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Ver. 15.1
March 8th, 2023

168.0000 Family Poaceae Barnhart; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 22: 7 (1895), nom. cons., nom. alt.
ca. 800 genera, ca. 12.000 spp. worldwide. Systematics following Soreng et al. (2017)
Species listed in database: 12350; hybrids: 324
= Aegilopaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 221 (1820)
= Agrostidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Alopecuraceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 19 (1820)
= Andropogonaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 28 (1820)
= Anomochloaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Anthoxanthaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Arundinaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Arundinellaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 136 (1940)
= Asperellaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 270 (1827)
= Avenaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 60. 31 (1820)
= Bambusaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Bromaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Cenchraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 9, 268 (1827)
= Chaeturaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 106, 269 (1827)
= Chloridaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Chondrosaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Coleanthaceae Pfeiff.; Nomencl. Bot. 1(2): 818. ante (1873)
= Cynodontaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 51, 269 (1827)
= Cynosuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271, 272 (1827)
= Echinariaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Ehrhartaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Eragrostidaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Festucaceae Spreng.; J. Sadler, Fl. Comit. Pest. 1: 28 (1825)
= Glyceriaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 271 (1827)
= Gramineae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 28 (1789), nom. cons.
= Holcaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 252 (1833)
= Hordeaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Laguraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Lepturaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 147 (1940)
= Loliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 6, 267 (1827)
= Melicaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 390 (1820)
= Miliaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 91, 270 (1827)
= Nardaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 413 (1820)
= Olyraceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Ophiuraceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 3, 268 (1827)
= Oryzaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Panicaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Pappophoraceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145 (1940)
= Parianaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Paspalaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 47, 269 (1827)
= Phalaridaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 2: 250 (1833)
= Pharaceae Herter; Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 139 (1940)
= Phleaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 269 (1827)
= Saccharaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 265 (1820)
= Sesleriaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl.: 60 (1843)
= Spartinaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 46, 268 (1827)
= Stipaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prir. Rostlin: 264 (1820)
= Streptochaetaceae Nakai; Chosakuronbun Mokuroku [Ord. Fam. Trib. Nov.]: 222 (1943)
= Triticaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 22, 268 (1827)
= Zeaceae A.Kern.; Pflanzenleben 2: 651 (1891)
= Zoysiaceae Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 8, 268 (1827)
168.4846 Genus Lolium L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 83 (1753)
Distribution: Temperate Eurasia, N-Africa. Inclusion of Schedonorus fide Kubitzki (vol. 13) and molecular results.
Species listed in database: 29; hybrids: 12
= Arthrochortus Lowe; Hook. Kew J. 8: 301 (1856)
= Craepalia Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 102, 382 (1789)
= Crypturus Link; Linnaea, 17: 387 (1843)
= Micropyropsis Romero Zarco & Cabezudo; Lagascalia, 11(1): 95 (1983)
= Schedonorus P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrost. 177 (Index) (1812)
= xSchedolium Holub; 111 (1998)
species :
Lolium adzharicum (Tzvelev) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 709 (2017)
Distribution: Georgia [Caucasus] (Adzharia)
33 GEO
Synonyms: hidden
= Schedonorus adzharicus Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 43: 54 (2012)
species :
Lolium apenninum (De Not.) Ardenghi & Foggi; Taxon 64(5): 1039 (2015)
Name: Apenninen-Schwingel, Gebirgs-Wiesen-Schwingel (DE)
Distribution: Italy (Appennini); Sicily; Slovenia; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece; Austria; Switzerland; SE-France; Germany (Bayern); European Russia
11 AUT GER SWI 12 FRA 13 BUL GRC ITA ROM SIC SLV 14 RUS
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca apennina De Not.; Repert. Fl. Ligust.: 56 (1844)
= Festuca apennina f. elatior Zapal.; 182 (1905)
= Festuca arundinacea var. megalostachys Stebler
= Festuca australis Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 798 (1866), nom. illeg.
= Festuca elatior subsp. apennina (De Not.) Hayek; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(3): 291 (1933)
= Festuca elatior var. apennina (De Not.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 152 (1882)
= Festuca pratensis subsp. apennina (De Not.) Beldie; Fl. Republ Social. Roman., 12: 501 (1972) comb. superfl.
= Festuca pratensis subsp. apennina (De Not.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitteleur. 1: 343 (1908)
= Lolium pratense subsp. apenninum (De Not.) Banfi, Bracchi & Galasso; Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Milano 33(2): 8 (2005)
= Schedonorus apenninus (De Not.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 31: 2, 59 (1998)
= Schedonorus pratensis subsp. apenninus (De Not.) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
species :
Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.; Novon, 3(3): 241 (1993)
subspecies :
subsp. arundinaceum
Name: Rohr-Schwingel (DE); Tall Fescue (EN); Cerillo alto (ES)
Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; Baleares; England; Channel Isl.; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Greece; Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Spain; Andorra; Hungary; Italy; San Marino; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia & Kosovo; Macedonia; Slovenia; Croatia; Portugal; Malta; Norway; Poland; Romania; Sardinia; Sicily; Sweden; Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Crimea; C-European Russia; S-European Russia; NW-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Siberia (W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Kamchatka [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Armenia; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains); East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); European Turkey; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Iraq (NE-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); Pakistan (Baluchistan); Bhutan; India (Himachal Pradesh); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Faial); Canary Isl. (Tenerife, Fuerteventura, La Palma); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Ethiopia [I]; Kenya [I]; ?Algeria; ?Morocco; Tunisia [I]; South Africa [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], East Maui [I]); Aleutes [I]; S-Alaska [I]; Canada [I] (Yukon [I], British Columbia [I], Alberta [I], Saskatchewan [I], Manitoba [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Newfoundland [I], New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Washington [I], Oregon [I], California [I], Nevada [I], Idaho [I], Montana [I], Wyoming [I], Utah [I], Colorado [I], Arizona [I], New Mexico [I], ?North Dakota [I], ?South Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], Kansas [I], Oklahoma [I], Texas [I], Minnesota [I], Iowa [I], Missouri [I], Arkansas [I], Louisiana [I], Wisconsin [I], Illinois [I], Michigan [I], Indiana [I], Ohio [I], Kentucky [I], Tennessee [I], Mississippi [I], Alabama [I], Georgia [I], Florida [I], South Carolina [I], North Carolina [I], West Virginia [I], Virginia [I], Maryland [I], Delaware [I], New York [I], Pennsylvania [I], New Jersey [I], Vermont [I], New Hampshire [I], Connecticut [I], Massachusetts [I], Rhode Island [I], Maine [I]); Iles Kerguélen [I]; Japan [I] (Honshu [I]); China (Xinjiang, Gansu [I], Hebei [I], Hubei [I], Jiangxi [I], Nei Mongol [I], Qinghai [I], Shaanxi [I], Sichuan [I], Yunnan [I], Zhejiang [I]); South Korea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Ecuador [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Los Lagos [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Argentina [I]; Brazil [I]; Colombia [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Guatemala [I]; Mexico [I]; Uruguay [I]; Bolivia [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ADO BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 tun 21 AZO CNY mdr 24 eth 25 ken 26 zim 27 saf 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 35 SAU 36 CHI 38 jap kor 40 BHU IND PAK 50 aus 51 ctm 63 haw 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos gua 81 his jam 82 clm 83 bol ecu 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru 91 keg
Synonyms: hidden
= Aira oryzetorum Spreng.; Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 18 (1815)
= Avena secunda Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 22 (1796)
= Bromus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Roth; Tent. Fl. Germ. 2: 141 (1789)
= Bromus decolorans (Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Rchb.; Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 44 (1830)
= Bromus elatior (L.) Koeler; Descr. Gramin.: 214 (1802), nom. rej.
= Bromus littoreus Retz.; Fl. Scand. Prodr.: 19 (1779)
= Bucetum elatius var. variegatum Parn.; Grass. Scotland: 108 (1842)
= Festuca articulata De Not. ex Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 455 (1850), nom. inval.
