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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.8527 Genus Kailarsenia Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 462 (1983)
Distribution: Indochina, N-Malesia
Species listed in database: 5
species :
Kailarsenia campanula (Ridl.) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 464 (1983)
Distribution: Myanmar (Bago, Taninthayi); Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Pahang)
41 MYA THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia campanula Ridl.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 3: 310 (1893)
species :
Kailarsenia godefroyana (Kuntze) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 464 (1983)
Distribution: Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam
41 CBD LAO THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia ardisiifolia Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 259 (1923), pro syn.
= Gardenia godefroyana Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2(1): 283 (1891)
= Gardenia rivularis Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 259 (1923), pro syn.
species :
Kailarsenia lineata (Craib) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 464 (1983)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia lineata Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 119 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 287 (1932), descr. ampl.
species :
Kailarsenia stenosepala (Merr.) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 464 (1983)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia stenosepala Merr.; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 290 (1937)
species :
Kailarsenia tentaculata (Hook.f.) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 464 (1983)
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatera; Borneo
41 MYA THA 42 BOR MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia tentaculata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 119 (1880)
= Kailarsenia hygrophila (Kurz) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 464 (1983)
= Gardenia hygrophila Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 41(2): 312 (1872)
= Rothmannia hygrophila (Kurz) Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 60: 7 (1957)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life