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314.0000 Family Malpighiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 252 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 75 genera, ca. 1400 spp., two thirds in tropical America. Phylogeny: de Almeida et al. (2024)
Species listed in database: 1466; hybrids: 2
314.2707 Genus Hiptage Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 69, t. 116 (1791)
Distribution: Mauritius, tropical Asia, Malesia, Melanesia to Fiji
Species listed in database: 49
= Gaertnera Schreb.; Gen. Pl., ed. 8[a], 1: 290 (1789)
= Molina Cav.; Diss. 10, Decima Diss. Bot.: 435, t. 263 (1790)
= Succowia Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 32 (1818)
species :
Hiptage acuminata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1065 (1828), et in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 13: 269 (1840)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA
species :
Hiptage aptera M.T.X.Lam & T.V.Do; PhytoKeys 256: 229 (2025)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 43(2): 136 (1874)
Distribution: Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Sind, Rawalpindi, Murree, Mirpur); Nepal; Bhutan; India (almost throughout hotter parts of lndia); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (Middle Andamans, South Andamans); Nicobar Isl. (Central Nicobars); Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi (incl. Selayar); Palawan; Philippines (Mindanao); Java (incl. Madura Isl., Kangean Isl.); Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Alor, Timor)
29 mau reu 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY PHI PLW SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Banisteria benghalensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 427 (1753)
= Banisteria tetraptera Sonn.; Voy. Indes Orient. [Sonnerat], ed. 2, 3: 270 (1782)
= Banisteria unicapsularis Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 367 (1785)
= Gaertnera indica J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 685 (1791)
= Gaertnera laurifolia Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7365 (1832)
= Gaertnera obtusifolia (DC.) Roxb. ex G.Don; Hort. Brit. [Loudon] 170 (1830)
= Gaertnera racemosa (Cav.) Roxb.; Pl. Coromandel 1: 19, t. 18 (1798)
= Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 88 (1891), isonym
= Hiptage benghalensis var. macroptera (Merr.) Nied.
= Hiptage javanica Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 5: 224 (1825)
= Hiptage javanica f. rubella Hochr.; Bull. Inst. Bot. Buitenzorg 19: 44 (1904)
= Hiptage laurifolia A.Juss.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 13: 269 (1840), et Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 502 (1843)
= Hiptage leptophylla Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 48 (1913)
= Hiptage macroptera Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 189 (1910)
= Hiptage madablota Gaertn.; Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 169, t. 116, f. 4 (1791)
= Hiptage malaiensis Nied.; Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl. Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 6: 39 (1915)
= Hiptage obtusifolia (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 583 (1824)
= Hiptage parvifolia Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 1: 107 (1834)
= Hiptage pinnata Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1810 (1913)
= Hiptage racemosa Oken; Allg. Naturgesch. 3(2): 1328 (1841)
= Hiptage sumatrana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 512 (1861)
= Hiptage tetraptera Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 188 (1910)
= Hiptage teysmannii Arènes; Reinwardtia 3: 69 (1954)
= Hiptage trialata Span.; Linnaea 15: 179 (1841)
= Molina racemosa Cav.; Diss. 9, Nona Diss. Bot.: 435 (1790), nom. superfl.
= Platynema parvifolium (Wight & Arn.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 2: 1590 (1840)
= Succowia fimbriata Dennst.; Schlüssel Hortus Malab. 32 (1818), nomen
= Triopterys jamaicensis Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 379 (1837), nom. illeg.
variant :
var. cochinchinensis Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 3: t. 273B (1893)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
variant :
var. longifolia (Nied.) R.C.Srivast.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4(3): 1025 (1983)
Distribution: India (Assam, Uttarakhand, West Bengal)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Hiptage benghalensis f. longifolia Nied.; Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl. Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 6: 40 (1915)
variant :
var. rothinii R.C.Srivast.; Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 6(7): 223 (1983)
Distribution: NE-India (Manipur)
40 IND
variant :
var. tonkinensis (Dop) S.K.Chen; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 43(3): 120 (March 1997); et in Fl. Yunnan. 8: 398 (Nov. 1997)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Laos; N-Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Hiptage madablota var. tonkinensis Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 429 (1908)
species :
Hiptage boniana Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 429 (1908)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage bullata Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 155 (1926)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Hiptage burkilliana Arènes; Reinwardtia 3: 68 (1954)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (twice from Pahang)
42 MLY
species :
Hiptage calcicola Sirirugsa; Nordic J. Bot. 7(3): 277 (1987)
Distribution: S-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Hiptage calycina Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 17: t. 272A (1892)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage candicans Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 419 (1874)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Nagaland); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay); Thailand; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Hiptage arborea Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2): 228 (1873)
= Hiptage benghalensis subsp. candicans (Hook.f.) Sirirugsa; Fl. Thailand 5(3): 279 (1991)
= Hiptage candicans var. angustifolia Craib; Fl. Siam 1: 202 (1926)
= Hiptage candicans var. cuneiformis Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 68 (1943)
= Hiptage candicans var. lanata Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 69 (1943)
= Hiptage candicans var. latifolia Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 17: t. 271 (1892)
= Hiptage candicans var. parvifolia Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 17: t. 271 (1892)
variant :
var. harmandiana (Pierre) Dop; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 429 (1908)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Hiptage harmandiana Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 17: t. 270B (1892)
species :
Hiptage capillipes Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 70 (1943)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage condita Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 156 (1926)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Hiptage corymbifera Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 64 (1943)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Hiptage corymbifera var. lanceolata Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 64 (1943)
