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334.0000 Family Salicaceae Mirb.; Elém. Physiol. Vég. Bot. 2: 905 (1815), nom. cons.
55 genera, ca. 1400 spp. Contains major part of the former Flacourtiaceae (for the rest see for example Achariaceae)
Species listed in database: 1376; hybrids: 279
= Bembiciaceae R.C.Keating & Takht.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 81(2): 85 (1996)
= Flacourtiaceae Rich. ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 255 (1824), nom. cons.
= Homaliaceae R.Br.; Narr. Exped. Zaire [Tuckey] 438 (1818)
= Poliothyrsidaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxi (2001)
= Prockiaceae Bertuch; Taf. Allg. Naturgesch. Gewächs-Reich: Enum. 5, Syn. Tab. 3 (1801)
= Samydaceae Vent.; Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 1807(2): 149 (1808), nom. cons.
= Scyphostegiaceae Hutch.; Fam. Fl. Pl., Dicot., ed. 1: 229 (1926), nom. cons.
334.0192 Genus Flacourtia Comm. ex L´Hér.; Stirp. Nov. 59 (1785)
Distribution: Tropical and South Africa, Madagascar, Mascarene Is., S- and Southeast Asia, Malesia, N-Australia, Melanesia to Fiji
Species listed in database: 20
= Donzellia Ten.; Index Sem. (Naples, Neapolitano) 1839: 11 (1839)
= Rhamnopsis Rchb.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 188 (1828)
= Satania Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5, Art. 4: 3 (1790)
= Stigmarota Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 633 (1790)
= Thacombauia Seem.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 426 (1871)
species :
Flacourtia amalotricha A.C.Sm.; Pacific Sci. 25(4): 493 (1971)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
species :
Flacourtia cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 457 (1911)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Flacourtia degeneri A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 62 (1942)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
species :
Flacourtia helferi Gamble ex Ridl.; J. Bot. 74: 223 (1936)
Distribution: India (Assam); Myanmar (Taninthayi)
40 IND 41 MYA
species :
Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr.; Interpr. Herb. Amboin. 377 (1917)
Name: Ciruela de Madagascar; Governor´s plum, Madagascar plum
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; SW-Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; SW-Chad; South Sudan; Ethiopia; S-Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Madagascar; Comores; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Îles Glorieuses [I]; Aldabra [I] (Aldabra Isl. [I], Astove Isl. [I]); Seychelles [I]; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan); Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab, Murree, Mirpur); Nepal; India (widespread, incl. Jammu & Kashmir); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra (Bangka Isl.); Borneo; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro); Java (incl. Madura Isl.); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Leti Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Moorea [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Honduras [I]; Bahamas [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN TOG 23 BIO CAF CMN CON EQG GAB RWA SAO ZAI 24 CHA ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF 29 ald COM igl mau MDG reu sey 36 CHI 40 ban IND LDV NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY NWG PHI SUL SUM 61 sci 78 usa 80 hon 81 bah his jam pue trt vir 82 clm
Remarks: F. ramontchi is sometimes kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacourtia afra Pic.Serm.; Miss. Stud. Lago Tana 7: Ricerche Bot., Pt. 1, 97 (1951)
= Flacourtia balansae Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 521 (1908)
= Flacourtia cordifolia Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 73 (1814), nomen
= Flacourtia edulis Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 450 (1827)
= Flacourtia elliptica (Tul.) Warb.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] III, 6a: (1893) 43 (1893)
= Flacourtia flavescens Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 830 (1806)
= Flacourtia frondosa Clos; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 8: 217 (1857)
= Flacourtia gambecola Clos; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 8: 219 (1857)
= Flacourtia heterophylla Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 331 (1854 publ. 1855)
= Flacourtia hilsenbergii C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 441 (1845)
= Flacourtia hirtiuscula Oliv.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 1: 121 (1868)
= Flacourtia indica var. innocua (Haines) H.O.Saxena & Brahmam; Fl. Orissa 1: 79 (1994)
= Flacourtia kirkiana H.M.Gardner; Trees Shrubs Kenya Colony [Battiscombe] 21 (1936)
= Flacourtia kirkii Burtt Davy; Check-Lists For. Trees & Shrubs Brit. Emp. 2: 45 (1936), pro syn.
