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237.0000 Family Fagaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 11, 12 (1829), nom. cons.
10 genera, ca. 920 spp.
Species listed in database: 930; hybrids: 204
= Castaneaceae Brenner; Florist. Handb. 167 (1886)
= Quercaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 525 (1820)
237.1001 Genus Fagus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 997 (1753)
Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, N-lran, continental China, Taiwan, Japan, E-USA to Mexico. Phylogeny of W-Eurasia: Denk et al. 2024
Species listed in database: 13
= Phegos St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 133 (1880)
species :
Fagus caspica Denk & G.W.Grimm; Willdenowia 54(2-3): 174 (2024)
Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); N-Iran (Gilan)
33 AZE 34 IRN
Remarks: previously included in F. hohenackeriana
species :
Fagus crenata Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 307 (1851)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus asiatica H.J.P.Winkl.; Pfl.-geogr. Stud. Buchwald. 5 (1901), nom. illeg.
= Fagus crenata var. grandifolia Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 17 (1928)
= Fagus crenata var. procera Blume; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1891)
= Fagus crenata var. undulata Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 307 (1851)
= Fagus ferruginea f. dentata Ettingsh.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 12, 16 (1894)
= Fagus ferruginea f. parvifolia Ettingsh.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 12, 16 (1894)
= Fagus ferruginea f. rosthornii Ettingsh.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 12, 16 (1894)
= Fagus ferruginea Siebold; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 12: 25 (1830), nomen
= Fagus japonica var. undulata (Blume) Koehne; Deut. Dendrol. 121 (1893)
= Fagus sieboldii Endl. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 118 (1864)
= Fagus sieboldii var. procera (Blume) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 118 (1864)
= Fagus sieboldii var. undulata (Blume) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 118 (1864)
= Fagus sylvatica var. sieboldii (Endl. ex A.DC.) Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 31: 101 (1886)
= Fagus winkleriana Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 95 (1916)
species :
Fagus engleriana Seemen ex Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 285 (1900)
Distribution: China (Anhui, N-Guangxi, S-Guizhou, Henan, NW-Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, E-Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus sylvatica var. chinensis Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 13: 201 (1899)
species :
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 1: 22 (1787)
subspecies :
subsp. grandifolia
Name: American beech
Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus alba Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 134 (1817)
= Fagus americana (Pers.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. [Sweet] 370 (1826)
= Fagus americana f. caroliniana (Loudon) Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 93 (1924)
= Fagus atropunicea Sudw.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 43 (1893), et U.S.D.A. Div. Forest. Bull. 17: 50 (1900)
= Fagus ferruginea Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 362 (1789)
= Fagus ferruginea var. caroliniana Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 3: 1980 (1838)
= Fagus grandifolia f. mollis Fernald & Rehder; Rhodora 9: 114 (1907)
= Fagus grandifolia f. pubescens Fernald & Rehder; Rhodora 9: 111 (1907)
= Fagus grandifolia var. caroliniana (Loudon) Fernald & Rehder; Rhodora 9: 114 (1907)
= Fagus grandifolia var. heterophylla Camp; Yearb. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1950: 166 (1951)
= Fagus heterophylla Raf.; Atlantic J. 22 (1833)
= Fagus latifolia L´Hér. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 624 (1841), pro syn.
= Fagus nigra Raf.; Atlantic J. 22 (1833)
= Fagus purpurea Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot. 214 (1804)
= Fagus rotundifolia Raf.; Herb. Raf. 1: 22 (1833)
= Fagus sylvatica var. americana Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 571 (1807)
= Fagus sylvatica var. atropunicea Marshall; Arbust. Amer. 46 (1785), nom. illeg.
