472.0000 Family Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin Aneb. Rostl. 2(110): 438, 440 (1825), nom. cons.

1 genus, ca. 600 spp.

Species listed in database: 612; hybrids: 6

472.0001 Genus Ilex L.L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 125 (1753)

Distribution: tropics and subtropics, esp. S-America (over 300), China (over 200), few in temperate regions, only 1 in tropical Africa and Madagascar

Species listed in database: 612; hybrids: 6

species :

Ilex abscondita Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 320 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex aculeolata Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44(517): 13 (1930)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex rhamnifolia Merr.; Sunyatsenia 1(4): 201-202 (1934)

species :

Ilex acutidenticulata Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 321 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex affinis Gardner; Icon. Pl. 5: t. 465 (1842)

Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Amambay, Caazapa, Canindeyu, San Pedro)

83 BOL 84 BRA 85 PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex affinis f. brachyphylla Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 445 (1901)

= Ilex affinis f. medica Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 444 (1901)

= Ilex affinis f. stenothyrsa Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 445 (1901)

= Ilex affinis var. angustifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 70 (1861)

= Ilex affinis var. apollinis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 446 (1901)

= Ilex affinis var. latifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 70 (1861)

= Ilex affinis var. pachypoda Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 446 (1901)

= Ilex affinis var. valida Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 446 (1901)

= Ilex rivularis Gardner; Icon. Pl. 5: t. 465 (1842)

species :

Ilex aggregata (Ruiz & Pav.) Loes.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 95 (1931)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)

83 BOL PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex amygdalifolia Rusby; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3(3): 15 (1893)

= Izquierdia aggregata Ruiz & Pav.; Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 278 (1798)

species :

Ilex alternifolia (Zoll. & Moritzi) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 81 (1901)

Distribution: Java

42 JAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex densiflora Zipp. ex Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 82 (1901)

species :

Ilex altiplana Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 321 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex amazonensis Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 133 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Trujillo)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 705 (1824)

Name: Carolina holly

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, ?E-Michigan); NE-Mexico

74 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torr.; Fl. New York 2: 2 (1843), isonym

= Ilex ambigua Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 269 (1860), nom. illeg.

= Ilex ambigua f. channellii Edwin; Rhodora 59: 23 (1957)

= Ilex ambigua var. coriacea Trel.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 347 (1889)

= Ilex buswellii f. channellii (Edwin) T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 134 (1997)

= Ilex buswellii Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 382 (1924)

= Ilex caroliniana (Walter) Trel.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 346 (1892) in obs.

= Ilex caroliniana var. jejuna McFarlin; Rhodora 34: 236 (1932)

= Ilex dubia f. beadlei Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 487 (1901)

= Ilex dubia f. chapmaniana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 487 (1901)

= Ilex dubia f. condensata (Loes. ex Engl. & Prantl) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 486 (1901)

= Ilex dubia f. grayiana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 487 (1901)

= Ilex dubia f. pseudoambigua Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 486 (1901)

= Ilex dubia var. condensata Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 221 (1897)

= Ilex dubia var. monticola Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 485 (1901)

= Nemopanthus ambiguus (Michx.) Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861): 497 (1861)

= Prinos ambiguus Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 236 (1803)

= Synstima acuminata Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 49 (1838)

= Synstima ambigua (Michx.) Raf. ex S.Watson; Bibliogr. Index N. Amer. Bot. 1: 157 (1880)

= Synstima caroliniana Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 49 (1838)

species :

Ilex amelanchier M.A.Curtis ex Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 270 (1860)

Name: Sarvis holly (EN)

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)

78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex dubia (G.Don) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.; Prelim. Cat. 111 (1888)

= Prinos dubius G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 20 (1832)

= Ilex verticillata var. dubius DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 17 (1825)

species :

Ilex ampla I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 123 (1938)

Distribution: Guatemala

80 GUA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex amplifolia Rusby; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 20 (1896)

Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL

species :

Ilex amygdalina Reissek ex Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 299 (1901)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Ilex andicola Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 161 (1901)

Distribution: Colombia (Nariño); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz)

82 CLM 83 BOL ECU PER

species :

Ilex angulata Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 2(3-4): 266-267, f. 30 (1935)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex angustissima Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 74 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex annamensis Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 117 (1945)

Distribution: Laos; Vietnam

41 LAO VIE

species :

Ilex anodonta Standl. & Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 245 (1940)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

species :

Ilex anomala Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 111 (1832)

Distribution: Marquesas Isl. (Nuku Hiva); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Raiatea); Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, Hawaii Isl.)

61 MRQ SCI 63 HAW

Synonyms: hidden

= Byronia anomala (Hook. & Arn.) A.Heller; Minnesota Bot. Stud. 1: 847 (1895)

= Byronia helleri H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 155 (1911)

= Byronia hookeri Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 242 (1841)

= Byronia sandwicensis Endl.; Ann. Wiener Mus. Naturgesch. 1: 184 (1836)

= Byronia taitensis A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 297 (1854)

= Ilex anomala f. sandwicensis (Endl.) Loes.; Monogr. Aquifol. 67 (1901)

= Ilex anomala f. taitensis (A.Gray) Nadeaud

= Ilex hawaiensis S.Y.Hu; J. Jap. Bot. 42: 14 (1967), in adnot.

= Ilex marquesensis F.Br.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 130: 155 (1935)

= Ilex sandwicensis (Endl.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 218 (1897)

= Ilex taitensis (A.Gray) J.W.Moore; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 102: 31 (1933)

= Polystigma hookeri Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner] 1: 252 (1839)

species :

Ilex anonoides Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 164 (1901)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex crassifolia Hook.; Icon. Pl. 2: t. 149 (1837), nom. illeg.

species :

Ilex antonii Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1666 (1913)

Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)

42 PHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex apicidens N.E.Br.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 6: 22 (1901)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar: Tepuis); Guyana

82 GUY VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex quitensis var. apicidens (N.E.Br.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 281 (1908)

species :

Ilex apiculata Merr.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 19: 162 (1933 publ. 1934)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex apiensis S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 1 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex aquifolium L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 125 (1753)

Name: Europäische Stechpalme (DE), Holly (EN)

Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl., Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; +Sweden; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen [I], Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen [I]); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Monaco; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania [I]; Bulgaria; Greece (N- & C-Greece, Evvoia, Andros); European Russia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos); Turkey (WN-Anatolia); Iran (N-Iran); India [c]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (East Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I]); USA [I] (California [I], Oregon [I], Washington State [I])

10 DEN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM GER HUN LIE LUX NET SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA MCO POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA rom SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 RUS 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 mdr 33 AZE NCS 34 EAI IRN TUR 40 ind 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 63 haw 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 76 usa

Remarks: many minor cultivars and varieties not listed for brevity

Synonyms: hidden

= Aquifolium croceum Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 44 (1838)

= Aquifolium ferox (Aiton) Mill. ex Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 44 (1838)

= Aquifolium heterophyllum Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 44 (1838)

= Aquifolium ilex Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 116 (1772)

= Aquifolium lanceolatum Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 44 (1838)

= Aquifolium planifolium Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 44 (1838)

= Aquifolium spinosum Lam.; Fl. Franç. [Lamarck] 3: 652 (1779)

= Aquifolium spinosum Moench; Methodus [Moench] 72 (1794)

= Aquifolium undulatum Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 44 (1838)

= Aquifolium vulgare St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 128 (1880)

= Ilex aquifolium var. acanthos Münchh.; Hausvater 5: 180 (1770)

= Ilex aquifolium var. albolineata T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 4: 687 (1875)

= Ilex aquifolium var. albomarginata Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 508 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. alcicornis T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 433 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. algarviensis Chodat; Excurs. Bot. Espagne Port. 81 (1909)

= Ilex aquifolium var. angustifolia Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 507 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. arbutifolia T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 752 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. argentea-marginata hort. ex Nordh.; Norsk Fl. [Nordhagen]: 431 (1940), nom. inval.

= Ilex aquifolium var. atrovirens T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 751 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. aureomarginata Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 508 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. aureopicta Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 509 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. bacciflavum Weston; Engl. Fl. [Weston] 17 (1775)

= Ilex aquifolium var. balearica (Desf.) Loes.; Monogr. Ilex 501 (1901)

= Ilex aquifolium var. balearica T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 751 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. barcinonae Pau; Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 32 (1922)

= Ilex aquifolium var. beetii T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 520 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. belgica T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 433 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. bicolor T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 4: 687 (1875)

= Ilex aquifolium var. buxifolia Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1016 (1803)

= Ilex aquifolium var. ciliata Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 507 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. ciliata-major T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 752 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. ciliata-minor Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 507 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. compacta T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 520 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. crassifolia Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 169 (1789)

= Ilex aquifolium var. crassifolia Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1017 (1803)

= Ilex aquifolium var. crispa Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 507 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. dipirena Laurentius; Nursery Cat. (Laurentius´schen Gärtnerei) 40: 42 (1868)

= Ilex aquifolium var. doningtonensis T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 687 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. echinata (Mill.) Münchh.; Hausvater 5: 180 (1770)

= Ilex aquifolium var. elegans Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 3 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. elliptica T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 520 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. ferox Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 169 (1789)

= Ilex aquifolium var. fisheri T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 520 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. foxii T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 752 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. furcata Laurentius; Nursery Cat. (Laurentius´schen Gärtnerei) 40: 42 (1868)

= Ilex aquifolium var. grandifolia T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 433 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. handsworthensis T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 520 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. hastata T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 687 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. hendersonii T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 752 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 169 (1789)

= Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla Borkh.; Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1016 (1803)

= Ilex aquifolium var. heterophyllum Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 433 (1831)

= Ilex aquifolium var. hybrida T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 520 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. ingramii T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 4: 741 (1875)

= Ilex aquifolium var. integrifolia Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 4 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. laetevirens Sennen; Exsicc. (Pl. Esp.): no. 4722, nom. nud.

= Ilex aquifolium var. latifolia Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 507 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. latispina Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 3 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. laucifolia T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 812 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. laurifolia Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa 38 (1825)

= Ilex aquifolium var. lineata T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 752 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. maderensis Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 3 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. magnifica T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 812 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. marginata Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 507 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. microphylla T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 752 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. myrtifolia Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 4 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. nigra T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 433 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. nigrescens T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 752 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. nigricans Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 3 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. nitida Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 61 (1809)

= Ilex aquifolium var. nobilis Laurentius; Nursery Cat. (Laurentius´schen Gärtnerei) 40: 42 (1868)

= Ilex aquifolium var. obscura T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 4: 741 (1875)

= Ilex aquifolium var. opaca Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 61 (1809)

= Ilex aquifolium var. ovata T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 752 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. pendula Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1113 (1842)

= Ilex aquifolium var. platyphylla Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 3 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. polymorpha Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 4 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. recurva Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 169 (1789)

= Ilex aquifolium var. revoluta Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 3 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. rigida T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 433 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. rotundifolia Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 4 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. scotica T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 812 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. senescens Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 1: 462 (1828)

= Ilex aquifolium var. serratifolia Loudon; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon] 158 (1829)

= Ilex aquifolium var. smithiana T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 520 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. thunbergiana Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 3 (1852)

= Ilex aquifolium var. tortuosa T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 812 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. trapeziformis T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 812 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. variegata Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 508 (1838)

= Ilex aquifolium var. virens T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 813 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. whittingtonensis T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 2: 687 (1874)

= Ilex aquifolium var. wiseana T.Moore; Gard. Chron., n. s. 4: 687 (1875)

= Ilex balearica Desf.; Hist. Arbr. France 2: 262 (1809)

= Ilex balearica var. cordata Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 4 (1852)

= Ilex camelliifolia (K.Koch) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 7: 1714 (1913)

= Ilex chrysocarpa Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1828: 3 (1828)

= Ilex ciliata A.Vilm.; Bon Jard. 1860: 1173 (1860)

= Ilex citriocarpa Murr; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 18: 161 (1912)

= Ilex crassifolia Aiton ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 802 (1841)

= Ilex echinata Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)

= Ilex ferox Aiton ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 802 (1841)

= Ilex fischeri Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 59: 43 (1887)

= Ilex myrtifolia var. aureomaculata Van Geert; Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 73: xxi (1875)

= Ilex nigricans (Goepp.) A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 7: 1714 (1913)

= Ilex perado subsp. iberica (Loes.) S.Andrews; Kew Bull. 39: 152 (1984)

= Ilex perado var. iberica Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 247 (1901)

= Ilex platyphylla Booth; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 184 (1853 publ. 1854)

= Ilex sempervirens Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 70 (1796)

= Ilex vulgaris Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 491 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.

species :

Ilex aracamuniana Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76(4): 946 (1989)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex archboldiana Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 333 (1939)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Ilex archeri Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 139 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex ardisiifrons Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 58 (1879)

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Monagas); Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)

82 CLM VEN 83 BOL

species :

Ilex argentina Lillo; Contr. Conoc. Arb. Argent. 20: 7 (1910)

Distribution: Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, Tarija); Argentina (Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman)

83 BOL 85 ARG

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex herzogii Loes.; Meded. Rijks-Herb. 29: 3 (1916)

= Ilex tucumanensis Speg.; Cat. Descr. Maderas [Spegazzini & Girola] 387 (1910)

species :

Ilex arimensis (Loes.) Britton ex R.O.Williams; Fl. Trinidad & Tobago 1: 168 (1930)

Name: Biscuitwood (Trinidad & Tobago)

Distribution: Tobago; Trinidad

81 TRT

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex guianensis var. arimensis Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1(2): 346 (1899)

species :

Ilex arisanensis Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 1: 30-31, f. 10 (1925)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Ilex arnhemensis (F.Muell.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 218 (1897)

subspecies :

subsp. arnhemensis

Distribution: Australia (N-Western Australia: NW-Kimberley, to W-Arnhem Land, Northern Territory)

50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Byronia arnhemensis F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 2: 119 (1860)

subspecies :

subsp. ferdinandi (Harms) Jessup; Fl. Australia 22: 223 (1984)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (NE-Queensland)

42 NWG 50 AUS

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex ferdinandi Harms; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], 2. Aufl., 20b: 56 (1942)

= Ilex forbesii Baker f. [J.Bot.61: Suppl.10 (1923)]

= Ilex ledermannii Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 81 (1924)

= Ilex peduncularis F.Muell.; Fragm. [Mueller] 7: 105 (1870), non Reissek (1861)

species :

Ilex asperula Mart. ex Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 48 (1879)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

variant :

var. pyrenea Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 218 (1901)

Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex asprella (Hook. & Arn.) Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 329 (1852)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro)

36 CHI 38 TAI 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex gracilipes Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 3(4): 237 (1908)

= Ilex merrillii Briq.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 20: 421 (1919)

= Ilex oxyphylla Miq.; J. Bot. Néerl. 1: 124 (1861)

= Prinos asprellus Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 176-177, t. 36 (1833)

variant :

var. megalophylla T.R.Dudley; Feddes Repert. 91(9-10): 577 (1980)

Distribution: Philippines

42 PHI

variant :

var. tapuensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 271 (1949)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex atabapoensis T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 159 (1997), nom. nov.

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex spathulata Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 331 (1988) non Koidz. (1925)

species :

Ilex atrata W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10(46): 40-41 (1917)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex atrata var. wangii S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 305-306 (1949)

= Ilex atrata var. glabra C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 5 (1985)

species :

Ilex auricula S.Andrews; Kew Bull. 37(4): 681 (1983)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex austrosinensis C.J.Tseng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 415-416 (1984)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex azuensis Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 516 (1913)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

species :

Ilex baasiana B.C.Stone & Kiew; Malayan Nat. J. 37(3): 195 (1984)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Gunung Ulu Kali, Pahang)

42 MLY

species :

Ilex bahiahondica (Loes.) P.A.González; Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A, Pl. Vasc. Pl. Vasc. 9(Aquifoliaceae): 22 (2004)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex nitida subsp. bahiahondica (Loes.) Borhidi; Bot. Közlem. 58(3): 176 (1971)

= Ilex nitida var. bahiahondica Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9(1): 73 (1923)

species :

Ilex barahonica Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 518 (1913)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

species :

Ilex bartlettii Merr.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 19: 162 (1933 publ. 1934)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex belizensis Lundell; Phytologia 1: 217 (1937)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Veracruz); Belize; Honduras

79 MEX 80 BLZ HON

species :

Ilex berteroi Loes. ex Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 320 (1892)

Distribution: Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 CUB HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex berteroi var. ovalifolia Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 272 (1912)

= Ilex berteroi var. buchiana Loes.; Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 16 (1929)

species :

Ilex bidens C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 25 (1985)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex bidoupensis Yahara & Tagane; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 71(3): 202 (2020)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Ilex bioritsensis Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 53 (1911)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, SW Hebei, ?Hubei, Sichuan, NE-Yunnan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Taiwan; Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 41 MYA

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex bioritsensis var. ciliospinosa (Loes.) H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 43 (1933)

= Ilex ciliospinosa Loes.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1: 78 (1911)

= Ilex diplosperma S.Y.Hu; Icon. Pl. Omeiensium 2: pl. 163 (1946)

= Ilex pernyi f. veitchii (H.J.Veitch) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 400 (1949)

= Ilex pernyi var. veitchii (H.J.Veitch) Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 650 (1914)

= Ilex veitchii J.H.Veitch; New Hardy Pl. China 4 (1912)

species :

Ilex biserrulata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 463 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex blancheana Judd; Rhodora 88(856): 436 (1986)

Distribution: Haiti

81 HIS

species :

Ilex blanchetii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 415 (1901)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex bogorensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 82 (1901)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex boliviana Britton ex Rusby; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3: 3 15 (1893)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)

83 BOL ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex amboroica Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 61 (1909)

= Ilex boliviana var. aculata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 155 (1901)

= Ilex boliviana var. brittoniana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 155 (1901)

= Ilex boliviana var. rusbyana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 155 (1901)

species :

Ilex borneensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 284 (1901)

Distribution: Borneo

42 BOR

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex brachyphylla (Hand.-Mazz.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 61 (1950)

Distribution: China (Hunan, ?Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex ficoidea var. brachyphylla Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 658, pl. 10, f. 23 (1933)

species :

Ilex brandegeeana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 148 (1901), nom. nov.

