065.0000 Family Cupressaceae Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 222 (1822), nom. cons.

ca. 30 genera, ca. 160 spp. Phylogeny see Yang et al. (2012)

Species listed in database: 174; hybrids: 12

065.6009 Genus Juniperus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1038 (1753)

Distribution: temperate-subtropical. Systematics and species list taken from Gymnosperm Database (Earle, 2026). The molecular analyses show that there are more cryptic species than formerly believed.

Species listed in database: 71; hybrids: 7

species :

Juniperus angosturana R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22(7): 704 (1994), nom. nov.

Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus monosperma var. gracilis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 109-114 (1946)

= Sabina angosturana (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

species :

Juniperus arizonica (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 306 (2006)

Name: Redberry juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, SW-New Mexico); Mexico (NE-Sonora)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus coahuilensis subsp. arizonica (R.P.Adams) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 6 (2006)

= Juniperus coahuilensis var. arizonica R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 22(7): 708 (1994)

= Sabina arizonica (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

species :

Juniperus ashei J.Buchholz; Bot. Gaz. 90: 329 (1930)

Name: Ashe´s juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas)

74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus occidentalis var. conjungens Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 590 (1877)

= Juniperus occidentalis var. texana Vasey; Dept. Rep. Dept. Agric. (Washington, DC) 1875: 185 (1876)

= Juniperus sabinoides Sarg.; Silva N. Amer. 10: 91 (1896), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus tetragona var. oligosperma Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 591 (1877)

= Sabina ashei (J.Buchholz) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

variant :

var. ovata R.P.Adams; Phytologia 89(1): 17 (2007)

Distribution: USA (W-Texas); Mexico (N-Coahuila)

77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus ovata (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 95(2): 175 (2013)

species :

Juniperus barbadensis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

Distribution: St. Lucia

81 STL

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus virginiana unranked humilis Lodd. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2.: 46 (1867)

= Juniperus virginiana var. barbadensis (L.) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum: 114 (1858)

= Sabina barbadensis (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 33 (1903)

variant :

var. lucayana (Britton) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 25 (2000)

Name: West Indian red cedar (Bahamas)

Distribution: Bahamas (Cat Isl., Eleuthera / New Providence, Andros Isl., Grand Bahama / Abaco Isl.); Cuba (Sa. de Nipe, Isla de la Juventud); Jamaica (St. Andrew Parish); +Hispaniola (+Haiti)

81 BAH CUB HIS JAM

Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba)

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus australis (Endl.) Pilg.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 479 (1913)

= Juniperus barbadensis subsp. australis (Endl.) J.L.Gómez & García-Beltrán; Cat. Plantas de Cuba 370 (2024)

= Juniperus barbadensis subsp. lucayana (Britton) Greuter & R.Rankin; Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 43: 122 (2022)

= Juniperus barbadensis var. jamaicensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 24 (2000)

= Juniperus gracilior var. lucayana (Britton) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 78(2): 145 (1995)

= Juniperus lucayana Britton; N. Amer. Trees [Britton & Shafer] 121 (1908)

= Juniperus virginiana var. australis Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 28 (1847)

= Sabina virginiana var. australis (Endl.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 62 (1857)

species :

Juniperus bermudiana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

Name: Bermuda Cedar (EN)

Distribution: St. Helena [I]; Ascension Isl. [I]; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; India [I]; Bermuda

28 asc sth 29 mau reu 40 ind 81 BER

Conservation Status: IUCN E. Very rare in the native area, almost eliminated by introduced insects

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus nepalensis Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2499 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus oppositifolia Moench; Methodus [Moench] 699 (1794)

= Juniperus pyramidalis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Juniperus virginiana var. bermudiana (L.) Vasey; Dept. Rep. Dept. Agric. (Washington, DC) 1875: 185 (1876)

= Sabina bermudiana (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 65, t. 87 (1857)

species :

Juniperus blancoi Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 73 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, México State, Michoacán, Tlaxcala)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN I

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina blancoi (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

variant :

var. huehuentensis R.P.Adams, S.González & M.González; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 34(3): 207 (209-211) (2006)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango)

79 MEX

variant :

var. mucronata (R.P.Adams) Farjon; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Conifers ed. 2, 60 (2001)

Distribution: Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus mucronata R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28(2): 158 (2000)

= Sabina mucronata (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus brevifolia (Seub.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 16. tt. 20-22 (1857)

subspecies :

subsp. brevifolia

Name: Azoren-Wacholder (DE), Azores juniper (EN)

Distribution: Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.)

21 AZO

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. brevifolia Seub.; Fl. Azor. [Seubert] 26 (1844)

= Juniperus rufescens var. brevifolia (Seub.) Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 11 (1847)

variant :

var. montana R.B.Elias & E.Días; Phytotaxa 188(5): 249 (2014)

Distribution: Azores (higher elevations)

21 AZO

subspecies :

subsp. maritima R.B.Elias & E.Días; Phytotaxa 188(5): 248 (2014)

Distribution: Azores (Terceira, Sao Jorge, Pico, Flores Isl.)

21 AZO

species :

Juniperus californica Carrière; Rev. Hort. (Paris), Sér. 4, 3: 352 (1854)

Name: California juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Nevada); Mexico (Baja California Norte); +Isla Guadalupe

76 USA 79 GLP MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus californica f. lutheyana J.T.Howell & Twisselm.; Four Seasons 2(4): 16 (1968)

= Juniperus cedrosiana Kellogg; Hesperian (San Francisco) 4: 3 (1860)

= Juniperus cerrosianus Kellogg; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 37 (1860), sphalm.

= Juniperus pyriformis A.Murray bis; Gard. Chron. 1855: 420 (1855)

= Sabina californica (Carrière) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 52, t. 72 (1857)

species :

Juniperus canariensis Guyot & Mathou; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 3: Art. 20, 7 (1942)

Name: Canary Islands juniper (EN); Kanaren-Wacholder (DE); Sabina canaria (ES)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Canary Isl. (Hierro, La Palma, Gomera, Tenerife, Gran Canaria)

21 CNY MDR

Remarks: oxycedrus agg. Separation from J. phoenicea fide many newer papers, latest Boratynski et al. 2024

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus phoenicea subsp. canariensis (Guyot & Mathou) D.Pav., Véla & Médail; Ecol. Medit. 46(2): 93 (2021), isonym

= Juniperus phoenicea subsp. canariensis (Guyot & Mathou) Romo, Mazur, Salvà-Catarineu & Borat.; Phytotaxa 406(1): 66 (2019)

= Juniperus turbinata subsp. canariensis (Guyot & Mathou) Rivas Mart., Wildpret & P.Pérez; Itinera Geobot. 7: 511 (1993)

species :

Juniperus cedrus Webb & Berthel.; Hist. Nat. Îles Canaries (Phytogr.) 3: 277 t. 2. ff. 1-3 (1848)

subspecies :

subsp. cedrus

Name: Cedro canario (ES); Zedern-Wacholder (DE)

Distribution: Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma)

21 CNY

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus canariensis Knight ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 114 (1858), nom. inval.

= Juniperus cedrus f. fastigiata R.M.S.Vieira; Bol. Mus. Munic. Funchal 49: 143 (1997)

= Juniperus grandifolius Link; Phys. Beschr. Canar. Ins. [Buch] 159 (1828), nom. inval.

= Juniperus oxycedrus Hochst.; Fl. Azor. [Seubert] 26 (1844) non L.

= Juniperus webbii Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 13 (1855)

subspecies :

subsp. maderensis (Menezes) Rivas Mart., Capelo, J.C.Costa, Lousã, Fontinha, R.Jardim & M.Seq.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 703 (2002)

Distribution: Madeira (Madeira Isl.)

21 MDR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus maderensis (Menezes) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 92(1): 53 (2010)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. maderensis Menezes; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 18(227-228): xii (1908)

= Juniperus cedrus f. fastigiata R.M.S.Vieira; Bol. Mus. Munic. Funchal 49: 143 (1997)

species :

Juniperus chinensis L.; Mant. Pl. 1: 127 (1767)

Name: Chinese juniper (EN)

Distribution: England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hebei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea (Ulleung Isl.); Japan; Taiwan; Myanmar [I]; Java [I]; Guam [I]; Bolivia [c]

10 grb ire 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO TAI 41 mya 42 jaw 62 gum 83 bol

Remarks: chinensis agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus barbadensis Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 264 (1784)

= Juniperus cabiancae Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 6: 246 (1856)

= Juniperus cernua Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 73 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 839 (1832)

= Juniperus chinensis unranked albovariegata A.H.Kent; Man. Conif., ed. 2 [Veitch] 288 (1881)

= Juniperus chinensis unranked columnaris F.N.Meijer; Invent. Seeds U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. 9: 22 (1920)

= Juniperus chinensis unranked pyramidalis Slavin; Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S. [Chittenden] 102 (1932), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus chinensis f. aurea (M.Young) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 120 (1887)

= Juniperus chinensis f. aurea Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers: 63 (1923), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus chinensis f. aurea-pendula Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 120 (1891)

= Juniperus chinensis f. aureoglobosa (Rehder) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 60 (1949)

= Juniperus chinensis f. glauca Slavin; Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S. [Chittenden] 103 (1932)

= Juniperus chinensis f. globosa (Hornibr.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 60 (1949)

= Juniperus chinensis f. keteleeri (Beissn.) Schelle; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 29: 40 (1920)

= Juniperus chinensis f. mas (Gordon & Glend.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 60 (1949)

= Juniperus chinensis f. pendula (Franch.) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 17 (1887)

= Juniperus chinensis f. plumosa (Hornibr.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 61 (1949)

= Juniperus chinensis f. procumbens-albovariegata Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 121 (1891)

= Juniperus chinensis f. procumbens-aurea Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 121 (1891)

= Juniperus chinensis f. procumbens-aureovariegata Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 121 (1891)

= Juniperus chinensis f. pyramidalis (Carrière) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 17 (1887)

= Juniperus chinensis f. variegata (Maxwell) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 60 (1949)

= Juniperus chinensis var. aurea M.Young; Gard. Chron. 1872: 8 (1872)

= Juniperus chinensis var. aureoglobosa Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 195 (1923)

= Juniperus chinensis var. corneyanus (Antoine) Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 117 (1858)

= Juniperus chinensis var. foemina Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 289 (1877)

= Juniperus chinensis var. gaussenii (W.C.Cheng) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 32 (1990)

= Juniperus chinensis var. glauca (Slavin) L.H.Bailey; Cult. Conif. [Bailey] 196 (1933)

= Juniperus chinensis var. globosa Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 62 (1923)

= Juniperus chinensis var. horizontalis Nakai; Corean Timber Trees 1: 136 (1926)

= Juniperus chinensis var. jacobiana Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L. Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 114: 26 (1870)

= Juniperus chinensis var. japonica Siebold; Jaarb. Kon. Ned. Maatsch. Aanm. Tuinb. 1844: 31 (1844)

= Juniperus chinensis var. keteleeri Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1910: 140 (1910)

= Juniperus chinensis var. leeana Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 290 (1877)

= Juniperus chinensis var. mas Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 116 (1858)

= Juniperus chinensis var. mascula Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 289 (1877)

= Juniperus chinensis var. pendula Franch.; Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 7: 101 (1884)

= Juniperus chinensis var. plumosa Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 66 (1923)

= Juniperus chinensis var. sheppardii (A.H.Kent) Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers: 62 (1923)

= Juniperus chinensis var. smithii Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2505 (1838)

= Juniperus chinensis var. torulosa Eastw.; Bay Cities Gard. Monthly 2(4): 3, 7 (1933)

= Juniperus chinensis var. variegata Maxwell; Hort. & J. Rural Art Rural Taste 29: 202 (1874)

= Juniperus dimorpha Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 78 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 3: 889 (1832)

= Juniperus erectopatens (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 27(7): 723 (1999)

= Juniperus excelsa Webb ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 488 (1868), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus flagelliformis Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1090 (1842)

= Juniperus foemina Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 289 (1877), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus fortunei Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2.: 32 (1867), pro syn.

= Juniperus fortunei Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 11 (1855)

= Juniperus gaussenii W.C.Cheng; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 1, sect. 3: Art. 8, 3 (1940)

= Juniperus jacobi Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 120 (1891)

= Juniperus japonica var. pyramidalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 32 (1867)

= Juniperus japonica var. variegata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 31 (1867)

= Juniperus keteleeri (Beissn.) Prop.-Giesel.; Biblioth. Bot. 114(2): 34 (1936)

= Juniperus leeana Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 290 (1877)

= Juniperus mascula Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 289 (1877)

= Juniperus neaboriensis A.H.Kent; Man. Conif., ed. 2 [Veitch] 277 (1881), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus nepalensis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 21 (1847)

= Juniperus procumbens (Siebold) Miq.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 59 (1870)

= Juniperus reevesiana Endl.; Syn. Conif. 31 (1847)

= Juniperus sabina var. erectopatens (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 444 (1998)

= Juniperus shepherdii Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 122 (1891)

= Juniperus sheppardii (A.H.Kent) Melle; Phytologia 2: 187 (1946), cum descr. lat.

= Juniperus sheppardii f. albonotata Melle; Phytologia 2: 188 (1946)

= Juniperus sheppardii f. aureovariegata Melle; Phytologia 2: 188 (1946)

= Juniperus sheppardii f. variegata (Carrière) Melle; Rev. Junip. Chin.: 28, 81 (1947)

= Juniperus sheppardii Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 426 (1862), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus sheppardii var. pyramidalis (Carrière) Melle; Phytologia 2: 188 (1946)

= Juniperus sheppardii var. torulosa (Eastw.) Melle; Phytologia 2: 188 (1946)

= Juniperus sinensis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 33 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus sinensis J.F.Gmel.; Syst. Nat., ed. 13bis: 2(2): 1005 (1792), orth. var.

