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177.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017) and Soreng et al. (2022)
Species listed in database: 12170; hybrids: 389
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. [Pfeiffer] 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přír. Rostlin 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Gen. Sect. ... nov. ed.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.J.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 1: 8, 268 (1827)
177.4935 Genus Leucopoa Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 383 (1852)
Distribution: montane temperate Eurasia. The genus is frequently included in Festuca s. lat.
Species listed in database: 10
species :
Leucopoa albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 495 (1934)
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan); Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan; China (Nei Mongol, NE-China); Mongolia; Pakistan (Chitral, Gilgit, Baltistan, Karakorum)
30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI 37 MON 40 PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca albida (Turcz. ex Trin.) Malyschev; Vysokogorn. Fl. Sayana 68 (1965), p. p. non Lowe (1831)
= Festuca sibirica Hack. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 626 (1884)
= Festuca sibirica subvar. karoi St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 132 (1924)
= Festuca sichotensis var. brevipaniculata Krivot.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 77 (1955), no Latin descr.
= Koeleria sibirica Rudolph ex Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 383 (1852), pro syn.
= Leucopoa kreczetoviczii Sobolevsk.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 75 (1951)
= Leucopoa sibirica Griseb.; Fl. Ross. [Ledebour] 4: 383 (1852), nom. illeg. superfl.
= Poa albida Turcz. ex Trin.; Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 387 (1830)
= Schedonorus transparens Munro ex Lipsky; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 26: 610 (1910), pro syn.
species :
Leucopoa carpatica (F.Dietr.) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 35(2): 242 (2005)
Name: Karpaten-Schwingel
Distribution: S-Poland; Slovakia; Romania; W-Ukraine
11 POL SLO 13 ROM 14 UKR
Synonyms: hidden
= Amphigenes carpathica Janka; Linnaea 30: 619 (1860)
= Amphigenes nutans Janka; Linnaea 30: 619 (1860), nom. inval.
= Festuca carpatica F.Dietr.; Vollst. Lex. Gärtn., Nachtr. 3: 333 (1817)
= Festuca carpatica f. elatior Krajina; Polska Akad. Umiejetn. Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr., Dzial B, Nauki Biol. 9: 219 (1930)
= Festuca carpatica f. subflavescens Zapał.; Rozpr. Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. Akad. Umiejetn., Dzial B, Nauki Biol., Ser. 3, 4B(44B): 184 (1905)
= Festuca dimorpha Janka; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 16: 101 (1866) et auct.
= Festuca pseudolaxa Schur; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 8: 22 (1858), nomen
species :
Leucopoa caucasica (Boiss.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 496 (1934)
Distribution: Northern Caucasus (incl. Daghestan); Georgia [Caucasus] (Abkhazia, Mtiuleti)
33 GEO NCS
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca caucasica (Boiss.) Hack. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 626 (1884)
= Festuca caucasica (Boiss.) Hack. ex Trautv.; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 9(1): 401 (1884)
= Festuca sibirica var. caucasica Boiss.; Fl. Orient. [Boissier] 5: 626 (1884)
species :
Leucopoa dimorpha (Guss.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
Distribution: SE-France; C-Italy; NW-Italy
12 FRA 13 ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca dimorpha Guss.; Pl. Rar. Neapol. [Gussone] 34 (1826)
= Festuca dimorpha var. majellensis Gand.; Nov. Consp. Fl. Eur. 504 (1910)
= Festuca laxa subsp. dimorpha (Guss.) St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 132 (1924)
species :
Leucopoa hedgei Bor; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 70: 71 (1970)
Distribution: Afghanistan (Bamyan)
34 AFG
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca hedgei (Bor) E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 82(3): 100 (1977)
species :
Leucopoa komarovii (Krivot.) P.M.Peterson, Romasch. & Soreng; J. Pl. Taxon. & Geogr. (Webbia) 80(2): 214 (2025)
