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406.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
133 genera, ca. 1700-1800 spp. There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. The phylogeny is still somewhat in flux, but is getting more stabilized now. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1808; hybrids: 78
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
406.5501 Genus Frailea Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 208 (1922)
Distribution: E-Bolivia, S-Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, N Argentina
Species listed in database: 19
species :
Frailea alexandri Metzing; Bradleya 24: 124 (2006)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná)
84 BRA
species :
Frailea altasensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 126 (1997)
Distribution: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Remarks: status doubtful
species :
Frailea aureispina F.Ritter; Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 124 (1970), et Kakteen Südamerika 1: 209 (1979)
Distribution: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay
84 BRA 85 URU
Remarks: often believed to be a synonym of F. pygmaea, based on wrong identifications, but according to Hofacker et al. 2024 a distinct taxon
Synonyms: hidden
= Frailea aureispina var. pallidior F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 209 (1979)
= Frailea pygmaea subsp. aureispina (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131 (1995)
species :
Frailea buenekeri W.R.Abraham; Succulenta (Netherlands) 69(3): 64 (1990)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum buenekeri (W.R.Abraham) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
= Frailea buenekeri subsp. densispina Hofacker & K.Herm; Kakteen And. Sukk. 48(3): 61 (1997)
= Frailea buenekeri subsp. gemmrichii Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 54 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea buenekeri subsp. pygmaeoidea Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 55 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea densispina (Hofacker & K.Herm) N.Gerloff; Cactus & Co. 5(3): 142 (2001)
species :
Frailea castanea Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 248, 415 (1935)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Artigas, Rivera, Salto); Argentina (Entre Rios, Misiones)
84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum asterioides (Werderm.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
= Astrophytum castaneum (Backeb.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
= Astrophytum perumbilicatum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Echinocactus asterioides (Werderm.) Werderm.; Kakteensamen [Blossfeld] 11 (1938)
= Frailea asterioides var. backebergii F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 210 (1979)
= Frailea asterioides var. harmoniana F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 211 (1979)
= Frailea asteroides Werderm.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 6 (1937)
= Frailea castanea f. albiseta Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 216 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea castanea f. auricantha Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 216 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea castanea f. ferruginea Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 215 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea castanea subsp. harmoniana (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130 (1995)
= Frailea castanea subvar. spinosior (F.Ritter) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 214 (1997)
= Frailea castanea var. perumbilicata (F.Ritter) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 213 (1997)
= Frailea perumbilicata F.Ritter; Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 125 (1970), et Kakteen Südamerika 1: 206 (1979)
= Frailea perumbilicata var. spinosior F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 207 (1979)
species :
Frailea cataphracta (Dams) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 210 (1922)
Distribution: Bolivia; WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Cordillera); Argentina (Corrientes)
83 BOL 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum cataphractum (Dams) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
= Astrophytum matoanum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Astrophytum melitae (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Astrophytum uhligianum (Backeb.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 15 (2005)
= Echinocactus cataphractus Dams; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 172 (1904)
= Frailea cataphracta subsp. duchii (G.Moser) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130 (1995)
= Frailea cataphracta subsp. melitae (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130 (1995)
= Frailea cataphracta subsp. melitae (Buining & Brederoo) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 63 (1997), isonym
= Frailea cataphracta var. duchii G.Moser; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 32(4): 83 (1977)
= Frailea cataphractoides Backeb.; Kakteenlexikon 159 (1966)
= Frailea matoana Buining & Brederoo; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 43(4): 139 (1971)
= Frailea melitae Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 25(6): 121 (1974)
= Frailea schilinzkyana subsp. matoana (Buining & Brederoo) Berka; Kaktusy (Brno) 40(Special 1): 14 (2004)
= Frailea uhligiana Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 3: 6 (1963)
species :
Frailea chiquitana Cárdenas; Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 6: 8 (1951)
Distribution: Bolivia (Cordillera Prov., Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum chiquitanum (Cárdenas) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
= Astrophytum pullispinum (Backeb.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Frailea larae R.Vásquez; Revista Soc. Estud. Bot. 1(1): 5-8 (1994)
= Frailea pullispina Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 3: 6 (1963)
= Frailea pullispina var. atrispina Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 3: 6 (1963)
= Frailea pullispina var. centrispina Backeb.; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 3: 6 (1963)
species :
Frailea curvispina Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 50-51: CVIe (1972)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum curvispinum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
species :
Frailea diersiana Schädlich; Kakteen And. Sukk. 71(7): 180 (2020)
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz)
83 BOL
species :
Frailea erythracantha R.Pontes, A.S.Oliveira & Deble; Phytotaxa 369(3): 212 (2018)
Distribution: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Frailea gracillima (Lem.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 209 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. gracillima
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Artigas, Cerro Largo, Rivera); Argentina (Entre Rios)
84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum alacriportanum (Backeb. & Voll) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
= Astrophytum albifuscum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
= Astrophytum gracillimum (Lem.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
= Astrophytum lepidum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Astrophytum pseudogracillimum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Echinocactus gracillimus Monv. ex Lem.; Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov. 24 (1839)
= Frailea alacriportana Backeb. & Voll; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 9: 174 (1949)
= Frailea alacriportana subsp. feeburgii Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 116 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea alacriportana subsp. itapuensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 119 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea alacriportana subsp. longicylindrica Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 118 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea albifusca F.Ritter; Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 124 (1970), et Kakteen Südamerika 1: 202 (1979)
= Frailea gracillima f. lepida (Buining & Brederoo) Hofacker & Berka; Kaktusy (Brno) 40(Special 1): 15 (2004)
= Frailea gracillima subsp. alacriportana (Backeb. & Voll) N.Gerloff; Mitteilungsbl. Frailea 2(1): 15 (1997)
= Frailea gracillima subsp. albifusca (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130 (1995)
= Frailea gracillima subsp. luteiflora Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 111 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea lepida Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 54: CVIe (1973)
= Frailea pseudogracillima F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 201 (1979) (nom. nov.)