= Juniperus sphaerica f. columnaris (F.N.Meijer) Melle; Phytologia 2: 186 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica Lindl.; Paxton´s Fl. Gard. 1: 58, f. 35 (1850 publ. 1851)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. dioica Melle; Phytologia 2: 186 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. keteleeri (Beissn.) Melle; Phytologia 2: 187 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. luptonii Melle; Rev. Junip. Chin. 27, 69 (1947)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. neaboriensis (A.H.Kent) Melle; Phytologia 2: 186 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. pendula (Franch.) Melle; Phytologia 2: 186 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. pseudomas Melle; Phytologia 2: 185 (1946)

= Juniperus sphaerica var. sheppardii A.H.Kent; Man. Conif. [Veitch] 290 (1881)

= Juniperus struthiacea Knight; Syn. Conif. 13 (1847)

= Juniperus thunbergii Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 271 (1838)

= Juniperus virginiana var. keteleeri (Beissn.) Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [L.H.Bailey]: 205 (1923)

= Juniperus virginica Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 264 (1784)

= Juniperus ×media f. albovariegata Melle; Phytologia 2: 192 (1946)

= Juniperus ×media f. aurata Melle; Phytologia 2: 192 (1946), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus ×media f. aureoglobosa (Rehder) Melle; Phytologia 2: 191 (1946)

= Juniperus ×media f. aureovariegata Melle; Phytologia 2: 192 (1946), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Juniperus ×media var. globosa (Hornibr.) Melle; Phytologia 2: 191 (1946)

= Juniperus ×media var. plumosa (Hornibr.) Melle; Phytologia 2: 191 (1946)

= Sabina cabiancae (Vis.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 41, t. 54 (1857)

= Sabina chinensis (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 54 (1857)

= Sabina chinensis f. albovariegata Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 26 (1938)

= Sabina chinensis f. aurea (M.Young) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees of China 1: 254 (1961)

= Sabina chinensis f. aureoglobosa W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees of China 1: 254 (1961)

= Sabina chinensis f. pendula (Franch.) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees of China 1: 254 (1961)

= Sabina chinensis f. pyramidalis (Carrière) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees of China 1: 254 (1961)

= Sabina chinensis var. horizontalis (Nakai) Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 27 (1938)

= Sabina chinensis var. kaizuca W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees China [W.J.Zheng et al.] 1: 253 (1961)

= Sabina corneyana Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt.: 54 (1857)

= Sabina dimorpha (Roxb.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 70 (1857)

= Sabina erectopatens (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina gaussenii (W.C.Cheng) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees China [W.J.Zheng et al.] 1: p. ? (1961)

= Sabina sphaerica (Lindl.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 52, t. 72 (1857)

= Sabina struthiacea (Knight) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 66, t. 69 (1857)

= Sabina vulgaris var. erectopatens W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 86 (1975)

variant :

var. sargentii A.Henry; Trees Great Britain [Elwes & Henry] 6: 1432 (1912)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan

31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis subsp. sargentii (A.Henry) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 6 (2006)

= Juniperus procumbens Sarg.; Forest Fl. Japan: 78 (1894), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus sargentii (A.Henry) Takeda ex Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 511 (1930)

= Juniperus sargentii var. coeruleum Pshenn.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 181: 117 (2001), nom. inval.

= Juniperus sargentii var. cyanus Pshenn.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 181: 117 (2001), nom. inval.

= Sabina chinensis var. sargentii (A.Henry) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 363 (1978)

= Sabina pacifica Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 31 (1938)

= Sabina sargentii (A.Henry) Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 158 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. 1) 6 (1938), nomen, et in Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 163 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. 2) 32, descr.

species :

Juniperus coahuilensis (Martínez) Gaussen ex R.P.Adams; Phytologia 74(5): 413 (1993)

Name: Redberry juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Sonora, Zacatecas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus coahuilensis (Martínez) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 13: 101, in clavi, 154 (1968) (sine relat. loc.)

= Juniperus erythrocarpa var. coahuilensis Martinez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 114, fig. 95-97 (1946)

= Sabina coahuilensis (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

species :

Juniperus comitana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 15: 12 (1944)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina comitana (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

species :

Juniperus communis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1040 (1753)

Name: Juniper (EN), Genèvrier (FR), Wacholder (DE)

Distribution: Iceland; Faeroe Isl.; England (England, Wales, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Shetland Isl., Isle of Man); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, +Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Malta; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (mountains); European Turkey; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; European Russia (W-European Russia, C-European Russia, E-European Russia, N-European Russia); Ukraine; Crimea; Siberia (W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, NW-Siberia, SW-Siberia, Altay-Yenisei region [c], S-Yakutia, Baikal region); Kazakhstan; Turkey (N-Anatolia); Iran; Myanmar [I]; Argentina [I]

10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ 34 IRN TUR 41 mya 85 arg

Remarks: the status of the various varieties is frequently disputed, with numerous intergrades between them. So the listed synonymies are only very tentative

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus albanica Pénzes; Bot. Közlem. 57: 49 (1970)

= Juniperus argaea Balansa ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2.2): 480 (1868), nom. inval.

= Juniperus borealis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Juniperus caucasica Fisch. ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 98 (1858), nom. inval.

= Juniperus communis lusus coronata (Sanio) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 91 (1907)

= Juniperus communis f. adpressa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 47: 13 (1921)

= Juniperus communis f. alopecuroides Laest. ex Wittr.; Skand. Gymnospermer: 33 (1887)

= Juniperus communis f. arborescens Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 6B(46B): 293 (1906)

= Juniperus communis f. aurea (G.Nicholson) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 57 (1949)

= Juniperus communis f. aureovariegata Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 138 (1891)

= Juniperus communis f. brevifolia Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 47: 13 (1921), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis f. compressa (Carrière) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 57 (1949)

= Juniperus communis f. crispa Browicz & Ziel.; Arbor. Kórnickie 19: 42 (1974)

= Juniperus communis f. densa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 47: 12 (1921)

= Juniperus communis f. globosa (Medw.) A.D.Smirnova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4(15-16): 121 (1923)

= Juniperus communis f. intermedia Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 47: 13 (1921), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis f. laxa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 47: 12 (1921)

= Juniperus communis f. longifolia Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 47: 13 (1921)

= Juniperus communis f. oblonga-pendula (Loudon) Beissn.; Einheitl. Conif.-Ben.: 19 (1887)

= Juniperus communis f. ovata (Medw.) A.D.Smirnova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4(15-16): 121 (1923)

= Juniperus communis f. pendula (Carrière) Formánek; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 38: 244 (1888)

= Juniperus communis f. pendulina Kuphaldt; Gartenflora 86: 27 (1937)

= Juniperus communis f. pungens Velen.; Reliq. Mrkvičkanae [Velenovský] 28 (1922)

= Juniperus communis f. stricta (Carrière) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 57 (1949)

= Juniperus communis f. suecica (Mill.) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 18 (1887)

= Juniperus communis f. suecica (Mill.) Lindm.; Sv. Fanerogamfl. 37 (1926), isonym

= Juniperus communis f. tenuifolia A.D.Smirnova; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4(15-16): 122 (1923)

= Juniperus communis f. tigerstedtii Schwer.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 36: 185 (1926)

= Juniperus communis f. viminalis Sylvén; Skand. Fl. [Holmberg] 1: 68 (1922)

= Juniperus communis subsp. brevifolia (Sanio) Pénzes; Bot. Közlem. 57: 49 (1970)

= Juniperus communis subsp. cupressiformis Vict. & Sennen ex Pénzes; Bot. Közlem. 57: 49 (1970)

= Juniperus communis subsp. montana Čelak.; Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 17 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis subsp. pannonica Pénzes; Bot. Közlem. 57: 48 (1970)

= Juniperus communis var. alpina Chaix; Pl. Vapinc. 70 (1785)

= Juniperus communis var. arborescens Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 6: 301 (1830)

= Juniperus communis var. aurea G.Nicholson; Ill. Dict. Gard., Cent. Suppl. 455 (1900)

= Juniperus communis var. brevifolia Sanio; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 1: 91 (1907)

= Juniperus communis var. compressa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 22 (1855)

= Juniperus communis var. coronata Sanio; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 51 (1883)

= Juniperus communis var. elongata Sanio; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 51 (1883)

= Juniperus communis var. erecta Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 646 (1813)

= Juniperus communis var. erythrocarpa Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 9 (1827), nom. inval.

= Juniperus communis var. fastigiata Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 479 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. hispanica Endl.; Syn. Conif. 15 (1847)

= Juniperus communis var. latifolia Sanio; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 51 (1883)

= Juniperus communis var. montana Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr.: 227 (1859), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis var. oblonga Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2490 (1838)

= Juniperus communis var. oblonga-pendula Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2490 (1838)

= Juniperus communis var. pannonica (Pénzes) Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16(3-4): 365 (1971), nom. inval.

= Juniperus communis var. pendens Sudw.; Bull. Div. Forest. U.S.D.A. 14: 101 (1897)

= Juniperus communis var. pendula Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 23 (1855)

= Juniperus communis var. pendula-aurea Sénécl.; Conifer. Monogr. 84 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. recta Browicz & Ziel.; Arbor. Kórnickie 19: 41 (1974) (without type)

= Juniperus communis var. reflexa Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 479 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. stricta Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 22 (1855)

= Juniperus communis var. suecica (Mill.) Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 414 (1789)

= Juniperus communis var. variegata-aurea Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 19 (1867)

= Juniperus compressa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 22 (1855)

= Juniperus cracovia K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 115 (1873)

= Juniperus dealbata Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1090 (1842)

= Juniperus difformis Gilib.; Exerc. Phyt. 2: 416 (1792), opus utique oppr.

= Juniperus duplicata Göpp.; Index Sem. (Breslau) 1871: 4 (1873)

= Juniperus echinoformis Rinz ex Bolse; Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 11: 284 (1868)

= Juniperus elliptica K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 118 (1873)

= Juniperus fastigiata Knight; Syn. Conif. 11 (1847)

= Juniperus foetidissima Endl.; Syn. Conif. 30 (1847), non Willd.

= Juniperus hibernica Lodd. ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2490 (1838)

= Juniperus hispanica Booth ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 15 (1847)

= Juniperus interrupta H.Wendl. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 16 (1847)

= Juniperus kanitzii Csató; Magyar Növényt. Lapok 10: 145 (1886)

= Juniperus niemannii E.L.Wolf; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 3: 37 (1922)

= Juniperus oblongopendula (Loudon) C.Van Geert ex K.Koch; Wochenschr. Vereines Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 6: 120 (1863)

= Juniperus oblongopendula Loudon ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 137 (1891)

= Juniperus occidentalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 54 (1855)

= Juniperus reflexa Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 98 (1858)

= Juniperus saxatilis Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 200 (1850)

= Juniperus suecica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)

= Juniperus taurica Fox-Strangw. ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 100 (1858)

= Juniperus taurica Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 200 (1850)

= Juniperus uralensis Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 138 (1891)

= Juniperus withmanniana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 18 (1867)

= Juniperus wittmanniana Steven ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2,2): 479 (1868)

= Sabina dealbata (Loudon) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 68 (1857)

= Thuiaecarpus juniperinus Trautv.; Pl. Imag. Descr. Fl. Russ. 11, t. 6 (1844)

variant :

var. charlottensis R.P.Adams; Phytologia 90(2): 192 (-193; maps) (2008)

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (British Columbia: Vancouver Isl.)

70 ASK 71 CDN

variant :

var. depressa Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 646 (1813)

Name: Common juniper (EN)

Distribution: Alaska; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus canadensis Burgsd.; Anleit. Erzieh. Holzart. 2: 124 (1787), nomen

= Juniperus communis subsp. depressa (Pursh) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982), isonym

= Juniperus communis subsp. depressa (Pursh) Franco; Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 36: 117 (1962)

= Juniperus communis var. canadensis Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2490 (1838)

= Juniperus depressa (Pursh) Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 13 (1830), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus depressa Raf.; Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 207 (1818)

= Sabina multiova Goodwyn; Amer. Bot. (Binghamton) 37: 152 (1931)

variant :

var. hemisphaerica (C.Presl) Parl.; Fl. Ital. [Parlatore] 4: 83 (1868)

Distribution: SW-England; Portugal; Spain; Italy; Sicily; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread in mainland mountains); European Russia; Crimea; Morocco; Algeria; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Svaneti, Guria, Adzharia, Javakheti); Armenia; Azerbaijan

10 GRB 12 POR SPA 13 BUL GRC ITA NMA SIC 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG MOR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica (C.Presl) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 3: 676 (1881)

= Juniperus hemisphaerica C.Presl; Delic. Prag. 142 (1822)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. hemisphaerica (C.Presl) Em.Schmid; Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 78: 237 (1933)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. hemisphaerica (C.Presl) Em.Schmid ex Atzei & V.Picci; Arch. Bot. Biogeogr. Ital. 49(1-2): 4 (1972 publ. 1973), nom. inval.

variant :

var. intermedia (Schur) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 676 (1881) [nothovar.]

