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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35249; hybrids: 678
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.5187 Genus Hedypnois Hill; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754)
Distribution: Macaronesia through Mediterranean to W-Asia
Species listed in database: 3; hybrids: 1
species :
Hedypnois arenaria (Schousb.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 82 (1838)
Distribution: S-Portugal; SW-Spain; Gibraltar; Morocco; Canary Isl. (La Palma, Tenerife, Lanzarote)
12 GIB POR SPA 20 MOR 21 CNY
Synonyms: hidden
= Hedypnois arenaria var. divisa Pérez Lara; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 16: 351 (1887)
= Hedypnois arenaria var. maximiliana Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.) 1933: no. 8845 (1934), nomen
= Hedypnois arenaria var. pinnatifolia Mariz; Bol. Soc. Brot. 11: 141 (1892)
= Hedypnois mauritanicus Schousb. ex Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 810 (1829)
= Hedypnois mauritiana Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1616 (1803)
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. erecta Gren. & Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 2: 288 (1850)
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. mauritanica (Willd.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 47 (1908)
= Hyoseris arenaria Schousb.; Iagttag. Vextrig. Marokko 197 (1800)
= Leontodon schousboei Enke & Zidorn; Organisms Diversity Evol. 12(1): 14 (2012), nom. nov.
= Rhagadiolus arenarius (Schousb.) Benth. & Hook.f.; Gen. Pl. [Bentham & Hooker f.] 2: 510 (1873)
species :
Hedypnois caspica Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann], Suppl. 91 (1819)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus
33 NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Leontodon caspicus (Hornem.) Enke & Zidorn; Organisms Diversity Evol. 12(1): 14 (2012)
species :
Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W.Schmidt; Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1: 279 (1795)
subspecies :
subsp. rhagadioloides
Name: Kreta-Röhrenkraut (DE), Cretan Hawkbit (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Poland; Portugal; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Ibiza & Formentera, Mallorca, Menorca); France; Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Turkey; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades); Crete (widespread); Ukraine; Crimea; Egypt (Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, NW-coastal Egypt); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma); South Africa [I] (Cape Prov. [I]); Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (widespread, incl. Rhodos); Turkey (N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran, S-Iran, W-Iran); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, Negev Desert, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania, W-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], New Mexico [I], Texas [I]); Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Maule [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I])
11 ger POL 12 BAL COR FRA GIB MCO POR SAR SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL PTL SIC SLV TUE 14 KRY UKR 20 EGY 21 CNY MDR 27 saf 33 AZE NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 SAU 50 aus 76 usa 77 usa 85 arg cle uru
Remarks: see also H. cretica. Some distribution and synonyms might belong there
Synonyms: hidden
= Hedypnois annua Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 49 (1899), nom. superfl.
= Hedypnois coronopifolia Ten.; Cat. Hort. Neapol. 1813, App.(ed. alt.): 60 (1819)
= Hedypnois crepidiformis Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 250 (1831)
= Hedypnois cretica f. persica (M.Bieb.) Cout.; Fl. Portugal [Coutinho] 664 (1913)
= Hedypnois cretica subsp. monspeliensis Murb.; Contr. Fl. Nord-Ouest Afrique 1(1): 110 (1897)
= Hedypnois cretica subsp. ramosa Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 29 (1974)
= Hedypnois cretica subsp. rhagadioloides (L.) Täckh. & Boulos; Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 29 (1974)
= Hedypnois cretica var. monspeliensis Bisch.; Beitr. Fl. Deutschl. Schweiz [Bischoff] 37 (1851)
= Hedypnois cretica var. rhagadioloides (L.) Bisch.; Beitr. Fl. Deutschl. Schweiz [Bischoff] 37 (1851)
= Hedypnois furfuracea Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 250 (1831)
= Hedypnois glabra F.W.Schmidt; Samml. Phys.-Oekon. Aufsätze 1: 279 (1795)
= Hedypnois globulifera Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 2: 107 (1779)
= Hedypnois globulifera Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 2: 339 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Hedypnois hedypnois (L.) Linding; Abh. Auslandsk., Reihe C, Naturwiss. 21(8): 177 (1926)
= Hedypnois laciniflora Viv.; Fl. Libyc. Spec. 52, t. 17, f. 2 (1824)
= Hedypnois monspeliensis Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1616 (1803)
= Hedypnois persica M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 539 (1819)
= Hedypnois polymorpha DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 81 (1838)
= Hedypnois polymorpha subsp. rhagadioloides (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 412 (1882), nom. illeg.