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tamaulipas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex triflora Brandegee; Gard. & Forest 7: 414 (1894), no I. triflora Blume, 1826

species :

Ilex brasiliensis (Spreng.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 220 (1897)

Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Guaira, San Pedro); Argentina (Misiones)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex brasiliensis f. balansae Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 369 (1901)

= Ilex brasiliensis f. coronaria Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 369 (1901)

= Ilex brasiliensis var. parvifolia Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 369 (1901)

= Ilex brasiliensis var. pubiflora (Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 369 (1901)

= Ilex pubiflora Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 53 (1879)

= Ilex pubiflora var. angustifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 53 (1861)

= Ilex pubiflora var. latifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 53 (1861)

= Ilex pubiflora var. parvifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 53 (1861)

= Rhamnus brasiliensis Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 768 (1824)

species :

Ilex brassii Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 334 (1939)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Ilex brevicuspis Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 56 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Guaira, Itapua); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex caaguazuensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 295 (1901)

species :

Ilex brevipedicellata Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 322 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex buergeri Miq.; Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Ser. 2, 2: 84 (1866 publ. 1868)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

36 CHI 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex buergeri f. subpuberula (Miq.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 311 (1901)

= Ilex subpuberula Miq.; Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Ser. 2, 2: 84 (1866 publ. 1868)

variant :

var. rolfei (Elmer) Loes. ex Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1664 (1913)

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao)

42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex rolfei Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 314 (1908)

species :

Ilex bullata Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 212 (1949)

Distribution: Colombia (Valle)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex buxifolia Gardner; London J. Bot. 4: 132 (1845)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex buxoides S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(3): 242-244 (1950)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex calcicola W.B.Liao & K.W.Xu; Phytotaxa 326(4): 246 (2017)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex canariensis Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.], Suppl. 3: 67 (1814)

subspecies :

subsp. canariensis

Name: Kanaren-Stechpalme (DE); Acebino (ES)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma)

21 CNY MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex perado Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 157 (1825)

subspecies :

subsp. azevinho (Sol. ex Lowe) G.Kunkel; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 28: 21 (1976 publ. 1977)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)

21 MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex azevinho Sol. ex Lowe; Man. Fl. Madeira 1: 12 (1857)

species :

Ilex cardonae Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 323 (1988)

Distribution: ?S-Venezuela; N-Brazil (Tepuis)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex casiquiarensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 437 (1901)

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas); Venezuela (Amazonas); French Guiana; N-Brazil (Amazonas)

82 CLM FRG VEN 84 BRA

species :

Ilex cassine L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 125 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. cassine

Name: Dahoon; Lanilla blanca, Vigueta de naranjo, Vigueta naranja, Vigueta naranjo, Yanilla blanca (Cuba)

Distribution: Pakistan [I]; Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina); Bahamas; Cuba

40 pak 63 haw 78 USA 81 BAH CUB

Remarks: some synonyms listed probably belong to I. vomitoria

Synonyms: hidden

= Ageria cassena (L.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 47 (1838)

= Ageria geminata Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 48 (1838)

= Ageria heterophylla Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 48 (1838)

= Ageria obovata Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 48 (1838)

= Ageria palustris Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 47 (1838)

= Cassine caroliniana Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 1: 652 (1783)

= Cassine peragua L.; Mant. Pl. Altera [Linnaeus] 220 (1771) non L. 1753 (Celastraceae)

= Cassine ramulosa Raf.; Fl. Ludov. 110 (1817)

= Hexotria lanceolata Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 4: 265 (1818)

= Hierophyllus cassena (Michx.) Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 8, 9 (1830)

= Ilex angustifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 70 (1796)

= Ilex angustifolia var. ligustrifolia Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 118 (1813)

= Ilex angustifolia Willd.; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 172 (1821)

= Ilex atramentaria Barton; Fl. Virgin. [Barton] 67 (1812)

= Ilex cassine var. angustifolia Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 170 (1789)

= Ilex cassine var. latifolia Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 170 (1789)

= Ilex cassine var. ligustrifolia Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 507 (1892)

= Ilex cassine var. parvifolia C.K.Schneid.; Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. [C.K.Schneider] 2: 160 (1907)

= Ilex cassinoides Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 6: 251 (1811)

= Ilex cassinoides Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 148 (1821), nom. illeg.

= Ilex castaneifolia Decne.; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 186 (1853 publ. 1854)

= Ilex dahoon var. angustifolia (Aiton) Torr. & A.Gray ex S.Watson; Bibliogr. Index N. Amer. Bot. 1: 158 (1878)

= Ilex dahoon var. laurifolia (Nutt.) Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 4 (1852)

= Ilex dahoon var. ligustrina (Elliott) Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl. 207 (1870)

= Ilex dahoon Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 241 (1788)

= Ilex lanceolata Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 270 (1860)

= Ilex lanceolata Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 56 (1866), nom. illeg.

= Ilex laurifolia Nutt.; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 5: 289 (1822)

= Ilex ligustrifolia G.Don; Gen. Hist. 2: 19 (1832)

= Ilex ligustrina Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 208 (1822)

= Ilex peragua (L.) Trel.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 346 (1889)

= Ilex phillyreifolia Decne.; Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 186 (1853 publ. 1854)

= Ilex ramulosa Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 44 (1838)

= Ilex religiosa Barton; Fl. Virgin. [Barton] 66 (1812)

= Ilex rosmarinifolia Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 256 (1792)

= Ilex watsoniana Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 2: 429 (1834)

= Ilex wrightii Trel.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 349 (1892)

= Prinos cassinoides Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 396 (1841)

= Prinos lanceolatus Hill; Veg. Syst. 16: 57 (1770)

subspecies :

subsp. mexicana (Turcz.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Sinaloa, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN I

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex cassine f. glabra Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15(3): 312 (1892)

= Ilex cassine f. hirtella Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15(3): 312 (1892)

= Ilex cassine subsp. chiapensis (Sharp) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Ilex cassine var. chiapensis Sharp

= Ilex cassine var. mexicana (Turcz.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 147 (1901)

= Ilex mexicana (Turcz.) Black ex Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 1: 187 (1882)

= Pileostegia mexicana Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 32(1): 276 (1859)

species :

Ilex cauliflora H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 24 (1985)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex celebensis Capit.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57: 236 (1910)

Distribution: Sulawesi; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG SUL

variant :

var. ranauana S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 2 (1998)

Distribution: Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah)

42 BOR SUM

species :

Ilex celebesiaca Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 205 (1901)

Distribution: Sulawesi

42 SUL

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex centrochinensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 351 (1949)

Distribution: China (Anhui, ?Hubei, ?Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex aquifolium var. chinensis Loes. ex Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 435 (1900)

= Ilex dipyrena var. leptacantha (Lindl. & Paxton) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 278 (1901)

= Ilex huoshanensis Y.H.He; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40: 380 (2002)

= Ilex leptacantha Lindl. & Paxton; Paxton´s Fl. Gard. 3: 72 (1852)

species :

Ilex cerasifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 55 (1879)

Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex cerasifolia var. glaziovii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 298 (1901)

= Ilex cerasifolia var. lagoensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 298 (1901)

species :

Ilex chamaebuxus C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 26 (1985)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex chamaedryfolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 73 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex chamaedryfolia var. mugiensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 196 (1901)

species :

Ilex championii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 349 (1901)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Xinjiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex memecylifolia var. nummularifolia Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 329 (1852)

species :

Ilex chapaensis Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 21(3): 373-374 (1940)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Hainan, SE-Yunnan); Laos; N-Vietnam

36 CHI 41 LAO VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex howii Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 5(1-3): 107-108 (1940)

= Ilex megistocarpa Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 21(3): 373 (1940)

species :

Ilex chengbuensis C.J.Qi & Q.Z.Lin; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20(1): 1 (2000)

Distribution: China (Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex chengkouensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 15-16, f. 2 (1981)

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex cheniana T.R.Dudley; Holly Soc. J. 6(4): 15 (1988), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex congesta H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 4 (1985)

species :

Ilex chevalieri Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 1 18 (1945)

Distribution: Cambodia; Vietnam

41 CBD VIE

species :

Ilex chimantaensis T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 168 (1997), nom. nov.

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex chimantaensis var. pygmaea (Edwin) T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 169 (1997)

= Ilex edwinii R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(2): 6 (2024), nom. nov. for Ilex sulcata Edwin

= Ilex sulcata Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 141 (1965), homonym, non Wall.

= Ilex sulcata var. pygmaea Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 141 (1965)

species :

Ilex chinensis Sims; Bot. Mag. 46: pl. 2043 (1819)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, ?Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, ?Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Thailand; Vietnam

36 CHI 38 JAP TAI 41 THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Callicarpa cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(222-226): 455 (1911)

= Celastrus bodinieri H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363-367): 263 (1914)

= Embelia rubroviolacea H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(257-259): 375 (1912)

= Ilex chinensis f. angustifolia Sugim.; J. Geobot. 24: 62 (1977)

= Ilex jinggangshanensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 8-9 (1981)

= Ilex lucida Blume ex Miq.; nom. nud.

= Ilex myriadenia Hance; J. Bot. 21(10): 296 (1883)

= Ilex oldhamii Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 105 (1867)

= Ilex purpurea Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 230 (1844)

= Ilex purpurea var. myriadenia (Hance) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 113 (1901)

= Ilex purpurea var. nervosa Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: ? (1901)

= Ilex purpurea var. oldhamii (Miq.) Loes. ex Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 435 (1900)

= Symplocos courtoisii H.Lév.; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Barcelona, Ser. 3, 12: 256 (1916)

species :

Ilex chingiana Hu & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 252 (1940)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. megacarpa (H.G.Ye & H.S.Chen) L.G.Lei; Fl. China 11: 396 (2008)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex megacarpa H.G.Ye & H.S.Chen; J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 9(4): 311 (2001)

variant :

var. puberula S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 382 (1949)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex chiriquensis Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 88 (1940)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca, Valle)

80 COS PAN 82 CLM

species :

Ilex chuguangii M.M.Lin; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 33(3): 257 (2013)

Distribution: China (Fujian)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex chuniana S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 397 (1951)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex ciliolata Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 323 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex cinerea Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 327-328 (1852)

Distribution: China (?Fujian, Guangdong, ?Hainan, Xinjiang); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex cinerea var. faberi Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 335 (1901)

species :

Ilex cissoidea Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 430 (1901)

Distribution: Borneo; Brunei

42 BOR BRN

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex clemensiae Heine; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 6: 208 (1953)

Distribution: Borneo; Brunei

42 BOR BRN

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex clementis Britton & P.Wilson; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 78 (1920)

Distribution: Cuba; Hispaniola

81 CUB HIS

species :

Ilex clethriflora S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 3 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex cochinchinensis (Lour.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 230 (1901)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan); S-Taiwan; Cambodia; N-Vietnam

36 CHI 38 TAI 41 CBD VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Hexacadica corymbosa (Lour.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 158 (1838)

= Hexadica cochinchinensis Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 562 (1790)

= Ilex ardisioides Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 359 (1901)

= Ilex cleyeroides Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 53 (1913)

= Ilex oligadenia Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 5(1-3): 108-109, pl. 14 (1940)

species :

Ilex cochlearifolia Schlüssel & Barriera; Candollea 78(1): 56 (2023)

Distribution: Panama; Colombia; Ecuador

80 PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU

species :

Ilex cognata Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 68 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex colchica Pojark.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 8 (1947 publ. 1945)

subspecies :

subsp. colchica

Distribution: Bulgaria; European Turkey; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey (N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, S-Anatolia)

13 BUL TUE 33 GEO NCS 34 TUR

subspecies :

subsp. imerethica (Gagnidze) Gagnidze; Fl. Gruzii 8: 217 (1983)

Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus]

33 GEO

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex imerethica Gagnidze; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 25: 38 (1965)

species :

Ilex collina Alexander; Castanea 6: 30 (1941)

Name: Longstalk holly

Distribution: USA (North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, ?Georgia)

75 USA 78 USA

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex collina f. vantrompii (M.G.Brooks) Core & H.A.Davis; Proc. West Virginia Acad. Sci. 16: 39 (1944)

= Ilex longipes f. vantrompii M.G.Brooks; Castanea 5: 15 (1940)

= Nemopanthus collinus (Alexander) R.C.Clark; J. Arnold Arbor. 55(3): 437 (1974)

= Nemopanthus collinus f. vantrompii (M.G.Brooks) R.C.Clark; J. Arnold Arbor. 55: 438 (1974)

species :

Ilex colombiana Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 207 (1949)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cauca, Huila); Ecuador

82 CLM 83 ECU

species :

Ilex condensata Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 32(1): 277 (1859)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Veracruz)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex ambigua var. condensata (Turcz.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 221 (1897)

species :

Ilex condorensis Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18, t. 279A (1893)

Distribution: S-Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Ilex confertiflora Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 13(1): 35 (1934)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan); Cambodia; Vietnam; ?Borneo

36 CHI 41 CBD VIE

variant :

var. kwangsiensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 72 (1950)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex congesta Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 56 (1879)

Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex congonhinha Loes.; Biol. Centralbl. 13: 450 (1893)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex conocarpa Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 65 (1879)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex conocarpa var. brevipetiolata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 452 (1901)

species :

Ilex cookii Britton & P.Wilson; Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 6: 357 (1926)

Distribution: Puerto Rico

81 PUE

Conservation Status: endangered (U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service) and IUCN CR

species :

Ilex corallina Franch.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 452-453 (1886)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex corallina var. macrocarpa S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 67 (1950)

= Ilex corallina var. pubescens S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 66 (1950)

= Ilex corallina var. wangiana (S.Y.Hu) Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(1): 16 (1985)

= Ilex wangiana S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 54 (1950)

variant :

var. aberrans Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 657 (1933)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex corallina var. loeseneri H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 200 (1914)

species :

Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 270 (1860)

Name: Sweet gallberry

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)

77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ennepta atomaria (Nutt.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 52 (1838)

= Ennepta coriacea (Pursh) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 52 (1838)

= Ilex lucida Torr. & A.Gray ex S.Watson; Bibliogr. Index N. Amer. Bot. 1: 159 (1880)

= Prinos atomarius Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 213 (1818)

= Prinos coriaceus Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 221 (1813)

= Prinos coriaceus var. angustifolius Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 221 (1813)

= Prinos coriaceus var. latifolius Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 221 (1813)

= Prinos glaber P.Watson; Dendrol. Brit. 1: t. 27 (1825), nom. illeg.

= Prinos lucidus Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 478 (1789)

species :

Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton; Paxton´s Fl. Gard. 1: 43, f. 27 (1850)

Name: Chinese holly

Distribution: China (Anhui, ?Fujian, ?Hainan, ?Hebei, ?Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); South Korea; USA [I] (Alabama [I], North Carolina [I], California [I], Louisiana [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I])

36 CHI 38 KOR 76 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex cornuta f. gaetana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 281 (1901)

= Ilex cornuta var. fortunei (Lindl.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 356 (1949)

= Ilex coronaria var. angustifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 55 (1861)

= Ilex coronaria var. latifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 55 (1861)

= Ilex fortunei f. aureovariegata Schelle; Handb. Laubholzben. [Beissner et al.] 291 (1903)

= Ilex fortunei Lindl.; Gard. Chron. 1857: 868 (1857)

= Ilex furcata Lindl. ex Goepp.; Gartenflora 3: 322 (1854)

species :

Ilex corymbosa A.J.Ford & Halford; Telopea 24: 234 (2021)

Distribution: Australia (Queensland)

50 AUS

species :

Ilex costaricensis Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 57: 416 (1914)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz); Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama

79 MEX 80 COS NIC PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex brenesii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 629 (1937)

= Ilex valerii Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 483 (1926)

species :

Ilex costata Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 137 (1965) non Blume ex Maxim. 1881

Distribution: Guyana; N-Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas)

82 GUY 84 BRA

species :

Ilex cowanii Wurdack; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(4): 6 (1961)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex crassifolioides Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 160 (1901)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Ilex crenata Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 78 (1784) ex A. Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 168 (1784)

Name: Japanese holly (EN), Japanische Stechpalme (DE)

Distribution: Germany [I]; China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shandong [I], Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Myanmar; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon, Negros, Camiguin de Mindanao, Mindanao); USA [I] (District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Louisiana [I], North Carolina [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I])

11 ger 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR TAI 41 MYA VIE 42 PHI 75 usa 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Celastrus adenophylla Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 2: 85 (1865)

= Eurya myrtilloides Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 323 (1908)

= Ilex burfordii (De France) S.R.Howell; Cat. [Howell] 1935: 19 (1935)

= Ilex cornuta f. burfordii (De France) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 400 (1949)

= Ilex cornuta var. burfordii De France; Natl. Hort. Mag. 13: 193 (1934)

= Ilex crenata f. bullata Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 12: 73 (1931)

= Ilex crenata f. convexa (Makino) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 402 (1949)

= Ilex crenata f. fastigiata (Makino) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 69 (1954)

= Ilex crenata f. helleri (Verkade) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 417 (1939)

= Ilex crenata f. kusnetzoffii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 202 (1901)

= Ilex crenata f. latifolia (Goldring) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 402 (1949)

= Ilex crenata f. longifolia (Goldring) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1908: 161 (1908)

= Ilex crenata f. longipedunculata S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 324 (1949)

= Ilex crenata f. luteovariegata (Regel) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1908: 161 (1908)

= Ilex crenata f. luzonica (Rolfe) Loes., Nov.Act.Deutsch.Akad.Naturf.78 (1901) 201

= Ilex crenata f. microphylla Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 17: 160 (1908)

= Ilex crenata f. multicrenata (C.J.Tseng) S.K.Chen; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(2): 62 (1999)

= Ilex crenata f. nummularia (Yatabe) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 70 (1954)

= Ilex crenata f. pendula (Koidz.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 71 (1954)

= Ilex crenata f. tricocca (Makino) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 71 (1954), nom. inval.

= Ilex crenata f. variegata G.Nicholson; Hand-list Trees & Shrubs Arb. 61 (1894), nomen

= Ilex crenata f. watanabeana Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 1(4): 12 (1917)

= Ilex crenata subsp. fukasawana (Makino) Murata; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 25(2-3): 41 (1972)

= Ilex crenata var. aureovariegata Goldring; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 31: 129 (1887)

= Ilex crenata var. convexa Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 27 (1928)

= Ilex crenata var. fastigiata Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 252 (1913)

= Ilex crenata var. fukasawana Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 77 (1913)

= Ilex crenata var. hachijoensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 573 (1926)

= Ilex crenata var. latifolia Goldring; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 31: 129 (1887)

= Ilex crenata var. longifolia Goldring; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 31: 129 (1887)

= Ilex crenata var. luteovariegata Regel; Gartenflora 13: 39 (1864)

= Ilex crenata var. major G.Nicholson ex Dallim.; Holly Yew Box 121 (1908)

= Ilex crenata var. mariesii Bean ex Dallim.; Holly Yew Box 122 (1908)

= Ilex crenata var. microphylla (Rehder) Maxim. ex Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1640 (1915)

= Ilex crenata var. multicrenata C.J.Tseng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 414 (1984)

= Ilex crenata var. nummularia Yatabe; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 6: 157 (1892)

= Ilex crenata var. pendula Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 8: 194 (1939)

= Ilex crenata var. rotundifolia Maxim. ex Matsum.; Shokubutsu Mai-i: 149 (1895)

= Ilex crenata var. rotundifolia Maxim. ex Murak.; Icon. Encycl. Bot. 5: 72 (1935)

= Ilex crenata var. tokarensis Hatus.; J. Geobot. 19(4): 108 (1971)

= Ilex crenata var. tricocca Makino; Jissai-engei 27: 1096 (1944), nomen

= Ilex crenata var. variegata G.Nicholson ex Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 17: 161 (1908)

= Ilex elliptica Siebold ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 104 (1867) (non Humb.)

= Ilex euryifolia T.Mori & Yamam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 485 (1932)

= Ilex helleri Verkade; Nursery Cat. (Verkade) 1936: 13 (1936)

= Ilex luzonica Rolfe; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 309 (1884)

= Ilex nummularia Franch. & Sav.; Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 311 (1878) (non Reissek.)

= Ilex yuana S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 396 (1951)

= Prinos crenatus Regel; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 103 (1866)

variant :

var. radicans (Nakai) Murai; Prelim. Rep. Fl. Towada & Hakkoda 69 (1935)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex crenata f. microphylla Tatew.; Veg. Rebun 11 (1934), nom. illeg.

= Ilex crenata subsp. radicans (Nakai) Tatew.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 243 (1933), nomen

= Ilex crenata var. caespitosa Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 188 (1944)

= Ilex crenata var. paludosa (Nakai) H.Hara; Sci. Res. Ozegahara Moor 446 (1954)

= Ilex kirinsanensis Nakai; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 16 (1953)

= Ilex radicans Nakai; Veg. Apoi 37, 58 (1930), nomen seminud.

