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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35445; hybrids: 684
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.5217 Genus Lapsana L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 811 (1753)
Distribution: temp. Eurasia
Species listed in database: 1
= Lalda Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 44 (1900)

Search for: Lapsana communis-subsp.-grandiflora

Nothing found!
species :
Lapsana communis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 811 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. communis
Name: Gewöhnlicher Rainkohl (DE); Hierba pezonera (ES), Nipplewort (EN)
Distribution: England (England, Wales, Isle of Man, Scotland, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Isl., Shetland Isl. [I], Isles of Scilly); Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Belgium; Luxembourg; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal; Spain; Andorra; Baleares (Mallorca); France; Monaco; Channel Isl. (Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; S-European Russia; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; N-European Russia; NW-European Russia (incl. Kaliningrad region); Moldova; Ukraine; ?Morocco; Azores [I] (Sao Miguel Isl. [I]); Madeira (Madeira Isl.); Canary Isl. (Tenerife, La Palma); La Réunion [I]; Siberia (Altay, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon); Syria (W-Syrian Mountains); South Korea [I]; Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Hazara, Murree); NW-India (Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir); Australia [I] (South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], New South Wales [I], SE-Queensland [I]); New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Hawaii [I] (Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Alaska [I]; Greenland [I]; Canada [I] (British Columbia [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); USA [I] (Arizona [I], Arkansas [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Maine [I], Maryland [I], Massachusetts [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Vermont [I], Virginia [I], Washington [I], West Virginia [I], Wisconsin [I]); Mexico [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA MCO POR SAR SPA 13 BIH CRO ITA KOS MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST LAT LIT MLD RUS UKR 21 azo CNY MDR 29 reu 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ kgz UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ LEB SYR TUR 38 kor 40 IND PAK 50 aus 51 ctm nzl 63 haw 70 ask gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 81 his jam 82 clm ven 83 bol 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf
Synonyms: hidden
= Hieracium lampsana E.H.L.Krause; Deutschl. Fl. [Sturm], ed. 2, 14: 177 (1906)
= Lalda communis (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. [Bubani] 2: 44 (1899)
= Lampsana communis (L.) Moench; Methodus [Moench] 532 (1794)
= Lapsana cancellata Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 43: 69 (1893), pro syn.
= Lapsana cappadocica Bornm.; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 89: 392 (1944)
= Lapsana communis subf. silvatica (Wallr.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 1001 (1928)
= Lapsana communis f. adenoclados Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 803 (1931)
= Lapsana communis f. crispa (Willd.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 6(2): 1001 (1928)
= Lapsana communis f. leiocephala Pamp.; Boll. Mus. Republ. San Marino 4: 117 (1920)
= Lapsana communis f. nigricaulis Simmons; Bot. Not. 1894: 76 (1894)
= Lapsana communis subsp. pubescens (Hornem.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital. [Arcangeli] 411 (1882)
= Lapsana communis var. crispa (Willd.) Lej.; Rev. Fl. Spa 169 (1825)
= Lapsana communis var. crispa (Willd.) Pers.; Syn. Pl. [Persoon] 2: 379 (1807)
= Lapsana communis var. glabrescens Čelak.; Anal. Kvĕt. Česka, ed. 2: 173 (1887)
= Lapsana communis var. glandulosa Freyn; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 27: 363 (1878)
= Lapsana communis var. glandulosopilosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 355 (1866)
= Lapsana communis var. pubescens (Bernh.) Klett & Richt.; Fl. Leipzig 668 (1830)
= Lapsana communis var. pubescens (Hornem.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 76 (1838)
= Lapsana crispa Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3: 1624 (1803)
= Lapsana glandulosa Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 266 (1892)
= Lapsana pubescens Hornem.; Hort. Bot. Hafn. [Hornemann], Suppl. 91 (1819)
= Lapsana silvatica Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 474 (1879)
= Lapsana sonchifolia Gilib.; Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 243 (1782), opus utique oppr.
