), nom. nov.
species :
Euphorbia viridis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Pav. ex Boiss.; (1862)
Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)
83 BOL ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectoroctonum viride Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 248 (1859)
= Euphorbia mandoniana Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 1264 (1862)
= Euphorbia viridis Ruiz ex Klotzsch & Garcke; Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1860: 40 (1860) (in syn.)
species :
Euphorbia viridula Cordem. ex Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 33(2): 230 (1978)
Distribution: La Réunion
29 REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce viridula (Cordem. ex Radcl.-Sm.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 150: 138 (1981 publ. 1982)
species :
Euphorbia virosa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 2: 882 (1799)
Distribution: SW-Angola; W-Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov.)
26 ANG 27 NAM SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia bellica Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 945 (1900)
= Euphorbia dinteri P.J.Bergius; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 109 (1906)
= Euphorbia virosa f. caespitosa H.Jacobsen; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 10: 81 (1955)
= Euphorbia virosa f. striata H.Jacobsen; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 10: 81 (1955)
= Euphorbia virosa subsp. arenicola L.C.Leach; Bol. Soc. Brot. 45: 355 (1971)
species :
Euphorbia viscoides Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 4 (1860)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce viscoides (Boiss.) M.P.Simmons & W.J.Hayden; Brittonia 49(2): 178 (1997)
species :
Euphorbia vittata S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3858 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia vizcainensis Maya-Lastra & V.W.Steinm.; Phytotaxa 221(3): 273 (2015)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia vulcanorum S.Carter; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 39(3): t. 3872 (1982)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia wakefieldii N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 583 (1912)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Euphorbia wallichii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 5(14): 258 (1887)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); China (Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Kurram, Waziristan, Chitral, Hazara); Nepal; India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Poonch)
34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 IND NEP PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia duclouxii H.Lév. & Vaniot; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 113 (1908)
= Euphorbia wallichii subsp. duclouxii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) B.L.Turner; New Plantsman 1(3): 169 (1994)
= Euphorbia yunnanensis Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 45: 569 (1990)
= Tithymalus wallichii (Hook.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia waringiae Rauh & Gerold; Succulentes 21(2): 6 (1998)
Distribution: S- & W-Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia watanabei Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 2: 14 (1920)
subspecies :
subsp. watanabei
Distribution: Japan (Honshu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia pekinensis var. watanabei (Makino) Oudejans; Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 21: 187 (1992)
= Galarhoeus lasiocaulus var. watanabei (Makino) Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 264 (1954)
= Galarhoeus watanabei (Makino) H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 11: 389 (1935)
= Tithymalus pekinensis var. watanabei (Makino) Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. [Emend.] 387 (1957)
subspecies :
subsp. minamitanii T.Kuros., Seriz. & H.Ohashi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 47(1): 14 (1996)
Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)
38 JAP
species :
Euphorbia waterbergensis R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. Africa 28: t. 1095 (1951)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia weberbaueri Mansf.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 221 (1931)
Distribution: Peru
83 PER
species :
Euphorbia wellbyi N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 541 (1911)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH 25 KEN TAN
variant :
var. glabra S.Carter; Kew Bull. 40(4): 814 (1985)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA
species :
Euphorbia werneri Haev. & Hett.; Phytotaxa 488(1): 53 (2021)
Distribution: Madagascar (Toliary)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia wheeleri Baill.; Adansonia 6: 286 (1866)
Distribution: Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales)
50 AUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce wheeleri (Baill.) D.C.Hassall; Austral. J. Bot. 24(5): 640 (1976)
= Euphorbia divaricata A.Cunn. ex Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 6: 50 (1873) (pro syn.)
