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V. 14.0
August 2nd, 2022

278.0000 Family Fagaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl.: 11, 12 (1829), nom. cons.
10 genera, ca. 920 spp.
Species listed in database: 927; hybrids: 180
= Castaneaceae Brenner, Florist. Handb.: 167 (1886)
= Quercaceae Martinov, Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 525 (1820)
278.1001 Genus Fagus L.; Sp. Pl. 997 (1753)
Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Asia Minor, N-lran, continental China, Taiwan, Japan, E-USA to Mexico
Species listed in database: 8; hybrids: 1
= Calucechinus Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne., Bot. Voy. Astrol. et Zel. 19 (1853)
= Calusparassus Hombr. & Jacquinot ex Decne., Bot. Voy. Astrol. et Zel. 20 (1853)
= Cliffortioides Dryand. ex Hook., Ic. Pl, t. 639 (1844)
= Lophozonia Turcz., Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. (1858) I. 396
= Myrtilloides Banks & Sol. ex Hook., Ic. Pl, t. 639 (1844)
= Phegos St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon, 7: 133 (1880)
species :
Fagus crenata Blume; Mus. Bot. 1: 307 (1851)
Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)
38 JAP
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus asiatica H.J.P.Winkl., Pfl.-geogr. Stud. Buchwald.: 5 (1901) (nom. illeg.)
= Fagus asiatica Koehne, Deut. Dendrol.: 121 (1893)
= Fagus ferruginea Siebold, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 12: 25 (1830)
= Fagus sieboldii Endl., Gen. Pl., Suppl. 4(Z): 29 (1847)
= Fagus sylvatica var. sieboldii (Endl.) Maxim.
= Fagus winkleriana Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 95 (1916)
species :
Fagus engleriana Seemen ex Diels; Engl. Jahrb. 29: 285 (1900)
Distribution: China (Anhui, N-Guangxi, S-Guizhou, Henan, NW-Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, E-Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea
36 CHI 38 KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus sylvatica var. chinensis Franch., J. Bot. (Morot) 13: 201 (1899)
= Fagus japonica var. multinervis (Nakai) Y.N.Lee ex Govaerts & Frodin, World Checklist Bibliogr. Fagales: 144 (1998)
= Fagus multinervis Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 103 (1918)
species :
Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. 1: 22 (1787)
subspecies :
subsp. grandifolia
Name: American beech
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus alba Raf., Fl. Ludov.: 134 (1817)
= Fagus americana Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 370 (1826)
= Fagus atropunicea Südw., Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 19: 43 (1893)
= Fagus atropunicea Südw., U. S. D. A. Div. Forest. Bull. 17: 50 (1900)
= Fagus ferruginea Dryand., Aiton, Hort. Kew. 3: 362 (1789)
= Fagus grandifolia f. pubescens Fernald & Rehder, Rhodora 9: 111 (1907)
= Fagus grandifolia var. atropunicea Weston
= Fagus grandifolia var. caroliniana (Loudon) Fernald & Rehder
= Fagus grandifolia var. heterophylla Camp, Yearb. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1950: 166 (1951)
= Fagus heterophylla Raf., Atlantic J.: 22 (1833)
= Fagus latifolia (Moench) L´Hér. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 624 (1840)
= Fagus nigra Raf., Atlantic J.: 22 (1833)
= Fagus purpurea Desf., Tabl. Ecole Bot.: 214 (1804)
= Fagus rotundifolia Raf., Atlantic J.: 22 (1833)
= Fagus sylvatica var. americana Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 571 (1807)
= Fagus sylvestris F.Michx., Hist. Arbr. Forest. 2: 170 (1811)
= Fagus virginiana Wesm., Bull. Congr. Bot. Bruxelles: 261 (1864)
subspecies :
subsp. mexicana (Martínez) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 6 (1983)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus mexicana Martínez, Mexico Forest. 17: 66 (1939)
= Fagus grandifolia var. mexicana (Martínez) Little, Castanea 30: 168 (1965)
species :
Fagus hayatae Palib. ex Hayata; Journ. Coll. Sc. Tokyo, 30: Art. 1, 286 (1911)
Distribution: Taiwan; China (Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang^)
36 CHI 38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus hayatae var. zhejiangensis M.C.Liu & M.H.Wu ex Y.T.Chang & C.C.Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26(2): 115 (1988)
= Fagus pashanica C.C.Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 100 (1978)
= Fagus hayatae ssp. pashanica (C.C.Yang) R.Peter ex J.Q.Li, J. Wuhan Bot. Res., 16(3): 243 (1998)
species :
Fagus japonica Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg 31: 101 (1887)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
species :
Fagus longipetiolata Seemen; Engl. Jahrb. 23: Beibl. 57: 56
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagas longipetiolata f. yunnanica Y.T.Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 119 (1972)
= Fagus bijiensis C.F.Wei & Y.T.Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 121 (1966)
= Fagus brevipetiolata Hu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 103 (1951)
= Fagus longipes (Oliv.) Lév.
= Fagus longipetiolata f. clavata (Chang) Chang
= Fagus sinensis Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1936 (1890)
= Fagus sylvatica var. bracteolis Oliv.
