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458.0000 Family Caprifoliaceae Adans.; Fam. Pl. 2: 153 (1763), nom. cons.
32-37 genera, ca. 1100 spp. Phylogeny see Lee et al. 2021, Wang et al. 2025
Species listed in database: 1090; hybrids: 34
= Diervillaceae Pyck; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Dipsacaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 194 (1789), nom. cons.
= Linnaeaceae Backlund; Taxon 47: 658 (1998)
= Loniceraceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024), nom. illeg.
= Loniceraceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 272, 296 (1818)
= Loniceropsida Brongn.; Enum. Pl. Mus. Paris: xvii, 47 (1843)
= Morinaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 88 (1820)
= Scabiosaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 563 (1820)
= Triplostegiaceae A.E.Bobrov ex Airy Shaw; Kew Bull. 18: 269 (1965)
= Valerianaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 227 (1802) nom. cons.
458.4001 Genus Linnaea Gronov. ex L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 331 (1753)
Distribution: circumpolar Northern Hemisphere
Species listed in database: 1
= Dicodon Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. [Ehrhart] 4: 146 (1789), nom. inval.
= Obolaria Siegesb. ex Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 275 (1891), nom. superfl.

Search for: Linnaea borealis-var.-americana

Nothing found!
species :
Linnaea borealis L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 631 (1753)
Name: Moosglöckchen (DE), Twinflower (EN)
Distribution: England (Scotland); Denmark; Norway; Sweden; Finland; Netherlands; Germany (Brandenburg, +Berlin, Bayern, +Hessen, +Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, +Schleswig-Holstein, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; France; Italy; Slovenia; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Belarus; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East (Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Isl., Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin); Kazakhstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, ?Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Xinjiang); Mongolia; North Korea; Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu); Alaska; Aleutes
10 DEN FIN GRB NOR SWE 11 AUT CZE GER NET POL SLO SWI 12 FRA 13 ITA ROM SLV 14 BLR EST LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 31 RFE 32 KAZ 33 GEO NCS 36 CHI 37 MON 38 JAP NKO 70 ASK
Remarks: many minor forms not listed
Synonyms: hidden
= Linnaea albiloba Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 36: 12 (1910)
= Linnaea amoenula var. pallida Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 33: 95 (1908)
= Linnaea amoenula var. rubra Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 33: 95 (1908)
= Linnaea amoenula Wittr. ex Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 34: 94 (1908)
= Linnaea australis Hoffmanns.; Preiss-Verzeichn. Pflanzen. 36 (1833),in adnot. (1833)
= Linnaea borealis var. pallida Sern.; Bot. Not. 15: 233 (1891)
= Linnaea borealis var. sulphurescens Jungner; Bot. Nomencl. 1880: 156 (1880)
= Linnaea foveolata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 34: 94 (1908)
= Linnaea jugosa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 34: 91 (1908)
= Linnaea longiflora Howell; Fl. N.W. Amer. [Howell] 1: 280 (1900)
= Linnaea parvisignata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 36: 12 (1910)
= Linnaea pseudoproterantha Pamp.; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s. 17: 723 (1910)
= Linnaea pyrrosema Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 36: 13 (1910)
= Linnaea roseoalba Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 36: 9 (1910)
= Linnaea rotundata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 36: 11 (1910)
= Linnaea serpyllifolia Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. [Ruprecht] 487 (1860), nom. superfl.
= Linnaea subconfluens Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 33: 96 (1908)
= Linnaea subjugosa Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 33: 91 (1908)
= Linnaea subsulcata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 33: 93 (1908)
= Linnaea subviolascens Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 36: 10 (1910)
= Linnaea sulcata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 33: 96 (1908)
= Linnaea tenuiflora Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 36: 10 (1910)
= Linnaea tenuisignata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 36: 11 (1910)
= Linnaea tenuisulcata Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 33: 92 (1908)
= Linnaea vicina Wittr. ex Brenner; Meddeland. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 33: 93 (1908)
= Obolaria borealis (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 275 (1891)
variant :
var. americana (J.Forbes) Rehder; Rhodora 6: 56 (1904)
Distribution: Alaska; Greenland; Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Québec, Saskatchewan, Yukon); St. Pierre et Miquelon; USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming)
70 ASK CDN GNL 71 CDN 72 CDN SPM 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Linnaea americana f. candicans House; Bull. New York State Mus. Nat. Hist. 243-244: 34 (1924)
= Linnaea americana J.Forbes; Hort. Woburn. 135 (1833)
= Linnaea borealis subsp. americana (J.Forbes) Hultén; Fl. Aleutian Isl. 310 (1937)
= Linnaea borealis subsp. longiflora (Torr.) Piper & Beattie; Fl. N.W. Coast [Piper & Beattie] 338 (1915)
= Linnaea borealis var. longiflora Torr.; U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. Pacific N. Amer. 17: [327] (1874)
= Linnaea serpyllifolia Rydb.; J. New York Bot. Gard. 8: 135 (1907), nom. illeg.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life