= Ilex radicans Nakai ex H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 187 (1936)

= Ilex radicans var. paludosa Nakai; J. Jap. Bot. 20: 189 (1944)

variant :

var. thomsonii (Hook.f.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 202, t. 4, f. 2c (1901)

Distribution: Bhutan; India (Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim); Myanmar (Kachin)

40 BHU IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex thomsonii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 602 (1875)

species :

Ilex cristata Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 333 (1939)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Ilex cubana Loes. ex Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 314 (1893)

Distribution: Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 CUB HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex cubana var. tiburonica Loes.in O.C.Schmidt; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 179 (1933)

= Ilex lindenii Loes. ex Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 323 (1893)

= Ilex nannophylla Borhidi & O.Muñiz; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22(3-4): 308 (1976 publ. 1977)

= Ilex nunezii Borhidi; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17 (1-2): 11 (1971 publ. 1972)

= Ilex turquinensis Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 12: 3 (1953)

species :

Ilex cuiabensis Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 71 (1861)

Distribution: WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)

84 BRA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex culminicola Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 322 (1952)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex curranii Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 273 (1920 publ. 1921)

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)

42 PHI

species :

Ilex curtissii (Fernald) Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 815 (1933)

Distribution: USA (Florida, Georgia)

78 USA

Remarks: valid species fide Clark 2023, with clear distribution boundaries

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex decidua var. curtissii Fernald; Bot. Gaz. 33: 155 (1902)

species :

Ilex cuzcoana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 273 (1908)

Distribution: Colombia (Nariño); Ecuador; Peru

82 CLM 83 ECU PER

species :

Ilex cymosa Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1149 (1826)

Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi); Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Leyte, Mindanao, Bucas Grande); Java; Moluccas; Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.

41 CBD MYA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW MLY MOL PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex cumingiana Rolfe; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 308 (1884)

= Ilex cymosa var. cumingiana (Rolfe) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 76 (1901)

= Ilex fabrilis Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18, t. 280A (1893)

= Ilex philippinensis Rolfe; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 308 (1884)

= Ilex singapuriana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6526 (1832), nomen

= Ilex thorelii Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18, t. 280B (1893)

= Leucodermis javanica Planch. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 605 (1875)

= Prinos cymosa (Blume) Hassk.; Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: 140 (1843)

= Pseudehretia paniculata Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 607 (1863)

species :

Ilex cyrtura Merr.; Brittonia 4(1): 101 (1941)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, NW-Yunnan); Bhutan; N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 40 BHU 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex gracilis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 28 (1981), nom. illeg.

= Ilex neogracilis I.M.Turner; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51: 307 (2014)

species :

Ilex dabieshanensis K.Yao & M.B.Deng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25(4): 324-325, f. 1 (1987)

Distribution: China (W-Anhui)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex danielis Killip & Cuatrec.; Trop. Woods, No. 101, 14 (1955)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Bolívar)

82 CLM VEN

species :

Ilex daphnogenea Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 46 (1879)

Distribution: Guyana; French Guiana

82 FRG GUY

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex laurina Klotzsch; Reis. Br.-Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 1183 (1849), non Kunth

species :

Ilex dasyclada C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 13 (1985)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex dasyphylla Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 311-312 (1929 publ. 1931)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex flaveomollissima F.P.Metcalf; Lingnan Sci. J. 11(1): 14 (1932)

species :

Ilex davidsei Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 324 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex decidua Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 241 (1788)

Name: Possumhaw

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia); Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Ageria retusa Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 46 (1838)

= Ilex aestivalis Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 147 (1789)

= Ilex berberidifolia Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 221 (1929), non von Heer (1857)

= Ilex cuthbertii Small; Man. S.E. Fl. [Small] 815 (1933) (synonym fide Clark 2023)

= Ilex decidua var. urbana Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861): 497 (1861)

= Ilex prinoides Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 169 (1789)

= Ilex prionites Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 8 (1814)

= Ilex tenuifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 70 (1796)

= Prinos deciduus (Walter) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 16 (1825)

= Prinos deciduus var. aestivalis (Lam.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 17 (1825)

variant :

var. mulleri Edwin ex T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 136 (1997)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo Leon)

79 MEX

species :

Ilex dehongensis S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng; Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 40(2): 173 (1999)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex delavayi Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 12(15-16): 255-256 (1898)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); Tibet; N-Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex delavayi var. comberiana S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 48 (1950)

= Ilex delavayi var. exalata H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 44 (1933)

= Ilex delavayi var. linearifolia S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 48 (1950)

= Ilex delavayi var. muliensis W.P.Fang & Z.M.Tan; J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 1983(2): 81 (1983)

species :

Ilex densifolia Miq.; Pl. Jungh. [Miquel] 396 (1855)

Distribution: Java

42 JAW

species :

Ilex denticulata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4333 (1830), ex Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 147 (1850)

Distribution: China [I] (Yunnan [I]); India (Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka

36 chi 40 IND SRL

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex nilagirica Miq. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(3): 600 (1875)

species :

Ilex depressifructu Pruesapan & Welzen; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 49(1): 67 (2021)

Distribution: Thailand

41 THA

species :

Ilex dianguiensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 25-26 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex dicarpa Y.R.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(3): 352 (1981)

Distribution: SE-Tibet (Medog)

36 TIB

species :

Ilex dictyoneura Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 88 (1901)

Distribution: N-Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Ilex dimorphophylla Koidz.; Pl. Nov. Amami-Ohsim. 12 (1928)

Distribution: Ryukyu Isl. (Amami Oshima)

38 NNS

Conservation Status: IUCN E

species :

Ilex dioica (Vahl) Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 171 (1861)

Name: Citronnier-montage (Lesser Antilles)

Distribution: Jamaica; Nevis; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Martinique; St. Vincent; Grenada; Venezuela

81 GDL GRE JAM MAR MTS STK STV 82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Prinos dioicus Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 2: 25 (1798)

variant :

var. fendleri Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 362 (1901)

Distribution: Venezuela (Aragua)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex diospyroides Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 47 (1879)

Distribution: Colombia (Guainía, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); N-Brazil (Amazonas)

82 CLM VEN 84 BRA

species :

Ilex dipyrena Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 1: 473-474 (1820)

Distribution: China (SW-Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Pakistan (Hazara, Murree); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Darjeeling, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex andersonii Pasq.; Cat. Ort. Bot. Napoli 55 (1867)

= Ilex bioritsensis var. integra H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18(86): 43 (1933)

= Ilex cunninghamii Loudon; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon], new ed., Suppl. 2: 1302 (1855)

= Ilex dentonii Loudon; Encycl. Pl. [Loudon], new ed., Suppl. 2: 1302 (1855)

= Ilex dipyrena var. connexiva W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10(46): 41 (1917)

= Ilex dipyrena var. cunninghamii Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 4 (1852)

= Ilex dipyrena var. paucispinosa Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 283 (1908)

= Ilex elliptica (Dallim.) Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 647 (1914)

= Ilex monopyrena Watt ex Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 275 (1901)

= Nemopanthus andersonii Pasq.; Cat. Ort. Bot. Napoli: adn. (1867)

= Nemopanthus ilicifolia Dippel; Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 503 (1892), Koehne. Deutsche Dendrol. 370 (1893)

species :

Ilex discolor Hemsl.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 5 (1878)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras

79 MEX 80 GUA HON

variant :

var. tolucana (Hemsl.) Edwin ex T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 182 (1997)

Distribution: Mexico (Baja California Sur, Sinaloa, Durango, Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, México State, Veracruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas); Honduras

79 MEX 80 HON

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex tolucana Hemsl.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Mexic. 5 (1878)

= Ilex tolucana var. bourgaeavi Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 302 (1901)

= Ilex tolucana var. californica Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 302 (1901)

= Ilex tolucana var. liebmannii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 302 (1901)

species :

Ilex diuretica Mart. ex Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 61 (1861)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex divaricata Mart. ex Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 57 (1861)

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Sucre); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Acre, Rondônia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso)

82 CLM VEN 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ficus notabilis Doweld; Kew Bull. 73(4)-48: 1 (2018), nom. nov. for Ficus gracilis Pittier

= Ficus gracilis Pittier; Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 9: 119 (1944)

species :

Ilex dolichopoda Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 5(1-3): 107, pl. 13 (1940)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex duarteensis Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 181 (1933)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

species :

Ilex dugesii Fernald; Bot. Gaz. 20: 533 (1895)

Distribution: Mexico (Guanajuato, Durango, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

species :

Ilex duidae Gleason; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 58: 384 (1931)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex dumosa Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 64 (1879)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Cordillera, Misiones, San Pedro); Uruguay (Montevideo)

84 BRA 85 PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Chomelia amara Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 1: t. 107 (1825 publ. 1829)

= Ilex amara (Vell.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 221 (1897)

= Ilex amara f. densiserrata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 460 (1901)

= Ilex amara f. humboldtiana (Bonpl. ex Miers) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 459 (1901)

= Ilex amara f. leucocalycoides Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 462 (1901)

= Ilex amara f. microphylla Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 461 (1901)

= Ilex amara f. nigropunctata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 459 (1901)

= Ilex amara f. ovalifolia Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 460 (1901)

= Ilex amara var. angustifolia Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 462 (1901)

= Ilex amara var. bahiensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 292 (1908)

= Ilex amara var. crepitans Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 462 (1901)

= Ilex amara var. latifolia Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 460 (1901)

= Ilex amara var. longifolia Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 459 (1901)

= Ilex amara var. muenteriana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 462 (1901)

= Ilex amara var. tijucensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 463 (1901)

= Ilex crepitans Bonpl. ex Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 8: 395 (1861), nom. inval.

= Ilex dumosa var. montevideensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 198 (1901)

= Ilex dumosa var. mosenii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 199 (1901)

= Ilex humboldtiana Bonpl. ex Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 8: 395 (1861)

= Ilex ovalifolia Bonpl. ex Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 8: 396 (1861), nom. illeg.

= Ilex paraguariensis var. longifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 62 (1861)

variant :

var. guaranina Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 198 (1901)

Distribution: Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Cordillera, Guaira, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)

85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex dumosa f. angustifolia Chodat & Hassl.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 5: 74 (1905)

species :

Ilex editicostata Hu & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 247-248 (1940)

Distribution: China (?Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex chowii S.Y.Hu; Icon. Pl. Omeiensium 2: pl. 157 (1946)

= Ilex editicostata var. chowii (S.Y.Hu) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 294 (1949)

species :

Ilex elliptica Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 70 (1825)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá); Peru

82 CLM 83 PER

species :

Ilex elmerrilliana S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(2): 229-230 (1950)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex subrotundifolia C.J.Qi & Q.Z.Lin; J. Centr. S. Forest. Univ. 19(4): 80 (1999), nom. illeg.

species :

Ilex embelioides Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 601 (1875)

Distribution: India (Meghalaya, West Bengal, Assam); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin)

40 BAN IND 41 MYA

Conservation Status: IUCN I

species :

Ilex emmae D.M.Hicks; Kew Bull. 59(4): 581 (2005)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)

42 NWG

species :

Ilex engleriana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 428 (1901)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex englishii Lace; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 379 (1914)

Distribution: Myanmar (Chin, Kachin, Mandalay)

41 MYA

species :

Ilex eoa Alain; Candollea 17: 117 (1960)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

species :

Ilex ericoides Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 176 (1901)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

species :

Ilex estriata C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 37-38 (1981)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex eugeniifolia Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18, t. 278B (1893)

Distribution: Laos; S-Vietnam

41 LAO VIE

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex euryaeformis Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 61 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex euryoides C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 16-17 (1981)

Distribution: China (W-Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex excavata Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18, t. 278A (1893)

Distribution: S-Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Ilex excelsa (Wall.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 603 (1875)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh)

36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Cassine excelsa Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 376-378 (1824)

= Ilex doniana DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 644 (1825)

= Ilex elliptica D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 189 (1825) (non Kunth (1825))

= Ilex exsulca Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 152, no. 4328 (1831), nomen

= Ilex nepalensis Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 4 (Cur. Post.): 48 (1827)

= Ilex rotunda subsp. excelsa (Wall.) D.Y.Hong; Phytotaxa 230(2): 163 (2015)

variant :

var. hypotricha (Loes.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 308 (1949)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh); Bangladesh

36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex excelsa f. hypotricha (Loes.) H.Hara; Fl. E. Himalaya 2: 70 (1971)

= Ilex hypotricha Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 103 (1901)

species :

Ilex fanshawei Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: No. 3. 137 (1965)

Distribution: Guyana

82 GUY

species :

Ilex farallonensis Cuatrec.; Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 79 (1951)

Distribution: Colombia (Valle)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex fargesii Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 3(5): 255 (1898)

subspecies :

subsp. fargesii

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, S-Shanxi, NE-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex fargesii f. megalophylla Loes.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1(1): 77 (1911)

= Ilex fargesii var. angustifolia C.Y.Chang; Fl. Tsinling. 1(3): 451 (1981)

= Ilex fargesii var. brevifolia S.Andrews; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 3: 134 (1986)

= Ilex fargesii var. parvifolia (S.Y.Hu) S.Andrews; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 3: 134 (1986)

= Ilex franchetiana Loes.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1: 77 (1911)

= Ilex franchetiana var. parvifolia S.Y.Hu; Icon. Pl. Omeiensium 2: t. 160 (1946)

subspecies :

subsp. melanotricha (Merr.) S.Andrews; Bot. Mag. (Kew Mag.) 3: 134 (1986)

Distribution: China (Chongqing, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex chartacifolia C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(1): 11 (1985)

= Ilex chartacifolia var. glabra C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(1): 12 (1985)

= Ilex melanotricha Merr.; Brittonia 4: 101 (1941)

= Ilex micropyrena C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(1): 20 (1985)

= Ilex punctatilimba C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(1): 21 (1985)

species :

Ilex fengqingensis C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 10 (1985)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex ferruginea Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 657, pl. 10, f. 24 (1933)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex ficifolia C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(2): 143 (1999)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex ficifolia f. daiyunshanensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 5 (1981)

= Ilex suaveolens var. brevipetiola W.S.Wu & X.Y.Luo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12(1): 123-124, f. 1-3 (1992)

species :

Ilex ficoidea Hemsl.; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23(153): 116 (1886)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Thailand; Vietnam

36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 41 THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex buergeri f. glabra Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 286 (1908)

= Ilex glomeratiflora Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 53 (1913)

species :

Ilex floribunda Reissek ex Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 26 (1881)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex florifera Fawc. & Rendle; J. Bot. 59: 18 (1921)

Distribution: Jamaica

81 JAM

Conservation Status: IUCN V

species :

Ilex flosparva Cuatrec.; Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 80 (1951)

Distribution: Colombia (Valle)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex formosana Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 28, 46 (1881)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Taiwan; Philippines

36 CHI 38 TAI 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex formosana var. ruijinensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 26 (1981)

= Ilex kelungensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 335 (1901)

= Ilex lanceolata H.E.Chiang; (1989) (non Griseb., nec Chapm., nec Klotzsch)

= Ilex loheri Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 27: 31 (1925)

variant :

var. macropyrena S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 70 (1950)

Distribution: China (N-Guangdong, NE-Guangxi, C-Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex forrestii H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18(86): 46-48 (1933)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex forrestii var. glabra S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 256 (1950)

= Ilex forrestii var. multiflora H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 48 (1933)

= Ilex wardii Merr.; Brittonia 4: 102 (1941)

species :

Ilex fragilis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(3): 602 (1875)

Distribution: China (SW-Sichuan, C-Yunnan); S-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Meghalaya, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex fragilis f. subcoriacea C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 39 (1981)

form :

f. f. kingii Loes.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 78 [28?]: 493 (1901)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh); N-Myanmar

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex burmanica Merr.; Brittonia 4(1): 102 (1941)

= Ilex opienensis S.Y.Hu; Icon. Pl. Omeiensium 2: t. 173 (1946)

species :

Ilex friburgensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 371 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex fruticosa S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 4 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex fuertensiana (Loes.) Loes.; Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 14 (1929)

Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex caroliniana var. fuertensiana Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7(2): 272 (1912)

= Ilex fuertensiana (Loes.) T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 189 (1997)

= Ilex fuertensiana var. selloana Loes.; Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 15 (1929)

species :

Ilex fukienensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(3): 253-254 (1950)

Distribution: China (Fujian)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex fukienensis f. puberula C.J.Tseng & H.H.Liu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 34 (1981)

species :

Ilex gabinetensis Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 210 (1949)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Huila, Magdalena, Putumayo); Ecuador

82 CLM 83 ECU

species :

Ilex gabrielleana Loizeau & Spichiger; Boissiera 48: 167 (1994)

Distribution: Colombia; Ecuador; Peru

82 CLM 83 ECU PER

species :

Ilex gagnepainiana Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 119 (1945)

Distribution: N-Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Ilex gale Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 16: 377 (1872)

Distribution: Colombia (Magdalena, Norte de Santander)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex gansuensis D.Y.Hong; Phytotaxa 230(2): 159 (2015)

Distribution: China (Gansu)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex gardneriana Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4: t. 1217 (1848)

Distribution: S-India (Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

Conservation Status: IUCN Ex/E

species :

Ilex geniculata Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 50 (1881)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex geniculata var. glabra Okuyama; J. Jap. Bot. 33: 40 (1958)

species :

Ilex georgei H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18(86): 50-52 (1933)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, Yunnan); India (Manipur); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex pernyi var. manipurensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 279 (1901)

species :

Ilex glabella Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 324 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex glabra (L.) A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 2: 264 (1856)

Name: Inkberry (EN)

Distribution: Canada (Nova Scotia); USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Maine, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia)

72 CDN 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ennepta myricoides Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 52 (1838)

= Ilex glabra f. leucocarpa F.W.Woods; Rhodora 58: 25 (1956)

= Ilex glabra var. austrina Ashe; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 40: 44 (1924)

= Prinos glaber L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 330 (1753)

= Winterlia glabra (L.) C.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 225 (1872)

= Winterlia triflora Moench; Methodus [Moench] 74 (1794)

species :

Ilex glaucophylla Steyerm.; Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 15: 176 (1954)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Lara, Miranda, Nueva Esparta)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex glazioviana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 194 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex gleasoniana Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28: No. 2. 322 (1952)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex glomerata King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 64(2): 135 (1895)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan); Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu, Perak); Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei

36 CHI 41 CBD VIE 42 BOR BRN MLY SUM

species :

Ilex godajam Colebr. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 604 (1875)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mon, Taninthayi); Laos; Vietnam

36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND 41 LAO MYA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex capitellata Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 4: pl. 278b (1893)

= Ilex godajam Colebr. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 152, no. 4329 (1831), nomen

= Ilex godajam var. capitellata (Pierre) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 102 (1901)

= Ilex rotunda Colebr. ex Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 38 (1832) non Thunb. 1784

= Ilex rotunda var. piligera Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 108 (1901)

= Prinos godajam Colebr. ex Wall.; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 38-39, pl. 261 (1832)

= Pseudehretia umbellata Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 607 (1863)

species :

Ilex goshiensis Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 54-55 (1911)

Distribution: China (Hainan); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex hanceana f. goshiensis Yamam.; Sylvia 4: 105 (1927)

= Ilex hanceana f. rotundata Makino ex Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 1(Suppl.): 34 (1925)

species :

Ilex gotardensis Loizeau & Spichiger; Boissiera 48: 171 (1994)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Ilex goudotii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 400 (1901)

Distribution: Colombia (Magdalena, Quindío); Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)

82 CLM 83 BOL PER

species :

Ilex graciliflora Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 328 (1852)

Distribution: China (Hongkong and nearby islands)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex gracilior (Warm.) Brotto; Hoehnea 49-e072021: 8 (2022), nom. inval.