= Fagus sylvatica var. ferruginea (Aiton) N.Coleman; Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Peninsula Michigan 35 (1874)
= Fagus sylvestris F.Michx.; Hist. Arbr. Forest. 2: 170 (1811)
= Fagus virginiana Wesm.; Actes Congrès Intern. Bot. Bruxelles 261 (1864)
subspecies :
subsp. mexicana (Martínez) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana (Martínez) Little; Castanea 30: 168 (1965)
= Fagus mexicana Martínez; Mexico Forest. 17: 66 (1939)
species :
Fagus hayatae Palib. ex Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 286 (1911)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
species :
Fagus hohenackeriana Palib.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 8: 378 (1908)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (NE-Anatolia)
33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus hohenackeri Palib. ex E.Wulff; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 5: 354 (1936)
= Fagus hohenackeri Palib. ex Grossh.; Trudy Bot. Sada S.S.R. Armen. 2 (Fl. Kavkaza 2): 21 (1930)
= Fagus macrophylla (Hohen. ex A.DC.) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 95 (1916), non Unger (1854)
= Fagus orientalis var. dentata V.V.Byalt & Firsov; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 45: 24 (2014)
= Fagus pyramidalis Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 15: 125 (1916)
= Fagus sieboldii var. asiatica (A.DC.) Koehne; Deut. Dendrol. 121 (1893)
= Fagus sieboldii var. macrophylla (Hohen. ex A.DC.) Koehne; Deut. Dendrol. 121 (1893)
= Fagus sylvatica var. asiatica A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 119 (1864) p. p.
= Fagus sylvatica var. macrophylla Hohen. ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 118 (1864)
species :
Fagus japonica Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 31: 101 (1887)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus japonica var. pleiosperma Hayashi; Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 107: 27, t. 1 (1958)
species :
Fagus lucida Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 3: 191 (1916)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus chienii W.C.Cheng; Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 70 (1935)
= Fagus lucida var. opienica Y.T.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 122 (1966)
= Fagus nayonica Y.T.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 123 (1966)
species :
Fagus multinervis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 103 (1918)
Distribution: South Korea (Ulleung Isl.)
38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus crenata var. multinervis (Nakai) T.B.Lee
= Fagus japonica var. multinervis (Nakai) Y.N.Lee; J. Korean Res. Inst. Better Living 10: 373 (1966)
= Fagus japonica var. multinervis (Nakai) Y.N.Lee ex Govaerts & Frodin; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Fagales 144 (1998)
species :
Fagus orientalis Lipsky; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 14: 300 (1898)
Name: Orient-Buche (DE)
Distribution: SE-Bulgaria; European Turkey; NE-Greece (incl. Athos); Turkey (W-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia)
13 BUL GRC TUE 34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus sylvatica subsp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 279 (1981)
species :
Fagus pashanica C.C.Yang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 100 (1978)
Distribution: China (Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus hayatae var. zhejiangensis M.C.Liu & M.H.Wu ex Y.T.Chang & C.C.Huang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26(2): 115 (1988)
= Fagus hayatae subsp. pashanica (C.C.Yang) R.Peter ex J.Q.Li; J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 16(3): 243 (1998)
species :
Fagus sinensis Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 20(1): 1936 (1890)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus bijiensis Y.T.Wei & Y.T.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 121 (1966)
= Fagus brevipetiolata Hu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 103 (1951)
= Fagus clavata Y.T.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 120 (1966)
= Fagus longipetiolata f. clavata (Y.T.Chang) Y.T.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26: 114 (1988)
= Fagus longipetiolata f. yunnanica Y.T.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 119 (1972)
= Fagus longipetiolata Seemen; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23(Beibl. 57): 56 (1897)
= Fagus sylvatica var. longipes Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 10: t. 1936 (1890)
= Fagus tientaiensis Liou; Contr. Inst. Bot. Natl. Acad. Peiping 3: 451 (1935)
species :
Fagus sylvatica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 998 (1753)
Name: Rotbuche (DE), European beech (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; European Turkey; N-Greece (mountains south to Mt. Pelion); S-European Russia; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; W-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; India [I] (Himachal Pradesh [I], Uttarakhand [I]); Java [I]; Canada [I] (Ontario [I]); USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Rhode Island [I], Utah [I]); Haiti [I]
10 DEN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 blr est KRY MLD RUS UKR 40 ind 42 jaw 72 cdn 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 81 his
Synonyms: hidden
= Castanea fagus Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 242 (1771), nom. superfl.
= Fagus aenea Dumort.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus aspleniifolia (Dum.Cours.) Raf.; New Fl. & Silva 3: 82 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Fagus cochleata (Dippel) Domin; Bull. Int. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Med. 33: 70 (1932)
= Fagus comptoniifolia Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 269 (1815), nomen
= Fagus crispa Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 52 (1892)
= Fagus cristuta Dumort.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus cucullata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 52 (1892)
= Fagus cuprea Herter ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus echinata Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 396 (1792), opus utique oppr.