species :
Euphorbia whellanii L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 33: 247 (1967)
Distribution: ?Tanzania; Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia whitei L.C.Wheeler; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 11: 44 (1939)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacan, Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia whyteana Baker f.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 4: 39 (1894)
Distribution: Zambia; ?Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
26 MOZ ZAM ZIM
species :
Euphorbia wildii L.C.Leach; Kirkia 6: 139 (1968), nom. inval., et Kirkia 10(1): 293 (1975), with correct holotype
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
species :
Euphorbia williamsonii L.C.Leach; J. S. African Bot. 35: 19 (1969)
Distribution: Zambia
26 ZAM
species :
Euphorbia willowmorensis Bruyns; Haseltonia 25: 35, figs. 10-12 (2018)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Subgen. Athymalus, sect. Anthacanthae, subsect. Medusea
species :
Euphorbia wittmannii Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 31 (1860)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
33 GEO 34 TUR
species :
Euphorbia wrightii Torr. & A.Gray; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 2: 174 (1856)
Name: Wright´s spurge
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Zacatecas)
77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Alectoroctonum wrightii (Torr. & A.Gray) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 248 (1859)
= Tithymalopsis wrightii (Torr. & A.Gray) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] ed. 2, 1349 (1913)
species :
Euphorbia xalapensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 61 (1817)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Sonora, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus xalapensis (Kunth) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
= Euphorbia amphimalaca Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 313 (1929)
= Euphorbia enalla Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 54 (1914)
= Poinsettia xalapensis (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke; Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 253 (1859)
species :
Euphorbia xanthadenia Denis; Euphorb. Îles Austr. Afr. 79 (1921)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: sect. Goniostema, rubrostriata group
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia croizatii Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 160 (1946)
= Euphorbia ebeloensis Rebmann; Euphorbia World 13(2): 5 (2017)
= Euphorbia emiliennae Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 9: 28 (2017), nom. nov. inval. for E. helenae Rebmann (nom. illeg., non Urban 1908)
= Euphorbia emilienneae Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 9: 28 (2017), no page number given
= Euphorbia emirnensis Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 251 (1884)
= Euphorbia emirnensis var. imbricata Denis; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 1: 121 (1929)
= Euphorbia helenae Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 8(2): 35 (2016), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia mahafalensis var. xanthadenia (Denis) Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 158 (1946)
species :
Euphorbia xanti Engelm. ex Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 62 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Sonora)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Aklema xanti (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 417 (1916)
= Euphorbia corallifera M.E.Jones; Contr. W. Bot. 18: 50 (1933-5)
= Euphorbia gymnoclada Engelm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 171 (1861)
species :
Euphorbia xbacensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 1: 374 (1898)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatan); Guatemala; Belize
79 MEX 80 BLZ GUA
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus xbacensis (Millsp.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 413 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia xiangxiui N.Wei, Q.Yu, Guo X.Chen & Q.F.Wang; Syst. Bot. 47(1): 261 (2022)
Distribution: China (Fujian)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia xianxialingensis F.Y.Zhang, W.Y.Xie & Z.H.Chen; J. Zhejiang Forest. Sci. Technol. 40(1): 82 (2020)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia xylacantha Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 79 (1904)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia xylophylloides Brongn. ex Lem.; Ill. Hort. 4(Misc.): 72 (1857)
Distribution: Madagascar; Colombia [c]
29 MDG 82 clm
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia enterophora Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 5: 307 (1899) (in Supp. 2 as ´enterophona´)
= Tirucalia enterophora (Drake) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5(3): 89 (1996)
= Tirucalia xylophylloides (Brongn. ex Lem.) P.V.Heath; Calyx 5: 94 (1996)
species :
Euphorbia xylopoda Greenm.; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 480 (1898)
Distribution: Mexico (Oaxaca)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia yadgirensis Sarojin. & Raja Kullayisw.; Nordic J. Bot. 2023(10)-e04041: 2 (2023)
Distribution: S-India (Karnataka)
40 IND
species :
Euphorbia yanjinensis W.T.Wang; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10(1): 45, f. 3 (1988)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia yaquiana Tidestr.; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 48: 41 (1935)
Distribution: USA (Arizona)
76 USA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia incisa var. mollis (Norton) L.C.Wheeler; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 30: 473 (1940)
= Euphorbia schizoloba var. mollis Norton; N. Amer. Euphorbia 43 (1899)
species :
Euphorbia yaroslavii Poljakov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 484 (1961)
Distribution: Kazakhstan
32 KAZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia jaroslavii Poljakov; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 15: 155 (1953), nom. inval.
