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342.0000 Family Euphorbiaceae A.Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 384 (1789), nom. cons. (s. str.)
210 genera, ca. 6700 spp.
Species listed in database: 6532; hybrids: 56
= Acalyphaceae A.Juss. ex Menge; Cat. Pl. Grudent. Gedan. 172 (1839)
= Bertyaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 190 (1858)
= Cheilosaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxi (2001)
= Crotonaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 258 (1858)
= Hippomanaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 244 (1858)
= Mercurialaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 237 (1820)
= Ricinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 547 (1820)
= Ricinocarpaceae Hurus.; J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 6: 224 (1954)
= Tithymalaceae Vent.; Tabl. Règn. Vég. 3: 483 (1799)
= Tragiaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 111 (1838)
= Trewiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 174 (1836)
342.2105 Genus Hevea Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 871, t. 335 (1775)
Distribution: Amazonia
Species listed in database: 10
= Caoutchoua J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 1007 (1792)
= Micrandra R.Br.; Pterocymbium 237 (4 June 1844), nom. rej.
= Siphonanthus Schreb. ex Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 324 (1858)
= Siphonia Rich.; Gen. Pl. [Schreber] 656 (1791)
species :
Hevea benthamiana Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 34: 204 (1865 publ. 1866)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Putumayo, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea benthamiana f. caudata (Ducke) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 234 (1935)
= Hevea benthamiana f. huberiana (Ducke) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 233 (1935)
= Hevea benthamiana f. obtusifolia (Ducke) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 234 (1935)
= Hevea benthamiana f. subglabrifolia (Ducke) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 234 (1935)
= Hevea benthamiana var. caudata Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 6: 55 (1935)
= Hevea benthamiana var. huberiana Ducke; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 11: 29 (1931)
= Hevea benthamiana var. obtusifolia Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 6: 55 (1933)
= Hevea benthamiana var. obtusiloba Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 6: 55 (1933)
= Hevea benthamiana var. subglabrifolia Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 6: 54 (1933)
= Hevea discolor Spruce ex Pax; Pflanzenreich [Engler] IV.147.I, Heft 42 (Euph.-Jatropheae): 120 (1910)
= Hevea duckei Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 4: 631 (1906)
species :
Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 34: 204 (1865)
Name: Kautschuk (DE); Rubber Tree (EN); Caoutchoc (FR)
Distribution: Guinea [I]; Togo [I]; Benin [I]; Cameroon [I]; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo] [I]; São Tomé [I]; Central African Republic [I]; D. R. Congo [Zaire] [I]; Seychelles [I]; China [I] (W-Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Guangxi [I], Hainan [I], Hongkong [I], Yunnan [I]); Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Andaman Isl. [I]; Nicobar Isl. [I]; Thailand [I]; Cambodia [I]; Vietnam [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Singapore [I]; Philippines [c]; Jawa [I]; East Timor [I]; Bismarck Arch. [I]; Fiji [I]; Palau [I] (Koror [I]); Guam [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Mexico [I]; Belize [I]; Honduras [I]; Costa Rica; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I] (Dominican Republic [I], Haiti [I]); Guadeloupe [I]; Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Boyacá, Caquetá, Guainía, Nariño, Vaupés); Venezuela [I]; French Guiana; Ecuador [I]; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); S-Brazil (Paraná)
22 ben gui tog 23 bio caf cmn sao zai 29 sey 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban ind 41 and cbd ncb tha vie 42 jaw lsi mly phi sng 43 bis 60 fij 62 gum mic plu 79 mex 80 blz COS hon 81 dom gdl his jam mar stl stv trt 82 CLM FRG ven 83 BOL ecu PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea brasiliensis f. acreana (Ule) Ducke; Bol. Tecn. Inst. Agron. N. 10: 23 (1946)
= Hevea brasiliensis f. angustifolia (Ule ex Huber) Ule; Tropenpflanzer Beih. 6: 8 (1905)
= Hevea brasiliensis f. latifolia (Ule ex Huber) Ule; Tropenpflanzer Beih. 6: 8 (1905)
= Hevea brasiliensis f. randiana (Huber) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 224 (1935)
= Hevea brasiliensis monstr. granthamii Barth; Bot. Gaz. 84: 200 (1927)
= Hevea brasiliensis var. acreana Ule; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(Beibl. 114): 14 (1914)
= Hevea brasiliensis var. angustifolia Ule ex Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 3: 350 (1902)
= Hevea brasiliensis var. janeirensis (Müll.Arg.) Pax; Pflanzenreich [Engler] IV.147.I, Heft 42 (Euph.-Jatropheae): 121 (1910)
= Hevea brasiliensis var. latifolia Ule ex Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 3: 350 (1902)
= Hevea brasiliensis var. randiana (Huber) Pax; Pflanzenreich [Engler] IV.147.I, Heft 42 (Euph.-Jatropheae): 123 (1910)
= Hevea brasiliensis var. stylosa Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 4: 640 (1906)
= Hevea granthamii Bartlett; Bot. Gaz. 84: 200 (1927)
= Hevea janeirensis Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 706 (1874)
= Hevea randiana Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 4: 636 (1906)
= Hevea sieberi Warb.; Kaoutschukpflanzen 33 (1900)
= Siphonia brasiliensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 171 (1825), nom. illeg.