species :
Hiptage cuspidata Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 72 (1943)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage detergens Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1926: 157 (1926)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand
41 THA
species :
Hiptage elliptica Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 17: t. 272B (1892)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage ferruginea Y.H.Tan & Bin Yang; PhytoKeys 110: 85 (2018)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage fraxinifolia F.N.Wei; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(3): 356 (1981)
Distribution: China (S-Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage glabrifolia Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 425 (1915)
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Hiptage gracilis Sirirugsa; Nordic J. Bot. 7(3): 279 (1987)
Distribution: E-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Hiptage incurvatum K.Tan & M.X.Ren; PhytoKeys 135: 96 (2019)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage jacobsii R.C.Srivast.; Indian Forester 110(5): 499 (1984)
Distribution: India (Mizoram)
40 IND
species :
Hiptage lanceolata Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 73 (1943)
Distribution: China (SW-Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage laxiflora Sujana & Vadhyar; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 58(1-3): 28 (2020)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Hiptage lucida Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18: t. 273A (1893)
Distribution: Thailand; Vietnam
41 THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Hiptage lucida var. acuminata Arènes; (1943)
= Hiptage lucida var. obovata Arènes; (1943)
species :
Hiptage luodianensis S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 18(4): 409, f. 3 (1996)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage lushuiensis S.P.Dong, K.Tan & M.X.Ren; Nordic J. Bot. 38(3)-e02436: 2 (2020)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage luzonica Merr.; Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 33 (1905)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines
42 PHI PLW SUL
Synonyms: hidden
= Hiptage beccariana Arènes; Reinwardtia 3: 70 (1954)
= Hiptage brachybotrys Arènes; Reinwardtia 3: 67 (1954)
= Hiptage cebuensis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2: 683 (1910)
= Hiptage cumingii Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 190 (1910)
= Hiptage curranii Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 188 (1910)
= Hiptage loheri Merr.; Sp. Blancoan. 113 (1918)
= Hiptage parvifolia subsp. cumingii Nied.; Verzeichnis Vorles. Königl. Akad. Braunsberg 1924: 14 (1924)
= Hiptage parvifolia var. eglandulosa Nied.; Verzeichnis Vorles. Königl. Akad. Braunsberg 1924: 14 (1924)
= Hiptage parvifolia var. glandulosa Nied.; Verzeichnis Vorles. Königl. Akad. Braunsberg 1924: 14 (1924)
= Hiptage parvifolia var. megaphylla Nied.; Verzeichnis Vorles. Königl. Akad. Braunsberg 1924: 14 (1924)
= Hiptage reticulata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 186 (1910)
= Hiptage vidalii Arènes; Reinwardtia 3: 70 (1954)
species :
Hiptage marginata Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 71 (1943)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage microcarpa Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. Fasc 18: t. 274B (1893)
Distribution: Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD VIE
species :
Hiptage minor Dunn; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 487 (1903)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hiptage henryana Nied.; Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Königl. Lyceums Hosianum Braunsberg 6: 45 (1915)
species :
Hiptage monopteryx Sirirugsa; Nordic J. Bot. 7(3): 279 (1987)
Distribution: SE-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Hiptage multiflora F.N.Wei; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(3): 356 (1981)
Distribution: China (S-Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage myrtifolia A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 267 (1854)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
species :
Hiptage nayarii R.C.Srivast.; Indian Forester 110(5): 499 (1984)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Hiptage pauciflora Y.H.Tan & Bin Yang; PhytoKeys 110: 82 (2018)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage platyptera Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 69 (1943)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage poilanei Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 188 (1944)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage pubescens Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 187 (1910)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hiptage pubescens var. lanceolata Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 187 (1910)
species :
Hiptage saigonensis P.H.Hô; Câyco Vietnam (Illustr. Fl. Vietnam) 2: 346 (1991)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Hiptage sericea (Wall.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 419 (1874)
Distribution: S-China (Cape Syng-moon); India (Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu); Myanmar (Taninthayi); peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Pahang, Melaka, Johor); Singapore
36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA 42 MLY SNG
Conservation Status: critically endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Clerodendron sericeum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 1814 (1824), nomen
= Hiptage parviflora Wight ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 419 (1874)
species :
Hiptage stellulifera Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 63 (1943)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
variant :
var. semiglabra Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 63 (1943)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage stenoptera K.Tan & M.X.Ren; PhytoKeys 232: 51 (2023)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage subglabra Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 67 (1943)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage thothathrii N.P.Balakr. & R.C.Srivast.; J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4(3): 985 (1983)
Distribution: Andaman Isl. (North Andamans)
41 AND
species :
Hiptage tianyangensis F.N.Wei; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(3): 358 (1981)
Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage triacantha Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18: t. 273A (1893)
Distribution: E-Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD THA VIE
species :
Hiptage umbellulifera Arènes; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 11: 68 (1943)
Distribution: C-Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Hiptage yangshuoensis K.Tan & K.S.Nguyen; Ecol. Evol. 14(8)-e70099: 5 (2024)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Hiptage yunnanensis C.C.Huang ex S.K.Chen; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 18(4): 405-408, f. 2 (1996)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life