Distribution: England; Ireland; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Germany; Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Spain; France; Italy; Croatia; Slovenia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Kosovo; Serbia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece; Romania; N-European Russia; W-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Turkey; Iran

10 FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT ROM SLV SRB 14 KRY RUS UKR 33 GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR

Remarks: Juniperus communis var. communis x J. communis var. saxatilis

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis nothosubsp. guadarramica Rivas Mart.; Itin. Geobot. 15: 703 (2002), nom. inval.

= Juniperus communis nothovar. castellana Sennen & Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 229: 466 (1908)

= Juniperus communis nothovar. depressa Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 707 (1884), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis f. intermedia (Schur) Sanio; Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 1: 51 (1883)

= Juniperus communis f. pygmaea (K.Koch) R.P.Adams & Tashev; Phytologia 96(2): 128 (2014)

= Juniperus communis subsp. intermedia (Schur) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 6 (1890), isonym

= Juniperus communis subsp. intermedia (Schur) Simonk.; Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 597 (1887)

= Juniperus communis subsp. pygmaea (K.Koch) Imkhan.; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 27: 10 (1990)

= Juniperus depressa Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(1): 398 (1857), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus intermedia Schur; Verh. Mitth. Siebenbürg. Vereins Naturwiss. Hermannstadt 2: 169 (1851)

= Juniperus nana var. intermedia (Schur) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; Fl. Centralkarpath. [Sagorski & Gus.Schneider] 570 (1891)

= Juniperus pygmaea K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 302 (1849)

variant :

var. kelleyi R.P.Adams; Phytologia 95(3): 210, figs. 2-3 (2013)

Distribution: USA (Idaho: Blaine Co.)

73 USA

variant :

var. megistocarpa Fernald & H.St.John; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 58 (1921)

Distribution: Canada (Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Québec)

72 CDN

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis subsp. megistocarpa (Fernald & H.St.John) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 7 (2006)

variant :

var. nipponica (Maxim.) E.H.Wilson; Conif. Taxads Japan 81 (1916)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Kuril Isl., Sakhalin); Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu)

31 RFE 38 JAP

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis subsp. nipponica (Maxim.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13: 7 (2006), nom. inval.

= Juniperus communis var. hondoensis Satake; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 20(1): 43-47 (1962), nom. dub.

= Juniperus nipponica Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 12: 230 (1868)

= Juniperus rebunensis Kudô & Sasaki; Medic. Pl. Hokkaido 6 (1922)

= Juniperus rigida subsp. nipponica (Maxim.) Franco; Bol. Soc. Brot., Sér. 2, 36: 119 (1962)

variant :

var. saxatilis Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1(2): 12, t. 4 (1789)

Name: Zwerg-Wacholder (DE), Creeping Juniper (EN)

Distribution: England (NW-England, N-Wales, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl.); Ireland (NW-Ireland, Northern Ireland); Germany (Bayern); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered in mainland mountains); Siberia (W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, NW-Siberia, SW-Siberia, Altay-Yenisei region, S-Yakutia, Baikal region, N-Yakutia); Russian Far East (Upper Amur, Russian Manchuria/Primorye, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Okhotsk / Magadan, Chukotka); Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkey (Anatolia except SE); Iran; Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang); Tibet; Mongolia; North Korea; Nepal

10 GRB IRE 11 CZE GER LIE SLO SWI 12 ADO COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA SLV SRB 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI TIB 37 MON 38 NKO 40 NEP

Remarks: records for North America and Greenland refer to other varieties fide molecular analyses and Gymnosperm database

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus alpina Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 157 (1855), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus alpina Gray; Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 226 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus alpina Hill; Brit. Herb. [Hill] 511 (1756), opus utique oppr.

= Juniperus alpina Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauphiné [Villars] 1: 288, 302 (1786), nomen, & Hist. Pl. Dauph. 3: 811 (1789), pro syn.

= Juniperus caesia Regel; Gartenflora 6: 346 (1857), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis f. aureospica (Rehder) O.L.Lipa; Dendrofl. URSR 1: 168 (1939)

= Juniperus communis subsp. alpina (Suter) Čelak.; Arch. Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Böhmen 1(3) (Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 1): 17 (1867)

= Juniperus communis subsp. nana (Baumg.) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 8: 275 (1868)

= Juniperus communis subsp. oblonga (M.Bieb.) Galushko; Trudy Sektora Rast. Res. Komit. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 2-3: 165 (1950), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis subsp. saxatilis (Pall.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus communis subsp. sibirica (Burgsd.) Syme; Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 8: 275 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. alpina Clus. ex Neilr.; Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 227 (1858), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis var. alpina Suter; Fl. Helv. 292 (1802), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis var. arborea Suter; Helvet. Fl. 2: 292 (1802)

= Juniperus communis var. aureospica Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 199 (1923)

= Juniperus communis var. caucasica Endl.; Syn. Conif. 16 (1847)

= Juniperus communis var. kamchatkensis R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94: 294 (2012)

= Juniperus communis var. montana Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 3: 414 (1789)

= Juniperus communis var. nana (Willd.) Baumg.; Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 2: 308 (1816)

= Juniperus communis var. nana Dumort.; Fl. Belg. [Dumortier] 9 (1827), nom. inval.

= Juniperus communis var. nana J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 203 (1839), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis var. nana Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2489 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus communis var. oblonga (M.Bieb.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 479 (1868)

= Juniperus communis var. sibirica (Burgsd.) Rydb.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 533 (1896)

= Juniperus hartwissiana Sperk; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. 13(6): 81 (1869)

= Juniperus hartwissiana Steven ex Köppen; Ueb. Pfl. Acclimat. in Russl.: 6 (1856)

= Juniperus montana (Aiton) Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 200 (1850)

= Juniperus nana var. alpina (Gaudin) Hausm.; Fl. Tirol [Hausmann] 2: 805 (1852), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus nana var. alpina (Suter) Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 14 (1847)

= Juniperus nana var. montana (Aiton) Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 14 (1847)

= Juniperus nana var. montana (Aiton) Hausm.; Fl. Tirol [Hausmann] 2: 806 (1852), isonym

= Juniperus nana Willd.; Berlin. Baumz. 159 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Juniperus oblonga M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 426 (1808)

= Juniperus sibirica Burgsd.; Anl. Erzieh. Holzart. 124 (1787)

= Juniperus sibirica var. montana (Aiton) Beck; Blätt. Vereins Landesk. Nieder-Österreich 1890: 78 (1890)

species :

Juniperus convallium Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 62 (1914)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, SE-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus convallium f. pendula (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 396 (2012)

= Juniperus mekongensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

= Juniperus przewalskii f. pendula (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) R.P.Adams & G.L.Chu; J. Essential Oil Res. 6: 17 (1994)

= Juniperus przewalskii subsp. pendula (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba, J.Int.Conifer Preserv.Soc.13(1): 14 (2006)

= Juniperus ramulosa Florin; Acta Horti Gothob. 3: 5 (1927)

= Sabina convallium (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 372 (1978)

= Sabina mekongensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

= Sabina przewalskii f. pendula W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 86 (1975)

variant :

var. microsperma (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 33 (1984)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus microsperma (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28(6): 540 (2000)

= Sabina convallium var. microsperma W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 86 (1975)

= Sabina microsperma (W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Xizang. 1: 390 (1983)

species :

Juniperus coxii A.B.Jacks.; New Fl. & Silva 5: 33 (1932)

Distribution: China (Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus recurva var. coxii (A.B.Jacks.) Melville; Kew Bull. 13: 533 (1959)

= Sabina coxii (A.B.Jacks.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

= Sabina recurva var. coxii (A.B.Jacks.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 352 (1978)

species :

Juniperus davurica Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 1(2): 13, t. 55 (1789)

Distribution: Siberia (SW-Siberia [c], S-Yakutia, Baikal region, N-Yakutia); Russian Far East (Upper Amur, Russian Manchuria/Primorye, Sakhalin); China (Heilongjiang); N-Mongolia; North Korea

30 SIB 31 RFE 36 CHI 37 MON 38 NKO

Remarks: sabina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis var. expansa-variegata Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers, ed. 2: 94 (1938)

= Juniperus chinensis var. parsonsii Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers, ed. 2: 96 (1939)

= Juniperus davurica f. variegata Melle; Phytologia 2: 193 (1946)

= Juniperus davurica subsp. argunensis Galanin; Fl. Daurii 1: 70 (2008), nom. inval.

= Juniperus davurica subsp. maritima Urusov; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 122: 55 (1981)

= Juniperus davurica var. glaucoviridis Pshenn., Byull.Glavn.Bot.Sada 181: 116 (2001), nom.inval.

= Juniperus davurica var. maritima (Urusov) Kozhevnikova; Fl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 42 (2006)

= Juniperus davurica var. oblonga Pshenn.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 181: 115 (2001 publ. 2000), nom. inval.

= Juniperus davurica var. parsonsii (Hornibr.) Melle; Phytologia 2: 192 (1946)

= Juniperus foetida var. davurica (Pall.) Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 16: 296 (1841)

= Juniperus sabina var. davurica (Pall.) Farjon; World Checkl. & Bibliogr. Conifers ed. 2, 73 (2001)

= Juniperus squamata var. albovariegata L.H.Bailey; Hortus Second.: 400 (1941)

= Juniperus squamata var. parsonsii (Hornibr.) L.H.Bailey; Hortus Second.: 400 (1941)

= Juniperus squamata var. variegata L.H.Bailey; Hortus Second.: 400 (1941), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Sabina davurica (Pall.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 56, t. 77 (1857)

species :

Juniperus deltoides R.P.Adams; Phytologia 86(2): 47 (2004)

Distribution: Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; Greece (widespread); Crete; Bulgaria; Romania; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Cyprus; Eastern Aegaean Isl.; Turkey; Iran; Iraq; Syria; Lebanon; Israel; Jordania

13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC KRI ROM 14 KRY 33 GEO NCS 34 CYP IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.; a valid species fide molecular analyses, not closely related to J. macrocarpa. The distribution of both have frequently been confused.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deltoides f. yaltirikiana (Avci & Ziel.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 93(3): 298 (2011)

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. yaltirikiana Avci & Ziel.; Phytol. Balcan. 14(1): 38 (2008)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. deltoides (R.P.Adams) N.G.Passal.; Inform. Bot. Ital. 41(1): 141 (2009)

variant :

var. spilinanus (Yalt., Eliçin & Terzioğlu) Terzioğlu; Phytologia 92(2): 161 (2010)

Distribution: Turkey

34 TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. spilinanus Yalt., Eliçin & Terzioğlu; Turk. J. Bot. 31(1): 38 (2007)

species :

Juniperus deppeana Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 835 (1840)

Name: Alligator juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana f. elongata R.Adams; Phytologia 87(2): 101 (2005)

= Juniperus deppeana f. sperryi (Correll) R.P.Adams; Brittonia 25(3): 289 (1973)

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. pachyphlaea (Torr.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 8 (2006)

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. sperryi (Correll) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

= Juniperus deppeana var. pachyphlaea (Torr.) Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 53 (1946)

= Juniperus deppeana var. sperryi Correll; Wrightia 3: 188 (1966)

= Juniperus foetida Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 314 (1841)

= Juniperus foetida var. multicaulis Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 16: 295 (1841)

= Juniperus gigantea Roezl; Cat. Grain. Conif. Mexic. 8 (1857)

= Juniperus mexicana Schiede & Deppe; Linnaea 5: 77 (1830)

= Juniperus pachyphlaea f. ericoides Eug.Barbier ex Beissn.; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 19: 139 (1910 publ. 1911)

= Juniperus pachyphlaea Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4), Bot. [Whipple] 142 (1857)

= Juniperus sabinoides Humb. ex Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 202 (1850), non Griseb.

= Juniperus thurifera Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 16: 298 (1841), nom. illeg., non L.

= Sabina deppeana (Steud.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina gigantea (Roezl) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 36, t. 48 (1857)

= Sabina mexicana (Schiede & Deppe) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 38, t. 51 (1857), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Sabina pachyphlaea (Torr.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt.: 39 (1857)

= Sabina pachyphloea (Torr.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 5: 120 (1909), orth. var.