= Fagus incisa Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1891), pro syn.
= Fagus laciniata A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 119 (1864), pro syn.
= Fagus pendula Dumort.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus purpurea (Aiton) Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 1: 282 (1811)
= Fagus purpurea unranked tricolor (Simon-Louis ex K.Koch) Pynaert; Nursery Cat. (Éd. Pynaert - Van Geert) 1886: 11 (1886)
= Fagus purpurea var. roseomarginata Cripps; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 12: 669 (1892)
= Fagus quercifolia Domin; Bull. Internat. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Méd. 33: 69 (1932)
= Fagus quercoides (Pers.) Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1891)
= Fagus salicifolia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus sylvatica nothosubsp. moesiaca (K.Malý) Geerinck; Taxonomania 18: 32 (2006), isonym
= Fagus sylvatica nothosubsp. moesiaca (K.Malý) Szafer; Polska Akad. Umiejetn. Rozpr. Wydz. Mat-Przyr., Dzial B, Nauki Biol. 71: 69 (1935)
= Fagus sylvatica proles tortuosa (Pépin) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 12: 307 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica unranked pendula (Dum.Cours.) Lodd.; Cat. Pl. [Loddiges], ed. 13: 23 (1823)
= Fagus sylvatica unranked pendula-purpurea Graebener; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 255 (1911)
= Fagus sylvatica unranked purpurea-latifolia Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 22 (1868)
= Fagus sylvatica unranked purpurea-pendula Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 71: 125 (1874), nomen
= Fagus sylvatica unranked remillyensis Simon-Louis; Cat. 1868/69: ? (1868)
= Fagus sylvatica unranked rohanii Körb.; Oesterr. Gartenkalend. 19: 1. März (1894)
= Fagus sylvatica unranked rotundifolia Jackman; Gard. Mag. (London) 37: 339 (1894)
= Fagus sylvatica f. albovariegata (Weston) Domin; Bull. Int. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Méd. 33: 71 (1932)
= Fagus sylvatica f. aspleniifolia (Dum.Cours.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 1: 153 (1904)
= Fagus sylvatica f. aspleniifolia (Lodd.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 206 (1918)
= Fagus sylvatica f. atropunicea (Weston) Domin; Bull. Int. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Méd. 33: 70 (1932)
= Fagus sylvatica f. aureovariegata C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 1: 154 (1904)
= Fagus sylvatica f. bornyensis Simon-Louis ex Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1910: 162 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica f. cochleata Dippel
= Fagus sylvatica f. cristata (Dum.Cours.) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 62 (1903)
= Fagus sylvatica f. dawycki Hesse; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 366 (1912)
= Fagus sylvatica f. dentata Dalla Torre & Sarnth.; Fl. Tirol [Dalla Torre & Sarnthein] 6(2): 59 (1909)
= Fagus sylvatica f. fastigiata Simon-Louis ex K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 17 (1873)
= Fagus sylvatica f. hartigii Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 98 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica f. heterophylla (Lodd.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 206 (1918)
= Fagus sylvatica f. laciniata (Vignet) Domin; Bull. Int. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Méd. 33: 69 (1932)
= Fagus sylvatica f. luteovariegata (Weston) Domin; Bull. Int. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Méd. 33: 71 (1932)
= Fagus sylvatica f. marmorata Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 98 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica f. moesiaca K.Malý; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 4: 438 (1911)
= Fagus sylvatica f. pendula (Dum.Cours.) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 61 (1903)
= Fagus sylvatica f. pendula Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 98 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea (Aiton) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 206 (1918)
= Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea (Aiton) Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 61 (1903)
= Fagus sylvatica f. purpureopendula (H.Jaeger) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 114 (1949)
= Fagus sylvatica f. quercifolia C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 1: 154 (1904)
= Fagus sylvatica f. quercoides (Pers.) Aug.DC.; Bull. Int. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Méd. 33: 67 (1932)
= Fagus sylvatica f. quercoides (Pers.) Henker; Fl. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [Fukarek & Henker] 92 (2006), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica f. quercoides Pers.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 5: 233 (1801)
= Fagus sylvatica f. retroflexa Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica f. rohanii (Körb.) C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 898 (1912)
= Fagus sylvatica f. roseomarginata (Cripps) Domin; Bull. Int. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Méd. 33: 71 (1932)