= Tithymalus yaroslavii (Poljakov) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia yattana (P.R.O.Bally) Bruyns; Taxon 55(2): 415 (2006)
Distribution: Kenya (mountains)
25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Monadenium yattanum P.R.O.Bally; Candollea 17: 34 (1959)
species :
Euphorbia yemenica Boiss.; Cent. Euphorb. 37 (1860)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen)
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus yemenicus (Boiss.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4), 177 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia yildirimlii Dinç; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 19(2): 13 (2012)
Distribution: Turkey (Anatolia)
34 TUR
species :
Euphorbia yucatanensis (Millsp.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 3, 327 (1930)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatan)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce yucatanensis Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 407 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia zakamenae Leandri; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 70 (1945)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia zambesiana Benth.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 14: t. 1305 (1880)
Distribution: Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
23 BUR CAF RWA ZAI 24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ
Remarks: sect. Anisophyllum, subsect. Hypericifoliae
Synonyms: hidden
= Chamaesyce zambesiana (Benth.) Koutnik; S. African J. Bot. 3(4): 263 (1984)
= Euphorbia poggei Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 118 (1894)
variant :
var. villosula (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 501 (1911)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia andongensis Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 943 (1900)
= Euphorbia angolensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 117 (1894)
= Euphorbia poggei var. benguelensis Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 532 (1897)
= Euphorbia poggei var. villosa Pax; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 737 (1898)
= Euphorbia serpicula Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 941 (1900)
= Euphorbia villosula Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 118 (1894)
= Euphorbia zambesiana var. benguelensis (Pax) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 501 (1911) (priority?)
species :
Euphorbia zamudioi V.W.Steinm. & P.Carrillo; Phytotaxa 350(3): 217 (2018)
Distribution: Mexico (Querétaro, Hidalgo, Tamaulipas)
79 MEX
species :
Euphorbia zazafotsyensis J.-P.Castillon & Houyelle; Euphorbia World 18(1): 20 (2022)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia zeylana N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1): 1035 (1913)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Euphorbia zhongiana Z.H.Chen, J.P.Li & J.B.Pu; Phytotaxa 665(2): 100 (2024)
Distribution: China (Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Euphorbia ziaratensis Pahlevani; Phytotaxa 312(1): 90 (2017)
Distribution: Pakistan
40 PAK
species :
Euphorbia zierioides Boiss.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 58 (1862)
Distribution: Mexico (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Eumecanthus zierioides (Boiss.) Millsp.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 415 (1916)
species :
Euphorbia zonosperma Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 696 (1873)
Distribution: NE-Brazil (Paraíba, Bahia)
84 BRA
species :
Euphorbia zoutpansbergensis R.A.Dyer; Fl. Pl. South Africa 18: t. 715 (1938)
Name: Zoutpansberg Euphorbia
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo)
27 SAF
Remarks: subgen. Euphorbia, sect. Euphorbia
species :
Euphorbia ×ambohipotsiensis Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 180 (1955)
Distribution: Madagascar (cult.)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ×andrefandrovana Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 182 (1955)
Distribution: Madagascar (cult.)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ×angustata (Rochel) Borza; Consp. Fl. Român. 2: 179 (1949)
Distribution: Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania
11 CZE HUN SLO 13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia esula ssp. tomassiniana x salicifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia salicifolia var. angustata Rochel; Pl. Banat. Rar. 43 (1828)
= Tithymalus ×angustatus (Rochel) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia ×angustifrons Borbás; [Magyar Homokp. Növenyt. 30, 96, 101 (1886)] ex Oesterr. Bot. Z. 36: 400 (1886)
Distribution: Austria; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania; Ukraine
11 AUT HUN SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR
Remarks: Euphorbia glareosa x seguieriana
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus angustifrons (Borbás) Chrtek & Krísa; Biología, A (Czechoslovakia) 26(10): 768 (1971)
