511.0000
Family
Acanthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 102 (1789) (´Acanthi´), nom. cons.
ca. 192 genera, ca. 5500 spp. Phylogeny: Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022
Species listed in database: 5526
= Avicenniaceae Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 353 (1845), nom. cons.
= Justiciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 60 (1838)
= Mendonciaceae Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 56: 540 (1954)
= Meyeniaceae Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Thunbergiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
511.4506
Genus
Gymnostachyum Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 76 (1832)
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka, S-China, Indochina, Java, Philippines. The genus contains quite a number of species with uncertain status.
Species listed in database: 53
= Cryptophragmium Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 76 et 94 (1832)
= Odontostigma Zoll. & Moritzi; Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2: 573 (1845)
= Parajusticia Benoist; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 756 (1935), et Notul. Syst. (Paris) 5: 128 (1936), descr.
= Petracanthus Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 97 (1847)
= Sarcanthera Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 64 (1836)
species :
Gymnostachyum affine
Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 94 (1847)
Distribution: Vietnam; Philippines (Samar, Luzon, Basilan, Mindanao)
41 VIE 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium affine (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
= Cryptophragmium affine var. testudium Benoist; Notul. Syst. (Paris) ? (1934)
species :
Gymnostachyum calcicola
Rafidah; PhytoKeys 242: 274 (2024)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum ceylanicum
Arn. & Nees; Compan. Bot. Mag. 2: 311 (1836)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka; peninsular Malaysia [I] (Langkawi Isl. [I])
40 IND SRL 42 mly
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium ceylanicum (Arn. & Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
species :
Gymnostachyum coriaceum
J.B.Imlay; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 128 (1939)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Gymnostachyum cumingianum
Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 94 (1847)
Distribution: ?Borneo; Philippines (Luzon); Java
42 JAW PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium cumingianum (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
= Petracanthus junghuhnii Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 98 (1847)
species :
Gymnostachyum decurrens
Stapf; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 357 (1894)
Distribution: Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (scattered)
41 THA 42 MLY
variant :
var. robinsonii
(Ridl.) J.B.Imlay; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 127 (1939)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (once from P. Datang Bunting: Langkawi)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnostachyum robinsonii Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 86: 305 (1922)
species :
Gymnostachyum diversifolium
C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 662 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl., Kelantan, Perak)
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum febrifugum
Benth.; Flora 32: 558 (1849)
Distribution: S-India (Karnataka, Kerala)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium febrifugum (Benth.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
= Gymnostachyum alatum Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: t. 1484 (1849)
= Gymnostachyum febrifugum var. bracteatum V.S.Ramach.; Fl. Cannanore 336 (1988)
species :
Gymnostachyum glabrum
(Dalzell) T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 506 (1867)
Distribution: India (Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium glabrum Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 338 (1850)
= Gymnostachyum glabrum var. denticulatum C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 509 (1884)
species :
Gymnostachyum glomeratum
(Blume) Bremek.; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45(2): 22 (1948), cum descr. ampl.
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia glomerata Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 786 (1826)
species :
Gymnostachyum glomeruliflorum
Bremek.; Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 211 (1965)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Conservation Status: IUCN R
species :
Gymnostachyum gracile
Bremek.; Dansk Bot. Ark. 20: 77 (1961)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Gymnostachyum hirsutum
T.Anderson; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 233 (1860)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium hirsutum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
species :
Gymnostachyum hirtistylum
C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 663 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (once from Perak)
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum hirtum
Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 474 (1926)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum insulare
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 57 (1912)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl.)