= Sabina plochyderma Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 40, t. 52 (1857), nom. inval.

variant :

var. gamboana (Martínez) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 229 (2006)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Conservation Status: IUCN V

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus gamboana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 15: 7 (1944)

variant :

var. patoniana (Martínez) Zanoni; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 4(3): 152 (1976), without basionym ref., et in Phytologia 38(6): 438 (1978)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. patoniana (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 9 (2006)

= Juniperus deppeana var. obscura (Martinez) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 10: 152 (1968)

= Juniperus patoniana f. obscura Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 68 (1946)

= Juniperus patoniana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 62 (1946)

variant :

var. robusta Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 47, fig. 35-39 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Sierra Madre Occidental)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. robusta (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 9 (2006)

variant :

var. zacatecensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 57, fig. 44-48 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, W-Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus deppeana f. zacatecensis (Martínez) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 229 (2006)

= Juniperus deppeana subsp. zacatecensis (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 9 (2006)

= Juniperus zacatecensis (Martinez) Gaussen; Trav. Lab. Forest. Toulouse, Tome 2, sect. 1, vol. 1(2), chap. 10: 151 (1968)

species :

Juniperus drupacea Labill.; Icon. Pl. Syr., Dec. 2: 14 (1791)

Name: Syrian juniper (EN), Griechischer Wacholder (DE)

Distribution: Greece (SE-Peloponnisos); Turkey (SC-Anatolia); Lebanon; Syria

13 GRC 34 LEB SYR TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Arceuthos drupacea (Labill.) Antoine & Kotschy; Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 4: 249 (1854)

species :

Juniperus durangensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 94 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Sonora, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina durangensis (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Juniperus durangensis var. topiensis R.P.Adams & S.González; Phytologia 94(1): 46 (2012)

species :

Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb.; Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp. 204 (1798)

Name: Greek juniper, dhup

Distribution: Italy [I]; North Macedonia; Albania; S-Bulgaria; N-Greece (mountains, Thasos, Samothraki); Crimea; Mauritius [I]; La Réunion [I]; Uzbekistan [I]

13 ALB BUL GRC ita NMA 14 KRY 29 mau reu 32 uzb

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus aegaea Griseb.; Veg. Erde [Grisebach] 378, 572 (1871)

= Juniperus excelsa f. stricta (Jacob-Makoy) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 60 (1949)

= Juniperus excelsa unranked stricta Jacob-Makoy; Nursery Cat. (L.Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 8 (1868)

= Juniperus excelsa var. depressa O.Schwarz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 66 (1934)

= Juniperus excelsa var. pendula Sénécl.; Conifères: 91 (1868)

= Juniperus excelsa var. stricta (Jacob-Makoy) Rafarin; Rev. Hort. (Paris) 46: 74 (1874)

= Juniperus foetida var. excelsa (M.Bieb.) Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 16: 297 (1841)

= Juniperus isophyllos K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 304 (1849)

= Juniperus lasdeliana P.Lawson ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 105 (1858)

= Juniperus lycia Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 2: 14, t. 56 (1815), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus olivieri Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 57 (1855)

= Juniperus perkinsii Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 144 (1862)

= Juniperus religiosa Endl.; Syn. Conif. 26 (1847)

= Juniperus sabina Gueldenst.; Reise Russland [Gueldenstaedt] 1: 98 (1787) non L.

= Juniperus sabina var. excelsa (M.Bieb.) Georgi; Beschr. Nation. Russ. Reich 3(5): 1358 (1800)

= Juniperus sabina var. taurica Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 2: 15 (1789)

= Juniperus stricta (Jacob-Makoy) Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 144 (1862)

= Juniperus taurica (Pall.) Lipsky; Trav. Exped. Colon. Russe 2, Bot. 6: 185 (1912), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus venusta Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 144 (1862)

= Sabina excelsa (M.Bieb.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 45, t. 60 (1857)

= Sabina isophyllos (K.Koch) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 48. tt. 64-66 (1857)

= Sabina olivieri (Carrière) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 70 (1857)

= Sabina religiosa Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 47, t. 61 (1857)

species :

Juniperus flaccida Schltdl.; Linnaea 12: 495 (1838)

Name: Drooping juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (W-Texas: Chisos Mts.); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas)

77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus foetida var. flaccida (Schltdl.) Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 16: 298 (1841)

= Juniperus foetida var. squarrulosa Spach; Hist. Nat. Vég. [Spach] 11: 321 (1841)

= Juniperus gracilis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 31 (1847)

= Sabina flaccida (Schltdl.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 37, t. 49 (1857)

species :

Juniperus foetidissima Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4: 853 (1806)

Name: Stinkender Wacholder (DE), Stinking Juniper (EN)

Distribution: Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Greece (mountains in mainland, Athos); Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Kartli, Kiziki, Trialeti); Armenia; Azerbaijan; East Aegaean Isl.; Turkey (widespread western half of Anatolia, rare eastern half); W-Iran; Cyprus; Lebanon

13 ALB GRC KOS NMA SRB 14 KRY 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN LEB TUR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus foetidissima f. squarrosa (Medw.) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk., ed. 2: 602 (1909)

= Juniperus foetidissima var. pindicola Formánek; Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 33: 20 (1894 publ. 1895)

= Juniperus foetidissima var. squarrosa Medw.; Trudy Bot. Sada Imp. Yur´evsk. Univ. 3: 229 (1903)

= Juniperus phoenicea Pall.; Fl. Ross. [Pallas] 2: 16, t. 57 (1789), nom. illeg., non L.

= Juniperus sabina Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2(2): 264 (1816) non L.

= Juniperus sabinoides Griseb.; Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 352 (1846)

= Sabina foetidissima (Willd.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 49. tt. 67-71 (1857)

= Sabina grisebachii Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 61 (1857)

species :

Juniperus formosana Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 25: Art. 19, 209 (1908)

Name: Formosan juniper, prickly cypress

Distribution: China (S-Anhui, W-Fujian, E-Gansu, Guizhou, W-Hubei, S-Hunan, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, NE-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, S-Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chekiangensis Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 163 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. II.) 26 (1938), pro syn.

= Juniperus formosana f. tenella Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. 7: 6 (1929)

= Juniperus formosana var. sinica Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho 163: 26 (1938)

variant :

var. concolor Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 7: 39 (1918)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus tairukouensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 1 (2022)

variant :

var. mairei (Lemée & H.Lév.) R.P.Adams & C.F.Hsieh; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30(3): 239 (2002)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus formosana subsp. mairei (Lemée & H.Lév.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 10 (2006)

= Juniperus mairei Lemée & H.Lév.; Monde Pl. 16: 20 (1914)

species :

Juniperus gracilior Pilg.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 481 (1913)

Name: Sabina (Dominican Republic), Weeping sabina, Cedre (Haiti)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina gracilior (Pilg.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

variant :

var. ekmanii (Florin) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 78(2): 144 (1995)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus ekmanii Florin; Ark. Bot. 25A(5): 14 (1933)

= Juniperus gracilior subsp. ekmanii (Florin) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 10 (2006)

variant :

var. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 78(2): 144 (1995)

Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)

81 HIS

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus barbadensis subsp. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 37(1-4): 90 (1992)

= Juniperus barbadensis var. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) Silba; Phytologia 56(5): 341 (1984)

= Juniperus gracilior subsp. urbaniana (Pilg. & Ekman) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 10 (2006)

= Juniperus urbaniana Pilg. & Ekman; Ark. Bot. 20A(15): 9 (1926)

species :

Juniperus grandis R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 306 (2006), nom. nov.

Name: Western juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (California, Nevada)

76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus occidentalis subsp. australis Vasek; Brittonia 18: 352 (1966)

= Juniperus occidentalis var. australis (Vasek) A.H.Holmgren & N.H.Holmgren; Intermount. Fl. [Cronquist et al.] 239 (1972)

= Sabina grandis (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus horizontalis Moench; Methodus [Moench] 699 (1794)

Name: Creeping juniper (EN), savinier, genevrier horizontal (FR)

70 ASK CDN 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus horizontalis f. alpina (Lodd. ex Loudon) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 203 (1925)

= Juniperus horizontalis f. douglasii (Rehder) Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 214 (1915 publ. 1916)

= Juniperus horizontalis f. glomerata Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 202 (1925)

= Juniperus horizontalis f. lobata O.W.Knight; Rhodora 9: 202 (1907)

= Juniperus horizontalis f. plumosa Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 204 (1925)

= Juniperus horizontalis f. variegata Slavin; Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S. [Chittenden] 106 (1932)

= Juniperus horizontalis subsp. hamptonensis Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 11(1): 28 (2004)

= Juniperus horizontalis subsp. neopangaea Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 11(1): 28 (31) (2004)

= Juniperus horizontalis var. alpina (Lodd. ex Loudon) Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees: 15 (1927)

= Juniperus horizontalis var. douglasii Rehder; Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1729 (1915)

= Juniperus horizontalis var. glomerata Rehder; Man. Cult. Trees: 15 (1927)

= Juniperus hudsonica J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 208 (1839)

= Juniperus prostrata Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2(2): 632 (1807)

= Juniperus racemosa Risso; Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 459 (1826)

= Juniperus repens Nutt.; Gen. N. Amer. Pl. [Nuttall] 2: 245 (1818)

= Juniperus sabina f. prostrata (Pers.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 1228 (1895)

= Juniperus sabina var. alpina J.Forbes; Pinet. Woburn. 206 (1839)

= Juniperus sabina var. alpina Lodd. ex Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2499 (1838)

= Juniperus sabina var. humilis Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer., Bot. N. Brit. Amer. 2: 166 (1838)

= Juniperus sabina var. procumbens Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 647 (1813)

= Juniperus sabina var. prostrata (Pers.) Loudon; Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2499 (1838)

= Juniperus virginiana var. prostrata (Pers.) Torr.; Fl. New York 2: 235 (1847)

= Sabina horizontalis (Moench) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 39: 100 (1912)

= Sabina horizontalis f. douglasii (Rehder) Moldenke; Phytologia 4: 128 (1952)

= Sabina prostrata (Pers.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 57, t. 79 (1857)

= Sabina racemosa (Risso) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt.: 71 (1857)

species :

Juniperus indica Bertol.; Misc. Bot. [Bertoloni] 23: 228, t. 1 (1862)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan, W-Sichuan); E-Tibet; S-Tibet; N-Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarh Pradesh)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus excelsa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6041 (1832), nomen

= Juniperus wallichiana Hook.f. & H.H.Thomas. ex Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 482 (1868), pro syn.) ex Brandis, For. Fl. Ind. 537 (1874)

= Juniperus wallichiana var. meionocarpa Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 61: 107 (1924)

= Sabina indica (Bertol.) L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Higher Pl. China 3: 90 (2000)

= Sabina wallichiana (Hook.f. & Thomson ex E.Brandis) Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 26 (1924), pro syn.

= Sabina wallichiana var. meionocarpa (Hand.-Mazz.) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Chinese Dendrol. 1: 322 (1972)

variant :

var. caespitosa Farjon; Monogr. Cupressaceae Sciadopitys 313 (2005)

Distribution: Tibet; Nepal

36 TIB 40 NEP

species :

Juniperus jackii (Rehder) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94: 292 (2012)

Distribution: USA (S-Washington State, W-Oregon, NW-California)

73 USA 76 USA

Remarks: communis agg.; distinct from J. communis fide Adams & Schwarzbach (2012)

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus communis var. jackii Rehder; Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1907: 70 (1907)

species :

Juniperus jaliscana Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 69 (1946)

Distribution: Mexico (S-Durango, NW-Jalisco)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN E

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina jaliscana (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus komarovii Florin; Acta Horti Gothob. 3: 3 (1927)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, SE-Qinghai, NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus glaucescens Florin; Acta Horti Gothob. 3: 5 (1927)

= Sabina komarovii (Florin) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees China [W.J.Zheng et al.] 1: 261 (1961)

species :

Juniperus macrocarpa Sm.; Fl. Graec. Prodr. [Sibthorp] 2: 263 (1816), nom. cons.

Name: Großfrüchtiger Stech-Wacholder (DE); Large-fruited Juniper (EN)

Distribution: Spain (E-Spain); Baleares; S-France; Corsica; Italy; Sardinia; Sicily; Croatia; Montenegro; North Macedonia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (widespread, incl. Kiklades, Samothraki); Crete (mountains); Russia; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Samos); Turkey (W-Anatolia)

12 BAL COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT NMA SIC 14 KRY 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 33 GEO NCS 34 EAI TUR

Remarks: oxycedrus agg. See also J. deltoides which was frequently included here. The distribution might be somewhat confused.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus attica Orph.; Nutzpfl. Griechenl. [Heldreich] 13 (1862)

= Juniperus biasolettii Link; Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 7: 878 (1846)

= Juniperus communis var. macrocarpa (Sm.) Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 16: 290 (1841)

= Juniperus elliptica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 11 (1855)

= Juniperus macrocarpa var. ellipsoidea Neilr.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 780 (1869)

= Juniperus macrocarpa var. globosa Neilr.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 780 (1869)

= Juniperus major Dioscorides ex Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 1: 44 (1897)

= Juniperus marschalliana Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 29(1): 244 (1856)

= Juniperus neaboriensis P.Lawson ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 96 (1858), pro syn.

= Juniperus oblongata Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 635 (1844)

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. macrocarpa Sennen; Bull. Géogr. Bot. 21(259): 130 (1911)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa (Sm.) Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16(no. 93): 670 (1877), isonym

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa (Sm.) Neilr.; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18(Veget. Croat): 52 (1868)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. globosa (Neilr.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 372 (1913)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. macrocarpa (Sm.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 25 (2000)

= Juniperus sphaerocarpa Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 11, t. 10 (1857)

= Juniperus umbilicata Godr.; Fl. France [Grenier] 3: 158 (1855)

= Juniperus willkommii Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 9, t. 7 (1857)

species :

Juniperus maritima R.P.Adams; Phytologia 89(3): 278 (2007), nom. illeg., non E. H. Wilson 1917

Distribution: Canada (British Columbia); USA (Washington State)

71 CDN 73 USA

Remarks: distinguished by genetics from the closely related J. scopulorum and J. virginica. There is introgression between J. maritima and J. scopulorum

species :

Juniperus martinezii Pérez de la Rosa; Phytologia 57(2): 81 (1985)

Distribution: Mexico (Jalisco)

79 MEX

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus flaccida subsp. martinezii (Pérez de la Rosa) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 9 (2006)

= Juniperus flaccida var. martinezii (Pérez de la Rosa) Silba; Phytologia 58(6): 367 (1985)

= Sabina martinezii (Pérez de la Rosa) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.; Silva [Sargent] 10: 89 (1896)

Name: Oneseed juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus californica var. monosperma (Engelm.) Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 2: 17 (1892)

= Juniperus gymnocarpa (Lemmon) Cory; Rhodora 38: 184 (1936)

= Juniperus mexicana var. monosperma (Engelm.) Cory; Rhodora 38: 183 (1936)

= Juniperus monosperma f. gymnocarpa (Lemmon) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 239 (1926)

= Juniperus occidentalis var. gymnocarpa Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope 80 (1895)

= Juniperus occidentalis var. monosperma Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 590. [reprint, 8.] (1877)

= Sabina monosperma (Engelm.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 598 (1905)

species :

Juniperus monticola Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 79 (1946), nom. illeg.