= Tithymalus ×angustifrons (Borbás) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 428 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia ×assalitii Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 15(2): 31 (2023)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ×balfourii Sennen; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Sér. 2, 72: 15 (1925 publ. 1926)
Distribution: S-Europe
Error
Remarks: Euphorbia segetalis var. segetalis x terracina
species :
Euphorbia ×bazargica Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 1: 39 (1930)
Distribution: Romania; Bulgaria
13 BUL ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia esula x Euphorbia glareosa
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia basargica Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 5(1): 254 (1935)
= Tithymalus ×bazargicus (Prodan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 170 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia ×bothae Lotsy & Goddijn; Genetica 10: 47 (1928)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ×antiafra Lotsy & Goddijn; Genetica 10: 47 (1928)
= Euphorbia ×bothae var. antiafra (Lotsy & Goddijn) G.D.Rowley; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 10: 81 (1955)
species :
Euphorbia ×budensis T.Simon; Borbásia 9: 94 (1949)
Distribution: Hungary
11 HUN
Remarks: Euphorbia glareosa x seguieriana
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×budensis (T.Simon) Chrtek & Krísa; Biologia (Bratislava) 26: 769 (1971)
species :
Euphorbia ×csatoi (Simonk.) Borza; Bot. Közlem. 22: 66 (1924-1925 publ. 1925)
Distribution: Hungary; Romania
11 HUN 13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia agraria x esula x salicifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia agraria var. csatoi Simonk.; Erd. Edén. Fl. 481 (1886 publ. 1887)
species :
Euphorbia ×curvirama R.A.Dyer; Rec. Albany Mus. 4: 104 (1931)
Name: Cape Candelabra Tree
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Euphorbia caerulescens x triangularis
species :
Euphorbia ×fernandez-lopezii Molero & Rovira; Euphorbia World 9(2): 27 (2013)
Distribution: Canary Isl.
21 CNY
Remarks: Euphorbia berthelotii x bourgaeana
species :
Euphorbia ×gayeri Boros & Soó; Bot. Közlem. 22: 66 (1924-1925 publ. 1925)
Distribution: +England (+England); ?Germany; Slovakia; Hungary; Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Minnesota [I])
10 GRB 11 HUN SLO 72 cdn 75 usa
Remarks: Euphorbia cyparissias x waldsteinii
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×gayeri (Borbás & Soó) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 428 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia ×gibelliana Peola; Malpighia 6: 249 (1892)
Distribution: Italy; etc.
13 ITA
Remarks: Euphorbia canuti x insularis
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia hyberna subsp. gibelliana (Peola) Raffaelli; Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 19: 315 (1979 publ. 1980)
= Euphorbia hyberna var. gibelliana (Peola) Fiori; Fl. Anal. Italia 2: 279 (1901)
= Tithymalus ×gibellianus (Peola) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 172 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia ×goldei Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 738 (1949)
Distribution: Crimea; etc.
14 KRY
Remarks: Euphorbia glareosa x stepposa
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia nicaeensis subsp. goldei (Prokh.) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11(2): 278 (1981)
= Euphorbia ×pseudoglareosa Klokov; Fl. URSR 7: 630 (1955)
= Tithymalus nicaeensis subsp. goldei (Prokh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. Praze, Rada Prír. 152(1): 22 (1983)
species :
Euphorbia ×inconstantia R.A.Dyer; Rec. Albany Mus. 4: 93 (1931)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Remarks: Euphorbia polygona x heptagona or pentagona
species :
Euphorbia ×ingezalahiana Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 182 (1955)
Distribution: Madagascar (cult.)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ×jablonskiana Polatschek; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 75: 199 (1971 publ. 1972)
Distribution: Austria
11 AUT
Remarks: Euphorbia palustris x villosa
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×jablonskianus (Polatschek) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 428 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia ×jubaeaphylla Svent.; Addit. Fl. Canar. 1: 29 (1960)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife)
21 CNY
Remarks: Euphorbia aphylla x Euphorbia lamarckii
species :
Euphorbia ×lesliei J.L.Sharman; Pl. Rev. 6(1): 64 (2024)
Distribution: Great Britain
10 GRB
species :
Euphorbia ×lomi Rauh; Kakteen And. Sukk. 30(11): 257 (1979)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: Euphorbia lophogona x milii
species :
Euphorbia ×macinensis Prodan; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 674 (1953)
Distribution: Romania
13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia agraria x nicaeensis ssp. glareosa
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×macinensis (Prodan) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 173 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia ×marreroi Molero & Rovira; Willdenowia 35(2): 276 (2005)
Distribution: Canary Isl.