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum javanicum
Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 93 (1847)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
species :
Gymnostachyum kanthanense
Kiew; Phytotaxa 177(3): 147 (2014)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum keithii
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59: 150 (1911)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum langbianense
Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 603 (1934)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium langbianense Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 603 (1934)
species :
Gymnostachyum larsenii
Bremek.; Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 211 (1965)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Gymnostachyum lateriflorum
(C.B.Clarke) B.Hansen; Nordic J. Bot. 5(4): 356 (1985)
Distribution: India (Manipur)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Eranthemum lateriflorum C.B.Clarke; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 55 t. 27 (1889)
species :
Gymnostachyum latifolium
(Dalzell) T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 505 (1867)
Distribution: S-India (Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium latifolium Dalzell; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 137 (1850)
= Phlogacanthus latifolius (Dalzell) Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: t. 1537 (1850)
= Gymnostachyum latifolium var. decurrens Gamble; Fl. Madras 2: 1053 (1924)
species :
Gymnostachyum leptostachyum
Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 106 (1832)
Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi)
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium leptostachyum Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
= Justicia leptostachya Wall. ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 435 (1847)
species :
Gymnostachyum listeri
Prain; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 69: 171 (1900)
Distribution: Bangladesh; Vietnam
40 BAN 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium tonkinense Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 603 (1934)
= Parajusticia petelotii Benoist; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 756 (1935), et Notul. Syst. (Paris) 5: 128 (1936), latine
species :
Gymnostachyum longispicatum
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 314 (1920 publ. 1921)
Distribution: Philippines (Siargao)
42 PHI
species :
Gymnostachyum magis-nervatum
C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 663 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Larut, Perak)
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum mundanthuraiense
K.M.P.Kumar & Diksha; Taiwania 70(1): 55 (2025)
Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Gymnostachyum pallens
C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 662 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak)
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum paniculatum
T.Anderson; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 232 (1860)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium paniculatum (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
species :
Gymnostachyum pictum
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1701 (1913)
Distribution: Palawan
42 PLW
Conservation Status: IUCN I
species :
Gymnostachyum pierrei
Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 604 (1934)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Gymnostachyum polyanthum
Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: t. 1494 (1849)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium polyanthum (Wight) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
species :
Gymnostachyum polyneuron
C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 74: 662 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum pubescens
(Lam.) M.R.Almeida; Fl. Maharashtra 4A: 45 (2003)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium canescens Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3 100 (1832)
= Cryptophragmium serrulatum (B.Heyne ex Wall.) Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 95 (1847)
= Gymnostachyum canescens (Nees) T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 505 (1867)
= Gymnostachyum canescens var. longifolium C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 509 (1884)
= Gymnostachyum serrulatum (B.Heyne ex Wall.) T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 505 (1867)
= Justicia pubescens Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 40 (1791)
= Justicia serrulata B.Heyne ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2452 (1830)
species :
Gymnostachyum ridleyi
C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 664 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Selangor)
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum sahyadricum
C.N.Mohanan, Remadevi & Binojk.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 26(1): 38 (2002)
Distribution: India (Kerala: Chokkampatty Hills)
40 IND
species :
Gymnostachyum sanguinolentum
(Nees) T.Anderson; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 232 (1860)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium sanguinolentum Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 96 (1847)
species :
Gymnostachyum scortechinii
C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 664 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak)
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum signatum
(Benoist) J.B.Imlay; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 128 (1939)
Distribution: Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium signatum Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 602 (1934)
species :
Gymnostachyum simplicicaule
C.B.Clarke; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74(2): 663 (1908)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Sg Raya, Perak)
42 MLY
species :
Gymnostachyum sinense
(Lo) H.Zhu; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 11(1): 48 (1991)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Andrographis sinensis H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 1(4): 103 (1981)
species :
Gymnostachyum spiciforme
(Elmer) Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 314 (1920 publ. 1921)
Distribution: Philippines (Leyte)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia spiciformis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 349 (1908)
species :
Gymnostachyum subacaule
(Zoll. & Moritzi) Bremek.; Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45(2): 21 (1948)
Distribution: Java
42 JAW
Synonyms: hidden
= Odontostigma subacaule Zoll. & Moritzi; Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2: 573 (1845)
species :
Gymnostachyum subrosulatum
H.S.Lo; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(4): 86 (1979)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnostachyum kwangsiense H.S.Lo; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(4): 86 (1979)
species :
Gymnostachyum thorelii
Benoist; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 604 (1934)
Distribution: Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO VIE
species :
Gymnostachyum thwaitesii
T.Anderson; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 232 (1860)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Conservation Status: IUCN I
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium thwaitesii (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
species :
Gymnostachyum trichosepalum
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 27: 54 (1921 publ. 1925)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Gymnostachyum triflorum
Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 8(4): 72 (1917)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
species :
Gymnostachyum trilobum
Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: IV. 106 (1920)
Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi); peninsular Thailand
41 MYA THA
species :
Gymnostachyum variegatum
Hallier f.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 70: 209 (1897)
Distribution: Sumatra
42 SUM
species :
Gymnostachyum venustum
(Wall. ex Nees) T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 506 (1867)
Distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Cryptophragmium tomentosum (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483 (1891)
= Cryptophragmium venustum (Wall.) Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 100 (1832)
= Gymnostachyum tomentosum T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 505 (1867)
= Justicia amabilis Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich], Suppl. 71 (1829), nom. inval.
= Justicia venusta Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 1: 53, t. 66 (1829)
= Sarcanthera venusta (Wall.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 64 (1836)
species :
Gymnostachyum warrierianum
K.M.P.Kumar, Balach. & V.B.Sreek.; Kew Bull. 70(3)-40: 2 (2015)
Distribution: India (Kerala: Aralam forest, Kannur District)
40 IND
