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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.6504 Genus Ferdinandusa Pohl; Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 2: 8, t. 106 ad 108 (1831)
Distribution: Panama, trop. S-America, Caribbean
Species listed in database: 24
= Aspidanthera Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 217 (1841)
= Ferdinandea Pohl; Flora 10: 153 (1827)
= Gomphosia Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 14 (Monogr. Cinch. 95, t. 26 B) (1848)
species :
Ferdinandusa boomii Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 339 (1988)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas: Sa. de la Neblina)
82 VEN
species :
Ferdinandusa chlorantha (Wedd.) Standl.; Trop. Woods, No. 34: 41 (1933)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá); Ecuador; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)
82 CLM 83 BOL ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ferdinandusa andina Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 78 (1854)
= Ferdinandusa paxii H.J.P.Winkl.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 249 (1909)
= Gomphosia chlorantha Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 14 (1848)
= Gomphosia laxiflora Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 232 (1853)
= Gomphosia longiflora var. laxiflora Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 232 (1853)
species :
Ferdinandusa cordata Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 258 (1922)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa dissimiliflora (Humb.) Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 22 (1930)
Distribution: Colombia (Caquetá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Valle, Vaupés)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Cinchona dissimiliflora Mutis ex Humb.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1: 120 (1807)
= Exostema dissimiliflorum (Mutis ex Humb.) Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 17 (1819)
= Gomphosia goudotiana Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 3, 10: 14 (1848)
= Ladenbergia dissimiliflora (Mutis ex Humb.) Klotzsch; Getreue Darstell. Gew. 14: t. 15 (1846)
= Macrocnemum dissimiliflorum (Mutis ex Humb.) Triana; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 2: 416 (1938)
species :
Ferdinandusa duckei Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 284 (1972)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
variant :
var. belemnensis Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 258 (1922)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa edmundoi Sucre; Rodriguésia 23-24: 15 (1962)
Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo)
84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa elliptica (Pohl) Pohl; Fl. Ecuador 50: 9 (1994)
Distribution: Ecuador; Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Tocantins); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás)
83 BOL ECU 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ferdinandea elliptica Pohl; Flora 10: 153 (1827)
= Ferdinandea ovalis Pohl; Flora 10: 153 (1827)
= Ferdinandusa elliptica var. belemnensis Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 258 (1922)
= Ferdinandusa ovalis (Pohl) Pohl; Pl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 2: 10 (1829)
species :
Ferdinandusa goudotiana K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 211 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guaviare, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana (Mt. Roraima); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM GUY VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ferdinandusa goudotiana var. eciliata Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 281 (1972)
= Ferdinandusa goudotiana var. psilocarpa Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 281 (1972)
species :
Ferdinandusa guainiae Spruce ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 208 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Guainía); Venezuela (Amazonas); Guyana; Ecuador; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM GUY VEN 83 ECU 84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa hirsuta Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 158 (1930)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM 84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa lanceolata K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 209 (1889)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa leucantha Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 190 (1940)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa loretensis Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 337 (1931)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Chocó, Guainía, Putumayo, Vaupés); Ecuador; Peru
82 CLM 83 ECU PER
species :
Ferdinandusa neblinensis Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 283 (1972)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas: Cerro Aracamuni)
82 VEN
species :
Ferdinandusa nitida Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 258 (1922)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa panamensis Standl. & L.O.Williams; Ceiba 3: 34 (1952)
Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Chocó, Valle)
80 COS NIC PAN 82 CLM
species :
Ferdinandusa paporiensis Suess.; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 7: 163 (1943)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa paraensis Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 259 (1922)
Distribution: Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Roraima, Pará, Amazonas)
82 FRG GUY SUR 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ferdinandusa paraensis var. palustris Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 259 (1922)
species :
Ferdinandusa rudgeoides (Benth.) Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 78 (1854)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guaviare); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; N-Brazil (Amazonas); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil
82 CLM FRG GUY SUR 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidanthera rudgeoides Benth.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 3: 217 (1841)
= Gomphosia longiflora Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 232 (1853)
= Gomphosia longiflora var. densiflora Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 232 (1853)
species :
Ferdinandusa scandens Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 3: 260 (1922)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa schultesii Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 279 (1972)
Distribution: Colombia
82 CLM
species :
Ferdinandusa speciosa (Pohl) Pohl; Pl. Bras. 2: 12 (1831)
Distribution: Bolivia (Beni); N-Brazil (Pará); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ferdinandea speciosa Pohl; Flora 10: 154 (1827)
= Ferdinandusa pubescens Wedd.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 1: 78 (1854)
= Ferdinandusa speciosa f. pubescens (Wedd.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 285 (1972)
= Ferdinandusa speciosa var. pubescens (Wedd.) Steyerm.; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 285 (1972)
species :
Ferdinandusa sprucei K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 216 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Caquetá, Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
species :
Ferdinandusa uapuensis Spruce ex K.Schum.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(6): 212 (1889)
Distribution: Colombia (Caquetá, Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life