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386.0000 Family Amaranthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 87 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 185 genera, ca. 2300 spp. According to many modern authors and all PCR results Chenopodiaceae is only a subfamily or section of Amaranthaceae.
Species listed in database: 2308; hybrids: 76
= Achyranthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 35 (1837)
= Atriplicaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 83 (1789)
= Betaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 591, 1091, 1142 (1835)
= Blitaceae Kuntze; Lex. Gen. Phan. [Post & Kuntze] 637, 710 (1903)
= Celosiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 117 (1820)
= Chenopodiaceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 2: 253 (1799), nom. cons., Family
= Deeringiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 369 (1858)
= Dysphaniaceae Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 230 (1927), nom. cons.
= Gomphrenaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 38 (1837)
= Polycnemaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 161 (1839)
= Salicorniaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 558 (1820)
= Salsolaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 165 (1839)
= Spinaciaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 166 (1839)
386.7204 Genus Halothamnus Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 50 (1845)
Distribution: Northeast Africa, Arabia, Asia Minor to NW-China
Species listed in database: 21
= Aellenia Ulbr.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 567 (1934)
species :
Halothamnus afghanicus Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 84 (1993)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Kabul, Nangarhar)
34 AFG
species :
Halothamnus auriculus (Moq.) Botsch.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(1): 134 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. auriculus
Distribution: Kazakhstan; S-Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Helmand, Herat, Kandahar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Qunduz, Samangan, Takhar)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia auricula (Moq.) Ulbr.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 567 (1934)
= Caroxylon auricula (Moq.) Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 172 (1849)
= Halothamnus auriculus var. latifolius Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 74 (1993)
= Salsola auricula Moq.; Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 135 (1840)
variant :
var. moquinianus (Jaub. & Spach) Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 38: 340 (2001)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran
32 TKM 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus moquinianus (Jaub. & Spach) Botsch.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66(1): 133 (1981)
= Salsola moquiniana Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 52 (1845)
subspecies :
subsp. acutifolius (Moq.) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 74 (1993)
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Kyrgyzstan; Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Kandahar); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
32 KGZ TKM 34 AFG IRN ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 SAU 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia auricula var. acutifolia (Moq.) Ulbr.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 567 (1934)
= Caroxylon acutifolium (Moq.) Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 173 (1849)
= Halothamnus acutifolius (Moq.) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 172 (1981), nom. superfl.
= Salsola auricula var. acutifolia Moq.; Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 136 (1840)
= Salsola decurrens Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 53. t. 138 (1846)
species :
Halothamnus bamianicus (Gilli) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 173 (1981)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Salsola bamianica Gilli; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 62: 24 (1959)
variant :
var. hispidulus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 174 (1981)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan)
34 AFG
species :
Halothamnus beckettii Botsch.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 67(4): 545 (1982)
Distribution: NE-Somalia
24 SOM
species :
Halothamnus bottae Jaub. & Spach; Ill. Pl. Orient. 2: 50. t. 136 (1846)
subspecies :
subsp. bottae
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert, Hejaz); United Arab Emirates; Oman (Dhofar, Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, coastal Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen)
35 OMA SAU UAE YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Salsola bottae (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 964 (1879)
= Caroxylon bottae (Jaub. & Spach) Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 178 (1849)
subspecies :
subsp. niger Kothe-Heinr.; Fl. Veg. Mundi 9: 46 (1991)
Distribution: Oman; S-Yemen
35 OMA YEM
species :
Halothamnus cinerascens (Moq.) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 93 (1993)
subspecies :
subsp. cinerascens
Distribution: Iran (N-Iran, W-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia glauca subsp. cinerascens (Moq.) Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 187 (1950)
= Aellenia glauca var. brachyphylla Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 188 (1950)
= Aellenia glauca var. gypsicola Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 188 (1950)
= Aellenia manoutcheri Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 191 (1950)
= Caroxylon glaucum var. cinerascens (Moq.) Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 173 (1849)
= Halothamnus cinerascens var. glaber (Aellen) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 99 (1993)
= Halothamnus cinerascens var. hispidulus Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 98 (1993)
= Halothamnus glaucus subsp. cinerascens (Moq.) Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 38: 335 (2001)
= Salsola brachyphylla Boiss. & Hausskn.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 959 (1879) (non Spreng.)