subspecies :
subsp. horstii (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130 (1995)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum horstii (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
= Frailea buiningiana f. gracilispina Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 135 (1997)
= Frailea buiningiana Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 133 (1997)
= Frailea gracillima var. fecotrigensis (Prestlé) Berka; Kaktusy (Brno) 40(Special 1): 15 (2004)
= Frailea horstii F.Ritter; Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 125 (1970), et Kakteen Südamerika 1: 202 (1979)
= Frailea horstii subsp. camaquaensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 132 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea horstii subsp. fecotrigensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 131 (1997)
= Frailea horstii subsp. nanus Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 130 (1997), anglice, without type
subspecies :
subsp. machadoi Hofacker, Olsthoorn & R.Pontes; Kakteen And. Sukk. 73(4): 98 (2022)
Distribution: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
species :
Frailea magnifica R.Pontes & Hofacker; Kakteen And. Sukk. 76(4): 100 (2025)
Distribution: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
species :
Frailea mammifera Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 50-51: CVIe (1972)
subspecies :
subsp. mammifera
Distribution: Bolivia (Santa Cruz); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
83 BOL 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum mammiferum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Frailea atrobella Diers, Krahn & R.Vásquez; Kakteen And. Sukk. 62(6): 156 (2011)
= Frailea magnifica Buining ex Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 56 (1997), nom. inval.
= Frailea mammifera subsp. robusta Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 51 (1997), anglice, without type
subspecies :
subsp. angelesiae R.Kiesling & Metzing; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 18 (2006)
Distribution: Argentina (Entre Rios)
85 ARG
species :
Frailea phaeodisca (Speg.) Backeb. & F.M.Knuth; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 250 (1936)
Distribution: Uruguay (Cerro Largo, Durazno, Lavalleja, Rivera, Tacuarembo)
85 URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum perbellum (Prestlé) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Astrophytum phaeodiscum (Speg.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (1905)
= Echinocactus pygmaeus var. phaeodiscus Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 497 (1905)
= Frailea perbella Prestlé; Succulenta (Netherlands) 59: 115 (1980)
= Frailea pygmaea var. phaeodisca (Speg.) Y.Itô; Cacti [Borg] 1952: 70 (1952)
species :
Frailea piltzii C.A.L.Bercht & Schädlich; Succulenta (Netherlands) 96(6): 254 (2017)
Distribution: Paraguay
85 PAR
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status not confirmed by molecular data
species :
Frailea pumila (Lem.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 209 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. pumila
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Paraguay (Alto Paraguay); Uruguay (Artigas, Rivera, Salto, Tacuarembo); Argentina (Entre Rios)
84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum albiareolatum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
= Astrophytum carminifilamentosum (Kilian) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
= Astrophytum chrysacanthum (Hrabe) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
= Astrophytum deminutum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
= Astrophytum knippelianum (Quehl) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Astrophytum pumilum (Lem.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Echinocactus knippelianus Quehl; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9 (1902)
= Echinocactus pumilus Lem.; Cact. Aliq. Nov. 21 (1838)
= Echinocactus pumilus var. gracillimus K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 394 (1898)
= Frailea albiareolata Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 53: CVIe (1973)
= Frailea carminifilamentosa f. winkelmanniana (Kilian) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 175 (1997), basionym not validly publ.