= Festuca arundinacea f. baltica (Asch. & Graebn.) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Socul. Roman., 12: 502 (1972)
= Festuca arundinacea f. obtusiflora (Schur) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman., 12: 505 (1972)
= Festuca arundinacea f. pseudomairei (Lit. & Maire) Auquier; Soc. Ech. Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Medit., Bull., 16: 142 (1976)
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. conferta (Hack.) Soják; Cas. Nár. Muz. (Prague), 151(1): 14 (1982)
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. fasciculata (Sond.) K.Richt.; 102 (1890)
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. pauciflora (Hartm.) K.Richt.; 102 (1890)
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. strictior (Hack.) K.Richt.; 102 (1890)
= Festuca arundinacea var. aristata Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 596 (1881)
= Festuca arundinacea var. aspera (Mutel) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 509 (1900)
= Festuca arundinacea var. baltica Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 507 (1900)
= Festuca arundinacea var. fasciculata Sond.; 64 (1851)
= Festuca arundinacea var. multiflora Sond.; 64 (1851)
= Festuca arundinacea var. obtusiflora Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 798 (1866)
= Festuca arundinacea var. podperae Soó; Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung., 17(1-2): 117 (1971 publ. 1972). nom. nov.
= Festuca arundinacea var. pseudololiacea Grantzow; 340 (1880)
= Festuca caerulescens Ten.; Fl. Napol. 3: 81 (1829), nom. illeg.
= Festuca cretica Hack. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 825 (1882), pro syn.
= Festuca decolorans Mert. & W.D.J.Koch; J. C. Röling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 663 (1823), nom. nud.
= Festuca elatior f. pseudomairei Litard. & Maire; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 2: 43 (1930)
= Festuca elatior L.; Sp. Pl. 75 (1753), nom. utique rej.
= Festuca elatior subsp. arundinacea (Schreb.) Celak.; Prodr. Fl. Bohmen 1: 51 (1867)
= Festuca elatior subsp. arundinacea (Schreb.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 152 (1882), isonym
= Festuca elatior var. arundinacea (Schreb.) Roth; 46 (1788)
= Festuca elatior var. arundinacea (Schreb.) Wimm.; Fl. Schles. 3: 59 (1857), isonym
= Festuca elatior var. aspera Mutel; Fl. Franç. 4: 110 (1837)
= Festuca elatior var. elbursiana Vetter; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 48: 165 (1940)
= Festuca elatior var. mutica Chevall.; Fl. Gén. Env. Paris 2: 167 (1827)
= Festuca gigantea Krock.; Fl. Siles., Suppl. 1: 174 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Festuca littorea (Retz.) Lilj.; Utkast Sv. Fl., ed. 3: 699 (1816)
= Festuca loliacea Lam.; Encycl. 2: 462 (1788), nom. illeg.
= Festuca oryzetorum Pollini; Hort. Veron. Pl.: 3 (1816)
= Festuca phoenix (Scop.) Vill.; Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné: 17 (1779)
= Festuca poaeoides Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 67 (1803) [nom. illeg., non Thuill. 1799]
= Festuca pseudololiacea Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 151 (1882), pro syn.
= Festuca pseudosclerophylla Krivot.; Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS, 17: 73 (1955)
= Festuca regelii Pavlov; Sovetsk. Bot. 1934(1): 19 (1934), nom. nud.
= Festuca simplex Boiss. & Balansa; P. E. Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., II, 4: 138 (1859)
= Festuca tenax Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 87 (1821), pro syn.
= Gnomonia elatior (L.) Lunell; Amer. Midl. Nat., 4: 224 (1915)
= Leucopoa pseudosclerophylla (Krivot.) Bor; Rech. f., Fl. Iranica 70: 73 (1970)
= Lolium festuca Raspail; Ann. Sci. Observ. 2: 244 (1829), pro syn.
= Poa curvata Koeler; Descr. Gramin.: 207 (1802)
= Poa elatior (L.) Moench; Enum. Pl. Hass. 37 (1777), nom. rej.
= Poa phoenix Scop.; Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 74 (1771)
= Poa remota Kunth; Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 163 (1816), nom. illeg.
= Poa tenax Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 87 (1821), nom. illeg.
= Poa uliginosa Willd. ex Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 342 (1824), pro syn.
= Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 106 (1824), nom. cons.
= Schedonorus elatior (L.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99, 156, 177 (1812), nom. rej.
= Schedonorus littoreus (Retz.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 31: 258 (1998)
= Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub; Preslia 70: 113 (1998)
= Tragus elatior (L.) Panz.; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 4: 299 (1813 publ. 1814)
= Tragus loliaceus (Lam.) Panz. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1099 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. cordubensis (Devesa) comb.ined.
Distribution: Spain (Cordoba: Sa. de Horconera)
12 SPA
Remarks: known only from type
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. cordubensis (Devesa) Devesa & Mart.-Sagarra; Acta Bot. Malac. 44: 91 (2019)
= Festuca cordubensis Devesa; Lagascalia, 14(1): 165 (1986)
subspecies :
subsp. orientale (Hack.) G.H.Loos; Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins (2010)
Name: Östlicher Rohr-Schwingel (DE)
Distribution: SE- & EC-Europe; Hungary; Germany (Bayern [I], Hessen, Schleswig-Holstein); Slovakia; Macedonia; Greece (Kiklades); China (Xinjiang); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; European Russia; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Afghanistan (Wakhan, Badghys, Herat, Kabul, Nangarhar, Takhar)
11 GER HUN SLO 13 GRC NMA 14 RUS 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 34 AFG 36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca arundinacea f. orientalis (Hack.) Werner Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 263 (1922)
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. orientalis (Hack.) Tzvelev; Sched. Herb. Fl. URSS : 17 (1970) comb. superfl.
= Festuca elatior ¿subvar. orientalis Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 154 (1882)
= Festuca orientalis (Hack.) V.I.Krecz. & Bobrov; V. L. Kom. (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 531 (1934), nom. illeg.
= Festuca regeliana Pavlov; Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc., Biol., n. s. 47: 80, cum descr. ampl. (1938)
= Lolium arundinaceum subsp. orientale (Hack.) G.H.Loos; 11 (2010)
= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. orientalis (Hack.) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
= Schedonorus arundinaceus var. aristatus (Regel) Tzvelev; Konspekt Fl. Kavkaza (2006)
subspecies :
subsp. uechtritzianum (Wiesb.) M.Hassl.; Fl. German. [M. Hassler & T. Muer] 1675 (2022)
Name: Uechtritz-Rohr-Schwingel (DE)
Distribution: C-Europe; Germany (Bayern [I], Hessen [I], Hessen [I], Sachsen); etc.
11 GER
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. uechtritziana (Wiesb.) Hegi; Ill. Fl. Mitteleur. 1: 345 (1908)
= Festuca arundinacea var. uechtritziana (Wiesb.) Beck; Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 96 (1890)
= Festuca elatior var. uechtritziana (Wiesb.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 155 (1882)
= Festuca uechtritziana f. asperior Podp.; 11 (1922)
= Festuca uechtritziana f. sublaevis Podp.; 11 (1922)
= Festuca uechtritziana ¿subf.angustifolia Podp.; 11 (1922)
= Festuca uechtritziana Wiesb.; Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 28: 218 (1878)
= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. uechtritzianus (Wiesb.) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 37(2): 442 (2007)
= Schedonorus uechtritzianus (Wiesb.) Holub; Preslia, 70(2): 113 (1998)
species :
Lolium atlantigenum (St.-Yves) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 710 (2017)
Distribution: SW-Europe; Morocco; ?Algeria; ?Tunisia; Greece; Crete
13 GRC KRI 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. atlantigenus (St.-Yves) H.Scholz; Ber. Inst. Landschafts Pflanzenökol. Univ. Hohenheim Beih. 16: 74 (2003)
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. atlantigena (St.-Yves) Auquier; Soc. Éch. Pl. Eur. Occ. Médit. 16: 142 (1976)
= Festuca elatior var. atlantigena St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 36 (1922)
= Festuca fenas subsp. atlantigena (St.-Yves) Cebolla & Rivas Ponce; Candollea 58: 195 (2003)
= Festuca elatior var. minutiflora (St.-Yves) Litard.; Candollea 10: 141 (1945)
= Festuca elatior ¿subvar. minutiflora St.-Yves; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 125 (1924)
species :
Lolium canariense Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 340 (1854)
Name: Kanaren-Lolch (DE); Ballico de Canarias (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Cape Verde Isl. (Santo Antao Isl., Ilha de Sao Nicolau, Fogo Isl.); Madeira (Porto Santo)
21 CNY CVI MDR
Synonyms: hidden
= Lolium gracile Parl.; P. B. Webb & S. Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 2(3): 423 (1849), nom. illeg.