Distribution: Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nuevo León, Puebla, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Zacatecas); Trinidad [I]

79 MEX 81 trt

Synonyms: hidden

= Cupressus sabinoides Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 3 (1817)

= Juniperus compacta (Martínez) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 89: 368 (2007), nom. inval.

= Juniperus mexicana Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 909 (1826), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Juniperus monticola f. compacta Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 85, fig. 71-73 (1946)

= Juniperus monticola f. orizabensis Martínez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 91 (1946)

= Juniperus monticola subsp. compacta (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 12 (2006)

= Juniperus monticola subsp. orizabensis (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 12 (2006)

= Juniperus sabinoides (Kunth) Nees; Linnaea 19: 706 (1847), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus sabinoides f. monticola (Martínez) I.M.Johnst.; Taxon 34(3): 505 (1985) (nom. nov.)

= Juniperus sabinoides f. orizabensis (Martínez) I.M.Johnst.; Taxon 34(3): 506 (1985)

= Juniperus sabinoides Humb. ex Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 202 (1850), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus tetragona Schltdl.; Linnaea 12: 495 (1838) non Moench (1794)

= Sabina compacta (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 347 (2022)

= Sabina monticola (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina sabinoides (Kunth) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 33 (1903)

= Sabina tetragona Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 40, t. 53 (1857)

species :

Juniperus morrisonicola Hayata; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 43: 194, et in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 298 (1908)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus squamata var. morrisonicola (Hayata) H.L.Li & H.Keng; Taiwania 5: 81 (1954)

= Sabina morrisonicola (Hayata) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabinella morrisonicola (Hayata) Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 165 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. III.) 14 (1938)

species :

Juniperus navicularis Gand.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 57: 55 (1910)

Distribution: S-Portugal; Spain (SW-Spain)

12 POR SPA

Remarks: oxycedrus agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus hochstetteri Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt., p.s.n.: t. 33 (1857), nom. rej. prop.

= Juniperus microphylla Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt.: t. 31 (1857), nom. rej. prop.

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. transtagana Franco; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 166 (1963)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. transtagana (Franco) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 35 (1984)

species :

Juniperus occidentalis Hook.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Hooker] 2: 166 (1838)

Name: Yellow juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington State)

73 USA 76 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Chamaecyparis boursieri Decne.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 1: 70 (1854)

= Cupressus bacciformis Knight ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 38 (1862)

= Juniperus andina Nutt.; N. Amer. Sylv. [Nuttall] 3: 95, t. 110 (1849)

= Juniperus californica var. siskiyouensis L.F.Hend.; Rhodora 33: 203 (1931)

= Juniperus dealbata Knight; Syn. Conif. 12 (1847)

= Juniperus hermanni K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 141 (1873), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus occidentalis f. corbetii R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(1): 29 (22-34) (2012)

= Juniperus occidentalis f. robinsonii O.V.Matthews; Amer. Forest. 43: 756 (1945)

= Juniperus pseudocupressus Dieck; Neuheiten-Off. Natl.-Arbor. Zöschen 1899: 8 (1899)

= Sabina occidentalis (Hook.) A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 50: 47 (1906), isonym

= Sabina occidentalis (Hook.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 64. tt. 85-86 (1857)

species :

Juniperus osteosperma (Torr.) Little; Leafl. W. Bot. 5: 125 (1948)

Name: Utah juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)

73 USA 76 USA 77 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus californica subsp. osteosperma (Torr.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus californica var. osteosperma (Torr.) L.D.Benson; Trees & Shrubs of Southw. Deserts, ed. 3: 377 (1981)

= Juniperus californica var. utahensis Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 588. [reprint, 6.] (1877)

= Juniperus cosnino Lemmon; Sierra Club Bull. 4: 123 (1902), nom. altern.

= Juniperus knightii A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 25: 198 (1898)

= Juniperus megalocarpa Sudw.; Forest. Irrig. 13: 307, figs. 1, 2 (1907)

= Juniperus monosperma var. knightii (A.Nelson) Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 4: 114 (1900)

= Juniperus occidentalis var. utahensis (Engelm.) A.H.Kent; Man. Conif. [Veitch] 289 (1881)

= Juniperus tetragona var. osteosperma Torr.; Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4(5, no. 4), Bot. [Whipple] 141 (142) (1857)

= Juniperus utahensis (Engelm.) Lemmon; Rep. Calif. Stat. Board. For. 183 (1890)

= Juniperus utahensis var. cosnino Lemmon; Sierra Club Bull. 4: 122 (1902)

= Juniperus utahensis var. megalocarpa (Sudw.) Sarg.; Bot. Gaz. 67: 208 (1919)

= Sabina knightii (A.Nelson) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 598 (1905)

= Sabina megalocarpa (Sudw.) Cockerell; Muhlenbergia 3: 143 (1908)

= Sabina osteosperma (Torr.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 51 (1857)

= Sabina utahensis (Engelm.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 598 (1905)

species :

Juniperus oxycedrus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1038 (1753)

Name: Stechwacholder (DE), prickly juniper (EN)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France; Monaco; Corsica; Sardinia; NW-Italy; San Marino; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Montenegro [I]; Serbia [I]; Kosovo [I]; Greece (coastal mainland, Kiklades); Crete; European Turkey; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; East Aegaean Isl. (Ikaria, Samos, Dodecanese, Kos, Rhodos, Karpathos); Turkey (widespread Anatolia); Syria; Iraq; W-Iran

12 BAL COR FRA MCO POR SAR SPA 13 bih cro GRC ITA kos KRI mnt slv SMA srb TUE 20 ALG MOR TUN 34 EAI IRN IRQ SYR TUR

Remarks: oxycedrus agg. See also J. deltoides and J. macrocarpa which both have frequently been included here but are distinct fide molecular analyses

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus bieberstieniana K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 112 (1873), nom. inval.

= Juniperus glauca Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Juniperus heterocarpa Timb.-Lagr. ex Loret & Barrandon; Fl. Montpellier 2: 610 (1876)

= Juniperus heterocarpa Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 676 (1881)

= Juniperus oxycedrina St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 128 (1880)

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. densa Jovan.; Fl. Serbia 1: 413 (1992)

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. parvifolia Novák; Preslia 4: 53 (1926)

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. viminalis Jovan.; Fl. Serbia 1: 413 (1992)

= Juniperus oxycedrus f. viridis Posp.; Fl. Oesterr. Küstenl. 1: 30 (1897)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. lagunae (Pau ex C.Vicioso) Rivas Mart.; Itinera Geobot. 15(2): 703 (2002), nom. inval.

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. rufescens Debeaux; Fl. Kabylie [Debeaux]: 411 (1894), nom. inval.

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. brachyphylla Loret; Annot. Fl. France Allemagne 282 (1865)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. fastigiata Jovan.; Fl. Serbia 1: 413 (1992)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. microcarpa Neilr.; Veg. Croat. 52 (1968)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. parvifolia (Novák) Jovan.; Fl. Serbia 1: 218 (1992)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. rufescens Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2, 2: 13 (1867), nom. inval.

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. wittmanniana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 14 (1855)

= Juniperus rhodocarpa Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(I): 397 (1857)

= Juniperus rufescens Link; Flora 29: 579 (1846), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Juniperus tenella Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 20, 27-29 (1857)

= Juniperus wittmanniana Fisch. ex Lindl.; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 200 (1850), nom. inval.

= Oxycedrus echinoformis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 13 (1867)

= Oxycedrus ericoides Pandiani; Atti Soc. Ligustica Sci. Nat. Geogr. 23: 244 (1912)

= Oxycedrus withmanniana Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 13 (1867)

variant :

var. badia H.Gay; Compt. Rend. Assoc. Franç. Avancem. Sci. 1889: 501 (1889)

Distribution: E-Portugal; Spain (C-Spain); Algeria

12 POR SPA 20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus badia (H.Gay) Rivas Mart., Molero Mesa, Marfíl & G.Benítez; Naturalia Cantabricae 8(Especial): 119 (2020)

= Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. badia (H.Gay) Debeaux; Fl. Kabylie [Debeaux]: 411 (1894)

= Juniperus tremolsii Pau; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 14: 212 (1904)

species :

Juniperus phoenicea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1040 (1753)

Name: Phönizischer Wacholder (DE); Phoenician juniper (EN)

Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares; France; Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Croatia; Albania; Greece (widespread); Crete; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Libya; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Turkey (W-Anatolia); Iran; Cyprus; Sinai peninsula; Jordania; Saudi Arabia

11 ger 12 ADO BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB CRO GRC ITA KRI SIC 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN 34 CYP EAI IRN JOR SIN TUR 35 SAU

Synonyms: hidden

= Cupressus bacciformis Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 64 (1814), nomen

= Cupressus tetragona Humb. & Bonpl. ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 33 (1867)

= Juniperus bacciformis (Willd.) Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 56 (1855)

= Juniperus divaricata Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 51 (1867)

= Juniperus formosa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 51 (1867)

= Juniperus langoldiana Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 38 (1862)

= Juniperus malacocarpa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 50 (1867)

= Juniperus myosuros Sénécl.; Cat. Sénécl. 35 (1854)

= Juniperus myurus Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 117 (1891)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. forneri P.P.Ferrer, E.Laguna, R.Roselló & Peris; Nemus 12: 90 (2022)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. prostrata Willk.; Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan.: 4 (1893)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. pyramidalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 51 (1855)

= Juniperus terminalis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Juniperus tetragona Moench; Methodus [Moench] 699 (1794), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Sabina bacciformis (Carrière) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 69 (1857)

= Sabina phoenicea (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 42, t. 57 (1857)

= Sabinella phoenicea (L.) Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 165 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. III.) 14 (1938)

species :

Juniperus pinchotii Sudw.; Forest. Irrig. 11: 203 (1905)

Name: Pinchot juniper, Redberry juniper (EN)

Distribution: USA (New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

74 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus erythrocarpa Cory; Rhodora 38: 186 (1936)

= Juniperus monosperma var. pinchotii (Sudw.) Melle; Phytologia 4: 29 (1952)

= Juniperus pinchotii var. erythrocarpa (Cory) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 35 (1984)

= Juniperus texensis Melle; Phytologia 4: 26 (1952)

= Sabina pinchotii (Sudw.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus pingii C.Y.Cheng ex W.C.Cheng; Res. Notes Forest. Inst. Natl. Centr. Univ. Nanking, Dendrol. Ser. 1: 2 (1947)

Distribution: China (W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chengii L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Novon 7: 443 (1998)

= Juniperus pingii subsp. chengii (L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 13 (2006)

= Juniperus pingii var. chengii (L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu) Farjon; Monogr. Cupressaceae Sciadopitys 344 (2005)

= Sabina pingii (W.C.Cheng ex Ferré) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 355 (1978)

variant :

var. miehei Farjon; Monogr. Cupressaceae Sciadopitys 346 (2005)

Distribution: SE-Tibet (Zangbo River Basin)

36 TIB

variant :

var. wilsonii (Rehder) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 36 (1984)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, NW-Hubei, S-Qinghai, S-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus carinata (Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu) R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 28(6): 541 (2000)

= Juniperus pingii var. carinata Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 443 (1998)

= Juniperus squamata f. wilsonii Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 1491 (1920)

= Juniperus squamata subsp. wilsonii (Rehder) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 16 (2006)

= Juniperus squamata var. loderi (Hornibr.) Hornibr.; Rep. Conif. Conf. R.H.S. [Chittenden] 74 (1932)

= Juniperus squamata var. wilsonii (Rehder) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 399 (2012)

= Juniperus wallichiana var. loderi Hornibr.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 85: 50 (1929)

= Sabina pingii var. wilsonii (Rehder) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Fl. Hupeh. 1: 21 (1976), et in Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 356 (1978)

= Sabina squamata var. wilsonii (Rehder) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Chinese Dendrol. 1: 320 (1972)

= Sabina wilsonii (Rehder) W.C.Cheng & L.K.Fu; Forest Sci. Technol. (Harbin) 4: 455 (1981)

species :

Juniperus poblana (Martínez) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(3): 239 (2006)

Distribution: Mexico (Durango, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Puebla)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Chamaecyparis thurifera (Kunth) Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 62 (1847)

= Cupressus schomburgkii Van Houtte ex Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl.: 27 (1862)

= Cupressus thurifera Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 2: 3 (1817)

= Cupressus thurifera Schltdl.; Linnaea 12: 493 (1838), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus flaccida subsp. poblana (Martínez) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 10 (2006)

= Juniperus flaccida var. poblana Martinez; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 17: 31, figs (1946)

= Juniperus poblana var. decurrens R.P.Adams; Phytologia 97: 153 (2015)

= Juniperus thurifera Bonpl. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 63 (1847), nom. inval.

= Sabina poblana (Martínez) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus polycarpos K.Koch; Linnaea 22: 303 (1849)

Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus] (Kartli, Kiziki); Armenia; Azerbaijan; Iran (N-Iran)

33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN

Remarks: see also J. seravschanica which is often included here

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus excelsa f. glauca Priszter; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 22(1-2): 207 (1976 publ. 1977), nom. inval.