Distribution: Brazil

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex dioica var. gracilior Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 320 (1892)

= Ilex fertilis var. gracilior Warm.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 4, 2: 367 (1880)

= Ilex theezans var. gracilior (Warm.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 376 (1901)

species :

Ilex grandiflora Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 6: 45 (1915)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang, Johor)

42 MLY

species :

Ilex gransabanensis Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 325 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex guaiquinimae Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 325 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex guangnanensis Tseng & Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 18 (1985)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex guangxica Doweld; Phytotaxa 531: 143 (2022)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex guanwuensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 6: 211 (2023)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex guaramacalensis Cuello & Aymard; Novon 18(3): 320 (2008)

Distribution: Venezuela (Trujillo)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex guayusa Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 310 (1901)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Putumayo, Risaralda, Valle); Venezuela (Yaracuy); Ecuador; NE-Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex utilis Moldenke; Phytologia 1: 8 (1933)

species :

Ilex guerreroi Merr. ex Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1663 (1913), nomen, et Philipp. J. Sci., Bot.1915 10: 316

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)

42 PHI

species :

Ilex guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 113 (1891)

Name: Maconcona (Puerto Rico)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz); Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico; Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, La Guajira); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Sucre); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana

79 MEX 80 BLZ COS HON NIC PAN 81 HIS PUE TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ageria acuminata (Willd.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 46 (1838)

= Ilex acuminata Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 711 (1798)

= Ilex celastroides Klotzsch ex Garcke; Linnaea 22: 58 (1849), partim

= Ilex cumanensis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 456 (1858)

= Ilex gentlei Lundell; Field & Lab. 13: 5 (1945)

= Ilex guianensis var. cuencensis Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 180 (1933)

= Ilex guianensis var. macoucoua (Pers.) Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 346 (1899)

= Ilex macoucoua Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 152 (1805)

= Ilex panamensis Standl.; Trop. Woods, No. 16: 12 (1928), nomen, et Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 221 (1929),descr.

= Ilex pseudomacoucoua Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 180 (1933)

= Macoucoua guianensis Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 1: 88, t. 34 (1775)

species :

Ilex guizhouensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 36 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex gundlachiana Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 269 (1912)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex gundlachiana var. elliptica Amshoff; Fl. Suriname [Pulle] 3(2): 163 (1951)

= Ilex gundlachiana var. macoucoua Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 346 (1899)

species :

Ilex haberi (Lundell) W.J.Hahn; Novon 6(2): 183 (1996)

Distribution: Costa Rica

80 COS

Synonyms: hidden

= Euonymus haberi Lundell; Phytologia 48(2): 131 (1981)

species :

Ilex hahnii Doweld; Phytotaxa 388(2): 182 (2019), nom. nov.

Distribution: Panama

80 PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex fortunensis W.J.Hahn; Novon 3: 38 (1993), non van der Burgh (1978)

species :

Ilex hainanensis Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 13(1): 60-61 (1934)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Hainan, Hunan, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex hunanensis C.J.Qi & Q.Z.Lin; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 2 (2000)

= Ilex rotunda var. hainanensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 108 (1901)

species :

Ilex hammelii Al.Rodr.; Phytoneuron 2022-63: 1 (2022)

Distribution: Costa Rica

80 COS

species :

Ilex hanceana Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 33 (1881)

Distribution: China (SW-Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Xinjiang); Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro)

36 CHI 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex buxifolia Hance; J. Bot. 14: 364 (1876), nom. illeg.

= Ilex fletcheri Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 2: 279 (1907)

species :

Ilex harmandiana Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18: t. 277 (1893)

Distribution: Laos; Vietnam

41 LAO VIE

species :

Ilex harrisii Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 346 (1899)

Distribution: Jamaica

81 JAM

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Ilex havilandii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 423 (1901)

Distribution: Borneo; Brunei

42 BOR BRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex confertifolia Merr.; Sarawak Mus. J. 3: 526 (1928)

= Ilex havilandii var. major W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 8: 323 (1915)

= Ilex orestes Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1931: 35 (1931)

species :

Ilex hayataiana Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 333 (1941)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

species :

Ilex hemiepiphytica W.J.Hahn; Novon 6(2): 183 (1996)

Distribution: Costa Rica

80 COS

species :

Ilex hengchunensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 6: 203 (2023)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex hicksii I.M.Turner; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(5): 307 (2014), nom. nov

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)

42 NWG

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex obovata D.M.Hicks; Kew Bull. 61(4): 545 (2007)

species :

Ilex hippocrateoides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 71 (1825)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)

83 BOL PER

species :

Ilex hirsuta C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(2): 143 (1999)

Distribution: China (Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex dasyphylla var. lichuanensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 61(1): 81 (1980)

species :

Ilex holstii Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 326 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex honbaensis Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 121 (1945)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Ilex hondurensis Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 374 (1938)

Distribution: Honduras

80 HON

species :

Ilex hongiaoensis Tagane; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 71(3): 204 (2020)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Ilex hookeri King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 55(3): 266 (1886)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Darjeeling, Assam, Sikkim, Chumbi); N-Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing)

36 CHI 40 BHU IND 41 MYA

species :

Ilex huachamacariana Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 136 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex hualgayoca Loizeau & Spichiger; Boissiera 48: 183 (1994)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL ECU PER

species :

Ilex huberi J.R.Grande; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 76(1)e082: 3 (2019)

Distribution: Venezuela

82 VEN

species :

Ilex huiana C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(2): 143 (1999)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex angulata var. longipedunculata S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 313 (1949)

species :

Ilex hylonoma Hu & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 250 (1940)

Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. glabra S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 351 (1949)

Distribution: China (?Fujian, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex hypaneura Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 321 (1893)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex baracoensis Borhidi; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25(1-2): 47 (1979)

= Ilex coriacea Alain; Candollea 17: 117 (1960)

= Ilex hypaneura var. nudicalyx Borhidi; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 25(1-2): 47 (1979)

= Ilex pubipetala Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 70 (1923)

= Ilex repanda var. hypaneura (Loes.) Edwin ex T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 231 (1997)

= Ilex subavenia Alain; Phytologia 8: 369 (1962)

= Ilex walsinghamii R.A.Howard; Brittonia 38(1): 14 (1986), nom. nov. for Ilex wrightii Loes. ex Urb.

= Ilex wrightii Loes. ex Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 328 (1893)

species :

Ilex hypoglauca (Miq.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 80 (1901)

Distribution: Sumatra (Bangka Isl.); Borneo; Brunei

42 BOR BRN SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex beccariana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 96 (1901)

= Ilex lacunosa (Miq.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 79 (1901)

= Prinos hypoglaucus Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 514 (1861)

= Prinos lacunosa Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 513 (1861)

species :

Ilex ignicola Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 326 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex ijuensis S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 4 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex illustris Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 82: 177 (1920)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu, Perak, Pahang)

42 MLY

species :

Ilex impressa Ekman & Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 179 (1933)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

species :

Ilex integerrima (Vell.) Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 45 (1879)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex integerrima var. ebenacea (Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 380 (1901)

= Ilex integerrima var. schenckiana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 380 (1901)

= Prinos integerrimus Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 145 3: t. 167 (1825 publ. 1829)

species :

Ilex integra Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 77 (1784) ex A. Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 168 (1784)

Distribution: China (?Henan, Zhejiang); South Korea (incl. Cheju Do); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa); Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex asiatica Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 496 (1824) non L. 1753

= Ilex brachypoda S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 34: 153 (1953)

= Ilex cornuta var. integra Uyeki; Bull. Agric. Forest. Coll. Suigen (Suwon) 1: 39 (1925)

= Ilex ellipsoidea Okamoto; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 71 (1929)

= Ilex integra f. ellipsoidea (Okamoto) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 79 (1953)

= Ilex integra f. lutea H.Ohba & S.Akiyama; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2c: 87 (1999)

= Ilex integra var. brachypoda (S.Y.Hu) Hatus. ex Shimab.; Vasc. Fl. Ryukyu 273 (1990)

= Ilex integra var. ellipsoidea (Okamoto) Sugim.; Key Trees Shrubs Japan 212 (1936)

= Ilex integra var. undulata Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus, ed. 2: 116 (1994)

= Ilex integrifolia G.Nicholson; Hand-list Trees & Shrubs Arb. 1: 63 (1894), nom. inval.

= Ilex othera Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 496 (1824)

= Othera japonica Thunb.; Nov. Gen. Pl. [Thunberg] 56 (1783)

= Prinos integra (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 261 (1838)

species :

Ilex intermedia Loes. ex Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 435 (1900)

Distribution: China (E-Guizhou, W-Hubei, SW-Sichuan, NE-Yunnan, Jiangxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex chieniana S.Y.Hu; Icon. Pl. Omeiensium 2: pl. 166 (1946)

= Ilex dunniana H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9(222-226): 458 (1911)

= Ilex fangii (Rehder) S.Y.Hu; Icon. Pl. Omeiensium 2: pl. 167 (1946)

= Ilex intermedia var. fangii (Rehder) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 79 (1950)

= Ilex latifolia var. fangii Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 11(3): 163 (1930)

species :

Ilex intricata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(3): 602 (1875)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Sikkim, West Bengal); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex intricata f. macrophylla H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18(86): 53-54 (1933)

= Ilex xizangensis Y.R.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 353 (1981)

species :

Ilex inundata Poepp. ex Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 43 (1879)

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Meta, Santander, Vaupés, Vichada); Surinam; ?French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Pará, Amazonas, Acre)

82 CLM SUR 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex riparia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 43 (1879)

species :

Ilex jacobsii S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 5 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak); Brunei

42 BOR BRN

species :

Ilex jamaicana Proctor; Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16 (Addit. Fl. Jamaica): 24 (1967)

Distribution: Jamaica

81 JAM

Conservation Status: IUCN E

species :

Ilex jauaensis Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 327 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex jelskii Zahlbr.; Diagn. Pl. Nov. Peruv. [Szyszyłowicz] 1: 9 (1894)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Ilex jenmanii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 412 (1901)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana; Surinam

82 GUY SUR VEN

species :

Ilex jiangmenensis Lei Jiang & K.W.Xu; Phytotaxa 428(2): 153 (2020)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex jiaolingensis C.J.Tseng & H.H.Liu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 32-33 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex jingxiensis Y.F.Huang & M.X.Lai; Nordic J. Bot. 32(6): 848 (2014)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex jinyunensis Z.M.Tan; J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 1983(2): 81 (1983)

Distribution: China (Chongqing)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex jiuwanshanensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 5-6 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex julianii Edwin; Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 25: 87 (1963)

Distribution: Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex juttana Loizeau & Spichiger; Boissiera 48: 195 (1994)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia); Peru

82 CLM 83 PER

species :

Ilex karstenii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 165 (1901)

Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Huila)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex karuaiana Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 323 (1952)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex kaushue S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 372-373 (1949)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 21-22 (1981), two types

= Ilex latifolia f. puberula W.P.Fang & Z.M.Tan; J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 1983(2): 80 (1983)

species :

Ilex kelabitana S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 6 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak, Kalimantan)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex kelsallii Ridl.; J. Bot. 62: 295 (1924)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (?Perak, Pahang)

42 MLY

species :

Ilex kengii S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(3): 244-245 (1950)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Hunan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex kengii f. tiantangshanensis C.J.Tseng & H.H.Liu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 34 (1981)

= Ilex yanlingensis C.J.Qi & Q.Z.Lin; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 2 (2000)

species :

Ilex keranjiensis S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 7 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex ketambensis T.R.Dudley; Feddes Repert. 94(3-4): 166 (1983)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

species :

Ilex khasiana Purkay.; Indian Forester 64: 280 (1938)

Distribution: NE-India (Manipur, Meghalaya)

40 IND

Conservation Status: IUCN E

species :

Ilex kiangsiensis (S.Y.Hu) C.J.Tseng & B.W.Liu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 39 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex aculeolata var. kiangsiensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 278-279 (1949)

species :

Ilex kinabaluensis S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 8 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex kingiana Cockerell; Torreya 11: 264 (1911)

Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal)

40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex insignis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 599 (1875), nom. illeg.

species :

Ilex knucklesensis Philcox; Revis. Handb. Fl. Ceylon [Dassanayake] 13: 6 (1999)

Distribution: Sri Lanka

40 SRL

species :

Ilex kobuskiana S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(2): 236-238 (1950)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

species :

Ilex krugiana Loes. ex Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 317 (1893)

Name: Tawnyberry holly (EN); Palo blanco, Palo de burro (Dominican Republic), Lombay (Haiti)

Distribution: USA (Florida: Everglades and Keys); Bahamas; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico

78 USA 81 BAH HIS PUE

variant :

var. paciportensis (Loes.) P.A.González; Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 470 (2007)

Distribution: Haiti

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex krugiana f. paciportensis Loes.; Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 14 (1929)

species :

Ilex kunmingensis H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 19 (1985)

Distribution: China (C-Yunnan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. capitata Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 19 (1985)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex kunthiana Triana; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 16: 375 (1872)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Santander, Tolima); Venezuela (Tachira, Zulia); Ecuador

80 COS PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex kunthiana f. funckii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 182 (1901)

= Ilex kunthiana f. purdiaei Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 182 (1901)

species :

Ilex kusanoi Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 55-56 (1911)

Distribution: Taiwan; Philippines (Batan)

38 TAI 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex poneantha Koidz.; Pl. Nov. Amami-Ohsim. 13 (1928)

= Ilex taiwaniana Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 58 (1911)

species :

Ilex kwangtungensis Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 8(1): 8-9 (1927)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex kwangtungensis var. pilosior Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 654 (1933)

= Ilex phanerophlebia Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 13(1): 36 (1934)

species :

Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 2: 307 (1856)

Name: Smooth winterberry (EN)

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex laevigata f. herveyi B.L.Rob.; Rhodora 10: 34 (1908)

= Ilex laevigata var. herveyi (B.L.Rob.) Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 648 (1914)

= Prinos laevigatus Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 220 (1814)

= Prinos laevigatus var. lanceolatus (Pursh) Alph.Wood; Class-book Bot. (ed. 1861): 498 (1861)

= Prinos nitidus K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 2257 (1872), nom. inval.

species :

Ilex lamprophylla Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 476 (1925)

Distribution: El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama

80 COS ELS HON NIC PAN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex carpinterae Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 477 (1825)

= Ilex davidsoniae Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 88 (1940)

= Ilex discolor var. lamprophylla (Standl.) Edwin; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 376 (1966)

= Ilex tristis Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 482 (1926)

species :

Ilex lancilimba Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 312 (1929 publ. 1931)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex lasseri Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 138 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex latifolia Thunb.; Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 168 (1784)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, ?Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan [I]; ?Laos; peninsular Malaysia; Singapore; Borneo

36 CHI 38 JAP tai 42 BOR MLY SNG

Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex latifolia f. variegata Makino ex H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 73 (1954)

= Ilex latifolia var. variegata Makino ex H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 73 (1954)

= Ilex macrophylla Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 17: 1150 (1826)

= Ilex tarajo Goepp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1852: 4 (1852)

= Ilex terago Anon.; Gard. Chron. 1859: 508, 972 (1859)

species :

Ilex latifrons Chun; Sunyatsenia 2(1): 69-70, pl. 18 (1934)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex kwangtungensis var. pilosissima Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 655 (1933)

= Ilex latifrons var. pilosissima (Hand.-Mazz.) Chun; Sunyatsenia 2(1): 70 (1934)

species :

Ilex laureola Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 16: 377 (1872)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Bolívar, Caquetá, Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Putumayo, Santander, Tolima, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Zulia); Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Acre)

82 CLM GUY VEN 83 ECU PER 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex fructiclipeata Cuatrec.; Fieldiana, Bot. 27(2): 81 (1951)

= Ilex humbertii Cuatrec.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15: 238 (1956)

= Ilex laureola var. neglecta Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 440 (1901)

= Ilex macrolaurus Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 438 (1901)

species :

Ilex laurina Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 71 (1825)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Merida, Tachira, Trujillo); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex caliana Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 213 (1949)

variant :

var. tenuifolia Barriera; Candollea 78(1): 64 (2023)

Distribution: Colombia; Ecuador; Peru

82 CLM 83 ECU PER

species :

Ilex laurocerasus Airy Shaw; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 509 (1939)

Distribution: Borneo; Brunei

42 BOR BRN

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex leucoclada Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 148 (1905)

Distribution: Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex integra var. leucoclada Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 41 (1881)

= Ilex leucoclada f. angustifolia (Miyabe & Tatew.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 73 (1954)

= Ilex leucoclada var. angustifolia Miyabe & Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 43 (1937)

species :

Ilex liana S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 398 (1951)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex liangii S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(3): 246-248 (1950)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex liebmannii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 315 (1931)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras

79 MEX 80 GUA HON

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex gracilipes I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 124 (1938)

= Ilex johnstonii Merr.; Ceiba 1: 125 (1950)

species :

Ilex liesneri Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74(1): 94 (1987)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex lihuaiensis T.R.Dudley; Holly Soc. J. 9(4): 9 (1991), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (S-Guizhou)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex rivularis Y.K.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 24(5): 399 (1986) (non Gardner 1842)

species :

Ilex lilianeae Loizeau & Spichiger; Boissiera 48: 208 (1994)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Ilex limii C.J.Tseng; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Amoiensis 9(4): 305 (1962)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex litseifolia Hu & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 247 (1939)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex editicostata var. litseifolia (Hu & Tang) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 294 (1949)

species :

Ilex liukiuensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 336 (1901)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.

