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407.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 140-170 genera (circumscription still very much in flux), ca. 1700-1800 spp. Latest phylogeny: de Vos et al. (2025). There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1840; hybrids: 80
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
407.6332 Genus Kadenicarpus Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 1998(1): 22 (1998)
Distribution: Mexico. Phylogeny see Vázquez-Sánchez et al. 2019
Species listed in database: 3
species :
Kadenicarpus heliae (García-Mor., Díaz-Salím & Gonz.-Bot.) D.Aquino; Willdenowia 51(2): 264 (2021)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Turbinicarpus heliae García-Mor., Díaz-Salím & Gonz.-Bot.; Xerophilia 8(1): 3 (2015)
species :
Kadenicarpus horripilus (Lem.) Vázquez-Sánchez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 190(4): 415 (2019)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Bravocactus horripilus (Lenz.) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 1998(1): 22 (1998)
= Bravocactus horripilus subsp. wrobelianus (Nitzschke & Montes) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 8(1-2): 17 (2005)
= Echinocactus caespititius Pfeiff. ex Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1849 ed.]: 35 (1850)
= Echinocactus horripilus (Lem.) C.F.Först.; Handb. Cacteenk. [Förster] 283 (1846)
= Echinocactus horripilus var. erectocentrus F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.; Gesamtbeschr. Kakt. 443 (1898)
= Gymnocactus goldii (Bravo) Y.Itô; Cactaceae [Itô] 475 (1981), without basionym ref.
= Gymnocactus horripilus (Lem.) Backeb.; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 151 (1951)
= Gymnocactus horripilus subsp. kvetae Chvastek & Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 7(1): 35 (2000)
= Mammillaria horripila Lem.; Cact. Aliq. Nov. 7 (1838)
= Neolloydia horripila (Lem.) Britton & Rose; Cactaceae [Britton & Rose] 4: 16 (1923)
= Pediocactus horripilus (Lem.) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(1): 18 (1998)
= Thelocactus goldii Bravo; Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 26: 23 (1955)
= Thelocactus horripilus (Lem.) Kladiwa; Kakteen [H.Krainz], Lfg. 44-45, Gen. CVIIIb. (1970)
= Turbinicarpus horripilus (Lem.) V.John & Ríha; Kaktusy (Brno) 19: 22 (1983)
= Turbinicarpus horripilus subsp. kvetae (Chvastek & Halda) Chvastek & Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 9(1): 76 (2002)
= Turbinicarpus horripilus subsp. wrobelianus Nitzschke & Montes; Succulenta (Netherlands) 79(2): 92 (2000)
= Turbinicarpus horripilus var. wrobelianus (Nitzschke & Montes) D.Donati & Zanov.; Con. Cap. Colt. Turbinicarpus - Rapicactus 213 (2004)
species :
Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 1(1): 22 (1998)
subspecies :
subsp. pseudomacrochele
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele nothosubsp. kubesii (Halda & Kupčák) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2024(2): 2 (2024)
= Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. lausseri (Diers & G.Frank) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 3(1-2): 37 (2000)
= Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele var. lausseri (Diers & G.Frank) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 1998(1): 22 (1998)
= Neolloydia pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) E.F.Anderson; Bradleya 4: 22 (1986)
= Pediocactus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(1): 21 (1998)
= Pediocactus pseudomacrochele var. lausseri (Diers & G.Frank) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(1): 22 (1998)
= Pediocarpus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Halda; (1998)
= Pediocarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. lausseri (Diers & G.Frank) Halda; (1998)
= Strombocactus pseudomacrochele Backeb.; Blätt. Kakteenf. 6: 4 (1935)
= Toumeya pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Bravo & W.T.Marshall; Cactus (Paris) 4: 5 (1946)
= Turbinicarpus krainzianus f. lausseri (Diers & G.Frank) D.Donati; Revis. Tasson. Gen. Turbinicarpus 21 (2003), nom. inval.
= Turbinicarpus kubesii Halda & Kupčák; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 7: 76 (2000)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Buxb. & Backeb.; Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. Teil 1 (Mai), Blatt 27 (1937)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele nothosubsp. kubesii (Halda & Kupčák) M.H.J.van der Meer; Cact. Phantast. 2019(4)-1: 8 (2019)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele f. lausseri (Diers & G.Frank) Panar.; Piante Grasse 18(3): 120 (1998 publ. 1999)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. lausseri (Diers & G.Frank) C.E.Glass; Guía Identif. Cact. Amenazadas México [Glass] 1: Tu/pseudom subsp. krainzianus (1998 publ. 1997)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. lausseri Glass ex D.R.Hunt; New Cact. Lex. 276 (2006)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele var. lausseri Diers & G.Frank; Kakteen And. Sukk. 42(5): 108 (1991)
subspecies :
subsp. krainzianus (G.Frank) Vázquez-Sánchez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 190: 416 (2019)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo, Querétaro)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele var. sphacellatus (Diers & G.Frank) Doweld; Sukkulenty (Moscow) 1(1): 22 (1998), nom. inval.
= Neolloydia krainziana (G.Frank) A.T.Powell; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 13(4): 156 (1995)
= Pediocactus pseudomacrochele var. krainzianus (G.Frank) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5(1): 21 (1998)
= Pediocactus pseudomacrochele var. sphacellatus (Diers & G.Frank) Halda; Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 5: 22 (1998), nom. inval.
= Strombocactus pseudomacrochele var. krainzianus (Frank) G.D.Rowley; Repert. Pl. Succ. 23: 10 (1972 publ. 1974)
= Toumeya krainziana G.Frank; Kakteen And. Sukk. 11: 168 (1960)
= Toumeya pseudomacrochele var. krainziana (G.Frank) Kladiwa; Kakteen [H.Krainz] 34: CVIIIb (1966)
= Turbinicarpus krainzianus (G.Frank) Backeb.; Cactaceae [Backeberg] 5: 2890 (1961)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. krainzianus (G.Frank) C.E.Glass; Guía Identif. Cact. Amenazadas México [Glass] 1: Tu/pseudom subsp. krainzianus (1998 publ. 1997)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. krainzianus (G.Frank) Zachar; Gen. Turbinicarpus 50 (2004), isonym
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele var. krainzianus (G.Frank) Glass & R.A.Foster; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 49: 173 (1977), no basionym page.
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele var. sphacellatus Diers & G.Frank; Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 160 (1993), contrary to Art. 37.3 ICBN (1988)
subspecies :
subsp. minimus (G.Frank) Vázquez-Sánchez; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 190: 416 (2019)
Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Neolloydia krainziana var. minima (G.Frank) A.T.Powell; Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 13(4): 156 (1995)
= Turbinicarpus krainzianus f. minimus G.Frank; Succulenta (Netherlands) 68: 272 (1989)
= Turbinicarpus krainzianus subsp. minimus (G.Frank) Lüthy & Hofer; Kakteen And. Sukk. 51(3): 70 (2000)
= Turbinicarpus krainzianus var. minimus (G.Frank) Diers; Succulenta (Netherlands) 69(12): 269 (1990)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele f. minimus (G.Frank) C.E.Glass; Guía Identif. Cact. Amenazadas México [Glass] 1: Tu/pseudom subsp. krainzianus (1998 publ. 1997)
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele f. minimus (G.Frank) Zachar, Staník, Lux & Dráb; Rod Turbinicarpus 69 (1996), with incorrect basionym ref.
= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. minimus (G.Frank) Lüthy & A.Hofer; Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 20 (2002)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life