= Juniperus excelsa subsp. polycarpos (K.Koch) Takht.; Fl. Erevana 53 (1972)

= Juniperus excelsa var. farreana Mehra; (1976)

= Juniperus excelsa var. pendula (Mulk.) Imkhan.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75(3): 407 (1990), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus excelsa var. polycarpos (K.Koch) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 34 (1984)

= Juniperus kulsaica Dmitrieva

= Juniperus pingii subsp. polycarpos (K.Koch) Takht.; Fl. Erevana 53 (1972)

= Juniperus polycarpos var. pendula Mulk.; Dokl. Akad. Nauk Armyanskoi S.S.R. 45(2): 86 (1967)

= Juniperus polysperma Dmitrieva

= Juniperus zaanzinica Dmitrieva

= Sabina polycarpos (K.Koch) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 47, t. 63 (1857)

variant :

var. turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 86(2): 50 (2004)

Distribution: Turkmenistan; Iran (NE-Iran, SW-Iran)

32 TKM 34 IRN

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus excelsa subsp. turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.) Imkhan.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75(3): 408 (1990)

= Juniperus excelsa var. turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 98(3): 227 (2016)

= Juniperus polycarpos subsp. turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 14 (2006)

= Juniperus turcomanica B.Fedtsch.; Fl. Turkmen. [Fedtschenko et al.] 1: 14 (1932)

= Sabina turcomanica (B.Fedtsch.) Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 218 (1937), obs.

species :

Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 26 (1847)

Name: African pencil Cedar (EN)

Distribution: Cameroon [I]; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; NE-Zimbabwe; Saudi Arabia; Yemen; Taiwan [I]; India [I]

23 cmn ZAI 24 DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZIM 35 SAU YEM 38 tai 40 ind

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus abyssinica K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 132 (1873)

= Sabina procera (Hochst. ex Endl.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 36, t. 47 (1857)

species :

Juniperus procumbens (Siebold ex Endl.) Miq.; Fl. Jap. [Siebold] 2: 59, t. 127 (1870)

Name: Creeping juniper (EN)

Distribution: China [I]; South Korea (Daeheuksan-do); Japan (Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa group, Sakishima group)

36 chi 38 JAP KOR NNS

Remarks: chinensis agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis f. alba (Standish ex Gordon) Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 202 (1925)

= Juniperus chinensis f. japonica (Carrière) O.L.Lipa; Dendrofl. URSR 1: 163 (1939), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus chinensis var. japonica (Carrière) P.Vilm.; Hort. Vilm.: 58 (1906), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus chinensis var. procumbens Siebold ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 21 (1847)

= Juniperus japonica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 33 (1855)

= Juniperus japonica var. alba Standish ex Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 161 (1875)

= Juniperus japonica var. aurea-variegata Ed.Otto; Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 29: 203 (1873)

= Juniperus procumbens var. nana Groot. ex Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers ed. 2: 122 (1939)

= Sabina chinensis f. albovariegata Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho 158: 26 (1938)

= Sabina chinensis f. globosa Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho 158: 27 (1938)

= Sabina chinensis f. variegata Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho 158: 30 (1938)

= Sabina chinensis var. procumbens (Siebold ex Endl.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt.: 55 (1857)

= Sabina procumbens (Siebold ex Endl.) Iwata & Kusaka; Conif. Jap. Ill., emend. ed. 2: 199 (1954)

species :

Juniperus przewalskii Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

Distribution: China (SW-Gansu, E-Qinghai, NW-Sichuan)

36 CHI

Conservation Status: IUCN R

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina przewalskii Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

species :

Juniperus pseudosabina Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 8: 65 (1842)

Distribution: Siberia (SW-Siberia, Altay-Yenisei region, Baikal region); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Takhar); China (Xinjiang); SW-Mongolia; Pakistan; ?Bhutan

30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK

Remarks: sabina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus centrasiatica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 27 (1924)

= Juniperus dumosa Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 201 (1850)

= Juniperus lycia Siev.; Neueste Nord. Beytr. Phys. Geogr. Erd- Völkerbeschreib. 7: 280 (1796)

= Juniperus sabina Pall.; Reise Russ. Reich. [Pallas] 3(1): 273 (1776), nom. illeg.

= Sabina centrasiatica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 27 (1924)

= Sabina fischeri Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 53, t. 73 (1857), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Sabina pseudosabina (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 75 (1975)

variant :

var. turkestanica (Kom.) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 36 (1984)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan; China (Xinjiang); Pakistan

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 40 PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus turkestanica f. squarrosa Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 27 (1924)

= Juniperus turkestanica f. trisperma Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 27 (1924)

= Juniperus turkestanica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 26 (1924)

= Sabilla pseudosabina var. turkestanica (Kom.) C.Y.Yang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 369 (1978)

= Sabina turkestanica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 26 (1924), pro syn.

species :

Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 55 (1825)

Name: Drooping juniper (EN)

Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Pakistan (N-Pakistan, Chitral); Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Sikkim, etc.); N-Myanmar (Kachin)

36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus butanensis Wender.; Pfl. Bot. Gärt. 36 (1851)

= Juniperus canescens Wall. ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 106 (1858), nom. inval.

= Juniperus excelsa Madden ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 107 (1858) non M. Bieb.

= Juniperus incurva Buch.-Ham. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 18 (1847)

= Juniperus lambertiana Wall. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 19 (1847)

= Juniperus lorulasi K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 135 (1873)

= Juniperus lorulazi Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 36 (1867)

= Juniperus nepalensis Rinz ex Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 106 (1858), nom. inval.

= Juniperus procumbens Siebold ex Lindl.; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 228 (1850), nom. inval.

= Juniperus recurva var. tenuifolia Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 16: 292 (1841)

= Juniperus religiosa Royle; Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 351 ex Carrière (1839)

= Juniperus repanda Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 27 (1855)

= Juniperus repanda Jacques; Ann. Fl. Pomone 5: 174 (1837)

= Juniperus rigida Wall. ex Endl.; Syn. Conif. 19 (1847)

= Juniperus squamosa Buch.-Ham.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6043 (1831)

= Juniperus uvifera Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1088 (1842)

= Sabina recurva (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 67, t. 88 (1857)

= Sabinella recurva (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho, No. 165 (Indig. Spec. Conif. & Taxads Korea & Manchur. III.) 14 (1938)

species :

Juniperus rigida Siebold & Zucc.; Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): (1846)

subspecies :

subsp. rigida

Distribution: Siberia [c] (SW-Siberia [c], Altay-Yenisei region [c]); Russian Far East (Primorye); China (Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan

30 sib 31 RFE 36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO

Remarks: rigida agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus arborea Budischtschew ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9: 214 (1884)

= Juniperus communis Thunb.; Fl. Jap. [Thunberg] 264 (1784) (non L.)

= Juniperus conferta var. pseudorigida Makino; Ill. Fl. Nippon: 896 (1940), nom. inval.

= Juniperus coreana var. rigida (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 158: 22 (1938)

= Juniperus pseudorigida Makino; Ill. Fl. Nippon: 896 (1940), pro syn.

= Juniperus rigida f. longicarpa Uyeki; Corean Timber Trees 1: 143 (1926)

= Juniperus rigida f. modesta (Nakai) Y.C.Zhu; Pl. Medic. Chinae Bor.-orient. 59 (1989)

= Juniperus rigida subsp. pseudorigida (Makino) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 9 (1974), nom. inval.

= Juniperus rigida var. cispidatus Pshenn.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 181: 116 (2001), nom. inval.

= Juniperus rigida var. hibernica Pshenn.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 181: 116 (2001), nom. inval.

= Juniperus rigida var. modesta Nakai; Bull. Forest. Soc. Korea 19: 26 (1935)

= Juniperus rigida var. pendula Pshenn.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 181: 117 (2001), nom. inval.

= Juniperus rigida var. piramidalis Pshenn.; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 181: 116 (2001), nom. inval.

= Juniperus seoulensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 31: 23 (1917)

= Juniperus utilis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 44: 99 (1930)

= Juniperus utilis var. modesta (Nakai) Nakai; Tyosen Sanrin Kaiho 158: 26 (1938)

subspecies :

subsp. conferta (Parl.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26(1-2): 9 (1974)

Name: Needle juniper (EN)

Distribution: Russian Far East (Sakhalin); North Korea; South Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu)

31 RFE 38 JAP KOR NKO

Conservation Status: Rare, local and protected

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus conferta Parl.; Index Sem. (Florence) 1 (1863)

= Juniperus conferta var. maritima (E.H.Wilson) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36(425): 105 (1922)

= Juniperus coreana Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 161 (1926)

= Juniperus litoralis Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 12: 230 (1868)

= Juniperus maritima E.H.Wilson; Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 62: 57 (1917)

= Juniperus rigida f. longicarpa Uyeki; Corean Timber Trees: 143 (1926)

= Juniperus rigida subsp. conferta (Parl.) Kitam.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 9 (1974)

= Juniperus rigida subsp. conferta (Parl.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 15 (2006), isonym

= Juniperus rigida subsp. litoralis Urusov; Byull. Glavn. Bot. Sada 122: 56 (1981)

= Juniperus rigida var. conferta (Parl.) Patschke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48(Heft 5): 678 (1913)

= Juniperus rigida var. coreana (Nakai) M.Kim; Korean Endemic Pl., ed. 3: 50 (2017), isonym

= Juniperus rigida var. coreana (Nakai) T.B.Lee; Ill. Woody Pl. Korea 238 (1966)

= Juniperus rigida var. litoralis (Urusov) Kozhevnikova; Fl. Ross. Dal´nego Vostoka 42 (2006)

species :

Juniperus rushforthiana (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 401 (2012)

Distribution: Bhutan

40 BHU

Remarks: a full species fide molecular analyses. May also occur in the neighboring countries

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus indica var. rushforthiana R.P.Adams; Phytologia 90(2): 244 (2008)

species :

Juniperus sabina L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

Name: Sadebaum, Stink-Wacholder (DE), Savin (EN)

Distribution: Germany (Bayern, Hessen [I], Schleswig-Holstein [I]); Switzerland; ?Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; Hungary; Spain; France; Italy; Pantelleria; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; N-Greece (rare in mainland mountains); European Russia (E-European Russia); Crimea; ?Morocco; Algeria; Siberia (W-Siberia/Siberian Urals, SW-Siberia, Altay-Yenisei region); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (scattered Anatolia); Iran; China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, NE-Qinghai, N-Shaanxi, N-Sichuan, Xinjiang); Mongolia; Canada [I] (Ontario [I])

11 AUT GER HUN POL SLO SWI 12 FRA SPA 13 BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS MNT NMA PTL ROM SLV SRB 14 KRY RUS 20 ALG 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN TUR 36 CHI 37 MON 72 cdn

Remarks: sabina agg.

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus alpina Lodd.; Cat. Pl. [Loddiges] 48 (1836), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus chinensis Endl.; Syn. Conif. 22 (1847) non L.

= Juniperus excelsa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 852 (1806), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus humilis Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 397 (1796), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Juniperus lusitanica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 11 (1768)

= Juniperus sabina f. fastigiata Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 111 (1891)

= Juniperus sabina f. tamariscifolia (Aiton) Koehne; Deut. Dendrol.: 53 (1893)

= Juniperus sabina f. variegata (Weston) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 15 (1887)

= Juniperus sabina subsp. tamariscifolia (Aiton) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus sabina var. cupressifolia W.T.Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 414 (1789), nom. inval.

= Juniperus sabina var. lusitanica (Mill.) C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer 206 (1913)

= Juniperus sabina var. macrocarpa St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 762 (1889)

= Juniperus sabina var. monosperma C.Y.Yang; Fl. Xinjiangensis 1: 305 (1992 publ. 1993)

= Juniperus sabina var. pungens Gaudin; Fl. Helv. 6: 299 (1830)

= Juniperus sabina var. tamariscifolia Burgsd.; Anl. Erzieh. Holzart. 2: 124 (1787), nom. inval.

= Juniperus sabina var. tamariscifolia W.T.Aiton; Hortus Kew. [W.T.Aiton], ed. 2, 3: 414 (1789)

= Juniperus sabina var. variegata Weston; Engl. Fl. [Weston] 19 (1775)

= Juniperus sabina var. yulinensis (T.C.Chang & C.G.Chen) Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 444 (1998)

= Juniperus tamariscifolia K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 125 (1873)

= Sabina alpestris Jord.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 3: 5 (1903)

= Sabina cupressifolia Antoine ex K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 125 (1873)

= Sabina officinalis Garcke; Fl. N. Mitt.-Deutschland, ed. 4, 387 (1858), nom. illeg. superfl.

= Sabina prostrata Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 57, t. 79 (1857)

= Sabina tamariscifolia K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 125 (1873)

= Sabina villarsii Jord.; Icon. Fl. Eur. [Jordan & Fourreau] 3: 4 (1903)

= Sabina vulgaris Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 58, t. 80 (1857)

= Sabina vulgaris var. arborescens Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt.: 58 (1857)

= Sabina vulgaris var. yulinensis T.C.Chang & C.G.Chen; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 263 (1981)

variant :

var. arenaria (E.H.Wilson) Farjon; Monogr. Cupressaceae Sciadopitys 73 (2001)

Distribution: China (Gansu, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi); Mongolia

36 CHI 37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus arenaria (E.H.Wilson) Florin; Acta Horti Berg. 14: 353 (1948), cum descr. ampl.