38 JAP NNS

species :

Ilex loeseneri Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 121 (1945)

Distribution: N-Vietnam

41 VIE

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Ilex lohfauensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 13(3): 144 (1918)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex hanceana var. anhweiensis Loes.in Rehder & E.H.Wilson; J. Arnold Arbor. 8(3): 156 (1927)

= Ilex hanceana var. lohfauensis (Merr.) Chun; Sunyatsenia 1(4): 261 (1934)

species :

Ilex longecaudata H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18(86): 54 (1933)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); NE-India (Nagaland)

36 CHI 40 IND

variant :

var. glabra S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(3): 246 (1950)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex longipes Chapm. ex Trel.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 346 (1889)

Name: Georgia holly, Buckbush (EN)

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas, South Carolina)

77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex decidua subsp. longipes (Chapm. ex Trel.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

= Ilex decidua var. longipes (Chapm. ex Trel.) H.E.Ahles; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 173 (1964)

= Ilex longipes f. hirsuta (Lundell) T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 139 (1997)

= Ilex longipes var. hirsuta Lundell; Fl. Texas [C.L.Lundell et al.] 3: 118 (1943)

species :

Ilex longipetiolata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 383 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex longipilosa Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 327 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex longzhouensis C.J.Tseng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 413-414 (1984)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex xylosmifolia C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 3 (1985)

species :

Ilex lonicerifolia Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 54-55, pl. 8. 1913

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex hakkuensis Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 1: 32-34, f. 14 (1925)

= Ilex lonicerifolia var. hakkuensis (Yamam.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 291 (1949)

variant :

var. matsudae (Yamam.) Yamam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 5: 55 (1933)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex matsudae Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 1: 37-38, f. 17 (1925)

species :

Ilex loranthoides Mart. ex Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 47 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex loretoica Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 166 (1905)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex aquifolium Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 91 (1790), nom. illeg.

species :

Ilex ludianensis S.C.Huang ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 7 (1985)

Distribution: China (NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex lundii Warm.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 4, 2: 369 (1880)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Goiás, Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex lundii f. clausseniana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 389 (1901)

= Ilex lundii f. ignatiana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 389 (1901)

species :

Ilex maasiana Loizeau & Spichiger; Boissiera 48: 212 (1994)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

species :

Ilex macarenensis Cuatrec.; Trop. Woods, No. 101, 13 (1955)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Caquetá, Meta); Venezuela (Amazonas, Falcon); Ecuador

82 CLM VEN 83 ECU

species :

Ilex macbridiana Edwin; Brittonia 17: 284 (1965)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

species :

Ilex macfadyenii (Walp.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 3: 215 (1922)

subspecies :

subsp. macfadyenii

Name: Palo blanco (Dominican Republic), Feuilles houx, Houx, Petit houx (Haiti), Acebo de sierra (Puerto Rico)

Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico

81 CUB HIS JAM PUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex macfadyenii var. domingensis (Loes.) Moscoso; Cat. Fl. Domingensis 1: 331 (1943)

= Ilex macfadyenii var. occidentalis (Loes.) Moscoso; Cat. Fl. Domingensis 1: 331 (1943)

= Ilex montana (Sw.) Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 171 (1861)

= Ilex montana var. domingensis Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1(2): 345 (1899)

= Ilex montana var. herminieri Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 314 (1892)

= Ilex montana var. lanceolata (Macfad.) Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 147 (1860)

= Ilex montana var. occidentalis Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15(3): 313 (1892)

= Ilex tuerckheimii Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 268 (1912)

= Ilex tuerckheimii var. constanzae Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 269 (1912)

= Ilex tuerckheimii var. subalpina Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 269 (1912)

= Prinos lanceolatus Macfad.; Fl. Jamaica [Macfadyen] 1: 206 (1837)

= Prinos macfadyenii Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 541 (1842)

= Prinos montanus Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. [O.P.Swartz] 58 (1788)

variant :

var. moana (Borhidi & O.Muñiz) P.A.González; Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 442 (2007)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex moana Borhidi & O.Muñiz; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17(1-2): 12 (1971 publ. 1972)

variant :

var. puberula (Proctor) Edwin ex P.A.González; Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 443 (2007)

Distribution: Jamaica

81 JAM

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex puberula Proctor; Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 16 (Addit. Fl. Jamaica): 26 (1967)

subspecies :

subsp. ovata (Griseb.) Nicolson; Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 77: 26 (1991)

Name: Bois fourni, Citronnier montagne, Graines vert, Petit citronnier, Pruneau, Ti citron (Lesser Antilles),

Distribution: Nevis; St. Kitts; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique

81 DOM GDL MAR STK

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex macfadyenii var. caribaea Stehlé & Quentin; Fl. Guadeloupe Dépend. 2: 175 (1938)

= Ilex montana var. orientalis Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 313 (1892)

= Ilex montana var. ovata Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 147 (1860)

species :

Ilex machilifolia H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 2 (1985)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex maclurei Merr.; Lingnan Sci. J. 13(1): 35-36 (1934)

Distribution: China (Guangdong); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

species :

Ilex macrocarpa Oliv.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 18(4): pl. 1787 (1888)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Ryukyu Isl.; Vietnam

36 CHI 38 NNS 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Celastrus salicifolia H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363-367): 263-264 (1914)

= Diospyros bodinieri H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 144 (1914)

= Ilex dubia var. hupehensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 488 (1901)

= Ilex henryi Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 491 (1901)

= Ilex macrocarpa var. brevipedunculata S.Y.Hu; Icon. Pl. Omeiensium 2: pl. 171 (1946)

= Ilex macrocarpa var. trichophylla Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 491 (1901)

= Ilex montana var. hupehensis (Loes.) Fernald; Rhodora 41(489): 428 (1939)

variant :

var. longipedunculata S.Y.Hu; Icon. Pl. Omeiensium 2: pl. 171 (1946)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

variant :

var. reevesae (S.Y.Hu) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 274 (1949)

Distribution: China (S-Shaanxi, Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex reevesae S.Y.Hu; J. W. China Border Res. Soc. 15(B): 92 (1945)

species :

Ilex macropoda Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 105 (1867)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex ambigua subsp. macropoda (Miq.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 7 (1983)

= Ilex ambigua var. macropoda (Miq.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 7 (1983)

= Ilex costata Blume ex Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 51 (1881)

= Ilex costata Blume ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 167 (1870)

= Ilex dubia var. macropoda (Miq.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 487 (1901)

= Ilex dubia var. pseudomacropoda Loes.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1(1): 82 (1911)

= Ilex macropoda f. pseudomacropoda (Loes.) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 24 (1952)

= Ilex macropoda var. pseudomacropoda (Loes.) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44(517): 37 (1930)

= Ilex macropoda var. stenophylla Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 41 (1936)

= Ilex montana var. macropoda (Miq.) Fernald; Rhodora 41(489): 428 (1939)

= Ilex monticola var. macropoda (Miq.) Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 4: 1640 (1915)

species :

Ilex macrostigma C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 20 (1985)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex magnifolia Cuatrec.; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 67: 633 (1990)

Distribution: Colombia (Valle)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex magnifructa Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 142 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex magnifructa var. minor Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 328 (1988)

species :

Ilex maguirei Wurdack; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10: No. 4. 4 (1961)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex maigualidensis J.R.Grande; Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 76(1)e082: 5 (2019)

Distribution: Venezuela

82 VEN

species :

Ilex maingayi Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 605 (1875)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (south and west of Malaya); Singapore

42 MLY SNG

Conservation Status: endangered (Singapore). IUCN V

species :

Ilex malabarica Bedd.; Fl. Sylv. S. India 1: t. 143 (1869-74)

Distribution: India (Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex wightiana Dalzell & A.Gibson; Bombay Fl. [Dalzell & Gibson] 143 (1861), nom. illeg.

species :

Ilex malaccensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 432 (1901)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Panay, Camiguin, Mindanao); Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 BOR BRN MLY MOL NWG PHI SUL SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Embelia halconensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 2: 297 (1907) (Primulaceae)

= Ilex apoensis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1667 (1913)

= Ilex apoensis var. punctata Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 8: 3071 (1919)

= Ilex brunnea Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 318 (1915)

= Ilex foxworthyi Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 193 (1910)

= Ilex halconensis (Merr.) Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 358 (1910)

= Ilex pulogensis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 358 (1910)

= Ilex racemifera Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 290 (1908)

variant :

var. ferruginifolia D.M.Hicks; Kew Bull. 61(4): 538 (2007)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)

42 NWG

species :

Ilex malayana Malek, Pruesapan & R.T.Corlett; Phytotaxa 676(1): 101 (2024), nom. nov.

Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Borneo; Brunei

41 CBD LAO MYA VIE 42 BOR BRN MLY

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex macrophylla Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4331 (1830), nomen

= Ilex macrophylla Wall. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 604 (1875), nom. illeg.

= Ilex tavoyensis N.P.Balakr.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 63: 327 (1967), nom. superfl.

= Ilex wallichii Hook.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 605 (1875), non Steud.

= Ilex wallichii Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 803 (1841), nomen

species :

Ilex mandonii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 226 (1901)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz)

83 BOL PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex buxifolioides Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 225 (1901)

= Ilex buxifolioides var. fastigiata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 226 (1901)

species :

Ilex manitzii P.A.González; Fl. Rep. Cuba, Ser. A, Pl. Vasc. Pl. Vasc. 9(Aquifoliaceae): 29 (2004), nom. nov.

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex charrascosensis T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 168 (1997), nom. nov. illeg.

= Ilex paucinervis Alain; Candollea 17: 118 (1960) (non Merr. 1921)

species :

Ilex manneiensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 298-299 (1949)

Distribution: China (Yunnan, ?Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex manneiensis var. glabra C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 1 (1985)

species :

Ilex marahuacae Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 328 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex marginata Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: No. 3. 140 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex martiniana D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 2(App. 5): 2 (1828)

Distribution: Trinidad; Venezuela (Delta Amacuro, Monagas); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana

81 TRT 82 FRG GUY SUR VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Arinemia lanceolata Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 49 (1838)

= Ilex lanceolata Klotzsch; Reis. Br.-Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 1183 (1849)

= Ilex martiana Walp.; Repert. Bot. Syst. [Walpers] 1: 540 (1842)

= Ilex martiniana var. angustifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): t. 14, f. 5 (1861)

= Ilex martiniana var. latifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): t. 14, f. 6 (1861)

species :

Ilex matangicola Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 115 (1901)

Distribution: Borneo

42 BOR

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex matanoana Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 77 (1913)

Distribution: Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Anijima, Hahajima)

38 OGA

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Ilex maxima W.J.Hahn; Novon 3(1): 43 (1993)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Nariño, Valle); Ecuador

80 COS PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU

species :

Ilex maximowicziana Loes.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 339 (1901)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex crenata var. kanehirae Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 1(Suppl.): 31 (1925)

= Ilex crenata var. mutchagara (Makino) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 78 (1953)

= Ilex crenata var. scoriatum Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 1(Suppl.): 31 (1925)

= Ilex fosbergiana S.Y.Hu; J. Jap. Bot. 46: 68 (1971)

= Ilex kanehirae (Yamam.) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 389 (1929)

= Ilex kanehirae var. glabra Kaneh.; Formos. Trees, ed. rev. 330 (1936)

= Ilex lilongshanensis H.E.Chiang; Quart. J. Exp. Forest. 3(2): 114 (1989)

= Ilex maximowicziana var. kanehirae (Yamam.) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 62(6): 191 (1987)

= Ilex maximowicziana var. mutchagara (Makino) Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus, ed. 2: 884 (1975)

= Ilex mutchagara Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 75 (1913)

= Ilex mutchagara var. kanehirae (Yamam.) Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 25: 253 (1935)

= Ilex scoriatula Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 389 (1929)

= Ilex triflora var. kanehirae (Yamam.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 332 (1949)

= Ilex uraiana Hayata ex Kaneh.; Formos. Trees, ed. rev., 378 (1936)

species :

Ilex medogensis Y.R.Li; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(3): 351 (1981)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Ilex megalophylla Edwin ex T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 213 (1997), nom. nov

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex grandis Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 47 (1879), nom. illeg.

species :

Ilex megaphylla S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 9 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex melanophylla H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1959(2): 39 (1959)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex memecylifolia Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 328-329 (1852)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Xinjiang); N-Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex memecylifolia var. oblongifolia Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 329 (1852)

species :

Ilex mertensii Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 42 (1881)

Distribution: Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Hahajima, Anijima, Otohtojima, Mukohjima, Hirashima, Anejima, Imohtojima, Meijima, Keetaajima)

38 OGA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex beecheyi (Loes.) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 14 (1928)

= Ilex bonincola Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 1: 21 (1917)

= Ilex bonincola var. angustifolia Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 47: 260 (1933)

= Ilex integra var. beecheyi Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 273 (1901)

= Ilex mertensii var. beecheyi (Loes.) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 62(2): 64 (1987)

= Ilex percoriacea Tuyama; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 49: 449 (1935)

species :

Ilex mesilauensis S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 9 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sabah)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex metabaptista Loes. ex Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 435 (1900)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, NE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. myrsinoides (H.Lév.) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 14(3): 240 (1933)

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Sichuan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Embelia cavaleriei H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 284 (1914)

= Ilex myrsinoides (H.Lév.) Merr.

= Maesa myrsinoides H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(257-259): 375-376 (1912)

= Myrsine feddei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10(257-259): 376 (1912)

variant :

var. bodinieri (Loes.) Barriera; Fl. China 11: 422 (2008)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex fargesii var. bodinieri Loes. ex H.Lév.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 200 (1914)

species :

Ilex micrantha Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 16: 376 (1872)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Cauca)

82 CLM

Conservation Status: IUCN I

species :

Ilex micrococca Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29: 39, pl. 1, f. 6 (1881)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Taiwan; Myanmar (Kachin); Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (very rare)

36 CHI 38 JAP TAI 41 MYA VIE 42 MLY

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex micrococca f. luteocarpa H.Ohba & S.Akiyama; Fl. Jap. [Iwatsuki et al., eds.] 2c: 90 (1999)

= Ilex micrococca f. pilosa S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 263 (1949)

= Ilex micrococca f. tsangii T.R.Dudley; Feddes Repert. 91(9-10): 578 (1980)

= Ilex micrococca var. longifolia Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 55-56, pl. 9 (1913)

= Ilex micrococca var. polyneura Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7(3): 654 (1933)

= Ilex polyneura (Hand.-Mazz.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 263 (1949)

= Ilex polyneura var. glabra S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 265 (1949)

= Ilex pseudogodajam Franch.; J. Bot. [Morot] 12: 256 (1898)

species :

Ilex microdonta Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 41 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex microphylla Hook.; Icon. Pl., t. 139 (1837)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex minutifolia J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13: 111 A. No. 1. 281 (1951), non A. Rich.

= Ilex weberbaueri Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 165 (1905)

species :

Ilex microsticta Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 164 (1905)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Ilex microthyrsa Loes. ex Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1663 (1913)

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao)

42 PHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex microwrightioides Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 517 (1913)

Distribution: Dominican Republic; Haiti

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex microwrightioides var. calvescens Loes.; Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 14 (1929)

species :

Ilex miguensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 396 (1951)

Distribution: SE-Tibet

36 TIB

species :

Ilex mitis (L.) Radlk.; Actes Congr. Int. Bot., Anvers 172 (1887)

Name: Cape Holly, Wild Holly, Water-tree

Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; São Tomé; SE-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar

22 GUI LBR NGA SIE 23 BIO BUR CMN RWA SAO ZAI 24 ERI ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 LES SAF SWZ 29 MDG

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex capensis Harv. & Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 1: 473 (1860)

= Ilex mitis f. camerunensis Loes.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 242 (1901)

= Ilex mitis f. capensis (Harv. & Sond.) Loes.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 242 (1901)

= Ilex mitis f. kilimandscharica Loes.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 243 (1901)

= Ilex mitis f. monticola Loes.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 243 (1901)

= Ilex mitis var. erythraea Fiori; Boschi Piante Legnose dell´Eritrea 224 (1912)

= Ilex mitis var. kilimandscharica (Loes.) Loes.; Veg. Erde [Engler & Drude] 9 (Pflanzenw. Afr.) 3(2): 219 (1921)

= Ilex monticola Tul.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 8: 111 (1857)

= Prinos laurinus Thury ex Choisy; Mém. Ternstroem. Camell. 44 (1855)

= Sideroxylon mite L.; Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 178 (1767)

variant :

var. schliebenii Loes.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 85 (1934)

Distribution: Tanzania

25 TAN

Conservation Status: IUCN I

species :

Ilex montana Torr. & A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 1: 276 (1848)

Name: Mountain holly

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)

75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex ambigua f. mollis (A.Gray) C.F.Reed; Phytologia 67(6): 453 (1989)

= Ilex ambigua f. montana (Torr. & A.Gray) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 7 (1983)

= Ilex ambigua subsp. montana (Torr. & A.Gray) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 7 (1983)

= Ilex ambigua var. montana (Torr. & A.Gray) H.E.Ahles; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80: 173 (1964)

= Ilex ambigua var. monticola (A.Gray) Wunderlin & Poppleton; Florida Sci. 40(1): 10 (1977)

= Ilex amelanchier var. monticola (A.Gray) Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl. 1: 208 (1870)

= Ilex beadlei Ashe; Bot. Gaz. 24: 377 (1897)

= Ilex beadlei var. laevis Ashe; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 40: 45 (1924)

= Ilex dubia var. beadlei (Ashe) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees 546 (1927)

= Ilex dubia var. mollis (A.Gray) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 486 (1901)

= Ilex mollis A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 1: 306 (1848)

= Ilex montana f. rotundifolia F.W.Woods; Rhodora 53: 238 (1951)

= Ilex montana var. beadlei (Ashe) Fernald; Rhodora 41: 428 (1939)

= Ilex montana var. mollis (A.Gray) Britton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 17: 313 (1890)

= Ilex monticola A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 1: 306 (1848), et, Manual [A.Gray], ed. 2: 264 (1856)

= Ilex monticola var. mollis Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 217 (1894)

species :

Ilex montebellensis Lozada-Pérez; Phytotaxa 409(5): 296 (2019)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas)

79 MEX

species :

Ilex mucronata (L.) M.Powell, Savol. & S.Andrews; Kew Bull. 55(2): 345 (2000)

Name: Catberry

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex canadensis Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 229 (1803), nom. illeg.

= Ilex delicatula Barton; Fl. Virgin. [Barton] 67 (1812)

= Ilex prunifolia Muhl.; Cat. Pl. Amer. Sept. 17 (1813) ex Dippel, Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 515 (1892)

= Iliciodes canadense (Michx.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 113 (1891)

= Iliciodes mucronata (L.) Britton; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 217 (1894)

= Nemopanthus canadensis (Michx.) DC.; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 1: 44 (1821), nom. superfl.

= Nemopanthus canadensis Gatt.; Tennessee Fl. 31 (1887), nomen

= Nemopanthus fascicularis Raf.; J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts 89: 96 (1819)

= Nemopanthus lucidus K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(1): 229 (1872)

= Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Trel. ex Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 501 (1901)

= Nemopanthus mucronatus f. chrysocarpus (Farw.) Fernald; Rhodora 47: 144 (1945)

= Nemopanthus mucronatus Trel.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 5: 349 (1892), nom. inval.

= Nemopanthus mucronatus var. chrysocarpus Farw.; Rhodora 42: 307 (1940)

= Nuttallia canadensis (Michx.) DC.; Rapp. [Not.] Pl. Rar. Genève 1: 44 (1821), nom. inval.

= Prinos ambiguus Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 213 (1818), nom. illeg.

= Prinos canadensis (Michx.) Lodd. ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 396 (1841)

= Prinos integrifolius Elliott; Sketch Bot. S. Carolina [Elliott] 2: 706 (1824)

= Prinos longifolius Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 272 (1815), nomen

= Prinos longipes Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 50 (1838)

= Vaccinium mucronatum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 350 (1753)

species :

Ilex mucronulata Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 214 (1949)

Distribution: Colombia (Valle)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex mucugensis Groppo; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 155(1): 153 (2007)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex myricoides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 71 (1825)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cauca, Magdalena, Nariño, Putumayo, Quindío, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Aragua, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Merida, Miranda, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo); Ecuador; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)

82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex myricoides f. euryterophylla Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 191 (1901)

= Ilex myricoides var. meridensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 191 (1901)

= Ilex myricoides var. polyphylla (Benth.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 191 (1901)

= Ilex myricoides var. trianiana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 190 (1901)

= Ilex naiguatina Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 169 (1901)

= Ilex polyphylla Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 167 (1843)

= Myginda myricoides (Kunth) Willd. ex Schult.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 349 (1827)

= Prinos myricoides (Kunth) Willd. ex D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 2: 1050 (1840)

species :

Ilex myrtifolia Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 356. no. 1732 (1792)

Name: Myrtle dahoon

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)

78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex cassine subsp. myrtifolia (Walter) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

= Ilex cassine var. myrtifolia (Walter) Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 2: 616 (1889)

= Ilex dahoon var. myrtifolia (Walter) Chapm.; Fl. South. U.S. 269 (1860)

= Ilex myrtifolia f. lowei S.F.Blake; Rhodora 26: 231 (1925)

species :

Ilex myrtillus Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 5: 31 (1914)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Pahang, Selangor)

42 MLY

species :

Ilex nanchuanensis Z.M.Tan; J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 1983(2): 79 (1983)

Distribution: China (Chongqing)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex nanningensis Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 5(1-2): 2-3 (1934)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex nayana Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 212 (1949)

Distribution: Colombia (Valle); Peru

82 CLM 83 PER

species :

Ilex neblinensis Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: No. 3. 144 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)

82 VEN 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex neblinensis var. wurdackii Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: No. 3. 144 (1965)

species :

Ilex nemorosa Rizzini; Leandra 5(6): 43 (1975), nom. nov.

