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496.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6763; hybrids: 10
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
496.6222 Genus Gongronema (Endl.) Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 624 (1844)
Distribution: Tropical Old World. In strict sense only 4 species in India, Nepal and China. G. taylorii (African) will be transferred in a new genus.
Species listed in database: 8

Search for: Gongronema ventricosum-var.-bhutanicum

Nothing found!
species :
Gongronema gaudichaudii Warb.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 340 (1907)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Gongronema multibracteolatum P.T.Li & X.M.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 476 (1987)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
Remarks: Gongronema s. str.
species :
Gongronema napalense (Wall.) Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 624 (1844)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay, Taninthayi, Yangon); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN IND NEP 41 LAO MYA VIE
Remarks: Gongronema s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Gongronema columnare (Wall. ex Wight) Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 624 (1844)
= Gongronema napalense var. sagittatum (Wall.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 33 (1883)
= Gongronema sagittatum (Wall.) Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 624 (1844)
= Gymnema columnare Wall. ex Wight; Contr. Bot. India [Wight] 46 (1834)
= Gymnema napalense Wall.; Tent. Fl. Napal. 50, t. 38 (1826)
= Gymnema sagittatum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8194 (1847)
species :
Gongronema sasidharanii Robi, Salish & V.K.Sreenivas; Nordic J. Bot. 2024(10)-e04377: 4 (2024)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Gongronema taylorii (Schltr. & Rendle) Bullock; Kew Bull. 15: 201 (1961)
Distribution: SE-Tanzania; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ ZIM
Remarks: this species requires a new, undescribed genus fide Liede et al. 2022. M. cynanchoides is most likely a separate species.
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia taylorii Schltr. & Rendle; J. Bot. 34: 100 (1896)
= Marsdenia cynanchoides Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 53 (1905)
species :
Gongronema thomsonii (Hook.f.) K.M.Matthew; Kew Bull. 34(1): 68 (1979)
Distribution: India (Sikkim, West Bengal)
40 IND
Remarks: Gongronema s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnema thomsonii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 32 (1883)
species :
Gongronema ventricosum Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 34 (1883)
Distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya)
40 IND
Remarks: Gongronema s. str.
variant :
var. bhutanicum H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 45: 194 (1970)
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 BHU IND
species :
Gongronema wrayi King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(3): 543 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak)
42 MLY
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.05 (May 20th, 2026)

Covering 359,646 accepted species,
8,890 hybrids, 47,679 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,012,517 synonyms,
in total 1,428,732* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life