= Salsola glauca var. cinerascens Moq.; Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 180 (1840)
subspecies :
subsp. vestitus (Aellen) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 98 (1993)
Distribution: Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia glauca subsp. vestita Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 184 (1950)
= Aellenia glauca var. pilosa Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 185 (1950)
= Aellenia glauca var. pycnophylla Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 185 (1950)
= Halothamnus acutifolius var. pilosus (Aellen) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 173 (1981)
= Halothamnus glaucus subsp. vestitus (Aellen) Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 38: 336 (2001)
species :
Halothamnus ferganensis Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 162 (1981)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan
32 KGZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus ferganensis var. hispidulus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 163 (1981)
species :
Halothamnus glaucus (M.Bieb.) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 157 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. glaucus
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iraq (NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Kuwait; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR 35 KUW 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia glauca (M.Bieb.) Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 182 (1950)
= Aellenia glauca f. reducta Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 184 (1950)
= Caroxylon glaucum (M.Bieb.) Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 173 (1849)
= Halimocnemis spicata C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 539 (1845)
= Salsola glauca M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 112 (1798)
= Salsola spicata Pall.; Ill. Pl. 27 (1803), nom. illeg.
variant :
var. heptapotamicus (Botsch.) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 108 (1993)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; China (Xinjiang)
32 KAZ KGZ 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus heptapotamicus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 161 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. hispidulus (Bunge) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 109 (1993)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.)
32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia glauca subsp. hispidula (Bunge) Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 186 (1950)
= Aellenia hispidula (Bunge) Botsch.; Fl. Uzbekist. 2: 295 (1953)
= Caroxylon hispidulum Bunge; Beitr. Fl. Russl. 293 (1852)
= Halothamnus heptapotamicus var. hispidulus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 162 (1981)
= Halothamnus hispidulus (Bunge) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 155 (1981)
= Halothamnus hispidulus var. glabratus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 155 (1981)
= Salsola hispidula (Bunge) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 960 (1879)
subspecies :
subsp. tianschanicus (Botsch.) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 110 (1993)
Distribution: Kyrgyzstan
32 KGZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus tianschanicus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 159 (1981)
species :
Halothamnus hierochunticus (Bornm.) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 156 (1981)
Distribution: Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran; Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (C-Syrian Desert); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert)
34 IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia autranii (Post) Zohary; Fl. Palaest. [Zohary & Feinbrun-Dothan] 1: 168 (1966)
= Aellenia hierochuntica (Bornm.) Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 180 (1950)
= Salsola autranii Post; Fl. Syria [Post] 690 (1896)
= Salsola autranii var. hierochuntica (Bornm.) Eig; Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 3: 129 (1945)
= Salsola hierochuntica Bornm.; Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 29(2): 13 (1912)
species :
Halothamnus iliensis (Lipsky) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 156 (1981)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Faryab, Samangan)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia iliensis (Lipsky) Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 176 (1950)
= Salsola iliensis Lipsky ex B.Fedtsch.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 32: 6 (1911)
species :
Halothamnus iranicus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 153 (1981)
Distribution: Iran (S-Iran, SW-Iran); SW-Pakistan (Baluchistan)
34 IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus iranicus var. glabratus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 154 (1981)
species :
Halothamnus iraqensis Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 152 (1981)