Distribution: Brazil (Bahia)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex uniflora Rizzini; Leandra 3-4(4-5): 8 (1974)

species :

Ilex neomamillata I.M.Turner; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(5): 307 (2014), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex mamillata C.Y.Wu ex C.J.Tseng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 414 (1984), nom. illeg.

species :

Ilex neoreticulata I.M.Turner; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(5): 307 (2014), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex reticulata C.J.Tseng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22(5): 414 (1984)

species :

Ilex nervosa Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 16: 377 (1872)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Huila, Putumayo); Venezuela (Merida); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex nervosa var. glabrata Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 324 (1952)

= Ilex nervosa var. aequatoriensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 364 (1901)

species :

Ilex nervulosa (Loes.) S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 14 (1998)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia

42 MLY

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex venulosa var. nervulosa Loes.

species :

Ilex nigropunctata Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 8: 397 (1861)

Distribution: NE-Brazil

84 BRA

species :

Ilex ningdeensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 19-20 (1981)

Distribution: China (Fujian)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex nipponica Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34 (1900)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex argutidens var. nipponica (Makino) Sugim.; Key Trees Shrubs Japan 213 (1936)

= Ilex serrata var. nipponica (Makino) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 78 (1953)

= Ilex spathulata Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 13 (1925)

species :

Ilex nitida (Vahl) Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 27 (1881)

Name: Palo de murta, Aceitunilla, Puerto Rico holly

Distribution: Bahamas; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John); Antigua; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie-Galante; Martinique; St. Lucia

81 ABA BAH GDL HIS JAM MAR MTS PUE STL VIR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex nitida f. alexandri Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 35 (1892)

= Ilex nitida f. integrifolia Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 319 (1892)

= Ilex nitida f. ovatifolia Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 285 (1908)

= Prinos nitidus Vahl; Eclog. Amer. 2: 26 (1798)

variant :

var. repanda (Griseb.) P.A.González; Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 449 (2007)

Distribution: Bahamas; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Haiti; Puerto Rico

81 BAH CUB HIS PUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex grisebachii Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 27 (1881)

= Ilex repanda Griseb.; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 172 (1861)

= Ilex riedlaei Loes. ex Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 317 (1893)

= Ilex urbaniana var. riedlaei (Loes.) Edwin ex T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 251 (1997)

variant :

var. repandoides (Loes.) P.A.González; Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 450 (2007)

Distribution: Cuba; Hispaniola

81 CUB HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex grisebachii var. haitiensis Loes.; Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 14 (1929)

= Ilex grisebachii var. nipensis Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 74 (1923)

= Ilex repandoides Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 73 (1923)

species :

Ilex nitidissima C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 35-36 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, S-Hunan, NE-Jiangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex nothofagifolia Kingdon-Ward; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 81: 194 (1927)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; India (Assam); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 IND 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex intricata var. oblata W.E.Evans; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 13(63-64): 163-164 (1921)

= Ilex oblata (W.E.Evans) H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 55 (1933)

species :

Ilex nothophoeboides I.M.Turner; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 51(5): 307 (2014), nom. nov.

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex grandifolia Merr.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 19: 163 (1933 publ. 1934), nom. illeg.

species :

Ilex nubicola C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 13 (1985)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex nuculicava S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 385-387 (1949)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex nuculicava f. brevipedicellata (S.Y.Hu) T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 219 (1997)

= Ilex nuculicava var. brevipedicellata S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 387 (1949)

variant :

var. auctumnalis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 387 (1949)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

variant :

var. glabra S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 387 (1949)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex nuculicava f. glabra (S.Y.Hu) C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 22 (1981)

species :

Ilex nummularia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 49 (1879)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex obcordata Sw.; Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 338 (1797)

Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico

81 CUB HIS JAM PUE

Synonyms: hidden

= Braxylis obcordata (Sw.) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 51 (1838)

= Ilex cristalensis Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 69 (1923) (christalensis)

= Ilex ekmaniana Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 72 (1923)

= Ilex ekmaniana var. regnelliana Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 72 (1923)

= Ilex formonica Loes.; Ark. Bot. 22A(10): 12 (1929)

= Ilex shaferi Britton & P.Wilson; Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 78 (1920)

= Ilex sintenisii (Urb.) Britton; Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 5: 515 (1924)

= Vaccinium sintenisii Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 5: 454 (1908)

variant :

var. vaccinioides (Loes.) P.A.González; Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 473 (2007)

Distribution: Jamaica; Puerto Rico

81 JAM PUE

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex vaccinioides Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 270 (1912)

species :

Ilex oblonga C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 23-24, photo. 4 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex obtusata (Turcz.) Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 16: 378 (1872)

Distribution: Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Norte de Santander, Santander); Venezuela (Tachira); Peru

82 CLM VEN 83 PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex jaramillana Cuatrec.; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 67: 631 (1990)

= Prinos obtusatus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 457 (1858) non Schult.

species :

Ilex occulta C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 18-19 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 189 (1825)

Distribution: Nepal; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali)

40 BAN IND NEP 41 MYA 42 JAW LSI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex gaultheriifolia Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41: 299 (1872)

= Ilex odorata var. teysmannii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 324 (1901)

= Ilex theifolia Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 601 (1875), nom. illeg.

= Myrsine theifolia Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] 218, no. 6391 (1832), nomen

species :

Ilex oligodonta Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 1(1): 67 (1930)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex oligoneura Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 464 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex oliveriana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 406 (1901)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar, Miranda); Guyana

82 GUY VEN

species :

Ilex omeiensis Hu & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 245 (1940)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex opaca Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 169 (1789)

Name: American holly

Distribution: Taiwan [I]; India [c]; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia); Honduras [c]

38 tai 40 ind 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 80 hon

Synonyms: hidden

= Ageria opaca (Aiton) Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 47 (1838)

= Ilex americana Lam.; J. Hist. Nat. 1: 416 (1792)

= Ilex aquifolium var. opaca (Aiton) Laurentius; Nursery Cat. (Laurentius´schen Gärtnerei) 40: 42 (1868)

= Ilex canadensis Marshall; Arbust. Amer. 64 (1785)

= Ilex laxiflora Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 147 (1789)

= Ilex opaca f. subintegra Weath.; Rhodora 23: 119 (1921)

= Ilex opaca f. xanthocarpa Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 16: 73 (1907 publ. 1908)

= Ilex opaca var. acuminata Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 8 (1830)

= Ilex opaca var. floribunda Demcker; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 13: 155 (1904 publ. 1905)

= Ilex opaca var. globosa Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 8 (1830)

= Ilex opaca var. integra Alph.Wood; Amer. Bot. Fl. 1: 207 (1870)

= Ilex opaca var. latifolia Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 8 (1830)

= Ilex opaca var. laxiflora (Lam.) Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 1: 109 (1818)

= Ilex opaca var. macrodon Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 8 (1830)

= Ilex opaca var. subintegra (Weath.) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees 543 (1927)

= Ilex quercifolia Meerb.; Pl. Select. Icon. Pict., t. 5 (1798)

variant :

var. arenicola (Ashe) Ashe; Quart. Charleston Mus. 1, no. 2: 31 (1925)

Distribution: USA (Florida)

78 USA

Conservation Status: IUCN R. Of conservation concern

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex arenicola Ashe; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 40: 44 (1924)

= Ilex arenicola f. oblanceolata McFarlin; Rhodora 34: 234 (1932)

= Ilex arenicola f. sebringensis McFarlin; Rhodora 34: 18 (1932)

= Ilex arenicola var. obovata McFarlin; Rhodora 34: 234 (1932)

= Ilex arenicola var. paucidens McFarlin; Rhodora 34: 235 (1932)

= Ilex arenicola var. transiens McFarlin; Rhodora 34: 235 (1932)

= Ilex cumulicola Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 51: 382 (1924)

= Ilex opaca subsp. arenicola (Ashe) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Ilex pygmaea McFarlin; Rhodora 34: 17 (1932)

= Ilex pygmaea var. subedentata McFarlin; Rhodora 34: 235 (1932)

species :

Ilex oppositifolia Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 223 (1939)

Distribution: Borneo

42 BOR

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex organensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 219 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex ovalifolia G.Mey.; Prim. Fl. Esseq. 91 (1818)

Distribution: Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana

82 FRG GUY SUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ageria ovalis Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 48 (1838)

= Ilex brevifolia Münter; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereine Neu-Vorpommern 14: 195 (1883)

species :

Ilex ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) Loes.; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl], Nachtr. 1: 219 (1897)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex lechleri Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 177 (1901)

= Ilex matthewsii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 176 (1901)

= Ilex paltoria Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 1: 152 (1805)

= Paltoria ovalis Ruiz & Pav.; Fl. Peruv. [Ruiz & Pavon] 1: 54 (1798)

species :

Ilex pachyphylla Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 318 (1915)

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)

42 PHI

species :

Ilex palawanica Loes. ex Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1664 (1913)

Distribution: Palawan

42 PLW

Remarks: status very uncertain

Conservation Status: IUCN I

species :

Ilex pallida Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 482 (1926)

Distribution: Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama

80 COS HON NIC PAN

species :

Ilex paltorioides Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 60 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.; Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 351 (1822)

Name: Mate

Distribution: Seychelles [I]; Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I]); NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Mato Grosso, Brazília Distrito Federal, Mato Grosso do Sul); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo); S-Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Canindeyu, Central, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, San Pedro); Uruguay (Maldonado, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres); Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones)

29 sey 63 haw 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR URU

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex bonplandiana Münter; Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereine Neu-Vorpommern 14: 183 (1883)

= Ilex congonhas Liais; Clim. Géol. Géogr. Bot. Brésil 563 (1872)

= Ilex curitibensis Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 8: 393 (1861)

= Ilex domestica Reiss; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 67 (1861)

= Ilex domestica var. glabra Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 67 (1861)

= Ilex mate A.St.-Hil.; Hist. Pl. Remarq. Brésil 1: xli (1824)

= Ilex paraguariensis f. confusa Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 308 (1901)

= Ilex paraguariensis f. dasyprionata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 308 (1901)

= Ilex paraguariensis f. domestica (Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 306 (1901)

= Ilex paraguariensis f. latifolia (Reissek) Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 2: 741 (1902)

= Ilex paraguariensis f. microphylla Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): t. 13, f. 18 (1861)

= Ilex paraguariensis f. parvifolia Chodat; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 2: 741 (1902)

= Ilex paraguariensis f. sorbilis (Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 307 (1901)

= Ilex paraguariensis var. acutifolia Mart.; Syst. Mat. Med. Bras. 61 (1843)

= Ilex paraguariensis var. angustifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 63 (1861)

= Ilex paraguariensis var. dentata Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 8: 392 (1861)

= Ilex paraguariensis var. euneura Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 309 (1901)

= Ilex paraguariensis var. guaranina Loes.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 315 (1897)

= Ilex paraguariensis var. latifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 62 (1861)

= Ilex paraguariensis var. ulei Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 309 (1901)

= Ilex paraguariensis var. usitata Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 8: 393 (1861)

= Ilex paraguayensis Hook.; Bot. Mag. 69: t. 3992 (1843), orth. var.

= Ilex sorbilis Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 66 (1879)

= Ilex theaezans Bonpl. ex Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 8: 389, 391 (1861)

variant :

var. sincorensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 285 (1908)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia)

84 BRA

variant :

var. vestita (Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 309 (1901)

Distribution: S-Brazil (Paraná)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex domestica var. pubescens Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 67 (1861)

= Ilex paraguariensis f. pubescens (Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 308 (1901)

= Ilex vestita Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 54 (1879)

species :

Ilex paruensis Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 330 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex parvifructa Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 144 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex patens Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 6: 113 (1915)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Pahang, Selangor)

42 MLY

species :

Ilex pauciflora Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 82: 177 (1920)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (only known from Penang Hill)

42 MLY

species :

Ilex paucinervia Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 274 (1920 publ. 1921)

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)

42 PHI

species :

Ilex paujiensis Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 330 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex pedunculosa Miq.; Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Ser. 2, 2: 83 (1866 publ. 1868)

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, S-Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, ?Shaanxi, S-Shanxi, Sichuan, ?Zhejiang); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); ?Taiwan

36 CHI 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex impressivena Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 1: 34-36, f. 15 (1925)

= Ilex morii Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 1: 38-39, f. 18 (1925)

= Ilex pedunculosa f. aurantiaca (Koidz.) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 78 (1953)

= Ilex pedunculosa f. continentalis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 110 (1901)

= Ilex pedunculosa f. continentalis Loes. ex Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 435 (1900)

= Ilex pedunculosa f. longipedunculata S.Watan.; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 28(2): 62 (1980)

= Ilex pedunculosa var. aurantiaca Koidz.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 149 (1934)

= Ilex pedunculosa var. continentalis (Loes.) Bean; Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 649 (1914)

= Ilex pedunculosa var. senjoensis (Hayashi) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 76 (1954)

= Ilex pedunculosa var. variegata Nakai ex Makino & Nemoto; Fl. Japan. [Makino & Nemoto] 623 (1925)

= Ilex purpurea var. leveilleana Loes.; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 201 (1914)

= Ilex senjoensis Hayashi; J. Jap. Bot. 29: 150 (1954)

species :

Ilex peiradena S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 62-64 (1950)

Distribution: China (S-Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex pentagona S.K.Chen, Y.X.Feng & C.F.Liang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36(4): 357 (1998)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex perado Sol. ex Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 169 (1789)

subspecies :

subsp. perado

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)

21 MDR

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex crassifolia Meerb.; Pl. Select. Icon. Pict., t. 4 (1798)

= Ilex maderensis Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3(1): 146 (1789)

= Ilex perado subvar. spinulososerrata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 247 (1901)

= Ilex perulera Molinari; Polish Bot. J. 60(1): 67 (2015), nom. nov. for I. crassifolia Meerb.

subspecies :

subsp. azorica (Loes.) Tutin; J. Bot. 71(no. 844): 100 (1933)

Distribution: Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.)

21 AZO

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex azorica Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 57 (1918)

= Ilex perado f. umbrosa P.Silva & Q.G.P.Silva; Agron. Lusit. 16(1): 42 (1974)

= Ilex perado var. azorica Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 247 (1901)

subspecies :

subsp. lopezlilloi (Kunkel) O.E.Erikss., A.Hansen & Sunding; Fl. Macaronesia, Checklist Vasc. Pl., rev. ed. 2, 1: 92 (1979)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (La Gomera)

21 CNY

Conservation Status: IUCN E. Very rare, less than 20 living plants known

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex perado var. lopezlilloi (Kunkel) S.Andrews; Kew Bull. 39(1): 151 (1984)

= Ilex platyphylla subsp. lopezlilloi G.Kunkel; Cuad. Bot. Canaria 28: 25 (1976 publ. 1977)

subspecies :

subsp. platyphylla (Webb & Berthel.) Tutin; J. Bot. 71(no. 844): 100 (1933)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma)

21 CNY

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex perado var. platyphylla (Webb & Berthel.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 246 (1901)

= Ilex perado Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 2: 136 (1843), non (Sol.) Aiton

= Ilex platyphylla Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 2: 135, t. 68 (1843)

species :

Ilex perlata C.Chen & S.C.Huang ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 8 (1985)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex permicrophylla Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 26: 468 (1925)

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)

42 PHI

species :

Ilex pernervata Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 209 (1949)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Nariño, Putumayo, Risaralda, Santander, Valle); Venezuela (Merida); Ecuador

82 CLM VEN 83 ECU

species :

Ilex pernyi Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 5: 221 (1883)

Distribution: China (Anhui, ?Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, ?Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing)

36 CHI 41 MYA

species :

Ilex perryana S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 367-369 (1949)

Distribution: China (N-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-Myanmar (Kachin, Sagaing)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex georgei var. rugosa H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18(86): 51 (1933)

species :

Ilex petiolaris Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 11 (1852)

Distribution: Colombia (Amazonas, Vichada); Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amazonas); WC-Brazil

82 CLM 83 BOL PER 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex parviflora Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 11 (1852)

species :

Ilex phanganensis Pruesapan & Welzen; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 49(1): 69 (2021)

Distribution: Thailand

41 THA

species :

Ilex phillyreifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 60 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex pingheensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(4): 29-30, f. s. no. (1989)

Distribution: China (Fujian)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex pingnanensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 59-60 (1950)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex poiensis S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 10 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex poilanei Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 122 (1945)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Ilex polita Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 331 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex polypyrena C.J.Tseng & B.W.Liu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 2 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex praetermissa Kiew; Kew Bull. 32(3): 562 (1978)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (only known from Klang Gates, Selangor)

42 MLY

Conservation Status: IUCN E

species :

Ilex pringlei Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 675 (1923)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz); Honduras

79 MEX 80 HON

species :

Ilex promecophylla S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 11 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); Brunei

42 BOR BRN

species :

Ilex prostrata Groppo; Kew Bull. 57(4): 979 (2002)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex psammophila Mart. ex Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 42 (1879)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex pseudobuxus Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 40 (1879)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex peduncularis Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 50 (1861)

= Ilex pseudobuxus f. peduncularis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 125 (1901)

= Ilex pseudobuxus f. reissekii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 124 (1901)

species :

Ilex pseudoebenacea Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 386 (1901)

Distribution: Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL

species :

Ilex pseudoembelioides Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 204 (1901)

Distribution: Sulawesi

42 SUL

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex pseudomachilifolia C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 3 (1985)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex pseudoodorata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 285 (1901)

Distribution: India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim); Laos; Vietnam

40 IND 41 LAO VIE

species :

Ilex pseudothea Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 64 (1861)

Distribution: SE-Brazil

84 BRA

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex pseudotheezans Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 370 (1901)

Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex pseudoumbelliformis T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 228 (1997), nom. nov.

Distribution: Venezuela (Tepuis); N-Brazil

82 VEN 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex attenuata Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 322 (1988), non Ashe 1924

species :

Ilex pseudovaccinium Reissek ex Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 22 (1881)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex pseudovaccinium var. diminuta Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 210 (1901)

species :

Ilex ptariana Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 324 (1952)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex pubescens Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 176, t. 35 (1833)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Taiwan

36 CHI 38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex pubescens f. xanthocarpa X.Liu, X.D.Mei & Z.H.Chen; J. Zhejiang Forest. Sci. Technol. 41(3): 83 (2021)

= Ilex pubescens var. glabra H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 5(2): 40 (1959)

= Ilex trichoclada Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 56 (1913)

variant :

var. kwangsiensis Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 3(8): 189 (1933)

Distribution: China (W-Guangxi, S-Guizhou, SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex pubifructa Pruesapan, S.Andrews & D.A.Simpson; Kew Bull. 72(2)-21: 1 (2017)

Distribution: Thailand

41 THA

species :

Ilex pubigera (C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li) S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(2): 34 (1999)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex purpurea var. pubigera C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 5 (1985)

species :

Ilex pubilimba Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 5(1-3): 109-110 (1940)

Distribution: China (Hainan); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex hirsuticarpa Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12(1-2): 120-121 (1945)

species :

Ilex pustulosa Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 16: 378 (1872)

Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex pyrifolia C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 3-4 (1981)

Distribution: China (Sichuan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex qianlingshanensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 10-11 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex qingyuanensis C.Z.Zheng; J. Hangzhou Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 2: 73 (1980)

Distribution: China (?Fujian, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex quercetorum I.M.Johnst.; J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 122 (1938)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras

79 MEX 80 GUA HON

species :

Ilex quitensis (Willd. ex Schult.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 222 (1901)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex bumelioides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 71 (1824), nom. superfl.