= Fagus sylvatica f. roseomarginatis Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 52 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica f. rotundifolia (Jackman) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 114 (1949)
= Fagus sylvatica f. salicifolia Dippel; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus sylvatica f. tortuosa (Pépin) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 3: 98 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica f. tricolor Simon-Louis ex K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 18 (1873)
= Fagus sylvatica f. zlatia (Späth ex E.Goeze) Geerinck; Taxonomania 18: 32 (2006)
= Fagus sylvatica subsp. moesiaca (K.Malý) Szafer; Polska Akad. Umiejetn. Rozpr. Wydz. Mat-Przyr., Dzial B, Nauki Biol. 71: 69 (1935)
= Fagus sylvatica subsp. orientaloides Jankovic; Fl. Srbije 2: 281 (1970), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica subsp. sanguinea (Rchb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 633 (1882)
= Fagus sylvatica var. aenea Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus sylvatica var. albovariegata Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 107 (1770)
= Fagus sylvatica var. aspleniifolia Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus sylvatica var. atropunicea Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 107 (1770)
= Fagus sylvatica var. cochleata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 52 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica var. colorata A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus sylvatica var. coriacea Wallr.; Sched. Crit. 494 (1822)
= Fagus sylvatica var. cristata Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus sylvatica var. foliis-striatis Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 52 (1891), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica var. grandidentata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica var. heterophylla Loudon; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon], new ed., Suppl. 2: 1692 (1855)
= Fagus sylvatica var. laciniata Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 176 (1831)
= Fagus sylvatica var. laciniata Vignet; Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1: 173 (1795)
= Fagus sylvatica var. latifolia Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 3: 1980 (1838)
= Fagus sylvatica var. luteovariegata Weston; Bot. Univ. 1: 107 (1770)
= Fagus sylvatica var. miltonensis A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 1: 10 (1906)
= Fagus sylvatica var. moesiaca K.Malý; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 4: 438 (1911)
= Fagus sylvatica var. pendula Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus sylvatica var. pendula Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 18(1): 42 (1900), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica var. podolica Zapal.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 7B(47B): 167 (1908)
= Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 362 (1789)
= Fagus sylvatica var. purpureopendula H.Jaeger; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. 225 (1865)
= Fagus sylvatica var. pyramidalis Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica var. quercifolia (C.K.Schneid.) Geerinck; Taxonomaniac 7: 4 (2002)
= Fagus sylvatica var. quercifolia Murr; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 18(1): 42 (1900), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica var. quercoides Pers.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 5: 233 (1801)
= Fagus sylvatica var. remillyensis (Simon-Louis) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 1: 10 (1906)
= Fagus sylvatica var. sanguinea Amo; Fl. Fan. Peníns. Ibérica 2: 75 (1871)
= Fagus sylvatica var. sanguinea Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 571 (1807)
= Fagus sylvatica var. suentelensis Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 31 (1903)
= Fagus sylvatica var. suntalensis Beissn.; Unknown Publ. 324 (1887)
= Fagus sylvatica var. tortuosa Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1892)
= Fagus sylvatica var. tortuosa Pépin; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 10: 84 (1861)
= Fagus sylvatica var. variegata Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 52 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica var. zlatia Späth ex E.Goeze; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 12: 669 (1892)
= Fagus sylvestris Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 182 (1788)
= Fagus tortuosa (Dippel) Domin; Bull. Int. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Med. 33: 72 (1932) (pro syn.)
= Fagus variegata A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus ×moesiaca (K.Malý) Czeczott; Roczn. Polsk. Towarz. Dendrol. 5: 52 (1933), isonym
= Fagus ×moesiaca (K.Malý) Domin; Bull. Internat. Acad. Tchéque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Méd. 33: 73 (1932)
= Fagus ×moesiaca f. leucodermis Korac; Naucni Skup. Od. Prír.-Mat. Nauka l(1): 33 (1974)
= Fagus ×moesiaca var. dawycki (Hesse) P.D.Sell; Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 685 (2018)
= Fagus ×taurica Popl.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 77: 41 (1928)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life