Distribution: Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Syria (Jazira); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia); Kuwait
34 IRQ SYR 35 KUW SAU
variant :
var. hispidulus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 153 (1981)
Distribution: Iraq
34 IRQ
species :
Halothamnus kermanensis Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 80 (1993)
Distribution: S-Iran
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus auriculus var. kermanensis (Kothe-Heinr.) Assadi; Fl. Iran [ed. Assadi et al.] 38: 341 (2001)
species :
Halothamnus lancifolius (Boiss.) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 88 (1993)
Distribution: Iraq; S-Iran; Lebanon; Syria; N-Saudi Arabia
34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia lancifolia (Boiss.) Ulbr.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 567 (1934)
= Caroxylon lancifolium Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 12: 98 (1846)
= Salsola lancifolia (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 958 (1879)
species :
Halothamnus oxianus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 166 (1981)
Distribution: E-Turkmenistan; S-Uzbekistan; S-Tajikistan; NE-Iran; Afghanistan (Balkh, Samangan)
32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus babatagi Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 164 (1981)
species :
Halothamnus schurobi Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 158 (1981)
Distribution: S-Uzbekistan; Afghanistan (Samangan)
32 UZB 34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus samanganicus Botsch.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 68(8): 1122 (1983)
variant :
var. hispidulus Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 118 (1993)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Samangan)
34 AFG
species :
Halothamnus seravschanicus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 167 (1981)
Distribution: Tajikistan
32 TZK
species :
Halothamnus sistanicus (De Marco & Dinelli) Kothe-Heinr.; Fl. Veg. Mundi 9: 50 (1991)
Distribution: Iran (E-Iran)
34 IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia sistanica De Marco & Dinelli; Webbia 33: 301 (1979)
species :
Halothamnus somalensis (N.E.Br.) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 151 (1981)
Distribution: E-Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia
24 DJI ETH SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus somalensis var. papillosus Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 52 (1993)
= Salsola bottae var. farinulenta Chiov.; Ann. Bot. (Rome) 9: 131 (1911)
= Salsola bottae var. faurotii Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 1: 134 (1887)
= Salsola somalensis N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1909: 50 (1909)
species :
Halothamnus subaphyllus (C.A.Mey.) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 171 (1981)
subspecies :
subsp. subaphyllus
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iraq (NW-Iraq, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Samangan); Saudi Arabia (Asir, Nejd Desert); Kuwait; Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta)
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ 35 KUW SAU 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia subaphylla (C.A.Mey.) Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 176 (1950)
= Aellenia subaphylla subsp. sabetii Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 179 (1950)
= Caroxylon subaphyllum (C.A.Mey.) Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 173 (1849)
= Salsola subaphylla C.A.Mey.; Pl. Nov. Casp.-Caucasus [Eichwald] 34 (1833 publ. 1835)
= Salsola subaphylla subsp. arenaria (Drobow) Iljin; Fl. Turkmen. [Fedtschenko et al.] 2: 180 (1937)
= Salsola subaphylla var. arenaria Drobow; Sched. Herb. Fl. Ross. 8: 199 (1922)
subspecies :
subsp. charifii (Aellen) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 140 (1993)
Distribution: Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Herat, Kandahar, Nimroz); Pakistan
34 AFG IRN 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia subaphylla subsp. charifii Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 179 (1950)
= Halothamnus subaphylloides Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 170 (1981)
= Aellenia subaphylla subsp. gracilenta Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 180 (1950)
subspecies :
subsp. psammophilus (Botsch.) Kothe-Heinr.; Biblioth. Bot. 143: 145 (1993)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iran (NE-Iran: Mts.); Afghanistan (Balkh, Samangan)
32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN
Synonyms: hidden
= Halothamnus psammophilus Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 168 (1981)
species :
Halothamnus turcomanicus (Aellen) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 165 (1981)
Distribution: SW-Turkmenistan; ?NE-Iran
32 TKM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aellenia subaphylla subsp. turcomanica Aellen; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 61: 180 (1950)
= Aellenia turcomanica (Aellen) Czerep.; Sosud. Rast. S.S.S.R. 176 (1981)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life