= Ilex quitensis f. glabra Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 1: 166 (1905)

= Prinodia bumelioides Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 224 (1857)

= Rhamnus quitensis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 295 (1819)

species :

Ilex rarasanensis Sasaki; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 21: 154 (1931)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Conservation Status: IUCN I

species :

Ilex renae S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 12 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)

42 BOR

species :

Ilex retusa Klotzsch; Reis. Br.-Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 1097 (1861)

Distribution: Colombia (Guainía, Vaupés); Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar); Guyana

82 CLM GUY VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex retusa f. brunnescens Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 157 (1901)

= Ilex retusa f. glabra Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 959 (1957)

= Ilex retusa f. glaucescens Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 959 (1957)

= Ilex retusa f. major Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28: 960 (1957)

= Ilex stenophylla Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 325 (1952), non Koidz. (1923)

species :

Ilex retusifolia S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(2): 238-239 (1950)

Distribution: China (S-Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex revoluta Stapf; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 23: t. 2263 (1893), et Trans. Linn Soc. Ser. II. iv.134 (1894)

Distribution: Borneo

42 BOR

species :

Ilex rimbachii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 198 (1937)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Ilex robusta C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 6-9, photo. 1 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex robustinervosa C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(2): 1-44 (1999)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex rotunda Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 77 (1784)

Name: Kurogane holly

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Laos; Vietnam; USA [I] (Georgia [I])

36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 41 LAO VIE 78 usa

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex koshunensis Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 1: 36-37, f. 16 (1925)

= Ilex laevigata Blume ex Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 167 (1870) (non A. Gray)

= Ilex microcarpa Lindl. ex Paxton; Paxton´s Fl. Gard. 1: 43 (1850)

= Ilex rotunda f. xanthocarpa T.Shin; J. Jap. Bot. 57: 247 (1982), nom. illeg.

= Ilex rotunda f. xanthocarpa Uyeki & Tokui; J. Jap. Bot. 41: 100 (1966)

= Ilex rotunda f. xanthocarpa Y.Hayashi; J. Geobot. 25(3): 55 (1977)

= Ilex rotunda var. microcarpa (Lindl. ex Paxton) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 310 (1949)

= Ilex rotunda var. sinensis Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 25: 13 (1935)

= Ilex sasakii Yamam.; Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 1: 39-40, f. 19 (1925)

= Ilex unicanaliculata C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 12-13 (1981)

= Synstima rotundifolia Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 49 (1838)

species :

Ilex rubra S.Watson; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 422 (1886)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

species :

Ilex rubrinervia Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 123 (1945)

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Ilex rubroantheriana S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 5: 204 (2022)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex rugosa F.Schmidt; Reis. Amur-Land., Bot. 122 (1868)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex rugosa f. vegeta (H.Hara) H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 77 (1954)

= Ilex rugosa var. hondoensis T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 62(5): 144 (1987)

= Ilex rugosa var. stenophylla Sugim.; Key Trees Shrubs Japan 213 (1936)

= Ilex rugosa var. vegeta H.Hara; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 188 (1936)

= Ilex stenophylla Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 44 (1923), non Unger (1847)

species :

Ilex rugulosa Huber ex Ducke; Bol. Mus. Goeldi Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 7: 113 (1913), in obs.

Distribution: N-Brazil (Pará)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex rupicola Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 7: 70 (1825)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

variant :

var. pleiomera Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34(4, Beibl. 78): 13 (1904)

Distribution: Ecuador

83 ECU

species :

Ilex salicina Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 3(8): 187-188 (1933)

Distribution: China (S-Guangxi); N-Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

species :

Ilex sanqingshanensis W.B.Liao, Q.Fan & S.Shi; Nordic J. Bot. 33(6): 662 (2015)

Distribution: China (Jiangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex sapiiformis Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 45 (1879)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Pernambuco)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex sapotifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 44 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex sarawaccensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 434 (1901)

Distribution: Borneo

42 BOR

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex savannarum Wurdack; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(4): 3 (1961)

Distribution: Colombia (Guainía); Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 CLM VEN

variant :

var. morichei Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 147 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex saxicola C.J.Tseng & H.H.Liu; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 33-34 (1981)

Distribution: China (SW-Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex scabridula Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 258 (1941)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Ilex schlechteri Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 82 (1924)

Distribution: New Guinea

42 NWG

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex schwackeana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 416 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex sclerophylla Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 606 (1875)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Ulu Brang, Terengganu, Gunung Ledang, Johor)

42 MLY

species :

Ilex sclerophylloides Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 77 (1901)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kedah, Perak, Johor); Borneo; Brunei

42 BOR BRN MLY

species :

Ilex scopulorum Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 7: 55 (1824 publ. 1825)

Distribution: Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda); Ecuador

82 VEN 83 ECU

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex crassifolia Willd. ex Schult.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 337 (1827)

= Ilex scopulorum var. caracasana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 173 (1901)

= Ilex scopulorum var. crassifolia (Schult. & Schult.f.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 172 (1901)

species :

Ilex scutiiformis Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 50 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex scutiiformis var. hilariana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 213 (1901)

species :

Ilex sebertii Pancher; Rev. Marit. Colon. 41: 210 (1874)

Distribution: New Caledonia

60 NWC

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex neocaledonica Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 23 (1881)

= Ilex mucronulatus Pancher ex Heckel; Ann. Fac. Sci. Marseille 2: 108 (1892), nomen

= Ilex vernicosus Pancher ex Jeanneney; Nouv.-Calédonie Agric. 116 (1894), nomen

species :

Ilex serrata Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 78 (1784) ex A. Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 168 (1784)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang); South Korea [I]; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu)

36 CHI 38 JAP kor

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex argutidens Miq.; Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Ser. 2, 2: 84 (1868)

= Ilex nemotoi Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 33 (1900)

= Ilex serrata f. alba Hiyama; J. Jap. Bot. 39: 124 (1964)

= Ilex serrata f. argutidens (Miq.) Satomi; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 28(1): 32 (1980)

= Ilex serrata f. koshobae H.Hara; Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 77 (1954)

= Ilex serrata f. leucocarpa Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 17: 137 (1908)

= Ilex serrata f. subtilis (Miq.) Ohwi; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 33: 78 (1953)

= Ilex serrata f. xanthocarpa (Rehder) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 223 (1915 publ. 1916)

= Ilex serrata subsp. cathayensis T.R.Dudley; Holly Soc. J. 9(4): 5 (1991)

= Ilex serrata var. argutidens (Miq.) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 2: 798 (1900)

= Ilex serrata var. sieboldii (Miq.) Rehder; Cycl. Amer. Hort. [L.H.Bailey] 798 (1900)

= Ilex serrata var. subtilis (Miq.) Yatabe; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 62: 158 (1892)

= Ilex serrata var. xanthocarpa Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1641 (1915)

= Ilex sieboldii Miq.; Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Ser. 2, 2: 84 (1868)

= Ilex subtilis Miq.; Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., Ser. 2, 2: 84 (1868)

species :

Ilex servinii E.Carranza; Acta Bot. Mex. 69: 134 (2004)

Distribution: Mexico (Queretaro, San Luis Potosi)

79 MEX

species :

Ilex sessiliflora Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 16: 378 (1872)

Distribution: Colombia (Quindío, Tolima); Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz)

82 CLM 83 BOL PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex sessiliflora var. pearcei Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 168 (1901)

species :

Ilex sessilifructa Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 132 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex shennongjiaensis T.R.Dudley & S.C.Sun; J. Arnold Arbor. 64(1): 63 (1983), et Feddes Repert. 94(1-2): 29 (1983)

Distribution: China (W-Hubei)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex shimeica K.F.Kwok; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 357 (1963)

Distribution: China (Hainan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex shukunii Y.Yang & H.Peng; Phytotaxa 382(2): 188 (2018)

Distribution: China (Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex shweliensis H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18(86): 57-58 (1933)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 224 (1857)

subspecies :

subsp. sideroxyloides

Name: Black beech, Bois citron, Bois fourni, Caca poule, Caca rat, Citronnier, Citronnier blanc, Petit citron, Ti citron, White birch (Lesser Antilles), Gongoli (Puerto Rico)

Distribution: Puerto Rico; Nevis; St. Kitts; Montserrat; Guadeloupe; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; St. Vincent; Grenada; Trinidad; Isla Margarita; Venezuela (Falcon, Nueva Esparta)

81 DOM GDL GRE MAR MTS PUE STK STL STV TRT VEN 82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Prinodia sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb.; Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 7: 224 (1857)

= Prinos sideroxyloides Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. [O.P.Swartz] 58 (1788)

= Ilex sideroxyloides f. eggersii Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 316 (1892)

= Ilex sideroxyloides f. grandifolia Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 316 (1892)

subspecies :

subsp. occidentalis (Macfad.) P.A.González; Harvard Pap. Bot. 12(2): 461 (2007)

Distribution: Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico

81 CUB HIS JAM PUE

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex cubana var. tiburonica Loes.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 33: 179 (1933)

= Ilex occidentalis Macfad.; Fl. Jamaica [Macfadyen] 1: 204 (1837)

= Ilex occidentalis var. maestrana Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 74 (1923)

= Ilex occidentalis var. rotundifolia Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 74 (1923)

= Ilex sideroxyloides f. jamaicensis Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 346 (1899)

= Ilex sideroxyloides f. occidentalis [Symb.Antill.; Urban] 1: 345 (1899)

= Ilex sideroxyloides f. portoricensis (Loes.) Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 345 (1899)

= Ilex sideroxyloides var. occidentalis (Macfad.) Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1(2): 345 (1899)

= Ilex sideroxyloides var. portoricensis Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 316 (1892)

species :

Ilex sikkimensis Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 44(2): 202 (1875)

Distribution: SE-Tibet; W-Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Sikkim)

36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex odorata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 599 (1875) p. p. (non Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don 1825)

= Ilex sikkimensis King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 55(2): 265, t. 13 (1886)

= Ilex sikkimensis var. coccinea H.F.Comber; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 58 (1933)

species :

Ilex sinica (Loes.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(2): 231 (1950)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, S-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex malabarica var. sinica Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 281 (1908)

species :

Ilex sipapoana Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: No. 3. 133 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex lymanii Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 134 (1965)

species :

Ilex skutchii Edwin ex T.R.Dudley & W.J.Hahn; Novon 6(2): 181 (1996)

Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica

80 COS NIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex valerii var. ramonensis (Standl.) Edwin; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 184 (1967)

= Ilex ramonensis Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 630 (1937)

species :

Ilex socorroensis Brandegee; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 90 (1910)

Distribution: Revillagigedos Isl. (Isla Socorro)

79 RGI

species :

Ilex soderstromii Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: No. 3. 145 (1965)

Distribution: Guyana

82 GUY

variant :

var. ovata Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 146 (1965)

Distribution: Guyana

82 GUY

species :

Ilex solida Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: No. 3. 144 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex spicata Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1149 (1826)

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia; Borneo; Java

42 BOR JAW MLY

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex stapfiana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 431 (1901)

= Prinos spicatus (Blume) Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 594 (1856)

= Ilex spicata var. blumeana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 429 (1901)

variant :

var. harmsiana (Loes.) S.Andrews; Sandakania 11: 13 (1998)

Distribution: Borneo

42 BOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex harmsiana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 433 (1901)

species :

Ilex spinigera (Loes.) Loes.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 28: 41 (1919)

Distribution: Azerbaijan (Talysh); N-Iran

33 AZE 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex aquifolium subsp. caspia (Loes.) Rech.f.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 57: 57 (1950)

= Ilex aquifolium var. caspia Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 262 (1901)

= Ilex hyrcana Pojark.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 9 (1947 publ. 1945)

species :

Ilex spinulosa Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 207 (1949)

Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Valle)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex spruceana Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 59 (1879)

Distribution: Colombia (Caquetá); Venezuela (Amazonas); N-Brazil (Amazonas)

82 CLM VEN 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex spruceana var. guainiensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 399 (1901)

species :

Ilex stellata W.J.Hahn; Novon 3(1): 41 (1993)

Distribution: Panama

80 PAN

species :

Ilex stenocarpa Pojark.; Ref. Nauchno-Issl. Rabot, Otdelenie Biol. Nauk 9 (1947 publ. 1945)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus

33 NCS

species :

Ilex stenura (Merr. & L.M.Perry) D.M.Hicks; Kew Bull. 61(4): 540 (2007)

Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex malaccensis var. stenura Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 40 (1949)

species :

Ilex sterrophylla Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 5(1-3): 110 (1940)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan); Cambodia

36 CHI 41 CBD

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex suaveolens var. sterrophylla (Merr. & Chun) H.T.Chang; Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 2: 40 (1959)

species :

Ilex stewardii S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(2): 219-220 (1950)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex steyermarkii Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12: No. 3. 143 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex strigillosa T.R.Dudley; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 6(1): 43-46 (1984)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex suaveolens (H.Lév.) Loes.; Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 32: 541 (1914)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Celastrus suaveolens H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(363-367): 263 (1914)

= Ilex debaoensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 3 (1981)

species :

Ilex subcaudata Merr. ex Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1661 (1913), nomen, et Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 317 (1915), descr.

Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)

42 PHI

species :

Ilex subcordata Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 49 (1879)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex subcordata f. meizocarpa Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 216 (1901)

= Ilex subcordata f. nummularioides Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 217 (1901)

= Ilex subcordata f. silveirae Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 217 (1901)

species :

Ilex subcrenata S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 395 (1951)

Distribution: China (N-Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex suber Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 443 (1895)

Distribution: WC-Brazil (Goiás)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex subficoidea S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 384-385 (1949)

Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

species :

Ilex sublongecaudata C.J.Tseng & S.Liu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 23 (1985)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex subodorata S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 74-76 (1950)

Distribution: China (SW-Guizhou, Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex subrotundifolia Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 328 (1952)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex brevipetiolata Steyerm. & Wurdack; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 479 (1957)

species :

Ilex subrugosa Loes.; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 1(1): 80-81 (1911)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex latifolia var. subrugosa (Loes.) Hu & Tang; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 9: 253 (1940)

species :

Ilex subtriflora Griseb. ex Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 312 (1892)

Distribution: Jamaica

81 JAM

Conservation Status: IUCN CR

species :

Ilex sugerokii Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 35 (1881)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku)

38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex longepedunculata (Maxim.) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39: 12 (1925)

= Ilex sugerokii f. longepedunculata Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 36 (1881)

= Ilex sugerokii subsp. longepedunculata (Maxim.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27: 78 (1913)

= Ilex sugerokii var. longepedunculata (Maxim.) Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 326 (1916)

variant :

var. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 343 (1949)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kuril Isl.); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Taiwan

31 RFE 38 JAP TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex pedunculosa var. taiwanensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 336 (1949)

= Ilex sugerokii f. brevipedunculata Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 36, pl. 1, f. 7d (1881)

= Ilex sugerokii subsp. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 27(316): 78 (1913)

= Ilex taisanensis Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 57-58 (1911)

= Ilex taiwanensis (S.Y.Hu) H.L.Li; Woody Fl. Taiwan 461 (1963)

species :

Ilex suichangensis C.Z.Zheng; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 8(4): 81 (1988)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex sumatrana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 233 (1901)

Distribution: Sumatra

42 SUM

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex summa Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 332 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex suprema Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 205 (1949)

Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Risaralda, Santander, Valle); Ecuador; Peru

82 CLM 83 ECU PER

species :

Ilex suzukii S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 376-377 (1949)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex lupingsanensis H.E.Chiang; Quart. J. Exp. Forest. 3(2): 114 (1989)

species :

Ilex synpyrena C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 17-18 (1981)

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex syzygiophylla C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(2): 144 (1999)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex szechwanensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 347 (1901)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex crenata var. scoriarum W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 10(46): 41 (1917)

= Ilex szechwanensis f. calva Loes. ex Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(3-4): 436 (1900)

= Ilex szechwanensis f. puberula Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 348 (1901)

= Ilex szechwanensis var. heterophylla C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 7 (1985)

= Ilex szechwanensis var. scoriarum (W.W.Sm.) C.Y.Wu

variant :

var. huiana T.R.Dudley; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 6(1): 49-51 (1984)

Distribution: China (S-Guangxi)

36 CHI

variant :

var. mollissima C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 6 (1985)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex tadiandamolensis Kesh.Murthy, Yogan. & K.V.Nair; Curr. Sci. 56(6): 270 (1987)

Distribution: India (Karnataka)

40 IND

species :

Ilex tahanensis Kiew; Gard. Bull. Singapore 31(2): 81 (1978), nom. nov.

Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Gunung Rabong, Kelantan, and Gunung Tahan, Pahang)

42 MLY

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex orbicularis Willd. ex Schult.; Mant. 3 [Schultes & Schultes f.]: 338 (1827)

= Ilex rupicola Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 6: 142 (1915), non Kunth

species :

Ilex tamii T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 244 (1997), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (Hainan, Guangdong)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex revoluta P.C.Tam; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 356 (1963) (non Stapf

species :

Ilex tarapotina Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 393 (1901)

Distribution: E-Peru

83 PER

species :

Ilex tateana Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 330 (1952)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex taubertiana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 125 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex kleinii Edwin; Fl. Ilustr. Catarin., Pt. 1, Aquifol., 41 (1967)

species :

Ilex tectonica W.J.Hahn; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(2): 733 (1988)

Distribution: Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica

80 BLZ COS HON NIC

species :

Ilex tenuis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 20, photo. 3 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex tepuiana Steyerm. ex Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 138 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana

82 GUY VEN

species :

Ilex teratopis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 93 (1897)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz)

83 BOL ECU PER

species :

Ilex ternatiflora (C.H.Wright) R.A.Howard; Brittonia 38(1): 15 (1986)

Distribution: +Cuba

81 CUB

Remarks: dubious species and extinct

Synonyms: hidden

= Quiina ternatiflora Wright ex Sauvalle; Anales Real Acad. Ci. Méd. Fís. Nat. Habana Revista Ci. 5: 20 (1868)

= Quiina ternatiflora Wright; Fl. Cub. [Sauvalle] 9 (1868)

species :

Ilex tetramera (Rehder) C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 21 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, ?Sichuan, Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex odorata var. tephrophylla Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 286 (1908)

= Ilex tephrophylla (Loes.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(1): 67 (1950)

= Ilex tetramera (Rehder) H.Y.Zou; J. Nanjing Forest. Univ. 18(2): 89 (1994), isonym

= Symplocos tetramera Rehder; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2(3): 598 (1916)

variant :

var. glabra (C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li) T.R.Dudley; Holly Soc. J. 6(4): 28 (1988)

Distribution: China (S-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex tephrophylla var. glabra C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 12 (1985)

species :

Ilex theezans Mart.; Syst. Mat. Med. Bras. 61 (1843)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Bahia); WC-Brazil (Brazília Distrito Federal); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro); S-Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Canindeyu); Argentina (Misiones)

84 BRA 85 ARG PAR

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex acrodonta Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 51 (1861)

= Ilex acrodonta var. angustifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 52 (1861)

= Ilex acrodonta var. latifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 52 (1861)

= Ilex fertilis Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 42 (1861)

= Ilex gigantea Bonpl. ex Miers; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 8: 894 (1861)

= Ilex theezans f. glabra Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 377 (1901)

= Ilex theezans f. puberula Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 377 (1901)

= Ilex theezans f. riedelii Loes.; Pl. Nov. Mineir. [Schwacke] 2: 6 (1900)

= Ilex theezans subsp. hieronymiana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 376 (1901)

= Ilex theezans var. acrodonta (Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 375 (1901)

= Ilex theezans var. augusti Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 375 (1901)

= Ilex theezans var. fertilis (Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 378 (1901)

= Ilex theezans var. grandifolia Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 378 (1901)

= Ilex theezans var. leptophylla Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 377 (1901)

= Ilex theezans var. pachyphylla Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 377 (1901)

= Ilex theezans var. riedelii (Loes.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 377 (1901)

= Ilex theezans var. warmingiana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 377 (1901)

= Prinos serratus Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 145 (1825 publ. 1829)

species :

Ilex thyrsiflora Klotzsch; Reis. Br.-Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 1097 (1848) (nom. nud.) ex Reissek, Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 71, t. 14, fig. 12 (1861)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana

82 GUY VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex schomburgkii Klotzsch ex Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 73 (1861)

= Ilex thyrsiflora var. schomburgkii (Klotzsch ex Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 436 (1901)

species :

Ilex tiricae Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 135 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex tonii Lundell; Wrightia 4: 135 (1970)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas)

79 MEX

species :

Ilex tonkinensis Pierre; Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 18 (1893) sub t. 278. in obs.