= Flacourtia lenis Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1916: 259 (1916)
= Flacourtia lucida Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 366 (1796)
= Flacourtia obcordata Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. (105) (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 835 (1832)
= Flacourtia parvifolia Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 6: 328 (1928 publ. 1930)
= Flacourtia perrottetiana Clos; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 8: 218 (1857)
= Flacourtia ramontchi L´Hér.; Stirp. Nov. 59, t. 30 (1786)
= Flacourtia ramontchi var. renvoizei Fosberg; Kew Bull. 29(2): 254 (1974)
= Flacourtia rotundifolia Clos; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 8: 218 (1857)
= Flacourtia rotundifolia Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 73 (1814), nomen
= Flacourtia sapida Roxb.; Pl. Coromandel 1: 49, t. 69 (1798)
= Flacourtia sepiaria Roxb.; Pl. Coromandel 1: 48, t. 68 (1798)
= Flacourtia sepiaria var. innocua Haines; Bot. Bihar Orissa 1-3: 36 (1925)
= Flacourtia thorelii Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 522 (1908)
= Gmelina indica Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] Prodr. Fl. Cap. 132, t. 39, f. 5 (1768)
= Gmelina javanica Christm.; Vollst. Pflanzensyst. 2: 134 (1777)
= Mespilus silvestris Burm.; (1855)
= Myroxylon dicline Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 813 (1837)
= Rhamnopsis sepiaria Rchb.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [H.G.L.Reichenbach] 188 (1828)
= Sideroxylon spinosum Willd.; (1797) non L.
= Stigmarota africana Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 633 (1790)
= Stigmarota edulis Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 560 (1845)
= Xylosma elliptica Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 9: 343 (1868) non (Clos) Hemsl.
species :
Flacourtia inermis Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 73 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 833 (1832)
Name: Louvi; Batoko plum
Distribution: India (Kerala, Maharashtra); Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Palau (Babeldaob); Honduras [I]; Puerto Rico [I]
40 ban IND srl 41 mya 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG SUL SUM 43 BIS 62 PLU 80 hon 81 pue
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacourtia quintuplinervis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 553 (1863)
variant :
var. moluccana Sleumer; Blumea 7: 493 (1954)
Distribution: Moluccas (Halmaheira, Morotai); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 MOL NWG
variant :
var. rindjanica (Slooten) Sleumer; Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermatoph. 5: 71 (1954)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Sumba)
42 LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacourtia rindjanica Slooten; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 7: 372 (1925)
= Flacourtia lanceolata Slooten; Bijdr. Combret. Flacourt. Ned.-Ind. 129 (1919) (non Merr. 1915)
species :
Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeusch.; Nomencl. Bot. [Raeuschel] ed. 3: 290 (1797)
Distribution: not known in the wild, possibly native in tropical Asia; Madagascar [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; China [I] (W-Guangxi [I], S-Hainan [I], S-Yunnan [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Nepal [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [I] (Uttar Pradesh [I], Bihar [I], West Bengal [I], Assam [I], Meghalaya [I], Manipur [I], Tripura [I], Odisha [I], Andhra Pradesh [I]); Bangladesh [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I] (Central Nicobar Isl. [I]); Myanmar [I] (Mandalay [I], Taninthayi [I], Yangon [I]); Thailand [I]; Laos [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; Sumatra [I]; Borneo [I]; Philippines [I] (Luzon [I]); Java [I]; Australia [I] (Queensland [I]); Fiji [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I]); Belize [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Panama [I]; Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Grenadines [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Grenada [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Venezuela [I]
29 mau mdg reu 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban bhu ind nep pak 41 cbd lao mya ncb tha vie 42 bor jaw mly phi sng sum 50 aus 60 fij 61 coo 80 blz nic pan 81 dom gdl gre mar mts stl stv trt 82 ven
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacourtia cataphracta Roxb. ex Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 830 (1806)
= Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 1, 1: 343 (1821), isonym
= Rumea jangomas (Lour.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 2: 632 (1825)
= Stigmarota jangomas Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 2: 634 (1790)
= Xylosma borneensis Ridl.; J. Bot. 74: 224 (1936)
species :
Flacourtia kinabaluensis Sleumer; Blumea 7: 493 (1954)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Flacourtia latifolia (Hook.f. & Thomson) Cooke; Fl. Bombay 1(1): 56 (1901)