= Agropyropsis gracilis (Parl.) A.Camus; Rev. Bot. Appliq., 15: 1050 (1935)
species :
Lolium chayuense (L.Liu) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)
Distribution: Tibet
36 TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca chayuensis L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 387 (2002)
species :
Lolium duratum (B.S.Sun & H.Peng) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca durata B.S.Sun & H.Peng; Guihaia 13(3): 223, f. 1 (1993)
species :
Lolium edwardii H.Scholz, Stierst. & Gaisberg; Feddes Repert., 111(7-8): 561 (2000)
Name: El-Hierro-Lolch (DE); Ballico herreno (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (El Hierro, La Gomera, Tenerife)
21 CNY
species :
Lolium font-queri (St.-Yves) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 712 (2017)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca durissima subsp. bellottii Auquier & Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 17: 82 (1979)
= Festuca font-queri St.-Yves; Font Quer, Iter Marocc., No. 41 (1930), nomen, St.-Yves in Cavanillesia, 3: 5 (1930), descr. (1929)
= Schedonorus font-queri (St.-Yves) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
= Festuca litardierana Vigo; Acta Bot. Barcin., 35: 687 (1983), nom. nov.
= Festuca yvesii Litard.; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord, 14: 337 (1923)
= Festuca yvesii subsp. bellottii (Auquier & Kerguélen) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 120: 102 (1987)
species :
Lolium formosanum (Honda) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 712 (2017)
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca formosana Honda; Bot. Mag., Tokyo, 42: 134 (1928)
species :
Lolium giganteum (L.) Darbysh.; Novon 3(3): 241 (1993)
Name: Riesen-Schwingel (DE), Giant fescue (EN)
Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; England; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Greece; Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Hungary; Italy; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia & Kosovo; Macedonia; Slovenia; Croatia; N-Spain; Norway; Poland; Romania; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; W-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Belarus; Ukraine; Crimea; Sweden; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Siberia (Altai, Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; China (Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); Turkey (E-Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, WN-Anatolia); European Turkey; Iran (N-Iran); Afghanistan (Kunar / Nuristan, Laghman); Pakistan (Chitral, Swat, Hunza); Bhutan; N-India (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Darjeeling); Nepal; Canada [I] (Ontario [I], Québec [I]); USA [I] (W-Michigan [I], SE-New York [I], Massachusetts [I])
10 DEN FIN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 COR FRA SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MNT NMA ROM SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 30 SIB 32 KAZ KGZ TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN TUR 36 CHI 40 BHU IND NEP PAK 72 cdn 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Avena flaccida Hack. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 7: 280 (1896)
= Avena gigantea (L.) Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 23 (1796)
= Bromus aquaticus Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 367 (1789)
= Bromus bonassorum Bornm.; Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 1932-3, 74: 188 (1933)
= Bromus giganteus L.; Sp. PI.: 77 (1753)
= Bromus giganteus var. depauperatus Mutel; Fl. Franç. 4: 131 (1837)
= Bromus giganteus var. hispidus Mutel; Fl. Franç. 4: 131 (1837)
= Bromus giganteus var. triflorus (L.) Hornem.; 18 (1827)
= Bromus giganteus var. triflorus (L.) Sweet; Hort. Brit.: 457 (1826)
= Bromus giganteus var. villosus Koeler; Descr. Gramin.: 214 (1802)
= Bromus glaber Reichard; 19 (1772), nom. illeg.
= Bromus gyganteus Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 390 (1766)
= Bromus longifolius Lyons; Fasc. Pl. Cantabr.: 15 (1763)
= Bromus scheuchzeri C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 4: 79 (1826), nom. superfl.
= Bromus strigosus Lam.; Tabl. Encycl. 1: 191 (1791)
= Bromus triflorus L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 115 (1762)
= Bucetum giganteum (L.) Parn.; Grasses of Scotl. 108 (1842)
= Drymonaetes giganteus Fourr.; Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, N. S. 17: 187 (1869)
= Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.; Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2: 110 (1787)
= Festuca gigantea f. minor Kuvaev; Kuvaev, M. L. Shelgunova & L. K. Konstantinov, Fl. Okrestnostei Znamenskogo: 48 (1992), contrary to Art. 37.4 ICBN (1994)
= Festuca gigantea f. triflora (L.) Werner Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 262 (1922)
= Festuca gigantea f. uliginosa (Schur) Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Roman., 12: 509 (1972)
= Festuca gigantea subsp. triflora (L.) Arcang.; 793 (1882)
= Festuca gigantea var. arcana Stepanov; Fl. N. E. W. Sayan: 127 (2006)
= Festuca gigantea var. czeremossica Zapal.; 182 (1905)
= Festuca gigantea var. glaucescens Zapal.; 182 (1905)
= Festuca gigantea var. pseudololiacea Grantzow; 340 (1880)
= Festuca gigantea var. triflora (L.) Gren. & Godr.; 582 (1856), nom. illeg.
= Festuca gigantea var. triflora (L.) Kunth; 132 (1829)
= Festuca gigantea var. uliginosa Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 798 (1866)
= Festuca pseudogigantea Ovcz. & Shibkova; Fl. Tadjikist. 1: 505 (1957)
= Festuca triflora (L.) Sm.; Engl. Bot.: t. 1918 (1808), nom. illeg.
= Forasaccus giganteus (L.) Bubani; Fl. Pyren. 4: 383 (1901)
= Lolium giganteum (L.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. 2: 750 (1817) [nom. inval., as syn. of Lolium maximum Willd.]
= Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Dumort.; 159 (1827)
= Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Holub; Preslia, 70(2):113 (1998), isonym
= Schedonorus giganteus (L.) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia, 83(2): 86 (1997 publ. 1998), isonym
= Trisetum flaccidum (Hack. ex Hook.f.) R.R.Stewart; Brittonia 5: 431 (1945)
= Zerna gigantea (L.) Panz. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: (1249) 1895
species :
Lolium interruptum (Desf.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)
subspecies :
subsp. interruptum
Name: Fenas-Rohr-Schwingel (DE)
Distribution: Italy; Spain; Baleares; S-France; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Germany [I]
11 ger 12 BAL FRA SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG MOR TUN
Remarks: arundinaceum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachypodium interruptum (Desf.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. 2: 747 (1817)
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. fenas (Lag.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital., ed. 2: 61 (1894)
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. interrupta (Desf.) Tzvelev; Bot. Zhurn., 56 (9): 1253 (1971)
= Festuca elatior var. fenas (Lag.) Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 156 (1882)
= Festuca fenas Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl.: 4 (1816)
= Festuca interrupta Desf.; Fl. Atlant. 1: 89 (1798)
= Lolium arundinaceum subsp. fenas (Lag.) Banfi, Bracchi & Galasso; Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Milano 33(2): 8 (2005)
= Poa fenas (Lag.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 252 (1854)
= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. fenas (Lag.) H.Scholz; Ber. Inst. Landschafts Pflanzenökol. Univ. Hohenheim Beih. (2003)
= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. fenas (Lag.) Tzvelev; Konspekt Fl. Kavkaza (2006), isonym
= Schedonorus interruptus (Desf.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 31: 259 (1998)
subspecies :
subsp. corsicum (Hack.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)
Distribution: Corsica
12 COR
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. corsica (Hack.) Kerguélen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 123: 320 (1976)
= Festuca arundinacea var. corsica (Hack.) Kerguélen; Lejeunia 142: 22 (1993)
= Festuca elatior ¿subvar. corsica Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 157 (1882)
= Lolium arundinaceum subsp. corsicum (Hack.) J.-M.Tison; 224 (2021)
= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. corsicus (Hack.) Foggi & Signorini; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
= Schedonorus interruptus subsp. corsicus (Hack.) Foggi; Arch. Geobot. 10(1-2): 98 (2007)
species :
Lolium letourneuxianum (St.-Yves) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)
Distribution: S- & SE-Europe; Croatia; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Morocco; Algeria; European Russia; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Armenia
13 CRO GRC 14 RUS 20 ALG MOR 33 ARM AZE NCS
Remarks: arundinaceum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca arundinacea var. letourneuxiana (St.-Yves) Torrec. & Catalán; Syst. Bot. 27(2): 243 (2002)
= Festuca arundinacea var. letourneuxii (St.-Yves) Torrec. & Catalán; Syst. Bot. 27: 243 (2002)
= Festuca elatior var. letourneuxii St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 34 (1922)
= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. cirtensis (St.-Yves) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. cirtensis (St.-Yves) Gamisans; Cat. Pl. Vasc. Corse: 63 (1985)
= Festuca elatior var. cirtensis St.-Yves; Candollea 1: 36 (1922)
species :
Lolium liangshanicum (L.Liu) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 714 (2017)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca liangshanica L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 387 (2002)
species :
Lolium mairei (St.-Yves) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 714 (2017)
Distribution: Morocco
20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Schedonorus mairei (St.-Yves) Dobignard; Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. (2010)
= Festuca mairei St.-Yves; Candollea, 1: 45 (1922)
species :
Lolium mazzettianum (E.B.Alexeev) Darbysh.; Novon 3: 241 (1993)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca kunmingensis B.S.Sun; Fl. Yunnan. (2003), nom. nov. superfl.