Distribution: Siberia (Buryatia, Irkutsk); Mongolia
30 SIB 37 MON
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca komarovii Krivot.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 80 (1955)
= Festuca sibirica var. planifolia Roshev.; Fl. Zabaical. [Fedtschenko] 1: 87 (1929)
species :
Leucopoa laxa (Host) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
Name: Schlaffer Schwingel
Distribution: S-Austria; Slovenia
11 AUT 13 SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca laxa Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 2: 58 (1802)
species :
Leucopoa olgae (Regel) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; Fl. URSS [Komarov et al., eds.] 2: 495 (1934)
Distribution: Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan, Herat, Orozgan / Daykundi); China (Xinjiang, Yunnan); Tibet; Pakistan (Baltistan); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir)
32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI TIB 40 IND PAK
Synonyms: hidden
= Colpodium afghanicum Bor; Fl. Iranica [Rechinger] 70: 57 (1970)
= Festuca deasyi Rendle; J. Bot. 38: 429 (1900)
= Festuca olgae (Regel) Krivot.; Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 56 (1960)
= Festuca olgae subsp. deasyi (Rendle) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 9: 30 (1972)
= Festuca olgae var. deasyi (Rendle) Tzvelev; Rast. Tsentral. Azii 4: 163 (1968)
= Festuca sibirica var. deasyi (Rendle) St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 132 (1924)
= Leucopoa deasyi (Rendle) L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 232 (2002)
= Lolium olgae (Regel) Sennikov; Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Tian-Shan 83 (2021)
= Molinia olgae Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 625 (1880)
species :
Leucopoa spectabilis (Bertol.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
subspecies :
subsp. spectabilis
Distribution: Italy; Croatia; Albania; Bulgaria; Greece (rare mountains of NW-, C-Greece, N-Peloponnisos)
13 ALB BUL CRO GRC ITA
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca affinis Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(4): 137 (1859), pro syn.
= Festuca affinis Hack.; Exsicc. (Fl. Graec.) 1852: no. 2776 (1852)
= Festuca affinis var. multiflora (Boiss. & Heldr.) Markgr.-Dann.; Veröff. Geobot. Inst. ETH Stiftung Rübel Zürich 56: 170 (1976)
= Festuca cyllenica var. multiflora Boiss. & Heldr.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2(4): 137 (1859)
= Festuca sieberi Tausch; Flora 20: 127 (1837)
= Festuca spadicea var. nemorosa Pollini; Fl. Veron. 1: 117 (1822)
= Festuca spectabilis Bertol.; Fl. Ital. [Bertoloni] 1: 612 (1834)
= Festuca spectabilis subsp. affinis (Boiss. & Heldr. ex Hack.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 189 (1882)
= Leucopoa spectabilis subsp. affinis (Hack.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35: 243 (2005)
subspecies :
subsp. carniolica (Hack.) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
Distribution: Italy; Slovenia
13 ITA SLV
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca carniolica (Hack.) K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. [K.Richter] 1: 106 (1890)
= Festuca sieberi subsp. carniolica (Hack.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. [Ascherson & Graebner] 2(1): 530 (1900)
= Festuca spectabilis subsp. carniolica (Hack.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 288 (1932)
= Festuca spectabilis var. carniolica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 189 (1882)
subspecies :
subsp. croatica (A.J.Kern.) Foggi, Parolo, Gr.Rossi, Ardenghi & Quercioli; Inform. Bot. Ital. 42(1): 351 (2010)
Distribution: Croatia
13 CRO
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca croatica A.J.Kern.; Sched. Fl. Exs. Austro-Hung. [Kerner] 1: 105 (1881)
species :
Leucopoa stygia (H.Scholz & Strid) H.Scholz & Foggi; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
Distribution: S-Greece (N-Peloponnisos)
13 GRC
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca stygia H.Scholz & A.Strid; Willdenowia 22(1-2): 85 (1992)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.02 (Feb. 1st, 2026)

Covering 358,774 accepted species,
8,847 hybrids, 48,003 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,006,442 synonyms,
in total 1,422,066* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life