= Frailea carminifilamentosa Kilian; Descr. Cact. Nov. [Backeberg] 3: 6 (1963)
= Frailea carminifilamentosa subsp. dyntariana Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 175 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea carminifilamentosa subsp. ibicuiensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 178 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea carminifilamentosa subsp. itaquiensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 176 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea carminifilamentosa subsp. ustinaldensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 177 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea carminifilamentosa var. winkelmanniana Kilian ex Backeb.; Kakteenlexikon 159 (1966)
= Frailea chrysacantha Hrabe; Kaktusy (Brno) 65(Listopad-Prosinec): 131 (1965), et Succulenta 47: 140 (1968)
= Frailea deminuta Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 54: CVIe (1973)
= Frailea hlineckyana Cervinka; Frailea 1971(2): 13 (1971)
= Frailea jajoiana Cervinka; Frailea 1971(2): 13 (1971)
= Frailea knippeliana (Quehl) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 211 (1922)
= Frailea pumila subsp. albiareolata (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130 (1995)
= Frailea pumila subsp. albiareolata (Buining & Brederoo) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 166 (1997)
= Frailea pumila subsp. alegretensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 164 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. aquatica Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 170 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. aurantiaca Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 182 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. boosiana Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 183 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. chrysacantha (Hrabe) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 158 (1997), without full basionym ref.
= Frailea pumila subsp. concordiaensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 151 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. corrienta Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 181 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. deminuta (Buining & Brederoo) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 170 (1997)
= Frailea pumila subsp. editha Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 153 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. hlineckyana (Cervinka) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 159 (1997)
= Frailea pumila subsp. iguaraica Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 179 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. jajoana (Cervinka) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 160 (1997)
= Frailea pumila subsp. maior (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 130 (1995)
= Frailea pumila subsp. meseta Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 151 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. multiceps Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 167 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. necopina Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 173 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. neoeditha Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 154 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. pubispina Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 16,5 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. tenuissima Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 171 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila subsp. uruguayana Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 152 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila var. curvispina Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 180 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pumila var. maior F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 206 (1979)
subspecies :
subsp. colombiana (Werderm.) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 156 (1997)
Distribution: Colombia (Valle)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Frailea colombiana (Werderm.) Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. 7: 7 (1935), nomen, Backeb. in Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 248 (1935)
= Echinocactus colombianus Werderm.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 271 (1931)
species :
Frailea pygmaea (Speg.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 210 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. pygmaea
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul); Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Durazno, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rivera, Rio Negro, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo,Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Entre Rios)
84 BRA 85 ARG URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum asperispinum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
= Astrophytum aureinitens (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
= Astrophytum aureispinum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
= Astrophytum aureum (Backeb.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
= Astrophytum dadakii (Fric) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
= Astrophytum pseudopulcherrimum (Y.Itô) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Astrophytum pulcherrimum (Arechav.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Astrophytum pygmaeum (Speg.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Echinocactus dadakii Fric; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 31: 15 (1921)
= Echinocactus pulcherrimus Arechav.; Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 5: 222 (1905)
= Echinocactus pygmaeus Speg.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, Ser. 2, 11: 497 (1905)
= Frailea amerhauseri Prestlé; Succulenta (Netherlands) 81(3): 130-135 (2002)
= Frailea asperispina F.Ritter; Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 124 (1970), et Kakteen Südamerika 1: 208 (1979)
= Frailea aurea Backeb.; Kaktus-ABC [Backeberg & Knuth] 247 (1936)
= Frailea aureinitens Buining & Brederoo; Succulenta (Netherlands) 55: 62 (1976)
= Frailea dadakii (Fric) A.Berger; Kakteen [Berger] 341 (1929)
= Frailea pseudopulcherrima Y.Itô; Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae 294 (1957)
= Frailea pulcherrima (Arechav.) Speg.; Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 131 (1925)
= Frailea pygmaea subsp. altigibbera (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131 (1995)
= Frailea pygmaea subsp. asperispina (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131 (1995)
= Frailea pygmaea subsp. aureinitens (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131 (1995)
= Frailea pygmaea subsp. hyssooniana Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 83 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea subsp. lilalunula (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131 (1995)
= Frailea pygmaea subvar. cabucaensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 103 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea subvar. maldonadensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 76 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea subvar. mammilata Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 88 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea subvar. trainta Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 77 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea subvar. transqueraensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 78 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. aceguaensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 103 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. altigibbera F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 203 (1979)