= Fagus sylvatica var. longipes Oliv., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 10: t. 1936 (1890)
= Fagus tientaiensis Liou, Contrib. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping, 3: 451 (1935)
form :
f. clavata (Y.T.Chang) Y.T.Chang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26(2): 114 (1988)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus clavata Y.T.Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 120 (1966)
species :
Fagus lucida Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Sarg. Pl. Wilson 3: 191 (1916)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus chienii W.C.Cheng, Contrib. Biol. Lab. Sc. Soc. China, Bot. Ser., 10: 70 (1935)
= Fagus nayonica Y.T.Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 123 (1966)
= Fagus lucida var. opienica Y.T.Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 11: 122 (1966)
species :
Fagus sylvatica L.; Sp. Pl. 998 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. sylvatica
Name: Rotbuche (DE), European beech (EN)
Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; England; Channel Isl. [I]; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; France; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Greece; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Spain; Hungary; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Serbia & Kosovo; Montenegro; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Norway; Poland; Romania; W-European Russia; S-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Belarus [I]; Estonia [I]; Sicily; Sweden; Ireland [I]; Java [I]; European Turkey; Haiti [I]; USA [I] (Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Rhode Island [I], Utah [I]); Canada [I] (Ontario [I])
10 DEN GRB ire NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 cis COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MNT ROM SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 blr est KRY RUS UKR 42 jaw 72 cdn 75 usa 76 usa 78 usa 81 his
Synonyms: hidden
= Castanea fagus Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 242 (1772)
= Fagus aenea Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus asplenifolia Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus aspleniifolia hort. ex Pers., 571 (1807), nom. inval.
= Fagus cochleata (Dippel) Domin, Bull. Int. Acad. Tcheque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Med. 33: 70 (1932)
= Fagus comptoniifolia Desf., Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 2: 269 (1815)
= Fagus crispa Hort. ex Dippel, Handb. Laubbolzk 2: 52 (1892)
= Fagus cristuta Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus cucullata Hort. ex Dippel, Handb. Laubbolzk 2: 52 (1892)
= Fagus cuprea Herter ex A.DC., A. DC., Prodr. 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus echinata Gilib., Excerc. Phyt. 2: 396 (1792)
= Fagus incisa Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1892)
= Fagus laciniata A.DC., A. DC., Prodr. 16(2): 119 (1864) (pro syn.)
= Fagus macrophylla Koidz., Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 30: 95 (1916)
= Fagus pendula Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus purpurea Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus quercifolia Hort. ex Domin, Bull. Internat. Acad. Sc., Prague, 33: 69 (1932)
= Fagus quercoides (Pers.) Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1891)
= Fagus salicifolia A.DC., A. DC., Prodr. 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus sunteliensis M.Goldschm., 118 (1913)
= Fagus sylvatica f. aspleniifolia (Lodd.) Lindm., 206 (1918)
= Fagus sylvatica f. cochleata Dippel
= Fagus sylvatica f. dentata Dalla Torre & Sarnth., 59 (1909)
= Fagus sylvatica f. hartigii hort. ex Hegi, 98 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica f. heterophylla (Lodd.) Lindm., 206 (1918)
= Fagus sylvatica f. laciniata (Perr.) Domin
= Fagus sylvatica f. marmorata hort. ex Hegi, 98 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica f. pendula (Perr.) Domin
= Fagus sylvatica f. pendula hort. ex Hegi, 98 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea (Aiton) C.K.Schneid.
= Fagus sylvatica f. purpurea (Aiton) Lindm., 206 (1918)
= Fagus sylvatica f. quercoides (Pers.) Henker, F. Fukarek & Henker, 92 (2006), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica f. quercoides Pers., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 5: 233 (1801)
= Fagus sylvatica f. tortuosa (hort. ex Dippel) Hegi, 98 (1910)
= Fagus sylvatica f. zlatia (Späth ex E.Goeze) Geerinck, Taxonomania 18:32 (2006)
= Fagus sylvatica nothossp. moesiaca (K.Malý) Szafer
= Fagus sylvatica nssp. moesiaca (K.Malý) Geerinck, Taxonomania 18:32 (2006)
= Fagus sylvatica ssp. moesiaca (K.Malý) Szafer, Polska Akad. Umiejetn. Rozpr., Wydz. Mat-Przyr., B, Nauki Biol. 71: 69 (1935)
= Fagus sylvatica var. aenea Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus sylvatica var. albovariegata Weston, Bot. Univ. 1: 107 (1770)
= Fagus sylvatica var. aspleniifolia Lodd.