= Festuca mairei Hack. ex Hand.-Mazz.; Symb. Sin. Pt. VII. 1288 (1936)
= Festuca mazzettiana E.B.Alexeev; Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir., Biol., 82(3): 99 (1977), nom. nov.
= Schedonorus mazzettianus (E.B.Alexeev) Holub; Preslia, 70(2): 113 (1998)
species :
Lolium mediterraneum (Hack.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 714 (2017)
Distribution: Spain; France; Italy; Morocco; Algeria; Libya; Tunisia; ?Egypt; etc.; Germany [I]
11 ger 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA 20 ALG LBY MOR TUN
Remarks: arundinaceum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca arundinacea subsp. mediterranea (Hack.) Franco & Rocha Afonso; Bol. Soc. Brot., 54: 88 1980-(1981 publ. 1980)
= Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens Boiss.; Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 675 (1844)
= Festuca arundinacea var. mediterranea (Hack.) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 509 (1900)
= Festuca elatior ¿subvar. mediterranea Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 154 (1882)
= Festuca mediterranea (Hack.) Rouy; G. Rouy & J. Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 226 (1913)
= Festuca pauneroi Cebolla, López Rodr. & Rivas Ponce; Candollea 58(1): 195 (2003)
= Lolium arundinaceum subsp. mediterraneum (Hack.) Banfi, Bracchi & Galasso; Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Milano 33(2): 8 (2005)
= Lolium arundinaceum var. mediterraneum (Hack.) Jauzein; Biocosme Mésogéen 27(4): 119 (2010)
= Schedonorus arundinaceus subsp. mediterraneus (Hack.) H.Scholz & Valdés; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
= Schedonorus pauneroi (Cebolla, López Rodr. & Rivas Ponce) H.Scholz; Willdenowia 35(2): 243 (2005)
species :
Lolium multiflorum Lam.; Fl. Fr. 3: 621 (1779)
Name: Vielblütiger Lolch, Welsches Weidelgras, Italienisches Raygras (DE); Italian Ryegrass (EN); Ballico italiano (ES)
Distribution: Albania; Baleares; Bulgaria; Corsica; France; Greece; East Aegaean Isl.; Spain; Italy; San Marino; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia & Kosovo; Macedonia; Slovenia; Croatia; Portugal; Romania; Sardinia; Sicily; Austria [I]; Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; England [I]; Channel Isl. [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia; Denmark [I]; Finland [I]; Germany [I]; Ireland [I]; Switzerland; Liechtenstein [I]; Netherlands [I]; Hungary [I]; Norway [I]; Poland [I]; European Russia [I]; Belarus [I]; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Ukraine [I]; Crimea [I]; Sweden [I]; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Siberia (W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Magadan [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Ryukyu Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Taiwan [I]; China (widespread [I]); South Korea [I]; Java; Iles Kerguélen [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Gough Isl. [I]; Mauritania; South Africa [I] (widespread); Mozambique [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; St. Helena [I]; N-Chad (Tibesti); Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SSW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Cyprus; Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); European Turkey; Iran (N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran); Iraq (SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Israel (coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel); Kuwait; Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, NW-Syria); United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Kabul, Parwan); Pakistan (Kurram, Hazara, N.W.Frontier Prov.); India (Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; Libya; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Bhutan [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; New Zealand [I]; Alaska [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Northern Territories [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); Greenland [I]; St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]; Peru [I]; Central America [I]; Ecuador [I]; Chile [I] (Arica y Parinacota [I], Tarapacá [I], Antofagasta [I], Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Argentina [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Guatemala [I]; Colombia [I]; Mexico [I]; Panama [I]; Uruguay [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Jamaica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; El Salvador [I]
10 den fin grb ire nor swe 11 aut bgm cze ger hun lie lux net pol SLO SWI 12 BAL cis COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 blr est kry lat lit rus ukr 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY mdr 22 MTN 24 CHA 26 moz zim 27 saf 28 sth 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 jap kor nns tai 40 bhu IND PAK srl 42 JAW 50 aus 51 auc nzl 63 haw 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos els gua pan 81 bah cub gdl his jam pue 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru 91 keg tdc
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca temulenta (L.) J.P.Sm. & Columbus; Aliso 29(1): 51 (2011)
= Lolium aristatum Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl.: 5 (1816), nom. superfl.
= Lolium compositum Thuill.; Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 62 (1799)
= Lolium elongatum Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 35 (1853), pro syn.
= Lolium gaudinii Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 532 (1850), pro syn.
= Lolium italicum A.Braun; Flora, 17: (1834) 259, nom. illeg.
= Lolium italicum var. compositum Murr; 66 (1894)
= Lolium italicum var. cristatum Murr; 48 (1897), nom. inval.
= Lolium italicum var. muticum Döll; Fl. Bras. 2(3): 237 (1880)
= Lolium italicum var. muticum Harz; 1343 (1885)
= Lolium lesdainii Sennen; Mem. Real Acad. Ci. Bracelona, III, 20(14): 10 (1928), nom. nud.
= Lolium multiflorum f. compositum Hegi; 379 (1908)
= Lolium multiflorum f. muticum (DC.) Werner Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 269 (1922)
= Lolium multiflorum subsp. gaudinii (Asch. & Graebn.) Schinz & R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz, ed. 2, 1: 65 (1905)
= Lolium multiflorum subsp. italicum (A.Braun) Schinz & R.Keller; Fl. Schweiz, ed. 2, 1: 65 (1905)
= Lolium multiflorum var. aristatum Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afr. Nord 3: 290 (1955)
= Lolium multiflorum var. aristatum Rchb.; II (1833), nom. inval.
= Lolium multiflorum var. gaudinii Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 758 (1901)
= Lolium multiflorum var. italicum (A.Braun) Beck; Wiss. Mitt. Bosn.-Herzegowin. Landesmus., Heft C, Naturwiss. 9: 459.
= Lolium multiflorum var. muticum Rchb.; II (1833), nom. inval.
= Lolium multiflorum var. ramosum (Guss.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 799 (1882)
= Lolium multiflorum var. siculum (Parl.) Maire; Cat. Maroc.: 945 (1941)
= Lolium multiflorum var. submuticum Mutel; Fl. Franç. 4: 139 (1837)
= Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum Mansh.
= Lolium osiridis Fig. & Delile ex Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 47 (1853), pro syn.
