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386.0000 Family Amaranthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 87 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 185 genera, ca. 2300 spp. According to many modern authors and all PCR results Chenopodiaceae is only a subfamily or section of Amaranthaceae.
Species listed in database: 2306; hybrids: 76
= Achyranthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 35 (1837)
= Atriplicaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 83 (1789)
= Betaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 591, 1091, 1142 (1835)
= Blitaceae Kuntze; Lex. Gen. Phan. [Post & Kuntze] 637, 710 (1903)
= Celosiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 117 (1820)
= Chenopodiaceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 2: 253 (1799), nom. cons., Family
= Deeringiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 369 (1858)
= Dysphaniaceae Pax; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 230 (1927), nom. cons.
= Gomphrenaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 3: 38 (1837)
= Polycnemaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 161 (1839)
= Salicorniaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 558 (1820)
= Salsolaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 165 (1839)
= Spinaciaceae Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 166 (1839)
386.7214 Genus Haloxylon Bunge; Beitr. Fl. Russl. 292 (1852)
Distribution: Spain, N-Africa, Asia Minor, India to Myanmar, C-Asia
Species listed in database: 12
= Iljinia Korovin; Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 20: 190, 214 (1935)
species :
Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge ex Fenzl; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 3: 820 (1851)
Name: Black Saxaul
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran (E-Iran, EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Nimroz); Saudi Arabia (Asir); China (Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Nei Mongol); Mongolia
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 35 SAU 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Anabasis ammodendron C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 1: 375 (1829)
= Arthrophytum ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 11: 35 (1913)
= Arthrophytum ammodendron var. aphyllum Minkw.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(296-300): 478 (1912)
= Arthrophytum haloxylon Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 11: 45 (1913)
= Haloxylon ammodendron var. aphyllum (Minkw.) C.Y.Yang; Sylva Xinjiangensis 79 (2012)
= Haloxylon ammodendron var. aphyllum Minkw.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 478 (1912)
= Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 19: 171 (1934)
= Haloxylon pachycladum Popov; Suppl. Works Applied Bot. 26(2): 3 (1931)
species :
Haloxylon gracile (Aellen) Hedge; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 172: 322 (1997)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Badghys, Balkh)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrophytum gracile Aellen; Aarbok Univ. Bergen, Mat.-Naturvidensk. Ser. 18: 47 (1963 publ. 1964)
species :
Haloxylon griffithii (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 950 (1879)
subspecies :
subsp. griffithii
Distribution: Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Faryab, Ghazni, Jawzjan / Sar-e-Pol, Kabul, Kandahar, Orozgan / Daykundi, Parwan, Samangan, Zabul); Pakistan (Baluchistan)
32 TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrophytum griffithii (Moq.) Ulbr.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 570 (1934)
= Arthrophytum leptocladum Popov; Trudy Turkestansk. Nauchn. Obshch. 1: 12 (1923) et in Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 6: 308, 879 (1936), descr.
= Caroxylon griffithii Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 175 (1849)
= Haloxylon leptocladum (Popov ex Iljin) Korovin; Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 29: 22 (1935)
= Hammada griffithii (Moq.) Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 583 (1948)
= Hammada leptoclada (Popov ex Iljin) Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 583 (1948)
subspecies :
subsp. wakhanica (Paulsen) Hedge; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 172: 325 (1997)
Distribution: Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Logar, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Pakistan
32 TZK 34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Anabasis wakhanica Paulsen; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 6, 7: 201 (1903)
= Arthrophytum lindbergii Aellen; Aarbok Univ. Bergen, Mat.-Naturvidensk. Ser. 18: 47 (1963 publ. 1964)
= Arthrophytum wakhanicum (Paulsen) Korovin ex Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 19: 171 (1934)
= Haloxylon wakhanicum (Paulsen) Korovin; Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., Ser. 8b, Bot. 29: 23 (1935)
= Hammada wakhanica (Paulsen) Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 583 (1948)
species :
Haloxylon multiflorum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 949 (1879)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan, Parwan); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Peshawar, Punjab, Salt Range)
34 AFG 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Anabasis bamianica Aellen; Aarbok Univ. Bergen, Mat.-Naturvidensk. Ser. 18: 48 (1963 publ. 1964)
= Anabasis multiflora Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 212 (1849)
= Arthrophytum pallidiflorum Aellen ex Podlech; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 12: 56 (1975)
= Hammada multiflora (Moq.) Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 583 (1948)
species :
Haloxylon negevensis (Iljin & Zohary) Boulos; Fl. Egypt Checkl. 26 (1995)
Distribution: C-Israel (Negev Desert, Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai)
34 ISR SIN
Synonyms: hidden
= Hammada negevensis Iljin & Zohary; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 71 (1964)
species :
Haloxylon persicum Bunge; Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 189 (1860)
Distribution: Tunisia [I]; Egypt (Eastern Desert); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Tajikistan; Iraq (S-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Helmand, Kandahar, Nimroz, Samangan); Israel (Rift Valley); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Rub al Khali, Asir); Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman; China (Xinjiang); Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan)