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. crepidiformis (Rchb.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 208 (1865)
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. glabra St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 537 (1889)
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. hirsuta St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 537 (1889)
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. hyoseris Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 46 (1908)
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. monspeliensis Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 46 (1908)
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. persica (Fisch.) Gaut.; Cat. Rais. Fl. Pyr.-Or. 47 (1898)
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. ramosa St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 537 (1889)
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. rhagadioloides (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 46 (1908), nom. illeg.
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. rhagadioloides (L.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 208 (1865)
= Hedypnois pygmaea Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 208 (1865)
= Hedypnois rhagadioloides subsp. monspeliensis (Willd.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 473 (1879)
= Hedypnois rhagadioloides var. gracilior (Boiss.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 1008 (1928)
= Hedypnois rhagadioloides var. monspeliensis (Bisch.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 1008 (1928), nom. illeg.
= Hedypnois sabulorum Pomel; Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 17 (1874)
= Hedypnois tournefortii Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 20: 337 (1821)
= Hedypnois vulgaris J.St.-Hil.; Expos. Fam. Nat. 1: 375 (1805), nom. superfl.
= Hyoseris cretica subsp. rhagadioloides (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2 [Arcangeli]: 732 (1894)
= Hyoseris hedypnois L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 809 (1753)
= Hyoseris incrassata Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 218 (1794)
= Hyoseris mauritanica Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 369 (1807)
= Hyoseris monspeliensis Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 369 (1807)
= Hyoseris pendula Balb.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 369 (1807)
= Hyoseris rhagadioloides L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 809 (1753)
= Hyoseris scabra Moench; Methodus [Moench] 541 (1794), nom. illeg.
= Leontodon rhagadioloides (L.) Enke & Zidorn; Organisms Diversity Evol. 12(1): 14 (2012)
= Rhagadiolus hedypnois (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 226 (1785)
subspecies :
subsp. cretica (L.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 807 (1931)
Name: Kreta-Röhrenkraut (DE); Cretan Hawkbit (EN); Brujilla salvaje (ES)
Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Croatia; Montenegro; Albania; Greece; Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (Anatolia); Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I]); etc.
12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT PEL SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 EAI TUR 85 cle
Remarks: frequently included in H. rhagadioloides but kept as a separate species by Flora Iberica (2017)
Synonyms: hidden
= Hedypnois arenicola Sennen & Mauricio; Diagn. Nouv. 236 (1936)
= Hedypnois cretica var. gracilior Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 719 (1875)
= Hedypnois polymorpha subsp. cretica (L.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 412 (1882), nom. illeg.
= Hedypnois polymorpha var. cretica (L.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 10: 46 (1908), nom. illeg.
= Hedypnois cretica (L.) Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult. 2: 339 (1802)
= Hyoseris cretica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 810 (1753)
= Leontodon arenicola (Sennen & Mauricio) Enke & Zidorn; Organisms Diversity Evol. 12(1): 14 (2012)
= Rhagadiolus creticus (L.) All.; Fl. Pedem. 1: 226 (1785)
subspecies :
subsp. tubaeformis (Ten.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 807 (1931)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Spain; Gibraltar; Baleares (Mallorca); Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Malta; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; North Macedonia; European Turkey; Greece (scattered lowlands, incl. Kiklades); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Tilos, Symi, Kasos, Karpathos, Rhodos); Lebanon; Syria; Israel; Jordania
11 ger 12 BAL GIB SAR SPA 13 BIH CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT NMA PEL SIC TUE 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR
Synonyms: hidden
= Hedypnois cretica subsp. tubaeformis (Ten.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 473 (1879)
= Hyoseris tubaeformis Ten.; Fl. Napol. 2: 173, t. 73 (1820)
= Leontodon rhagadioloides subsp. tubaeformis (Ten.) Enke & Zidorn; Organisms Diversity Evol. 12(1): 14 (2012)
species :
Hedypnois ×pendula Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1618 (1803) pro spec.
Distribution: Spain; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote); etc.
12 SPA 21 CNY
Remarks: H. cretica x H. arenaria
Synonyms: hidden
= Hyoseris ×pendula (Willd.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 369 (1807)
= Hyoseris ×pendula var. pinnatifida DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 82 (1838)
= Hyoseris ×polymorpha var. pinnatifida (DC.) Willk.; Prodr. Fl. Hispan. [Willkomm & Lange] 2: 207 (1865)
= Rhagadiolus pendulus (Willd.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 535 (1878)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life