= Juniperus chinensis var. arenaria E.H.Wilson; J. Arnold Arbor. 9: 20 (1928)

= Juniperus davurica var. arenaria (E.H.Wilson) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 360 (2012)

= Juniperus sabina subsp. arenaria (E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 15 (2006), isonym

variant :

var. mongolensis R.P.Adams; Phytologia 88(2): 182 (2006)

Distribution: Mongolia

37 MON

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus davurica var. mongolensis (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 360 (2012)

variant :

var. balkanensis R.P.Adams & Tashev; Phytologia 98(2): 108, figs. 1-9 (2016)

Distribution: North Macedonia; Serbia; Montenegro; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece; Turkey

13 ALB BIH BUL GRC MNT NMA SRB 34 TUR

species :

Juniperus saltillensis M.T.Hall; Fieldiana, Bot. 34(4): 45 (1971)

Distribution: Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus ashei var. saltillensis (M.T.Hall) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 32 (1984)

= Sabina saltillensis (M.T.Hall) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

species :

Juniperus saltuaria Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 61 (1914)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, SE-Qinghai, W-Sichuan, NW-Yunnan); E-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina saltuaria (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) W.C.Cheng & W.T.Wang; Trees China [W.J.Zheng et al.] 1: 257 (1961)

species :

Juniperus saxicola Britton & P.Wilson; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 35 (1923)

Name: Sabina (Cuba)

Distribution: SE-Cuba

81 CUB

Conservation Status: endangered (Red List of the Vascular Flora of Cuba) and (IUCN)

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus barbadensis subsp. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) Borhidi; Acta Bot. Hung. 37: 90 (1992)

= Juniperus barbadensis var. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 7(1): 25 (2000)

= Juniperus gracilior subsp. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) J.L.Gómez & García-Beltrán; Cat. Plantas de Cuba 371 (2024)

= Juniperus gracilior var. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 361 (2012)

= Juniperus gracilis subsp. saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) Greuter & R.Rankin; Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 43: 122 (2022)

= Sabina saxicola (Britton & P.Wilson) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 349 (2022)

species :

Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.; Bot. Gaz. 25: 196 (1898)

Name: Rocky Mountain juniper (EN)

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wyoming); Mexico (Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila)

71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus excelsa Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 647 (1813), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus occidentalis var. pleiosperma Engelm.; Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 590 (1877)

= Juniperus scopulorum f. argentea (D.Hill ex Rehder) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 63 (1949)

= Juniperus scopulorum f. columnaris (Fassett) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 63 (1949)

= Juniperus scopulorum f. horizontalis (D.Hill) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 63 (1949)

= Juniperus scopulorum f. viridifolia (D.Hill ex Rehder) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 63 (1949)

= Juniperus scopulorum unranked horizontalis D.Hill; Cat. 1925(Fall): 15 (1925)

= Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.; Gard. & Forest 10: 420, 1. 54 (1897), in obs.

= Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.; Silva N. Am. 14: 93 (1902), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus scopulorum var. argentea D.Hill ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 206 (1923)

= Juniperus scopulorum var. columnaris Fassett; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 482 (1945)

= Juniperus scopulorum var. repens Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers ed. 2: 126 (1939)

= Juniperus scopulorum var. viridifolia D.Hill ex Rehder; Cult. Evergreens [Bailey] 206 (1923)

= Juniperus virginiana subsp. scopulorum (Sarg.) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

= Juniperus virginiana var. montana Vasey; Dept. Agric. Bot. Div. Bull. 1875: 47 (1876)

= Juniperus virginiana var. scopulorum (Sarg.) Lemmon; Cone-bear. Trees Pacif. Slope, ed. 4: 114 (1900)

= Sabina scopulorum (Sarg.) Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 598 (1905)

species :

Juniperus semiglobosa Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 487 (1879)

Name: Pencil Cedar (EN)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Baghlan, Kunar / Nuristan, Takhar); China (Xinjiang: Kunlun Shan); W-Tibet; Pakistan; NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir, etc.)

32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus drobovii Sumn.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 10: 22 (1948)

= Juniperus excelsa Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6041 (1831), nom. nud.

= Juniperus intermedia Drobow; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Uzbekistansk. Fil. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 7: 6 (1941) non Schur (1851)

= Juniperus jarkendensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 4: 181 (1923)

= Juniperus kokbulakensis Dmitrieva

= Juniperus media V.D.Dmitriev; Trudy Sektora Agrolesomelior. Lesn. Khoz. Komiteta Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 4: 31 (1938)

= Juniperus sabina var. jarkendensis (Kom.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 33 (1990)

= Juniperus schugnanica Kom.; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 482 (1932), Fl. URSS 1: 190 (1934)

= Juniperus semiglobosa subsp. talassica (Lipsky) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 15 (2006)

= Juniperus semiglobosa var. drobovii (Sumnev.) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 33 (1990)

= Juniperus semiglobosa var. jarkendensis (Kom.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 354 (2012)

= Juniperus semiglobosa var. talassica (Lipsky) Silba; Phytologia 68(1): 34 (1990)

= Juniperus ×talassica Lipsky; Trudy Lyes. Opit. Dyelu Ross. 30: 33 (1911), nom. nud.

= Juniperus tianshanica Sumnev.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Inst. Bot. Zool. Akad. Nauk Uzbeksk. S.S.R. 10: 24 (1948)

= Sabina jarkendensis (Kom.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 348 (2022)

= Sabina semiglobosa (Regel) L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Higher Pl. China 3: 88 (2000)

= Sabina vulgaris var. jarkendensis (Kom.) Chang Y.Yang; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 360 (1978)

species :

Juniperus seravschanica Kom.; Bot. Zhurn. S.S.S.R. 17: 481 (1932), Fl. URSS 1: 187 (1934)

Distribution: Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Iran; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Wakhan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Faryab, Herat, Kunar / Nuristan, Logar, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Takhar); Oman; Pakistan (Quetta, N-Pakistan); N-India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir)

32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG IRN 35 OMA 40 IND PAK

Remarks: often included in J. polycarpos

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus excelsa Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 26 (1854), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus excelsa subsp. seravschanica (Kom.) Imkhan.; Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75: 407 (1990)

= Juniperus excelsa var. seravschanica (Kom.) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 98(3): 227 (2016)

= Juniperus himalayaensis Carrière; Man. Gén. Pl. [Jacques & Herincq] 4: 314 (1865)

= Juniperus macropoda Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 709 (1884)

= Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica (Kom.) Kitam.; Results Kyoto Univ. Sci. Exped. Karakoram 8: 68 (1966)

= Juniperus turcomanica var. seravschanica (Kom.) R.P.Adams; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 27(7): 721 (1999), nom. inval.

= Sabina seravschanica (Kom.) Nevski; Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 245 (1937)

species :

Juniperus squamata D.Don; Descr. Pinus [Lambert], ed. 1, 2: 17 (1824)

Distribution: Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan); China (S-Anhui, W-Fujian, S-Gansu, E-Guizhou, SW-Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet; Taiwan; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim, etc.); N-Myanmar

34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 38 TAI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 41 MYA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus baimashanensis L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Novon 7: 443 (1998)

= Juniperus densa (Carrière) Gordon; Pinetum Suppl. 32 (1862)

= Juniperus fargesii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 30 (1924)

= Juniperus franchetiana H.Lév. ex Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 30 (1924)

= Juniperus kansuensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 31 (1924)

= Juniperus lemeeana H.Lév. & Blin; Fl. Kouy-Tchéou 111 (1914)

= Juniperus pingii subsp. baimashanensis (Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 13 (2006)

= Juniperus recurva var. squamata (D.Don) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 482 (1868)

= Juniperus recurva var. densa Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif.: 27 (1855)

= Juniperus squamata f. prostrata (Hornibr.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 58 (1949)

= Juniperus squamata subsp. fargesii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 16 (2006)

= Juniperus squamata var. fargesii Rehder & E.H.Wilson; Pl. Wilson. [Sargent] 2: 59 (1914)

= Juniperus squamata var. hongxiensis Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 444 (1998)

= Juniperus squamata var. meyeri Rehder; J. Arnold Arbor. 3: 207 (1922)

= Juniperus squamata var. parviflora Y.F.Yu & L.K.Fu; Novon 7: 444 (1998)

= Juniperus squamata var. prostrata Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers 77 (1923)

= Sabina kansuensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 31 (1924)

= Sabina recurva var. densa (Carrière) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt.: 67 (1857)

= Sabina squamata (D.Don) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 66, t. 89 (1857)

= Sabina squamata var. fargesii (Rehder & E.H.Wilson) L.K.Fu & Y.F.Yu; Higher Pl. China 3: 86 (2000)

species :

Juniperus standleyi Steyerm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 3 (1943)

Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala

79 MEX 80 GUA

Conservation Status: IUCN I

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina standleyi (Steyerm.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 349 (2022)

species :

Juniperus taxifolia Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 271 (1838)

Distribution: Japan (Honshu: Izu peninsula, Bozo peninsula); Ryukyu Isl. (Okinawa group, Amami group); Ogasawara Isl. (Keetaajima, Chichijima, Anijima, Otohtojima, Mukohjima, Anejima)

38 JAP NNS

Conservation Status: IUCN I

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus lutchuensis Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 32: 138 (1918)

= Juniperus lutchuensis var. maritima Iwata & Kusaka; Conif. Jap. Ill., emend. ed. 2: 195 (1954)

= Juniperus rigida Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 99 (1858), non Sieb. & Zucc.

= Juniperus taxifolia var. lutchuensis (Koidz.) Satake; Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 6(2): 193 (1962)

= Juniperus triangularis Mast.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 543 (1890)

species :

Juniperus thurifera L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

subspecies :

subsp. thurifera

Name: Genèvrier thurifère (F), Weihrauch-Wacholder (DE), Cedro de Espana (ES), Incense juniper (EN)

Distribution: Spain; S-France (Alpes Maritimes); Corsica

12 COR FRA SPA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus bonatiana Vis.; Mem. Reale Ist. Veneto Sci. 6: 245 (1856)

= Juniperus cinerea Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 35 (1867)

= Juniperus foetida var. thurifera (L.) Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 16: 298 (1841)

= Juniperus gallica (Coincy) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 374 (1913)

= Juniperus hispanica Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 13 (1768)

= Juniperus sabina var. arborea Mutel; Fl. Dauphiné 2: 405 (1830)

= Juniperus sabinoides Endl.; Syn. Conif. 24 (1847)

= Juniperus thurifera f. fastigiata Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 224 (1941)

= Juniperus thurifera proles gallica (Coincy) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 374 (1913)

= Juniperus thurifera subsp. gallica (Coincy) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus thurifera var. gallica Coincy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 45(6-8): 430 (1898 publ. 1899)

= Sabina foetidissima var. bonatiana (Vis.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 49 (1857)

= Sabina pseudothurifera Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 60, t. 82 (1857)

= Sabina thurifera (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 51 (1857)

subspecies :

subsp. africana (Maire) Gauquelin, Idr.Hass. & P.Lebreton; Ecol. Medit. 14(3-4): 39, 42 (1988)

Name: Afrikanischer Wacholder

Distribution: Morocco

20 MOR

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus africana (Maire) Villar; Types Sol Afr. Nord 1: 91 (1947)

= Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana (Maire) Romo & Borat.; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44(1): 73 (2007), isonym

= Juniperus thurifera var. africana Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 17: 125 (1926)

subspecies :

subsp. aurasiaca (Véla & P.Schäf.) Véla; Invent. Biodivers. Conservation Hotspot Bassin Médit. 20 (2018)

Distribution: Algeria

20 ALG

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus thurifera var. aurasiaca Véla & P.Schäf.; Ecol. Medit. 39(1): 77 (2013)

species :

Juniperus tibetica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 27 (1924)

Name: Tibetan juniper (EN)

Distribution: China (S-Gansu, S-Qinghai, Sichuan); E-Tibet; S-Tibet

36 CHI TIB

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus distans Florin; Acta Horti Gothob. 3: 6 (1927)

= Juniperus potaninii Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

= Juniperus zaidamensis f. squarrosa Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 29 (1924)

= Juniperus zaidamensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 29 (1924)

= Sabina potaninii Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 28 (1924)

= Sabina tibetica Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 27 (1924)

= Sabina zaidamensis Kom.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada R.S.F.S.R. 5: 29 (1924)

species :

Juniperus tsukusiensis Masam.; Prelim. Rep. Veg. Yakushima 39 (1929), Masam. in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 44: 50 (1930), et in Mem. Fac. Sci. & Agric. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 11: Bot. No. 4, 131 (1934)

Distribution: S-Japan (Yakushima Isl.)

38 JAP NNS

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis subsp. tsukusiensis (Masam.) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 6 (2006)

= Juniperus chinensis var. tsukusiensis (Masam.) Masam.; J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2: 152 (1930)

= Sabina tsukusiensis (Masam.) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 349 (2022)

variant :

var. taiwanensis (R.P.Adams & C.F.Hsieh) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 93(1): 127 (2011)

Distribution: Taiwan

38 TAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis var. taiwanensis R.P.Adams & C.F.Hsieh; Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30(3): 235 (2002)

= Juniperus chinensis subsp. taiwanensis (R.P.Adams & C.F.Hsieh) Silba; J. Int. Conifer Preserv. Soc. 13(1): 6 (2006)

species :

Juniperus turbinata Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 634 (1845)

Distribution: Portugal; Spain; Baleares; France (S-France); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Pantelleria; Isole Pelagie (Lampedusa); Greece (widespread in lowlands, Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Chios, Ikaria, Samos, Kos, Dodecanese, Simi, Rhodos, Karpathos, Kasos); Anatolia; Morocco; Tunisia

12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 GRC ITA KRI PEL PTL SIC 20 MOR TUN 34 EAI

Synonyms: hidden

= Cupressus devoniana Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 116 (1891)

= Juniperus lobelii Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 635 (1845)

= Juniperus lycia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753), nom. rej.