Distribution: N-Vietnam

41 VIE

species :

Ilex toroidea D.M.Hicks; Kew Bull. 61(4): 543 (2007)

Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Ilex trachyphylla Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 277 (1908)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Ilex trichocarpa H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 9 (1985)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex trichoclada Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 178 (1901)

Distribution: Peru; Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz)

83 BOL PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex imbricata Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 52 (1920)

= Ilex minimifolia Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 174 (1901)

species :

Ilex trichothyrsa Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 456 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex triflora Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 17: 1150-1151 (1826)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra; Borneo; Sulawesi; Java

36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 CBD LAO MYA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY SUL SUM

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex fleuryana Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12(1-2): 119 (1945)

= Ilex griffithii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(3): 601 (1875)

= Ilex horsfieldii Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 594 (1895)

= Ilex leptophylla W.P.Fang & Z.M.Tan; J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 1983(2): 78 (fig.) (1983)

= Ilex lobbiana Rolfe; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21(135): 309 (1884)

= Ilex szechwanensis f. villosa W.P.Fang & Z.M.Tan; J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 1983(2): 78 (1983)

= Ilex theicarpa Hand.-Mazz.; Sinensia 3(8): 188-189 (1933)

= Ilex triflora var. horsfieldii (Miq.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 347 (1901)

= Ilex triflora var. javensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 347 (1901)

= Ilex triflora var. kurziana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 346 (1901)

= Ilex triflora var. lobbiana (Rolfe) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 346 (1901)

= Ilex viridis var. brevipedicellata Z.M.Tan; J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 1983(2): 77 (1983), two gatherings indicated as types.

species :

Ilex truxillensis Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 455 (1858)

Distribution: Venezuela (Lara)

82 VEN

variant :

var. bullatissima Cuatrec.; Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 67: 635 (1990)

Distribution: Venezuela (Trujillo)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex tsangii S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 380 (1949)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

variant :

var. guangxiensis T.R.Dudley; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 6(1): 46-49 (1984)

Distribution: China (Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex tsiangiana C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 36-37 (1981)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex tsoi Merr. & Chun; Sunyatsenia 1(1): 66-67 (1930)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex tsugitakayamensis Sasaki; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 21: 153, f. 3. 1931

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Ilex tutcheri Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 13(3): 143-144 (1918)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex uaramae Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 135 (1965)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex uleana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 274 (1908)

Distribution: N-Brazil (Amazonas)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex umbellata Klotzsch ex Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 46 (1861)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar); Guyana

82 GUY VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex humirioides Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 52 (1879)

= Ilex umbellata Klotzsch; Reis. Br.-Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 1183 (1848), nomen

= Ilex umbellata var. humirioides (Reissek) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 406 (1901)

species :

Ilex umbellulata (Wall.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 99 (1901)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Vietnam

36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 AND LAO MYA THA VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ehretia umbellulata Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 344-345 (1824)

= Ilex godajam var. sulcata (Wall. ex Hook.f.) Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 44(2): 158 (1875)

= Ilex sulcata Wall. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(3): 604 (1875)

= Ilex umbellulata var. megalophylla Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89(2): 272 (1908)

= Pseudehretia umbellulata (Wall.) Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36: 607 (1863)

species :

Ilex umbricola Gonz.-Murillo & Zamudio; Phytoneuron 2024-14: 1 (2024)

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo)

79 MEX

species :

Ilex uniflora Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 217 (1843)

Distribution: Colombia (Cauca, Nariño, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Valle); Ecuador; Peru

82 CLM 83 ECU PER

Synonyms: hidden

= Ageria uniflora Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 47 (1838)

= Ilex caniensis J.F.Macbr.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 122 (1930)

= Ilex uniflora f. pastoensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 169 (1901)

= Ilex uniflora f. pitayensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 169 (1901)

= Ilex uniflora var. paramensis Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 206 (1949)

species :

Ilex uraiensis Yamam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 486 (1932)

Distribution: China (?Fujian); Taiwan

36 CHI 38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex formosae (Loes.) H.L.Li; Woody Fl. Taiwan 463 (1963)

= Ilex mertensii var. formosae Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 338 (1901)

= Ilex uraiensis var. formosae (Loes.) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 383 (1949)

= Ilex uraiensis var. macrophylla S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 34(2): 158 (1953)

species :

Ilex urbaniana Loes. ex Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 316 (1893)

Name: Cuero de sapo (Puerto Rico)

Distribution: Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola)

81 PUE VIR

Conservation Status: IUCN R

species :

Ilex urceolatus C.B.Shang, K.S.Tang & D.Q.Du; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 30: 645 (2010)

Distribution: China (Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex vacciniifolia Klotzsch; Reis. Br.-Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 3: 1097 (1849), nomen, ex Reissek, Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 57 (1861)

Distribution: Colombia; Venezuela (Bolívar, Sucre); Guyana

82 CLM GUY VEN

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex bolivarensis Edwin; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 12(3): 142 (1965)

species :

Ilex valenzuelana Alain; Candollea 17: 118 (1960)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

species :

Ilex velutina Mart. ex Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 53 (1879)

Distribution: NE-Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia); SE-Brazil (Minas Gerais)

84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex velutina var. pyrenea Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 443 (1896)

species :

Ilex velutinulosa Cuatrec.; Fieldiana, Bot. 27: No. 2. 79 (1951)

Distribution: Colombia (Santander)

82 CLM

species :

Ilex venezuelensis Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 330 (1952)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex venulosa Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1(3): 602-603 (1875)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay)

36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND 41 MYA

Conservation Status: IUCN I

variant :

var. simplicifrons S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 31(2): 217-218 (1950)

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan); NE-India (Assam)

36 CHI 40 IND

species :

Ilex venusta H.Peng & W.B.Liao; Phytotaxa 298(2): 149 (2017)

Distribution: China (Jiangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex verisimilis C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(2): 144 (1999)

Distribution: China (Guangdong, NE-Guangxi, S-Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex versteeghii Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 259 (1941)

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

species :

Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray; Manual [A.Gray], ed. 2: 307 (1856)

Name: Winterberry Holly, Black alder (EN), Apalanche, Aulne blanche (FR)

Distribution: Canada (New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

72 CDN SPM 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex bronxensis Britton; Man. Fl. N. States [Britton] 604 (1901)

= Ilex fastigiata E.P.Bicknell; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 426 (1912)

= Ilex verticillata f. aurantiaca (Moldenke) Rehder; Bibl. Cult. Trees 403 (1949)

= Ilex verticillata f. chrysocarpa B.L.Rob.; Rhodora 2: 106 (1900)

= Ilex verticillata f. fructuosa Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 473 (1901)

= Ilex verticillata f. hodgsonii F.Seym.; Fl. New England, ed. 2: 377 (1982), as ´hodgdonii´

= Ilex verticillata subsp. tenuifolia (Torr.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

= Ilex verticillata var. aurantiaca Moldenke; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 29 (1939)

= Ilex verticillata var. cyclophylla B.L.Rob.; Rhodora 2: 105 (1900)

= Ilex verticillata var. fastigiata (E.P.Bicknell) Fernald; Rhodora 23: 274 (1922)

= Ilex verticillata var. padifolia (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray ex S.Watson; Bibliogr. Index N. Amer. Bot. 160 (1878)

= Ilex verticillata var. tenuifolia (Torr.) S.Watson; Bibliogr. Index N. Amer. Bot. 160 (1878)

= Prinos confertus Moench; Methodus [Moench] 481 (1794)

= Prinos gronovii Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 236 (1803)

= Prinos padifolius Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 1: 394 (1809)

= Prinos prunifolius Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 272 (1815)

= Prinos verticillatus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 330 (1753)

= Prinos verticillatus var. dubius DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 2: 17 (1825)

= Prinos verticillatus var. tenuifolius Torr.; Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 338 (1824)

species :

Ilex vesparum Steyerm.; Fieldiana, Bot. 28(2): 332 (1952)

Distribution: Venezuela (Anzoategui, Sucre)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex victorinii Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 12: 2 (1953)

Distribution: Cuba

81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex alainii T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 154 (1997), nom. nov. superfl.

species :

Ilex vietnamensis T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 252 (1997), nom. nov.

Distribution: Vietnam

41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex merrillii Tardieu; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 122 (1945), non Briq. (1919)

= Ilex tardieublotii T.Ð.Ðai; Fl. Taynguy. Enum. 45 (1984), nom. nov., without replaced synonym ref.

species :

Ilex villosula Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 366 (1901)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

species :

Ilex virgata Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 191 (1901)

Distribution: SE-Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

84 BRA

species :

Ilex viridis Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 329 (1852)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, ?Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang); Vietnam

36 CHI 41 VIE

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex triflora var. viridis (Champ. ex Benth.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 345 (1901)

species :

Ilex vismiifolia Reissek; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 11(1): 59 (1879)

Distribution: Colombia; Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; N-Brazil (Acre)

82 CLM GUY 83 ECU PER 84 BRA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex andarensis f. psila Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 289 (1908)

= Ilex andarensis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 394 (1901)

= Ilex reisseckiana T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 231 (1997) nom. nov. for Ilex andarensis

species :

Ilex vitiensis A.Gray; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 15(1): 295, t. 25 (1854)

Distribution: Solomon Isl.; Vanuatu; Fiji

43 SOL 60 FIJ VAN

species :

Ilex vitis-idaea Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 183 (1901)

Distribution: Peru

83 PER

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex volkensiana (Loes.) Kaneh. & Hatus.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 1: 607 (1936)

Distribution: Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Fed. States of Micronesia (Pohnpei)

38 nns 62 MIC

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex mertensii var. volkensiana Loes.

species :

Ilex vomitoria Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 170 (1789)

Name: Yaupon (EN, ES)

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia); Mexico (Chiapas); Cuba

74 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 81 CUB

Synonyms: hidden

= Cassine vomitoria Swanton; nom. nud.

= Ilex caroliniana (Lam.) Loes.; Bot. Centralbl. 47: 163 (1891)

= Ilex cassena Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 229 (1803)

= Ilex floridana Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 856. no. 1731 (1785)

= Ilex ligustrina f. ekmanii Loes.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 74 (1923)

= Ilex ligustrina f. parvifolia (Griseb. ex Loes.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 319 (1901)

= Ilex ligustrina Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 4: 105 (1790)

= Ilex ligustrina var. minutiflora (A.Rich.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 319 (1901)

= Ilex minutiflora A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 9: 352 (1845)

= Ilex minutiflora f. parvifolia Griseb. ex Loes.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 15: 318 (1892)

= Ilex vomitoria f. pendula Foret & Solymosy; Baileya 8: 83 (1960)

= Ilex vomitoria subsp. chiapensis (Sharp) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Ilex vomitoria var. chiapensis Sharp; Bot. Mus. Leafl. 14: 107 (1950)

species :

Ilex vulcanicola Standl.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 477 (1925)

Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama

80 COS PAN

species :

Ilex walkeri Wight & Gardner ex Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 184 (1859)

Distribution: S-India (Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka

40 IND SRL

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex emarginella Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 36(1): 606 (1863)

= Ilex thwaitesii Loes. ex Gamble; Fl. Madras 200 (1918)

= Ilex walkeri var. emarginella (Turcz.) Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 207 (1901)

= Ilex walkeri var. major Thwaites ex Trimen; Handb. Fl. Ceylon 1: 265 (1893)

species :

Ilex warburgii Loes.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 326 (1901)

Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; ?Taiwan; Philippines (Luzon)

38 NNS 42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex benguetensis Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1665 (1913)

species :

Ilex wattii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 322 (1901)

subspecies :

subsp. wattii

Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan); NE-India (Manipur)

36 CHI 40 IND

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex jingdongensis H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 17 (1985) (as "gintungensis")

= Ilex venosa C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 15 (1985)

subspecies :

subsp. marlipoensis (H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li) Yi Yang & H.Peng; Phytotaxa 432(1): 60 (2020)

Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex cupreonitens C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 14 (1985)

= Ilex marlipoensis H.W.Li ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 16 (1985)

species :

Ilex weberlingii Loizeau & Spichiger; Boissiera 48: 264 (1994)

Distribution: Ecuador; Peru

83 ECU PER

species :

Ilex wenchowensis S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(4): 360-361 (1949)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex wenzelii Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 8: 382 (1913)

Distribution: Philippines (Leyte, Mindanao)

42 PHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex epiphytica Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1668 (1913), non King 1895

species :

Ilex wightiana Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 4332 (1831), nomen, ex Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 1216 (1848)

Distribution: S-India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

variant :

var. peninsularis Wall. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 603 (1875)

Distribution: S-India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)

40 IND

species :

Ilex williamsii Standl.; Ceiba 1: 151 (1950)

Distribution: Honduras

80 HON

species :

Ilex wilsonii Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 287 (1908)

Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, NE-Yunnan); Taiwan

36 CHI 38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex memecylifolia var. plana Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 89: 287 (1908)

variant :

var. handel-mazzettii T.R.Dudley; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 6(1): 51-52 (1984)

Distribution: China (SW-Hunan)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex wugongshanensis C.J.Tseng ex S.K.Chen & Y.X.Feng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37(2): 144 (1999)

Distribution: China (Jiangxi)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex wuiana T.R.Dudley; Holly Soc. J. 6(4): 14 (1988), nom. nov.

Distribution: China (Yunnan)

36 CHI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex mamillata C.Y.Wu ex Y.R.Li; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 5(1): 22 (1985) (non Wu ex Tseng (1984))

species :

Ilex wurdackiana Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(1): 332 (1988)

Distribution: Venezuela (Bolívar)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex xiaojinensis Y.Q.Wang & P.Y.Chen; J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 3(1): 31-33, f. 2 (1995)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex yangchunensis C.J.Tseng; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1-2): 24 (1981)

Distribution: China (Guangdong)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex yuiana S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 396 (1951)

Distribution: China (W-Yunnan)

36 CHI

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex yunnanensis Franch.; Pl. Delavay. 2: 128 (1899)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, S-Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex gentilis Franch. ex Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 133 (1901)

= Ilex rockii S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 336-338 (1949)

= Ilex subcoriacea Z.M.Tan; J. Sichuan Univ., Nat. Sci. Ed. 1983(2): 79 (1983)

= Ilex yunnanensis f. gentilis Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 132 (1901)

= Ilex yunnanensis var. brevipedunculata S.Y.Hu; Icon. Pl. Omeiensium 2: pl. 158 (1946)

= Ilex yunnanensis var. eciliata S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 341 (1949)

= Ilex yunnanensis var. gentilis (Loes.) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees 544 (1927)

= Ilex yunnanensis var. paucidentata S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 340 (1949)

variant :

var. parvifolia (Hayata) S.Y.Hu; J. Arnold Arbor. 30(3): 341 (1949)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex parvifolia Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 57 (1911)

species :

Ilex yurumanguinis Cuatrec.; Lloydia 11: 210 (1949)

Distribution: Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Huila, Meta, Nariño, Valle); Venezuela (Merida, Tachira, Yaracuy); Ecuador

80 COS NIC PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU

species :

Ilex yutajensis Wurdack; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 10(4): 3 (1961)

Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)

82 VEN

species :

Ilex zeylanica (Hook.f.) Maxim.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 7, 29(3): 24 (1881)

Distribution: Sri Lanka

40 SRL

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex wightiana Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 183 (1860), nom. illeg.

= Ilex wightiana var. zeylanica Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 1: 603 (1875)

species :

Ilex zhejiangensis C.J.Tseng; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 38(2): 144 (1999)

Distribution: China (Zhejiang)

36 CHI

species :

Ilex zippeliana T.R.Dudley; Hollies, Gen. Ilex 259 (1997), nom. nov.

Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)

42 NWG

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex laurifolia Zipp. ex Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 116 (1901)

= Ilex moluccana R.Kr.Singh, Deroliya & Sanjeet Kumar; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(3): 40 (2024), nom. nov. superfl.

species :

Ilex zygophylla Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 224 (1939)

Distribution: Borneo

42 BOR

Remarks: provisionally accepted name

species :

Ilex ×aquipernyi Gable ex Whittem.; Novon 15(3): 493 (2005)

Distribution: USA (District of Columbia)

78 USA

species :

Ilex ×attenuata Ashe; J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 40: 44 (1924)

Name: Topal holly

Distribution: USA (California, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina)

76 USA 78 USA

Remarks: Ilex cassine x Ilex opaca

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex ×nettletoniana R.H.Ferguson; J. Forest. (Washington) 35: 300 (1937), no Latin descr.

species :

Ilex ×kiusiana Hatus.; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 873 (1936)

Distribution: Japan (Kyushu)

38 JAP

Remarks: Ilex buergeri x I. integra

species :

Ilex ×makinoi H.Hara; J. Jap. Bot. 15: 455 (1939)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu)

38 JAP

Remarks: Ilex leucoclada x I. rugosa

Synonyms: hidden

= Ilex rugosa var. fauriei Loes.; Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 421 (1901)

= Ilex ×fauriei (Loes.) Makino; J. Jap. Bot. 5: 14 (1928)

= Ilex ×fauriei f. ovata Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 264 (1936)

= Ilex ×fauriei var. laevis Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 264 (1936)

= Ilex ×fauriei var. rugosa Tatew.; Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 264 (1936)

species :

Ilex ×owariensis Hatus. & M.Kobay.; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 44(1-2): 85 (1996)

Distribution: Japan

38 JAP

Remarks: Ilex integra x latifolia

species :

Ilex ×wandoensis C.F.Mill. & M.Kim; Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 32(3): 294 (2002)

Distribution: South Korea

38 KOR

Remarks: Ilex cornuta x I. integra

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
**in total 1,419,285* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Contact

How to Cite:

Realization

Search

+ Family

Filter

Order

Family (3)

Genus (1)

Display options

A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,in total 1,419,285* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
**in total 1,419,285* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]