20 EGY tun 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN 35 BAR OMA QAT SAU UAE 36 CHI 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Anabasis saxaul Fisch. ex Ulbr.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 16c: 572 (1934)
= Arthrophytum ammodendron var. acutifolium Minkw.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11(296-300): 478 (1912)
= Arthrophytum arborescens Litv.; Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 11: 44 (1913)
= Arthrophytum persicum (Bunge) Sav.-Rycz.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 45 (1924)
species :
Haloxylon regelii Bunge; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 25: 368-369 (1879)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Xinjiang, Gansu); Mongolia
32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 36 CHI 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrophytum regelii (Bunge) Litv.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, n. s. 6: 606 (1912)
= Iljinia regelii (Bunge) Korovin; Byull. Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ. 20: 190 (1935)
= Salsola regelii (Bunge) Litv. ex Popov; Trudy Turkestansk. Gosud. Univ. 4: 25 (1922)
species :
Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4(2): 949 (1879)
Distribution: Algeria; ?Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-Egypt, SE-Egypt, Great Western Desert); Iraq (NW-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Afghanistan (Farah, Helmand, Herat, Kandahar, Kunar / Nuristan, Nangarhar, Nimroz); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira); Israel (Rift Valley, S-Negev Desert, Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai, C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Hejaz, Rub al Khali, Asir, Nejd Desert, N-Saudi Arabia); Kuwait; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Inner Hadhramaut); Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, N. W. Frontier Prov., Pakistani Punjab); NW-India (Punjab, Rajasthan)
20 ALG EGY LBY 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN SYR 35 BAR KUW OMA QAT SAU UAE YEM 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrophytum articulatum (Moq.) Iljin; Mater. Istorii Fl. Rastitel´n. S.S.S.R. 2: 222 (1946)
= Caroxylon articulatum Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 175 (1849)
= Caroxylon salicornicum Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13 2: 174 (1849)
= Haloxylon articulatum (Moq.) Bunge; Beitr. Fl. Russl. 293 (1852)
= Haloxylon elegans Bunge; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, prepr. 6: 439 (1879)
= Haloxylon schweinfurthii Asch. & Schweinf.; Mém. Inst. Égypt. 2 (Suppl. Ill. Fl. Égypte): 128 (1887)
= Hammada articulata (Moq.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 38(1): 89 (1974), nom. superfl.
= Hammada elegans (Bunge) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 362 (1964)
= Hammada hispanica Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 363 (1964)
= Hammada salicornica (Moq.) Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 583 (1948)
species :
Haloxylon schmittianum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 334 (1875)
Distribution: Morocco; S-Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Israel (C-Negev Desert, E-Negev Desert)
20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 ISR
Remarks: Status uncertain
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrophytum schmittianum (Pomel) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 8: (Encycl. Biol. 59) 164 (1962)
= Hammada schmittiana (Pomel) Botsch.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 362 (1964)
species :
Haloxylon scoparium Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 335 (1875)
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Mauritania; Iraq (NW-Iraq); Iran (S-Iran); Israel (C-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Jordania (E-Jordania, S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Dahana, NE-Saudi Arabia, N-Saudi Arabia, Nafud Desert, Asir)
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN WSA 22 MTN 34 IRN IRQ ISR JOR SIN 35 SAU
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrophytum scoparium (Pomel) Iljin; Mater. Istorii Fl. Rastitel´n. S.S.S.R. 2: 222 (1946) ex Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afr. Nord 8: (Encycl. Biol. 59) 161 (1962)
= Arthrophytum scoparium (Pomel) Iljin ex Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afrique N. 8: 161 (1962)
= Haloxylon articulatum subsp. scoparium (Pomel) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] 1: 765 (1890)
= Haloxylon articulatum var. scoparium (Pomel) Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 133 (1904)
= Hammada articulata subsp. scoparia (Pomel) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Butl. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat., Secc. Bot. 1: 89 (1974)
= Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 583 (1948)
species :
Haloxylon tamariscifolium (L.) Pau; Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 2: 71 (1903)
Distribution: Spain
12 SPA
Synonyms: hidden
= Anabasis tamariscifolia L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 949 (1759)
= Arthrophytum articulatum (Cav.) Iljin; Mat. Hist. Fl. & Veg. USSR, Fasc. 2, 222 (1946)
= Caroxylon tamariscifolium (L.) Moq.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 13(2): 174 (1849)
= Halogeton tamariscifolia (L.) C.A.Mey.; Fl. Altaic. [Ledebour] 1: 378 (1829)
= Haloxylon articulatum (Cav.) Bunge; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 7: 468 (1851)
= Hammada articulata (Cav.) Lavrenko; Bot. Geogr. Pust. Euraz. Severn. Afriki 28 (1962) (comb. inval.)
= Hammada tamariscifolia (L.) Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 583 (1948)
= Salsola articulata Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 3: 43. t. 284 (1794)
= Salsola tamariscifolia (L.) Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 5: 69 (1799)
species :
Haloxylon thomsonii Bunge ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 4: 950 (1946)
Distribution: W-Tibet; Pakistan (Chitral, Astor, Gilgit, Baltistan, Skardu, Hunza); NW-India (Ladakh, Leh)
36 TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrophytum thomsonii (Bunge ex Boiss.) Iljin; Mat. Hist. Fl. & Veg. USSR, Fasc. 2, 222 (1946)
= Hammada thomsonii (Bunge ex Boiss.) Iljin; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 33: 583 (1948)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life