= Siphonia brasiliensis Willd. ex A.Juss.; Euphorb. Gen. 40, t. 12, t. 38b, f. 1-6 (1824)
= Siphonia janeirensis (Müll.Arg.) O.F.Cook; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 31: 61 (1941)
= Siphonia ridleyana O.F.Cook; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 31: 46 (1941)
species :
Hevea camargoana Pires; Bol. Mus. Paraense Emílio Goeldi, n. s., Bot. 52: 4 (1981)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)
84 BRA
species :
Hevea camporum Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 111 (1925)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)
84 BRA
species :
Hevea guianensis Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 871 (1775)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Putumayo, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas)
82 CLM FRG GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Caoutchoua elastica J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 1007 (1792)
= Caoutchoua guianensis (Aubl.) O.F.Cook; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 31: 58 (1941)
= Hevea caucho Posada-Ar.; Estud. Ci. 212 (1909)
= Hevea collina Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 5: 249 (1909)
= Hevea elastica (L.f.) H.Karst.; Deut. Fl. [Karsten] 589 (1882)
= Hevea guianensis subsp. occidentalis Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 223 (1935)
= Hevea guianensis var. collina (Huber) Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 109 (1925)
= Hevea guianensis var. occidentalis (Ducke) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 229 (1935)
= Hevea nigra Ule; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 35: 667 (1905)
= Hevea peruviana Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 4: 335 (1775)
= Hevea ternata (R.Br.) Baill.; Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 5: 169 (1874)
= Jatropha elastica L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 422 (1782)
= Micrandra ternata R.Br.; Pterocymbium 238 (1844)
= Siphonanthus elasticus Schreb. ex Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 326 (1858)
= Siphonia cahuchu Willd.; Anleit. Selbststud. Bot. 534 (1804), et Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 567 (1805)
= Siphonia elastica Forsyth f. [Bot.Nomencl.365 (1794), nom.superfl.]
= Siphonia guianensis (Aubl.) Juss. ex Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 326 (1858)
variant :
var. lutea (Spruce ex Benth.) Ducke & R.E.Schult.; Caldasia 3: 249 (1945)
Distribution: Colombia; Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea andinensis Preusse-Sperber; Tropenpflanzer 19: 192 (1916), nomen
= Hevea apiculata Spruce ex Baill.; Adansonia 4: 285 (1864)
= Hevea brasiliensis var. cuneata (Huber) Pax; Pflanzenreich [Engler] IV.147.I, Heft 42 (Euph.-Jatropheae): 123 (1910)
= Hevea cuneata (Huber) Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 4: 578, 626 (1906)
= Hevea foxii Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 7: 228 (1913)
= Hevea glabrescens Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 7: 230 (1913)
= Hevea guianensis f. peruviana (Ducke) Ducke; Bol. Tecn. Inst. Agron. N. 10: 24 (1946)
= Hevea guianensis f. pilosula (Ducke) Ducke; Bol. Tecn. Inst. Agron. N. 10: 9 (1946)
= Hevea guianensis var. cuneata (Huber) Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 6: 51 (1933)
= Hevea lutea (Spruce ex Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 34: 204 (1865 publ. 1866)
= Hevea lutea f. pilosula (Ducke) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 224 (1935)
= Hevea lutea var. apiculata (Spruce ex Baill.) Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 302 (1874)
= Hevea lutea var. cuneata Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 3: 357 (1902)
= Hevea lutea var. foxii (Huber) Ducke; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 9: 627 (1929)
= Hevea lutea var. glabrescens (Huber) Ducke; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 9: 627 (1929)
= Hevea lutea var. peruviana Ducke; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 9: 627 (1929)
= Hevea lutea var. pilosula Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 6: 53 (1933)
= Siphonia apiculata Spruce ex Baill.; Adansonia 4: 285 (1863 publ. 1864)
= Siphonia lutea Spruce ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 370 (1854)
variant :
var. marginata (Ducke) Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 6: 51 (1933)
Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea guianensis subsp. marginata (Ducke) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 223 (1935)
= Hevea marginata Ducke; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 9: 624, in clavi, 625 (1929), et in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5: 150 (1930)