= Frailea pygmaea var. applanata Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 81 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. argenta Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 87 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. atrofusca Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: 1660 (1959)
= Frailea pygmaea var. aurea (Backeb.) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: 1661 (1959)
= Frailea pygmaea var. auricantha Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 81 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. bagensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 102 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. carpinteria Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 78 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. castaneoidea Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 79 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. corallina Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 82 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. curvispina F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 204 (1979)
= Frailea pygmaea var. dadakii (Fric) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 3: 1660 (1959)
= Frailea pygmaea var. gemmrichii Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 98 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. gloriosa Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 79 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. insignia Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 91 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. krausiana Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 80 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. largoensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 77 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. lilalunula F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 203 (1979)
= Frailea pygmaea var. longispina F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 204 (1979)
= Frailea pygmaea var. maior F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 204 (1979)
= Frailea pygmaea var. mollispina-brunnea Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 99 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. montana Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 81 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. olimarensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 82 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. planicosta F.Ritter; Kakteen Südamerika 1: 204 (1979)
= Frailea pygmaea var. pulcherrima (Arechav.) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 84 (1997)
= Frailea pygmaea var. santanaensis Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 87 (1997), anglice, without type
= Frailea pygmaea var. viridilunula Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 97 (1997), anglice, without type
= Malacocarpus pulcherrimus (Arechav.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 194 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. albicolumnaris (F.Ritter) Hofacker; Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 11 (1998)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frailea albicolumnaris F.Ritter; Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 124 (1970), et Kakteen Südamerika 1: 207 (1979)
= Astrophytum albicolumnare (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 12 (2005)
subspecies :
subsp. fulviseta (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131 (1995)
Distribution: S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Frailea fulviseta Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen And. Sukk. 24(8): 170 (1973)
= Astrophytum fulvisetum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005)
subspecies :
subsp. tuyensis (Buining & G.Moser) Metzing; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 16 (2006)
Distribution: Paraguay
85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Frailea cataphracta var. tuyensis Buining & G.Moser; Succulenta (Netherlands) 50(4): 64 (1971), without type, et 50(7): 135 (1971), with type
= Frailea cataphracta var. tuyensis Buining & G.Moser; Succulenta (Netherlands) 50(4): 64 (1971) (without type)
= Frailea cataphracta subsp. tuyensis (Buining & G.Moser) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130 (1995)
species :
Frailea schilinzkyana (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 210 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. schilinzkyana
Distribution: Paraguay (Concepcion, Paraguari); Uruguay (Rio Negro); Argentina (Corrientes, Entre Rios, Misiones, Santa Fe)
85 ARG PAR URU
Synonyms: hidden
= Astrophytum friedrichii (Buining & G.Moser) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005), nom. inval. basionym without type
= Astrophytum grahlianum (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005), with incorrect basionym page
= Astrophytum ignacionense (Buining & G.Moser) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 13 (2005), nom. inval.
= Astrophytum moserianum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 14 (2005)
= Astrophytum schilinzkyanum (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Halda & Malina; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 12(1): 15 (2005)
= Cactus grahlianus (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Kuntze; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173 (1903)
= Cactus schilinzkyanus (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Kuntze; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173 (1903)
= Echinocactus grahlianus F.Haage ex K.Schum.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 54 (1899)
= Echinocactus grahlianus var. adustior Rolfe; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 156 (1904)
= Echinocactus schilinzkyanus F.Haage ex K.Schum.; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 108 (1897)
= Echinocactus schilinzkyanus var. grandiflorus F.Haage; Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 143 (1898)
= Frailea friedrichii Buining & G.Moser; Succulenta (Netherlands) 50: 25 (1971)
= Frailea grahliana (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 3: 209 (1922)
= Frailea grahliana subsp. moseriana (Buining & Brederoo) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 196 (1997)
= Frailea grahliana subsp. ybatensis (Buining & G.Moser) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 195 (1997)
= Frailea ignacionensis Buining & G.Moser; Succulenta (Netherlands) 50(4): 63 (1971), without type, et 50(7): 135 (1971), with type
= Frailea moseriana Buining & Brederoo; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 50-51: (1972)
= Frailea ybatensis Buining & G.Moser; Succulenta (Netherlands) 50(3): 46 (1971), without type, et Succulenta (Netherlands) 50(7): 135 (1971), with type
subspecies :
subsp. concepcionensis (Buining & G.Moser) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 131 (1995)
Distribution: Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul); Paraguay (Concepcion)
84 BRA 85 PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Frailea angelicana Diers & Schädlich; Kakteen And. Sukk. 64(8): 212, figs. (2013)
= Frailea concepcionensis Buining & G.Moser; Succulenta (Netherlands)50(3): 49 (1971), et 50(7): 135 (1971)
= Frailea concepcionensis Buining & G.Moser; Succulenta (Netherlands) 50(3): 49 (1971) (without type)
= Frailea grahliana subsp. concepcionensis (Buining & G.Moser) Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 190 (1997)
= Frailea schilinzkyana subsp. concepcionensis (Buining & G.Moser) P.J.Braun & Esteves; Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131 (1995)
species :
Frailea stockingeri Prestlé; Gattung Frailea 136 (1997)
Distribution: Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
84 BRA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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