= Lolium perenne subsp. boucheanum (Kunth) Rouy; G. Rouy & J. Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 307 (1913)
= Lolium perenne subsp. italicum (Braun) Husn.; Graminées: 85 (1899)
= Lolium perenne subsp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husn.; Graminées: 85 (1899)
= Lolium perenne var. aristatum Willd.; Sp. Pl. 1: 462 (1797), nom. nud.
= Lolium perenne var. italicum (A.Braun) Parn.; Grass. Scotland 1(1): 142, pl. 65 (1842)
= Lolium perenne var. multiflorum (Lam.) Homann; 68 (1828)
= Lolium perenne var. multiflorum (Lam.) Parn.; 302, pl. 140 (1845)
= Lolium scabrum J.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 267 (1830)
= Lolium siculum Parl.; Fl. Palerm. 1: 252 (1845)
= Lolium temulentum Bertero ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 65 (1841), pro syn.
= Lolium temulentum var. multiflorum (Lam.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 779 (1891)
= Lolium temulentum var. ramosum Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 152 (1827)
= Lolium westerwoldicum (Mansh.) Breakw.; Grass. Fodder Pl. N. S. W.: 171 (1923), pro syn.
species :
Lolium perenne L.; Sp. PI.: 83 (1753)
subspecies :
subsp. perenne
Name: Ausdauernder Lolch, Deutsches Weidelgras, Englisches Raygras (DE); Englisches Raygras; Perennial Ryegrass (EN); Cesped ingles (ES)
Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; Baleares ; England; Channel Isl.; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; Faeroe Isl. [I]; Finland [I]; France; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Spain; Andorra [I]; Hungary; Italy; San Marino; Iceland [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia & Kosovo; Macedonia; Slovenia; Croatia; Portugal; Malta; Norway; Poland; Romania; Sardinia; Sicily; Sweden; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; W-European Russia; N-European Russia; C-European Russia; E-European Russia; Crimea; Belarus; Ukraine; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, W-Siberia); Russian Far East [I] (Amur [I], Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Costa Rica [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Taiwan [I]; China (widespread [I]); South Korea [I]; Java [I]; Auckland Isl. [I]; Falkland Isl. [I]; Tristan da Cunha [I]; tropical Africa; Mauritania; Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; Libya; Peru [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Lesotho [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; Campbell Isl. [I]; Central America [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; peninsular Malaysia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Chile [I] (Atacama [I], Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Maule [I], Ñuble [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I], Aisén [I], Magallanes [I]); Juan Fdz. Isl. [I]; Easter Isl. [I]; Argentina [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Guatemala [I]; Honduras [I]; Mexico [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Colombia [I]; Uruguay [I]; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); La Réunion [I]; Mauritius [I]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Bahrain; Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Greece; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Egypt (Desert Oases, Eastern Desert, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); European Turkey; Iran (EC-Iran, N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia); Israel (N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Saudi Arabia (NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert, W-Syrian Mountains); United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen); Afghanistan (Herat, Parwan); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram, Swat, Hazara, Murree, Mirpur); N-India (Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Meghalaya, Sik- kim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh); Nepal; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Sao Miguel Isl., Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores Isl., Corvo Isl.); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro); Hawaii [I] (Haleakala Natl. Park [I], Ka`ono`ulu [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Bhutan [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Iles Kerguélen [I]; Alaska [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Northern Territories [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); Greenland [I]; St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]
10 DEN fin for GRB ice IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 ado BAL CIS COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est KRY lat lit RUS UKR 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY mdr SEL 22 MTN 26 zim 27 les saf 29 cgs mau reu 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ TKM TZK 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 BAR SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 38 jap kor tai 40 bhu IND NEP PAK srl 42 jaw mly 50 aus nfk 51 auc ctm nzl 61 eas 63 haw 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos gua hon pan 81 bah his pue 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle jnf uru 91 cmp fal keg tdc
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca perennis (L.) Columbus & J.P.Sm.; Aliso 28: 66 (2010)
= Hordeum compressum Boiss. & Orph.; P. E. Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 681 (1884), pro syn.
= Lolium aechicum Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 35 (1853) orth. var.
= Lolium agreste Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. 2: 748 (1817), pro syn.
= Lolium brasilianum Nees; Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 443 (1829)
= Lolium canadense Bernh. ex Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 27 (1853), pro syn.
= Lolium cechicum Opiz; B. V. von Berchtold & P. M. Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 1: 379 (1836)
= Lolium compressum Boiss. & Orph. ex Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 845 (1859), pro syn.
= Lolium cristatum (Pers.) Godr.; 612 (1865), nom. inval.
= Lolium cristatum Pers. ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 108 (1894), pro syn.
= Lolium felix Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 25 (1853), nom. superfl.
= Lolium glumosum Planellas; Fl. Gallega: 409 (1852)
= Lolium gmelinii Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl.: 328 (1782)
= Lolium halleri C.C.Gmel.; Fl. Bad. 1: 271 (1805)
= Lolium jechelianum Opiz; Lotos, 2: (1852) 229, Seznam, 60
= Lolium latum Roth ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot.: 492 (1821), pro syn.
= Lolium marschallii Steven; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 30(3): 103 (1857)
= Lolium montevidense Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 33 (1853), pro syn.
= Lolium perenne f. compositum (Thuill.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 561 (1891)
= Lolium perenne f. orgiale (Döll) Werner Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 268 (1922)
= Lolium perenne f. tenue (L.) Sagorski & Gus.Schneider; 561 (1891)
= Lolium perenne monstr.compositum (Thuill.) Vollm.; 90 (1914)
= Lolium perenne subsp. cristatum (Pers.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 50 (1834)
= Lolium perenne subsp. euperenne Syme; 185 (1877), nom. inval.
= Lolium perenne subsp. furcatum (Billot ex Godr.) K.Richt.; 120 (1890)
= Lolium perenne subsp. ramosum Schübl. & G.Martens; 50 (1834)
= Lolium perenne subsp. stoloniferum (C.Lawson) Wipff; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 4(2): 683 (2010)
= Lolium perenne subsp. tenue (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens; 50 (1834)
= Lolium perenne var. aristatum Bab.; 377 (1843)
= Lolium perenne var. aristulatum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 812 (1866)
= Lolium perenne var. brasilianum (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 355 (1898)
= Lolium perenne var. compositum Schrad.; 397 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Lolium perenne var. compressum Sibth.; Fl. Oxon.: 50 (1794)
= Lolium perenne var. cristatum Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 110 (1805)
= Lolium perenne var. furcatum Billot ex Godr.; 612 (1856)
= Lolium perenne var. latum H.Mart.; 24 (1817)
= Lolium perenne var. multiflorum J.J.Schmitz & Regel; 53 (1841)
= Lolium perenne var. orgiale Döll; 116 (1855)
= Lolium perenne var. orgyale Asch.; 877, var. orthogr. (1864)
= Lolium perenne var. pacyi Sturtev.; New York Bot. Gard. Annual Rep (1882)(1): 77. 1883. [nom. nud.]
= Lolium perenne var. paleaceum Döll; 116 (1855)
= Lolium perenne var. ramosum Pers.; 110 (1805)
= Lolium perenne var. ramosum Schumach.; Enum. Pl. Saell. 1: 36 (1801)
= Lolium perenne var. tenue (L.) Huds.; Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 55 (1778)
= Lolium perenne var. tenue (L.) Schrad.; 397 (1806)
= Lolium perenne var. triflorum Jess.; 566 (1879)
= Lolium perenne var. viviparum Pohl; 120 (1809)
= Lolium perenne var. viviparum Schrad.; 398 (1806), nom. inval.
= Lolium perenne var. vulgare Schrad.; 397 (1806), nom. inval.
= Lolium pseudoitalicum Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 812 (1866), pro syn.
= Lolium repens Honck.; Verz. Gew. Teutschl.: 328 (1782)
= Lolium rigidum var. compressum (Boiss.) Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 680 (1884)
= Lolium rosetlanum Fig. & Delile ex Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 31 (1853), pro syn.