Distribution: S-India (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacoutria ramontchii var. latifolia Hook.f. & Thomson; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 193 (1872)
= Myroxylon latifolium (Hook.f. & Thomson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 44 (1891)
= Xylosma latifolia Hook.f. & Thomson; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 2: 1: 194 (1872)
species :
Flacourtia mollipila Sleumer; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 45: 12 (1938)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
species :
Flacourtia mollis Hook.f. & Thomson; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 192 (1872)
Distribution: Myanmar (Kachin, Taninthayi)
41 MYA
species :
Flacourtia montana J.Graham; Cat. Pl. Bombay [Graham] 10 (1939)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); S-India (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Vietnam
36 CHI 40 IND 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacourtia inermis Miq. ex Hook.f. & Thomson; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 192 (1872)
species :
Flacourtia oppositifolia Gagnep.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 95: 28 (1948)-
Distribution: N-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi; Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. [Zollinger] 33 (1846)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Taiwan; India [c]; Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobar Isl.); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Polillo, Mindoro, Negros, Cebu, Dinagat, Mindanao, Basilan); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Niuatoputapu); Niue; Fiji [I]; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl.); American Samoa (Tutuila, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, ´Upolu, Savai´i); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga)
36 CHI 38 TAI 40 ind 41 LAO NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SNG SUL SUM 43 SOL 60 ASA fij NUE ROT SAM TON VAN WAL 61 COO
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacourtia cataphracta Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 55 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Flacourtia edulis Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 612 (1854), non Schumach.
= Flacourtia euphlebia Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 324 (1914)
= Flacourtia megaphylla Ridl.; J. Bot. 74: 223 (1936)
= Flacourtia peninsularis Elmer ex Merr.; Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 113 (1923), in obs., pro syn.
= Flacourtia sulcata Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 7: 2653 (1915)
= Hisingera grandifolia Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 332 (1854 publ. 1855)
variant :
var. micronesica Fosberg & Sachet; Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 45: 14 (1980)
Distribution: Wallis & Futuna; Palau (Koror, Ngarakabesang, Ulebsechel, Urukthapel, Peleliu, Angaur); Fed. States of Micronesia (Truk, Moen, Dublon, Tol, Fefan)
60 WAL 62 MIC PLU
species :
Flacourtia subintegra A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 61 (1942)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Xylosma archboldianum A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 61 (1942), et in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 546 (1943), descr. ampl.
species :
Flacourtia territorialis Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 33(1): 3 (1978)
Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory: near Darwin)
50 AUS
species :
Flacourtia tomentella Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 105 (1860)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacourtia sumatrana Planch. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 192 (1872)
species :
Flacourtia vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Sm.; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 102 (1945)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacourtia ovata Gillespie; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 83: 27 (1931)
= Thacombauia vitiensis Seem.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 426 (1871)
species :
Flacourtia vogelii Hook.f.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 220 (1849)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; SW-Chad
22 GHA IVO NGA SIE 23 CAF CMN GAB ZAI 24 CHA
species :
Flacourtia zippelii Slooten; Bijdr. Combret. Flacourt. Ned.-Ind. 128 (1919)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Philippines (Polillo, Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao, Dinagat); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok Isl., Sumbawa); Moluccas (Kei Isl., Banda Isl., Morotai); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Solomon Isl.
42 LSI MOL NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Flacourtia cerasifera Zippel ex Slooten; Bijdr. Combret. Flacourt. Ned.-Ind. 128 (1919)
= Flacourtia inermis var. glabra Boerl.; Cat. Pl. Phan. [Boerlage] 51 (1899)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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