species :
Hevea microphylla Ule; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 35: 669 (1905)
Distribution: Colombia (Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea microphylla var. major Pax; Pflanzenreich [Engler] IV.147.I, Heft 42 (Euph.-Jatropheae): 126 (1910)
species :
Hevea nitida Mart. ex Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 301 (1873)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guaviare, Vaupés); Peru; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM 83 PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea brasiliensis f. subconcolor (Ducke) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 224 (1935)
= Hevea brasiliensis var. subconcolor Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 6: 55 (1933)
= Hevea viridis Huber; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 48 (1902), et in Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 3: 358
variant :
var. toxicodendroides (R.E.Schult. & Vinton) R.E.Schult.; (1947)
Distribution: Colombia
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea viridis var. toxicodendroides R.E.Schult. & Vinton; Caldasia 3: 25 (1944)
species :
Hevea pauciflora (Spruce ex Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 34: 203 (1865 publ. 1866)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Vaupés, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam; N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM GUY SUR VEN 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea kunthiana Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 3: 349 (1902)
= Hevea membranacea f. leiogyne (Ducke) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 239 (1935)
= Hevea membranacea Müll.Arg.; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(2): 299 (1873)
= Hevea membranacea var. leiogyne Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 6: 57 (1933)
= Hevea pauciflora f. leiogyne (Ducke) Ducke; Bol. Tecn. Inst. Agron. N. 10: 17 (1947)
= Siphonia kunthiana Baill.; Étude Euphorb. 326 (1858), nomen
= Siphonia pauciflora Spruce ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 370 (1854)
variant :
var. coriacea Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 239 (1935)
Distribution: Colombia; Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Peru
82 CLM VEN 83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea confusa Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 26: sub tt. 2573-4 (1898)
= Hevea humilior Ducke; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 9: 624 (1929), in clavi, 629, et in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 5: 154 (1930)
= Hevea minor Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 26: t. 2572 (1899)
= Hevea paludosa Ule; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 35: 666 (1905)
= Hevea pauciflora subsp. coriacea Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 225 (1935)
species :
Hevea rigidifolia (Spruce ex Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 34: 203 (1865 publ. 1866)
Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Guainía, Vaupés); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
82 CLM 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Siphonia rigidifolia Spruce ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 371 (1854)
species :
Hevea spruceana (Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Linnaea 34: 204 (1865 publ. 1866)
Distribution: Honduras [I]; Guyana; Peru; Bolivia; N-Brazil (Amapá, Pará, Amazonas)
80 hon 82 GUY 83 BOL PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Hevea discolor (Spruce ex Benth.) Müll.Arg.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 15(2): 717 (1866)
= Hevea paraensis Baill.; Adansonia 4: 284 (1863 publ. 1864)
= Hevea similis Hemsl.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 26: t. 2576 (1899)
= Hevea spruceana f. discolor (Spruce ex Benth.) Ducke; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 9: 630 (1929)
= Hevea spruceana f. similis (Hemsl.) Ducke; Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 9: 630 (1929)
= Hevea spruceana f. tridentata (Huber) Ducke; Arq. Inst. Biol. Veg. 2: 242 (1935)
= Hevea spruceana var. discolor Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 109 (1925)
= Hevea spruceana var. similis (Hemsl.) Ducke; Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 109 (1925)
= Hevea spruceana var. tridentata Huber; Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 4: 644 (1906)
= Siphonia discolor Spruce ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 369 (1854)
= Siphonia spruceana Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 6: 370 (1854)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life