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511.0000 Family Acanthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 102 (1789) (´Acanthi´), nom. cons.
ca. 192 genera, ca. 5500 spp. Phylogeny: Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022
Species listed in database: 5554
= Avicenniaceae Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 353 (1845), nom. cons.
= Justiciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 60 (1838)
= Mendonciaceae Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 56: 540 (1954)
= Meyeniaceae Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Thunbergiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
511.5033 Genus Graptophyllum Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 76, 102 (1832)
Distribution: New Guinea (1), Australia, New Caledonia (4), Melanesia and Polynesia
Species listed in database: 15
= Earlia F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 3: 159 (1863)
= Marama Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 62 (1836)
species :
Graptophyllum balansae H.Heine; Fl. Nouv.-Calédonie & Dépend. 7: 21 (1976)
Distribution: New Caledonia (C-New Caledonia)
60 NWC
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Graptophyllum excelsum (F.Muell.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 625 (1916 publ. 1917)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Earlia excelsa F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 3: 160 (1863)
= Graptophyllum earlii F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 6: 87 (1867), nom. illeg.
= Thyrsacanthus earlii F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 6: 87 (1868)
species :
Graptophyllum gilliganii (F.M.Bailey) S.Moore; J. Bot. 58: 80 (1920)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia gilliganii F.M.Bailey; Queensland Agric. J. 3: 157 (1898)
species :
Graptophyllum glandulosum Turrill; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 331 (1912)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon
22 NGA 23 CMN
species :
Graptophyllum ilicifolium (F.Muell.) Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 4: 552 (1868)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Graptophyllum earlii var. ilicifolium F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 6: 87 (1867)
species :
Graptophyllum insularum (A.Gray) A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 118 (1942)
Distribution: New Guinea [c]; Tonga (´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u); Fiji
42 nwg 60 FIJ TON
Synonyms: hidden
= Eranthemum insularum A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 349 (1861 publ. 1862)
= Graptophyllum siphonostenum F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 6: 87 (1868)
species :
Graptophyllum macrostemon H.Heine; Fl. Nouv.-Calédonie & Dépend. 7: 22 (1976)
Distribution: New Caledonia (NW-New Caledonia)
60 NWC
species :
Graptophyllum ophiolithicum H.Heine; Fl. Nouv.-Calédonie & Dépend. 7: 27 (1976)
Distribution: New Caledonia (NW-New Caledonia)
60 NWC
Conservation Status: IUCN V
species :
Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 139 (1854)
Name: Caricature Plant
Distribution: Guinea [I]; Sierra Leone [I]; Ghana [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; Zambia [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; India [I] (throughout); Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Myanmar [I]; Vietnam [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [I] (Bali [I]); Moluccas [I]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl. [I]; Australia (Queensland); New Caledonia [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Tonga [I]; Niue [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Fiji [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I]); N-Line Isl. [I] (Palmyra Atoll [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (widespread); Society Isl. [I] (Maupiti [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Takapoto Atoll [I], Makatea Isl. [I]); Palau [I] (Koror [I], Truk [I], Moen [I], Lukunor [I], Satawan [I], Nukuoro [I], Pohnpei [I]); Northern Marianas [I] (Tinian [I]); Guam [I]; Marshall Isl. [I] (Likiep [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. Croix [I], St. Thomas [I]); St. Kitts [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; San Andres y Providencia [I] (San Andres [I]); Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Bolivia [I]
22 gha gui sie 23 bio cmn 26 zam zim 29 mau reu 40 ban ind srl 41 and mya vie 42 jaw lsi mol NWG phi 43 sol 50 AUS 60 fij nue nwc rot sam ton van 61 coo lin sci tua 62 gum mrn mrs plu 78 usa 80 cos hon nic pan 81 bbd cub gdl his jam mar pue stk stl stv trt ven vir 82 ven 83 bol ecu
Synonyms: hidden
= Graptophyllum hortense Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 102 (1832), nom. illeg.
= Graptophyllum hortense var. luridosanguineum (Sims) Chitt.; Roy. Hort. Soc. Dict. Gard. 2: 921 (1951)
= Graptophyllum hortense var. rubrum Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 150 (1844)
= Graptophyllum hortense var. viride Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 150 (1844)
= Graptophyllum nortonii Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 78: 13 (1879)
= Graptophyllum pictum var. album Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 784 (1826)
= Graptophyllum pictum var. luridosanguineum (Sims) Bremek. & Backer; Bekn. Fl. Java 9B: 71 (1949)
= Graptophyllum pictum var. luridosanguineum (Sims) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 4A: 43 (2003), isonym
= Graptophyllum pictum var. viride (Hassk.) Bremek. & Backer; Bekn. Fl. Java 9B: 71 (1949)
= Graptophyllum picturatum W.Bull; Cat. New Beautiful Rare Pl. [W.Bull] 1895: 7 (1895)
= Graptophyllum versicolor Veitch ex J.Dix; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 716 (1861)
= Justicia carayana F.Newman ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 328 (1847)
= Justicia ecbolium Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 13 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Justicia klotzschiana Hoffm. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 328 (1847)
= Justicia nitida Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 328 (1847)
= Justicia picta L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 21 (1762)
= Justicia picta var. luridosanguinea Sims; Bot. Mag. 44: t. 1870 (1816)
= Justicia violacea Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 18 (1790), nomen
= Marama picta (L.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 62 (1836)
species :
Graptophyllum pubiflorum S.Moore; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 9: 135 (1916)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Graptophyllum repandum (A.Gray) A.C.Sm.; Fl. Vit. Nova 5: 130 (1991)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
Synonyms: hidden
= Calophanes repandus (A.Gray) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Drake; Ill. Fl. Ins. Pacif. 257 (1892)
= Chaetacanthus repandus A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 349 (1861 publ. 1862)
= Dyschoriste repanda (A.Gray) A.C.Sm.; Sargentia 1: 117 (1942)
species :
Graptophyllum reticulatum A.R.Bean & Sharpe; Austrobaileya 3(3): 550 (1991)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
Conservation Status: IUCN E
species :
Graptophyllum sessilifolium A.C.Sm.; J. Arnold Arbor. 33: 117 (1952)
Distribution: Fiji (type only)
60 FIJ
species :
Graptophyllum spinigerum F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 11: 17 (1878)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Australia (Queensland)
42 NWG 50 AUS
species :
Graptophyllum thorogoodii C.T.White; Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 50: 83 (1938 publ. 1939)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life