= Fagus sylvatica var. atrorubens Du Roi ex Dippel, 52 (1892), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica var. chinensis Franch., J. Bot. (Morot) 13: 201 (1899)
= Fagus sylvatica var. cochleata Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 52 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica var. colorata A.DC., A. DC., Prodr. 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus sylvatica var. coriacea Wallr., Sched. Crit. 494 (1822)
= Fagus sylvatica var. cristata Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus sylvatica var. cristata Loudon, Encycl. Pl.: 1694 (1855)
= Fagus sylvatica var. foliis-striatis Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 52 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica var. grandidentata Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica var. heterophylla Loudon, Encycl. Pl.: 1692 (1855)
= Fagus sylvatica var. laciniata Rchb., 176 (1831)
= Fagus sylvatica var. laciniata Vignet, Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsatze 1: 173 (1795)
= Fagus sylvatica var. luteovariegata Weston, Bot. Univ. 1: 107 (1770)
= Fagus sylvatica var. miltonensis A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 10 (1906)
= Fagus sylvatica var. pendula Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult. ed. 2, 6: 415 (1811)
= Fagus sylvatica var. pendula Murr, 42 (1900), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica var. podolica Zapal., 167 (1907)
= Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea Aiton, 362 (1789)
= Fagus sylvatica var. purpureopendula H.Jaeger, Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. 225 (1865)
= Fagus sylvatica var. pyramidalis Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 51 (1891)
= Fagus sylvatica var. quercifolia (C.K.Schneid.) Geerinck, Taxonomaniac 7: 4 (2002)
= Fagus sylvatica var. quercifolia Murr, 42 (1900), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica var. quercoides Pers., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 5: 233 (1801)
= Fagus sylvatica var. sanguinea Pers., 571 (1807)
= Fagus sylvatica var. sieboldii (Endl. ex A.DC.) Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg sér. 3, 31: 101 (1886)
= Fagus sylvatica var. subcordata Murr, 194 (1900)
= Fagus sylvatica var. suentelensis Schelle, Handb. Laubholzben. 31 (1903)
= Fagus sylvatica var. suntalensis Beissn., Unknown Publ. 324 (1887)
= Fagus sylvatica var. tortuosa hort. ex Dippel, 51 (1892)
= Fagus sylvatica var. tortuosa Pépin, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 1861: 84 (1861)
= Fagus sylvatica var. variegata Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 52 (1891)
= Fagus sylvestris Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 182 (1788)
= Fagus tortuosa (Dippel) Domin, Bull. Int. Acad. Tcheque Sci., Cl. Sci. Math. Nat. Med. 33: 72 (1932) (pro syn.)
= Fagus variegata A.DC., A. DC., Prodr. 16(2): 119 (1864)
subspecies :
subsp. orientalis (Lipsky) Greuter & Burdet; Willdenowia 11: 279 (1981)
Name: Orient-Buche (DE)
Distribution: Bulgaria; Greece; Serbia & Kosovo; Germany [I]; European Russia; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Uzbekistan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); European Turkey; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan)
11 ger 13 BUL GRC SRB TUE 14 RUS 32 UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagas sylvatica var. asiatica A.DC., A. DC., Prodr. 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus hohenackeri Palib. ex E.Wulff, Kom., Fl. URSS, 5: 354 (1936)
= Fagus hohenackeri Palib. ex Grossh., Trudy Bot. Sada S. S. R. Armen. 2: 21 (1930)
= Fagus hohenackeriana Palib., Bull. Herb. Boiss., 11, 8: 378 (1908)
= Fagus macrophylla (Hohen. ex A.DC.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 95 (1916)
= Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 14: 300 (1898)
= Fagus sylvatica var. asiatica A.DC., Prodr. 16(2): 119 (1864)
= Fagus orientalis var. dentata V.V.Byalt & Firsov, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 45: 24 (2014)
= Fagus orientalis var. macrophylla Hohen. ex A.DC., 118 (1864)
= Fagus pyramidalis Litv., Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 15: 125 (1916)
= Fagus sylvatica var. macrophylla Hohen. ex A.DC., A. DC., Prodr. 16(2): 118 (1864)
species :
Fagus ×taurica Popl.; Österr. Bot. Z. 77: 41 (1928)
Distribution: Italy; Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece; Romania; etc.; Crimea
13 ALB BUL GRC ITA NMA ROM 14 KRY
Remarks: Fagus orientalis x Fagus sylvatica. Status doubtful, frequently treated as ssp. of F. sylvatica
Synonyms: hidden
= Fagus moesiaca (Maly) Domin, Bull. Internat. Acad. Sc., Prague, 33: 73
= Fagus moesiaca var. dawycki (Hesse) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 685 (2018)
= Fagus sylvatica ssp. moesiaca (K.Malý) Szafer
= Fagus sylvatica ssp. orientaloides Jankovic, Fl. SR Srbije 2: 281 (1970), nom. inval.
= Fagus sylvatica var. moesiaca K.Malý, Asch. & Gaertn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 4: 438 (1911)
= Fagus ×moesiaca (K.Malý) Czeczott, Ann. Soc. Dendrol. Pologne 5: 52 (1933)
= Fagus ×moesiaca f. leucodermis Korac [Naucni Skup.Odelje Prir.-Mat.Nauka l(1): 33 (1974)]
...
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 14.0 (August 2022)

Covering 355,099 valid species, 42,912 valid infraspecific taxa and 858,614 synonyms

Ferns, Lycophytes, Gymnosperms, Basal Angiosperms, Mono- and Dicotyledonae

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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Lilium philadelphicum (Liliaceae) (Photo: M. Hassler)