= Lolium strictum var. compressum Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient., II, 4: 144 (1859)
= Lolium tenue L.; 122 (1762)
= Lolium tenue L.; Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 122 (1762)
= Lolium vulgare Host; Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 1: t. 25 (1801)
subspecies :
subsp. trabutii (Hochr.) Dobignard; J. Bot. Soc. Bot. France 46-47: 113 (2009)
Distribution: Algeria; Morocco
20 ALG MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Lolium trabutii Hochr.; Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 7-8: 123 (1904)
species :
Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. ex Boiss.; Diagn. ser. 1, 13: 66 (1854)
Name: Persian ryegrass (EN); Persischer Lolch (DE)
Distribution: Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, E-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran, N-Iran); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamian lowlands); Israel (N-Israel); Kuwait; Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia, Asir); Syria (NW-Syria, Jbel Druze); United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen); Soqotra; Afghanistan (Badakshan, Badghys, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Farah, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar, Nangarhar, Paktia / Khost, Parwan, Samangan, Takhar); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Quetta, Kurram, Peshawar, Gilgit); European Russia [I]; Belarus [I]; Armenia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Northern Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Russian Far East [I] (Primorye [I]); China (Gansu, Hebei, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang); Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan; USA [I] (Colorado [I], Missouri [I], Montana [I], North Dakota [I], New York [I], Wyoming [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I]); Germany [I]
11 ger 14 blr rus 24 SOC 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ ISR LEB SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 40 PAK 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa
Synonyms: hidden
= Lolium dorei Boivin; Natur. Canad. 94: 525 (1967)
= Lolium dorei var. laeve B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 94: 526 (1967)
= Lolium rigidum var. duthiei Hack. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 7: 364 (1896)
= Lolium temulentum var. gracile Regel; Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 593 (1881)
species :
Lolium pluriflorum (Schult.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 714 (2017)
Distribution: Greece; Crete
13 GRC KRI
Synonyms: hidden
= Schedonorus pratensis subsp. pluriflorus (Schult.) H.Scholz; Ber. Inst. Landschafts Pflanzenökol. Univ. Hohenheim Beih. (2003)
= Festuca pluriflora Schult.; J. J. Roem. & Schult., Mant. 2: 402 (1824)
= Schedonorus pluriflorus (Schult.) Bergmeier & H.Scholz; Willdenowia 41(1): 174 (2011)
= Festuca multiflora C.Presl; Cyper. Gramin. Sicul.: 37 (1820), nom. illeg.
= Festuca elatior var. sicula Parl.; Fl. Ital. 1: 455 (1850)
species :
Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh.; Novon 3(3): 242 (1993)
Name: Wiesen-Schwingel (DE), Meadow Fescue (EN)
Distribution: Albania; Austria; Belgium; Luxembourg; England; Channel Isl.; Bulgaria; Corsica; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Denmark; Faeroe Isl.; Finland; France; Germany (Brandenburg, Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Greece; Crete; Ireland; Switzerland; Liechtenstein; Netherlands; Hungary; Italy; San Marino; Iceland; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia & Kosovo; Macedonia; Slovenia; Croatia; Malta; Norway; Poland; Romania; Sardinia; Sicily; Sweden; N-Spain; Belarus; Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania; Crimea; C-European Russia; N-European Russia; S-European Russia; NW-European Russia; E-European Russia; Ukraine; Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Kyrgyzstan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Japan [I] (Hokkaido [I], Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); Siberia (Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, W-Siberia, Yakutia); Russian Far East [I] (Kamchatka [I], Khabarovsk [I], Kuril Isl. [I], Magadan [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); China (Guizhou, Jiangsu, Jilin, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan); South Korea [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Tasmania [I]); Algeria [I]; Argentina [I]; Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia); Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Lebanon (C-Lebanon); Afghanistan (Badakshan, Bamyan, Ghazni, Kabul, Wardak, Paktia / Khost, Parwan); Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram); Azores (Faial); Alaska [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Colorado [I], Connecticut [I], District of Columbia [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], Nebraska [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], Nevada [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], Wisconsin [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Labrador [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Nova Scotia [I], Ontario [I], Prince Edward Isl. [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); Greenland [I]; St. Pierre et Miquelon [I]
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB ICE IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN LIE LUX NET POL SLO SWI 12 CIS COR FRA SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MLT MNT NMA ROM SIC SLV SMA SRB 14 BLR EST KRY LAT LIT RUS UKR 20 alg 21 AZO 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ KGZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG IRN IRQ LEB TUR 36 CHI 38 jap kor 40 PAK 50 aus 70 ask cdn gnl 71 cdn 72 cdn spm 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 arg
Synonyms: hidden
= Bromus pratensis (Huds.) Schltdl.; 63 (1823), nom. illeg.
= Bromus pratensis (Huds.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 359 (1825)
= Bucetum pratense (Huds.) Parn.; Grasses of Scotl. 105 (1842)
= Festuca americana (Pers.) F.Dietr.; Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 3: 332 (1817)
= Festuca arctica Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 799 (1866), nom. inval.
= Festuca elatior subsp. pratensis (Huds.) Celak.; 51 (1867)
= Festuca elatior subsp. pratensis (Huds.) Hack.; Bot. Centralbl. 8: 407 (1881), et Monogr. Festuc. Eur. 150 (1882)
= Festuca elatior subsp. pseudololiacea (Fr.) K.Richt.; 101 (1890)
= Festuca elatior var. fasciculata Sond.; 64 (1851)
= Festuca elatior var. macrostachya Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 799 (1866)
= Festuca elatior var. mucronata Schur; Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 799 (1866)
= Festuca elatior var. multiflora Hack.; Monogr. Festuc. Eur.: 152 (1882)
= Festuca elatior var. podolica Zapal.; 181 (1905)
= Festuca elatior var. pratensis (Huds.) A.Gray; Manual (ed. 5) 634 (1867)
= Festuca elatior var. pseudololiacea (Fr.) Asch.; 854 (1864)
= Festuca elatior var. subaristata Zapal.; 181 (1905)
= Festuca fluitans var. pratensis (Huds.) Huds.; Fl. Angl (ed. 2) 47 (1778)
= Festuca glabra Spreng.; Syst. Veg. 1: 353 (1824), nom. illeg.
= Festuca poaeoides var. americana Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 94 (1805) [nom. nov.]
= Festuca pooides Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 67 (1803), nom. illeg. (´poaeoides´)
= Festuca pooides var. americana Pers.; Syn. Pl. 1: 94 (1805)
= Festuca pratensis f. fasciculata (Sond.) Werner Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 263 (1922)
= Festuca pratensis Huds.; Fl. Angl. 37 (1762)
= Festuca pratensis subsp. racemosa Schübl. & G.Martens; 82 (1834)
= Festuca pratensis var. loliacea Jess.; 565 (1879), nom. illeg.
= Festuca pratensis var. pinnata Klett & Richt.; 101 (1830)
= Festuca pratensis var. simplex Hampe; 11 (1836), nom. inval.
= Festuca pubescens Prodan; Bul. Sti. Acad. Republ. Populare Romîne, Sect. Biol. Sti. Agric. Ser. Bot. 9: 289 (1957), nom. illeg.
= Festuca radicans (Dumort.) Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 309 (1854)
= Poa curvata Koeler; 207 (1802)
= Poa intermedia Koeler; Descr. Gramin.: 303 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Schedonorus americanus (Pers.) Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. 2: 706 (1817)
= Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr. 99, 163, 177 (1812)
= Schedonorus radicans Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 106 (1824)
= Tragus pratensis (Huds.) Panz.; Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 4: 299 (1813 publ. 1814)
species :
Lolium remotum Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 382 (1789)
Name: Lein-Lolch (DE); Jollocizana de lino (ES)
Distribution: Germany (+Brandenburg, +Berlin, +Baden-Württemberg, +Bayern, +Hessen, +Hamburg, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, +Niedersachsen, +Nordrhein-Westfalen, +Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, +Saarland, +Sachsen, +Sachsen-Anhalt, +Thüringen); +France; +Switzerland; +Austria; Croatia [I]; Slovenia [I]; England [I]; Ireland [I]; Slovakia [I]; +Belgium [I]; Luxembourg [I]; +Netherlands [I]; Spain [I]; Hungary [I]; Algeria [I]; European Russia; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Belarus; Siberia [I] (Irkutsk [I], Krasnoyarsk [I]); Russian Far East [I] (Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I]); Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; China [I] (Heilongjiang [I], Xinjiang [I]); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I]); Argentina [I]; Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Pico); Canary Isl. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Pakistan (Pakistani Punjab); NW-India; Canada [I] (Newfoundland [I], Ontario [I]); New Zealand [I]
10 grb ire 11 AUT bgm GER hun lux net slo SWI 12 FRA spa 13 cro slv 14 BLR est lat lit RUS 20 alg 21 AZO CNY 30 sib 31 rfe 32 KAZ UZB 36 chi 40 IND PAK 50 aus 51 nzl 72 cdn 85 arg
Remarks: temulentum agg. Worldwide extinct (formerly in flax cultures) but survives in cultivation (botanical gardens)
Synonyms: hidden
= Lolium arvense Schrad.; 399 (1806) non With.