= Lapsana sylvatica Wallr.; Scholion zu Hampe´s Prodr. Fl. Hercyn.: 125 (1840)
= Lapsana vulgaris Gromov ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 8: 513 (1883), nomen
variant :
var. aurantia Yıld.; Ot Sist. Bot. Derg. 17(2): 29 (2010)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
subspecies :
subsp. adenophora (Boiss.) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 673 (1943)
Distribution: Austria; Italy; Croatia; Romania; Greece (mountains of N-, C-Greece, Peloponnisos); Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos); Turkey
11 AUT 13 CRO GRC ITA ROM 33 GEO 34 EAI TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Lapsana adenophora Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 23 (1844)
= Lapsana olympica P.Candargy; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 147 (1897)
subspecies :
subsp. alpina (Boiss. & Balansa) P.D.Sell; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 432 (1975)
Distribution: Turkey
34 TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Lapsana alpina Boiss. & Balansa; Diagn. Pl. Orient., Sér. 2, 6: 117 (1859)
subspecies :
subsp. grandiflora (M.Bieb.) P.D.Sell; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33(3): 432 (1975)
Name: Großblütiger Gewöhnlicher Rainkohl (DE)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan (incl. Nachichevan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran)
11 ger 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Hieracium lampsanoides DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7(1): 77 (1838)
= Lapsana glandulifera Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 25: 211 (1822), nom. superfl.
= Lapsana grandiflora M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 261 (1808)
= Lapsana lyrata Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 832 (1809)
= Lapsanastrum grandiflorum (M.Bieb.) Pak & Bremer; (1995)
subspecies :
subsp. intermedia (M.Bieb.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg., Beih. 30 (Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balc.): 803 (1931)
Name: Mittlerer Gewöhnlicher Rainkohl (DE)
Distribution: Sweden; Luxembourg; Germany [I]; Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Slovakia; France; Italy; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Albania; Romania; European Turkey; NE-Greece; C-European Russia; NW-European Russia; Ukraine; Crimea; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, S-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Syria
10 SWE 11 AUT ger LUX POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ALB BIH CRO GRC ITA MNT ROM TUE 14 KRY RUS UKR 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 IRN IRQ SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Lapsana aipetriensis Vassilcz.; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 29: 404. 727 (1964)
= Lapsana freynii Borbás; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 43: 69 (1893)
= Lapsana intermedia M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 540 (1819)
= Lapsana intermedia subsp. glandulosa Freyn & Sint.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 266 (1892)
subspecies :
subsp. macrocarpa (Coss.) Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur. 474 (1879)
Distribution: Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia
20 ALG MOR TUN
Synonyms: hidden
= Lapsana macrocarpa Coss.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 9: 173 (1862)
= Lapsana communis var. macrocarpa (Coss.) Batt.; Fl. Algérie [Battandier et al.] Dicot. 533 (1889)
subspecies :
subsp. pinnatisecta (Sommier & Levier) Greuter; Willdenowia 36(2): 713 (2006)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan
33 AZE GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Lapsana grandiflora f. pinnatisecta Sommier & Levier; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 16: 289 (1900)
= Lapsana pinnatisecta (Sommier & Levier) Ter-Chatsch.; Zametki Syst. Geogr. Rast. 15: 77 (1949), cum descr. ampl.
subspecies :
subsp. pisidica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Rech.f.; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 105(1): 674 (1943)
Distribution: Germany [I]; European Turkey; Georgia [Caucasus]; East Aegaean Isl. (Lesvos, Samos); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, S-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Lebanon; Syria; Israel (N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania)
11 ger 13 TUE 33 GEO 34 EAI ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR
Synonyms: hidden
= Lapsana cassia Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 33 (1849)
= Lapsana communis subsp. ramosissima Rech.f.; Fl. Aegaea 674 (1943)
= Lapsana peduncularis Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 3: 720 (1875)
= Lapsana pisidica Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 33 (1849)
= Lapsana ramosissima Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 34 (1849), nom. illeg.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life