= Juniperus macrocarpa var. lobelii (Guss.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 477 (1868)

= Juniperus oophora Kunze; Flora 29: 637 (1846)

= Juniperus oxycedrus var. lobelii (Guss.) Rouy; Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 14: 372 (1913)

= Juniperus phoenicea f. megalocarpa Maire; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 32: 224 (1941)

= Juniperus phoenicea f. mollis Maire & Weiler; Fl. Afrique N. 1: 115 (1952)

= Juniperus phoenicea f. prostrata Debreczy & I.Rácz; Stud. Bot. Hung. 29: 87 (1998 publ. 1999), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus phoenicea subsp. turbinata (Guss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 676 (1881)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. galbulis-mollibus Ball; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 671 (1878)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. lobelii Guss.; Pl. Rar. Neapol. [Gussone] 370 (1826)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. lycia (L.) St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 762 (1889)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. macrocarpa St.-Lag.; Étude Fl. [A.Cariot], éd. 8, 2: 762 (1889)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. malacocarpa Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 30 (1847)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. sclerocarpa Endl.; Syn. Conif.: 30 (1847)

= Juniperus phoenicea var. turbinata (Guss.) Parl.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 16(2): 487 (1868)

= Oxycedrus licia Garsault; Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 89 (1764), opus utique oppr.

= Sabina lycia (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 44, t. 59 (1857)

= Sabina phoenicea var. lobelii (Guss.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 43 (1857)

= Sabina turbinata (Guss.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 41, t. 56 (1857)

species :

Juniperus uncinata (R.P.Adams) R.P.Adams; Phytologia 94(3): 399 (2012)

Name: Hooked branchlet juniper (EN)

Distribution: Nepal

40 NEP

Remarks: intermediate between J. recurva and J. indica

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus recurva var. uncinata R.P.Adams; Phytologia 91(3): 365 (2009)

species :

Juniperus virginiana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1039 (1753)

Name: Eastern redcedar

Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; France [I]; Italy [I]; Serbia [c]; Kosovo [c]; Romania [I]; European Russia [I]; Mozambique [I]; South Africa [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; China [I]; South Korea [c]; Taiwan [I]; India [I]; Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia)

11 ger hun slo 12 fra 13 ita kos rom srb 14 rus 26 moz 27 saf 32 uzb 36 chi 38 kor tai 40 ind 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus alba Knight ex Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 1: 58 (1855)

= Juniperus arborescens Moench; Methodus [Moench] 699 (1794), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus argentea Gordon & Glend.; Pinetum 113 (1858)

= Juniperus bedfordiana Loudon; Encycl. Trees Shrubs 1090 (1842)

= Juniperus cannartii K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 140 (1873)

= Juniperus caroliana Mill.; Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 4 (1768)

= Juniperus caroliniana Du Roi; Harbk. Baumz. ed. 2, 1: 497 (1795)

= Juniperus chamberlaynii Carrière; Man. Gén. Pl. [Jacques & Hérincq] 4: 313 (1865)

= Juniperus cinerascens K.Koch; Dendrologie 2(2): 141 (1873)

= Juniperus dioica Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 45 (1867)

= Juniperus foetida var. virginiana (L.) Spach; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 16: 298 (1841)

= Juniperus fragrans Knight; Syn. Conif. 13, Salisb. Prod. 397 (1847)

= Juniperus glauca Cels ex Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 435 (1822), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus glauca Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl. [Willdenow] 67 (1814), nomen

= Juniperus gossainthanea C.Lawson; List Pl. Fir Tribe 10: 77 (1851)

= Juniperus gossainthanea Lodd. ex Lindl. & Gordon; J. Hort. Soc. London 5: 202 (1850)

= Juniperus gossainthanea Ravenscr.; List Pl. Fir Tribe [Lawson et al.] 10: 77 (1851), Lists Seeds, Pl., etc. 279 (1851)

= Juniperus hermanni Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 632 (1807)

= Juniperus nutans Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 125 (1891)

= Juniperus polymorpha Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 125 (1891)

= Juniperus schottii de Vos; Bered. Woordenb.: 164 (1867), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus schottii Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 36 (1862)

= Juniperus smithipendula Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 125 (1891), pro syn.

= Juniperus tripartita Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 126 (1891), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus tripartita de Vos; Bered. Woordenb.: 165 (1867)

= Juniperus tripartita Lavallée; Icon. Sel. Arb. 291 (1877), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus venusta Ellw. & P.Barry; Descr. Cat. Orn. Trees, ed. 25: 58 (1882)

= Juniperus virginiana unranked filifera D.Hill; Cat. 1924(Fall): 15 (1924)

= Juniperus virginiana unranked pendula-nana Hillier; Cat. 38T: 194 (1928)

= Juniperus virginiana unranked pyramidiformis-hillii D.Hill; Hill´s Evergreens 1924: 17 (1924)

= Juniperus virginiana f. albospica Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 127 (1891)

= Juniperus virginiana f. bremerae Standl. & J.F.Macbr.; Rhodora 31: 193 (1929)

= Juniperus virginiana f. canaertii (Sénécl.) Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 125 (1891)

= Juniperus virginiana f. chamberlaynii (Carrière) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 17 (1887)

= Juniperus virginiana f. elegantissima (W.Hochst.) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 61 (1949)

= Juniperus virginiana f. filifera (D.Hill) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 62 (1949)

= Juniperus virginiana f. glauca (Carrière) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 61 (1949)

= Juniperus virginiana f. glauca-pendula Simon-Louis ex Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner], ed. 2: 594 (1909)

= Juniperus virginiana f. globosa Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 126 (1891)

= Juniperus virginiana f. hillii Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 62 (1949)

= Juniperus virginiana f. kosteri (Beissn.) O.L.Lipa; Dendrofl. URSR 1: 167 (1939)

= Juniperus virginiana f. kosteriana Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 126 (1891)

= Juniperus virginiana f. nana-compacta Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 126 (1891)

= Juniperus virginiana f. pendula (C.Lawson) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 17 (1887)

= Juniperus virginiana f. plumosa C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer [Silva-Tarouca]204 (1913)

= Juniperus virginiana f. pyramidalis (Carrière) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 17 (1887)

= Juniperus virginiana f. reptans Beissn.; Möller´s Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 11: 296 (1896)

= Juniperus virginiana f. schottii (de Vos) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 17 (1887)

= Juniperus virginiana f. smithii-pendula Beissn.; Handb. Nadelholzk. [Beissner] 125 (1891)

= Juniperus virginiana f. tabuliformis C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer [Silva-Tarouca]204 (1913)

= Juniperus virginiana f. tripartita (de Vos) Beissn.; Handb. Conif. [Beissner] 17 (1887)

= Juniperus virginiana f. variegata (Loudon ex C.Lawson) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 61 (1949)

= Juniperus virginiana f. venusta (Ellw. & P.Barry) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 62 (1949)

= Juniperus virginiana subsp. crebra (Fernald & Griscom) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 12: 21 (1982)

= Juniperus virginiana var. canaertii Sénécl.; Conifer. Monogr. 99 (1868)

= Juniperus virginiana var. chamberlaynii Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 46 (1855)

= Juniperus virginiana var. crebra Fernald & Griscom; Rhodora 37: 133, tab. 333 (1935)

= Juniperus virginiana var. elegans J.Lee & S.Lee; Garden (London, 1871-1927) 8: 77 (1875)

= Juniperus virginiana var. elegantissima W.Hochst.; Coniferen (Stuttgart) 92 (1882)

= Juniperus virginiana var. freneloides Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 291 (1877)

= Juniperus virginiana var. glauca Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif. 45 (1855)

= Juniperus virginiana var. kosteri Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 466 (1884)

= Juniperus virginiana var. nana C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer 204 (1913)

= Juniperus virginiana var. pendula C.Lawson; List Pl. Fir Tribe [Lawson et al.] 77 (1852)

= Juniperus virginiana var. pendula-viridis Gordon; Pinetum, Suppl. 36 (1862)

= Juniperus virginiana var. plumosa-argentea Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. ed. 2: 467 (1884)

= Juniperus virginiana var. pyramidalis Carrière; Traité Gén. Conif., éd. 2: 47 (1867)

= Juniperus virginiana var. schottii (de Vos) Gordon; Pinetum, ed. 2: 157 (1875)

= Juniperus virginiana var. smithii C.K.Schneid.; Uns. Freil.-Nadelhölzer [Silva-Tarouca]204 (1913)

= Juniperus virginiana var. tripartita (de Vos) Lavallée; Énum. Arbres 291 (1877)

= Juniperus virginiana var. variegata Loudon ex C.Lawson; List Pl. Fir Tribe [Lawson et al.] 77 (1851)

= Sabina alba (Knight ex Carrière) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 70 (1857)

= Sabina fragrans (Knight) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 70 (1857)

= Sabina glauca Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 71 (1857)

= Sabina gossainthanea (Lodd. ex Lindl. & Gordon) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 69 (1857)

= Sabina virginiana (L.) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt. [Antoine] 61. II. 83, 84 (1857)

= Sabina virginiana (L.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1(2): 885 (1864), isonym

= Sabina virginiana var. crebra (Fernald & Griscom) Moldenke; Phytologia 2: 473 (1948)

= Sabina virginiana var. pendula (C.Lawson) Antoine; Cupress.-Gatt.: 62 (1857)

variant :

var. silicicola (Small) Silba; Phytologia Mem. 7: 37 (1984)

Name: Southern redcedar

Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina)

78 USA

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus silicicola (Small) L.H.Bailey; Cult. Conif. N. Amer. 18, adnot., 197, obs. (1933)

= Juniperus virginiana subsp. silicicola (Small) A.E.Murray; Kalmia 13: 8 (1983)

= Sabina silicicola Small; J. New York Bot. Gard. 24: 5, adnot. (1923)

species :

Juniperus zanonii R.P.Adams; Phytologia 92(1): 112 (2010)

Distribution: Mexico (Nuevo León)

79 MEX

Synonyms: hidden

= Sabina zanonii (R.P.Adams) Y.Yang & K.S.Mao; Pl. Diversity 44(4): 349 (2022)

species :

Juniperus ×ambigens (Fassett) R.P.Adams; Junipers World: 183 (2004)

Distribution: USA (Maine, Wisconsin, etc.)

74 USA 75 USA

Remarks: Juniperus horizontalis x J. virginiana

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus virginiana var. ambigens Fassett; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 380 (1945)

species :

Juniperus ×cerropastorensis J.M.Aparicio & Uribe-Ech.; Toll Nègre 11: 7 (2009)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Juniperus sabina x thurifera

species :

Juniperus ×fassettii B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 272 (1966)

Name: Fassett´s juniper (EN)

Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia)

71 CDN

Remarks: Juniperus horizontalis x Juniperus scopulorum

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus scopulorum var. patens Fassett; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72: 46 (1945)

species :

Juniperus ×herragudensis J.M.Aparicio & Uribe-Ech.; Mainhardt 60: 84 (2008)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Juniperus phoenicea x J. sabina

species :

Juniperus ×palanciana J.M.Aparicio & Uribe-Ech.; Toll Nègre 8: 6 (2006)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Juniperus phoenicea x thurifera

species :

Juniperus ×pfitzeriana (Späth) P.A.Schmidt; Folia Dendrol. 10: 292 (1983)

Distribution: China

36 CHI

Remarks: Juniperus chinensis x sabina

Synonyms: hidden

= Juniperus chinensis f. pfitzeriana (Späth) Rehder; Bibliogr. Cult. Trees [Rehder] 60 (1949)

= Juniperus chinensis var. armstrongii L.H.Bailey; Hortus [Bailey] Suppl. 710 (1935)

= Juniperus chinensis var. pendula Beissn.; Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 459 (1884)

= Juniperus chinensis var. pfitzeriana Späth; Baumschule 104: 142 (1899)

= Juniperus chinensis var. plumosa-aurea Hornibr.; Dwarf Conifers: 66 (1923)

= Juniperus ×media f. armstrongii (L.H.Bailey) Melle; Phytologia 2: 190 (1946)

= Juniperus ×media f. aurea Melle; Phytologia 2: 190 (1946)

= Juniperus ×media f. compacta (Bobbink & Atk.) Melle; Phytologia 2: 190 (1946)

= Juniperus ×media f. glauca Melle; Phytologia 2: 190 (1946)

= Juniperus ×media Melle; Phytologia 2: 189 (1946), nom. illeg.

= Juniperus ×media var. arbuscula Melle; Phytologia 2: 189 (1946)

= Juniperus ×media var. pfitzeriana (Späth) Melle; Phytologia 2: 190 (1946)

= Juniperus ×pendula Lindl.; Edwards´s Bot. Reg. 28: t. 20 (1842)

= Sabina chinensis var. pfitzeriana (Späth) Moldenke; Castanea 9: 33 (1944)

species :

Juniperus ×souliei Sennen; Fl. Catalunya: 164 (1917)

Distribution: Spain

12 SPA

Remarks: Juniperus communis x oxycedrus

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
**in total 1,423,438* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
**in total 1,423,438* names**

[about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus*" are deliberately omitted]