= Lolium complanatum Schrad.; Neues J. Bot. 4: 73 (1810)
= Lolium linicola A.Braun; Flora 17: 258 (1834), pro syn., nom. inval.
= Lolium linicola Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch; 957 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Lolium linicola subsp. pseudolinicola (Gennari) K.Richt.; 121 (1890)
= Lolium linicola var. aristatum Döll; 113 (1855)
= Lolium linicola var. complanatum (Schrad.) W.D.J.Koch; 957 (1844)
= Lolium remotum f. aristatum (Döll) Werner Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 268 (1922)
= Lolium remotum f. asperum (Roth) Asch.; 876 (1864)
= Lolium remotum f. laeve Asch.; 876 (1864)
= Lolium remotum ¿subf.complanatum (Schrad.) Werner Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 268 (1922)
= Lolium remotum ¿subvar. asperum (Roth) Hegi; 378 (1908)
= Lolium remotum var. aristatum (Döll) Asch.; 876 (1864)
= Lolium remotum var. complanatum (Schrad.) Asch.; 876 (1864)
= Lolium sonderi Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 47 (1853)
= Lolium temulentum f. arvense (With.) Asch.; 876 (1864)
= Lolium temulentum subsp. remotum (Schrank) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Folia Geobot. Phytotax., 10(3): 273 (1975)
= Lolium temulentum var. arvense (With.) Bab.; 377 (1843)
= Lolium temulentum var. linicola Jess.; 566 (1879)
species :
Lolium rigidum Gaudin; Agrost. Helv. 1: 334 (1811)
subspecies :
subsp. rigidum
Name: Steifer Lolch (DE); Rigid Ryegrass (EN); Ballico rigido (ES)
Distribution: Albania; Bulgaria; Corsica; France; Channel Isl. [I]; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Switzerland; Spain; Baleares (Mallorca, Ibiza, Menorca [I]); Gibraltar; Italy; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia & Kosovo; Macedonia; Slovenia; Croatia; Czech Republic; Portugal; Crimea; Belarus; Sardinia; Sicily; Germany [I]; European Russia; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Russian Far East [I] (Khabarovsk [I], Primorye [I]); Turkmenistan; China (Gansu, Henan); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); tropical Africa [I]; Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; Libya; South Africa [I] (widespread); Namibia [I]; St. Helena [I]; Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], O´Higgins [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Magallanes [I]); Turkey (E-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia: Mesopotamian Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, SE-Cyprus, SW-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, Nile Valley, NW-coastal Egypt); European Turkey; Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Israel (C-Israel, coastal W-Israel, Rift Valley, N-Israel, N-Negev Desert, Judean Desert, Negev Desert); Jordania (S-Jordania, W-Jordania); Kuwait; Lebanon (Antilebanon, C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Cyprus (E-Cyprus); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, NE-Saudi Arabia); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); United Arab Emirates; Qatar; Yemen (W-Yemen); Afghanistan (Wakhan, Badghys, Bamyan, Farah, Helmand, Kabul); Pakistan (Quetta, Chitral); NW-India (Jammu & Kashmir); Azores (Santa Maria Isl., Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl., Ilhas Desertas); Canary Isl. (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Gomera, Hierro, La Palma Isl.); Sri Lanka [I]; New Zealand [I]; Chatham Isl. [I]; USA [I] (Arizona [I], California [I], Louisiana [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Oregon [I], Texas [I]); Canada [I] (Manitoba [I])
11 CZE ger SWI 12 BAL cis COR FRA GIB POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KRI MNT NMA SIC SLV SRB TUE 14 BLR KRY RUS 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR 27 nam saf 28 sth 31 rfe 32 TKM 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW QAT SAU UAE YEM 36 CHI 40 IND PAK srl 50 aus lhi nfk 51 ctm nzl 71 cdn 73 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 85 arg cle
Synonyms: hidden
= Arthrochortus loliaceus Lowe; Hook. Kew J. 8: 301 (1856)
= Festuca aleppica Hochst. ex Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 302 (1854)
= Lolium arenarium Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 38 (1853)
= Lolium crassiculme Rech. f. [Denkschr.Akad.Wiss.Wien, Math.-Naturwiss.Kl.105: 175 (1943)]
= Lolium cylindricum K.Koch; Linnaea, 21: 434 (1848)
= Lolium durum K.Koch; Linnaea, 21: 434 (1848)
= Lolium flagellare Spruner ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 680 (1884), pro syn.
= Lolium humile Rouy; G. Rouy & J. Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 309 (1913)
= Lolium husnotii Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 74: 408 (1927), nom. nud.
= Lolium lowei Menezes; Gramin. Arch. Madeira, 47 (1906)
= Lolium macilentum Delastre; Fl. Vienne: 498 (1842)
= Lolium multiflorum var. muticum DC.; Fl. Franç., ed. 3, 5: 286 (1816)
= Lolium multiflorum var. rigidum (Gaudin) Trab.; J. A. Batt. & L. C. Trab., Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 238 (1895)
= Lolium parabolicae Sennen; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 68: 408 (1922), nomen, ex Samp., Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 2, 1: 125 (1921)
= Lolium perenne subsp. rigidum (Gaudin) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 10: 273 (1975)
= Lolium perenne var. rigidum (Gaudin) Coss. & Durieu; Durieu, Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 194 (1855)
= Lolium phoenice Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 36 (1853)
= Lolium rigidum subsp. parabolicae (Sennen ex Samp.) O.Bolòs & Vigo; Fl. Països Catalans 4: 362 (2001), nom. inval.
= Lolium rigidum var. aristatum Hack.; Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 13: 530 (1906)
= Lolium rigidum var. corsicum Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse: 180 (1910)
= Lolium rigidum var. duthiei Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India 7: 364 (1896)
= Lolium rigidum var. glabrum Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza, ed. 2, 1: 319 (1939)
= Lolium rigidum var. maritimum (Godr.) Briq.; Prodr. Fl. Corse: 179 (1910)
= Lolium rigidum var. oliganthum (Godr.) Maire & Weiller; Fl. Afr. Nord 3: 245 (1955)
= Lolium rigidum var. perenne Grossh.; Fl. Kavkaza, ed. 2, 1: 319 (1939)
= Lolium rigidum var. rottboellioides Heldr. ex Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 680 (1884)
= Lolium rigidum var. subteres Maire & Weiller; Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 31: 208 (1941)
= Lolium rigidum var. tenue (Godr.) T.Durand & Schinz; Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 933 (1894)
= Lolium rigidum var. teres (H.Lindb.) Maire; Cat. Maroc.: 866 (1934)
= Lolium rigidum var. transiens Burollet; Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Maroc 16: 126 (1937)
= Lolium strictum C.Presl; Cyper. Gramin. Sicul.: 49 (1820)
= Lolium strictum Decker ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 65 (1841), pro syn.
= Lolium strictum var. maritimum Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France 3: 613 (1856)
= Lolium strictum var. tenue Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France 3: 613 (1856)
= Lolium suffultum Sieber ex Huter; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 58: 33 (1908), nom. nud.