21 CNY
Remarks: Euphorbia aphylla x regis-jubae
species :
Euphorbia ×martini Rouy; Ill. Pl. Eur. Rar. 107, t. 324 (1900)
Distribution: England; France; etc.
10 GRB 12 FRA
Remarks: Euphorbia amygdaloides x characias ssp. characias. Often cultivated and occasionally escaped
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ×cornubiensis Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 40(2): 445 (1985)
= Euphorbia ×malahidensis Radcl.-Sm.; Kew Bull. 40(2): 445 (1985)
= Euphorbia ×martini nothosubsp. cornubiensis (Radcl.-Sm.) Radcl.-Sm.; Taxon 35: 349 (1986)
species :
Euphorbia ×maxii Rebmann; Cact. Succ. 15(2): 33 (2023)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ×megapolitana Henker & Kiesew.; Bot. Rundbr. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 52: 4 (2015), pro spec.
Distribution: Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
11 GER
Remarks: status uncertain, mostly sterile, possibly a stabilized hybrid
species :
Euphorbia ×mitsimbinensis Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 176 (1955)
Distribution: Madagascar (cult.)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ×navae Svent.; Bol. Inst. Nac. Invest. Agron. 18: Cuad. No. 96, 4 (1948)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Remarks: Euphorbia atropurpurea x lamarckii
species :
Euphorbia ×nyaradyana Prodan; Bul. Sti. Acad. Republ. Populare Române, Sect. Biol. Sti. Agric., Ser. Bot. 9: 306 (1957)
Distribution: Romania
13 ROM
species :
Euphorbia ×paradoxa (Schur) Simonk.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] no. 2: 49 (1882 publ. 1883)
subspecies :
subsp. paradoxa
Distribution: Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern); Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania
11 AUT CZE GER HUN SLO 13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia esula x salicifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia esula subsp. paradoxa (Schur) Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 482 (1887)
= Euphorbia esula var. paradoxa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 596 (1866)
= Euphorbia salicifolia subsp. schurii (Simonk.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 276 (1890)
= Euphorbia salicifolia var. obversa Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3(8): 123 (1852)
= Euphorbia ×hirsuta Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 66 (1853), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia ×obtusifolia Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 66 (1853), nom. illeg.
= Euphorbia ×schurii Simonk.; Természetrajzi Füz. 10: 183 (1886)
= Tithymalus ×paradoxus (Schur) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12: 428 (1977)
subspecies :
subsp. gusuleacii (Prodan & Soran) Govaerts; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Euphorbiaceae 797 (2000) [nothossp.]
Distribution: Romania
13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia esula ssp. tommasiniana x salicifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ×gusuleacii Prodan & Soran; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 674 (1953)
variant :
var. podolica (Blocki ex Borza) Govaerts; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Euphorbiaceae 797 (2000) [nothovar.]
Distribution: Romania
13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia esula var. cyparissioides x salicifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ×podolica Blocki ex Borza; Consp. Fl. Român. 2: 180 (1949), nom. inval.
species :
Euphorbia ×peisonis Rech.f.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 186 (1925)
Distribution: Germany; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania
11 AUT CZE GER HUN SLO 13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia cyparissias x salicifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×peisonis (Rech.f.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia ×petterssonii Svent.; Bol. Inst. Nac. Invest. Agron. 9(20): 199 (1949)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife)
21 CNY
Remarks: Euphorbia aphylla x atropurpurea f. lutea
species :
Euphorbia ×popovii Rothsch.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 21: 273 (1961)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan
32 KAZ TKM UZB
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus popovii (Rothsch.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia ×procopianii Savul. & Rayss; Bul. Grad. Bot. Univ. Cluj 5: 77 (1925 publ. 1926)
Distribution: Romania; Moldova
13 ROM 14 MLD
Remarks: Euphorbia agraria x salicifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×procopianii (Savul. & Rayss) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140(3-4): 175 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia ×pseudoesula Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 4: 66 (1853)
Distribution: England [I] (England [I]); Netherlands; Belgium; Germany (Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen); Austria; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania
10 grb 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN NET SLO 13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia cyparissias x esula
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ×figertii Dörfl.; Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 1902: no. 4295 (1902)
= Euphorbia ×figertii f. polyphylla (Schur) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 189 (1924)
= Euphorbia ×figertii f. pseudoesula (Schur) Hegi & Beger; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(1): 189 (1924)
= Tithymalus ×pseudoesula (Schur) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 9 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia ×pseudolucida Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 3: 124 (1852)
Distribution: Germany (Brandenburg); Czech Republic; Slovakia
11 CZE GER SLO
Remarks: Euphorbia esula ssp. tommasiniana x lucida
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia ×esulolucida Andrae; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 13: 914 (1855)
= Tithymalus ×pseudolucidus (Schur) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 9 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia ×pseudovillosa Prodan; Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Roman. (Fl. Republ. Socialist. Romania) 2: 674 (1953)
Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary; Bulgaria
11 HUN SLO 13 BUL
Remarks: Euphorbia esula ssp. tommasiniana x illirica ssp. illirica
species :
Euphorbia ×segobricensis Pérez Dacosta; Fl. Montiber. 84: 67 (2022)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Euphorbia segetalis x terracina
species :
Euphorbia ×sharmanii A.C.Leslie; Pl. Rev. 6(1): 63 (2024)
Distribution: Great Britain
10 GRB
species :
Euphorbia ×somboriensis Prodan; Bul. Acad. Stud. Agron. Cluj 1: 38 (1930)
Distribution: Bosnia & Hercegovina
13 BIH
Remarks: Euphorbia esula x nicaeensis ssp. glareosa
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×somboriensis (Prodan) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 9 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia ×sooi T.Simon; Borbásia 9: 94 (1949)
Distribution: Slovakia; Hungary
11 HUN SLO
Remarks: Euphorbia lucida x palustris
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×sooi (T.Simon) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 176 (1972)
species :
Euphorbia ×souliei Sennen; Treb. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 216 (1917)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Euphorbia amygdaloides x segetalis
species :
Euphorbia ×stenocalli Croizat; Webbia 27(1): 221 (1972)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: Euphorbia stenoclada x tirucalli
species :
Euphorbia ×uniflora Raf.; Med. Repos., Ser. 2, 5: 360 (1808)
Distribution: USA (New Jersey, Maryland, Delaware, Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Euphorbia corollata x ipecacuanhae
Synonyms: hidden
= Vallaris ×uniflora (Raf.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 115 (1838)
species :
Euphorbia ×vilafamensis Pérez Dacosta; Fl. Montiber. 54: 31 (2013)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Remarks: Euphorbia segetalis x serrata
species :
Euphorbia ×wagneri Soó; Bot. Közlem. 22: 67 (1925)
Distribution: Germany; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania
11 AUT GER HUN POL SLO 13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia esula x lucida
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×wagneri (Soó) Holub; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 12(4): 428 (1977)
species :
Euphorbia ×wimmeriana J.Wagner; Bot. Közlem. 20: 85 (1922 publ. 1923)
Distribution: Germany; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Romania
11 AUT GER HUN POL SLO 13 ROM
Remarks: Euphorbia cyparissias x lucidus
Synonyms: hidden
= Tithymalus ×wimmerianus (J.Wagner) Dostál; Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 9 (1984)
species :
Euphorbia ×zanaharensis Ursch & Leandri; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 5: 174 (1955)
Distribution: Madagascar (cult.)
29 MDG
species :
Euphorbia ×zhiguliensis (Prokh.) Prokh.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 14: 447 (1949)
Distribution: E-European Russia
14 RUS
Remarks: Euphorbia caesia x microcarpa
Synonyms: hidden
= Euphorbia graminifolia subsp. zhiguliensis (Prokh.) Oudejans; Phytologia 67(1): 45 (1989)
= Euphorbia virgata subsp. zhiguliensis (Prokh.) Prokh.
= Galarhoeus ×zhiguliensis Prokh.; Trudy Kuibyshevsk. Bot. Sada 1: 64 (1941)
= Tithymalus graminifolius subsp. zhiguliensis (Prokh.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148(3-4): 200 (1979 publ. 1980)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life