= Lolium temulentum var. oliganthum Godr.; Gren. & Godr., Fl. France 3: 615 (1856)
= Lolium teres H.Lindb.; Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn., Ser. B, Opera Biol. 1(2): 19 (1932)
= Monerma stricta (J.Presl) J.Presl ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 156 (1841), pro syn.
subspecies :
subsp. lepturoides (Boiss.) Sennen & Mauricio; Cat. Fl. Rif Or. 135 (1933)
Distribution: Sicily; to; Crimea; Croatia; Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl.; Albania; Azerbaijan; Georgia [Caucasus]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); Lord Howe Isl. [I]; Turkey (SSW-Anatolia); Cyprus (N-Cyprus, C-Mountains); Egypt (Desert Oases, Nile Delta); Iran (NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan); Iraq (NW-Iraq); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Lebanon (coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria); Madeira [I] (Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Morocco; Algeria; Libya; Bolivia [I]
13 ALB CRO GRC KRI SIC 14 KRY 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR 21 mdr 33 AZE GEO 34 CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SYR TUR 50 aus lhi 83 bol
Synonyms: hidden
= Crypturus loliaceus (Bory & Chaub) Link; Linnaea 17: 387 (1844)
= Lolium lepturoides Boiss.; Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 67 (1854), nom. superfl.
= Lolium loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Hand.-Mazz.; Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28: 32 (1914)
= Lolium rigidum var. loliaceum (Bory & Chaub.) Halácsy; Consp. Fl. Graec. 3: 446 (1904)
= Lolium subulatum Vis.; Fl. Dalmat. 1: 90, pl. 3 (1842)
= Lolium temulentum var. subulatum (Vis.) Husn.; Graminées: 86 (1899)
= Rottboellia loliacea Bory & Chaub.; Exped. Mor. 46. t. 3. f. 2 (1832)
subspecies :
subsp. negevense Feinbrun; Fl. Palaestina, 4: 397, 232 (1986)
Distribution: Israel; Sinai peninsula
34 ISR SIN
species :
Lolium saxatile H.Scholz & S.Scholz; Willdenowia 35(2): 281 (2005)
Name: Felsen-Lolch (DE); Ballico de risco (ES)
Distribution: Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Lanzarote)
21 CNY
species :
Lolium scabriflorum Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 715 (2017)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan); Tibet
36 CHI TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca scabriflora L.Liu; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 387 (2003), nom. illeg.
species :
Lolium scholzii Greuter; Bocconea 25: 111 (2012)
Distribution: Greece
13 GRC
species :
Lolium temulentum L.; Sp. PI.: 83 (1753)
Name: Taumel-Lolch (DE); Darnel Ryegrass (EN); Cizana comun (ES)
Distribution: Luxembourg; Germany (+Brandenburg, +Berlin, Baden-Württemberg [I], +Bayern, +Hessen, +Hamburg, +Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, +Niedersachsen, +Nordrhein-Westfalen, +Rheinland-Pfalz, +Schleswig-Holstein, +Saarland, +Sachsen, +Sachsen-Anhalt, +Thüringen); Albania; Slovenia; Croatia; Slovakia; Channel Isl. [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Switzerland; Austria; France; Corsica; Italy; San Marino; Sardinia; Spain; Baleares (Mallorca, Menorca [I]); Portugal; Hungary; Romania; Serbia; Kosovo; Montenegro; Macedonia; Bulgaria; European Russia; Northern Caucasus; Armenia; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Estonia [I]; Latvia [I]; Lithuania [I]; Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Tuva); Russian Far East [I] (Kuril Isl. [I], Primorye [I], Sakhalin [I]); Kazakhstan; Turkmenistan; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NW-Anatolia: Bithynia, SE-Anatolia, SSW-Anatolia, SW-Anatolia, W-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Cyprus (C-Mountains, E-Cyprus, N-Cyprus, S-Cyprus, W-Cyprus); Greece (incl. Kiklades); Crete; East Aegaean Isl. (incl. Rhodos); Egypt (Desert Oases, NE-Egypt, Nile Delta, NW-coastal Egypt); European Turkey; Iran (E-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, S-Iran, W-Iran); Iraq (NE-Iraq, NW-Iraq, SE-Iraq: Mesopotamia, S-Iraq, W-Iraq: Desert); Israel (Rift Valley, N-Israel, coastal W-Israel); Jordania (W-Jordania); Kuwait; Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Saudi Arabia (Asir); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai, N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Syria (C-Syrian Desert, Jazira, Jbel Druze, W-Syrian Mountains); United Arab Emirates; Yemen (W-Yemen, SW-Yemen); Afghanistan (Baghlan, Balkh, Ghorat, Kandahar, Qunduz, Takhar); Pakistan (Sind, Baluchistan, Kurram, N.W.Frontier Prov., Chitral, Pakistani Punjab, Hazara, Murree, Azad Kashmir, Mirpur); India (Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand); Bhutan [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Nepal [I]; Azores (Sao Miguel Isl., Graciosa, Pico, Faial); Madeira (Madeira Isl., Porto Santo Isl.); Islas Selvagens; Canary Isl. (Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Hierro); Hawaii [I] (Oahu [I]); New Zealand [I]; Alaska [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Arizona [I], California [I], Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Iowa [I], Idaho [I], Illinois [I], Kansas [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maryland [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Minnesota [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], Montana [I], North Carolina [I], North Dakota [I], New Jersey [I], New Mexico [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Oklahoma [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], South Dakota [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Washington State [I], West Virginia [I], Wyoming [I]); Canada [I] (Alberta [I], British Columbia [I], Manitoba [I], New Brunswick [I], Newfoundland [I], Ontario [I], Québec [I], Saskatchewan [I], Yukon [I]); Japan [I] (Honshu [I], Shikoku [I], Kyushu [I]); China [I]; South Korea [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I], Tasmania [I]); Java [I]; tropical Africa [I]; Soqotra; Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; Libya; Peru [I]; South Africa [I] (widespread); Mozambique [I]; Zimbabwe [I]; Lesotho [I]; La Réunion [I]; Mauritius [I]; Central America [I]; South Georgia Isl. [I]; Ecuador [I]; Chile [I] (Coquimbo [I], Valparaíso [I], Metropolitana de Santiago [I], Biobío [I], Araucanía [I], Los Rios [I], Los Lagos [I]); Argentina [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]; Guatemala [I]; Mexico [I]; Panama [I]; Uruguay [I]; Colombia [I]; Cuba [I]
11 AUT GER HUN LUX SLO SWI 12 BAL cis COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BIH BUL CRO GRC ITA KOS KRI MNT NMA ROM SLV SMA SRB TUE 14 BLR est lat lit RUS 20 ALG EGY LBY MOR TUN 21 AZO CNY MDR SEL 24 SOC 26 moz zim 27 les saf 29 mau reu 30 SIB 31 rfe 32 KAZ TKM TZK UZB 33 ARM AZE GEO NCS 34 AFG CYP EAI IRN IRQ ISR JOR LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 KUW SAU UAE YEM 36 chi 38 jap kor 40 bhu IND nep PAK srl 42 jaw 50 aus 51 nzl 63 haw 70 ask cdn 71 cdn 72 cdn 73 usa 74 usa 75 usa 76 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 gua pan 81 cub 82 clm 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg cle uru 91 sge
Remarks: temulentum agg.
Synonyms: hidden
= Bromus temulentus Bernh.; Syst. Verz. Erf.: 47 (1800)
= Craepalia temulenta (L.) Schrank; Baier. Fl. 1: 382 (1789)
= Lolium aegyptiacum Bellardi ex Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 43 (1853), pro syn.
= Lolium album Steud.; Nomencl. Bot.: 493 (1821), pro syn.
= Lolium annuum L.; 11 (1754)
= Lolium annuum Lam.; Fl. Franç. 3: 620 (1778)
= Lolium arvense With.; Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 3, 2: 168 (1796)
= Lolium asperum Roth ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 436 (1833), pro syn.
= Lolium berteronianum Steud.; Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 340 (1854)
= Lolium cuneatum Nevski; V. L. Kom. (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 547 (1934)
= Lolium decipiens Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 98 (1824)
= Lolium giganteum Roem. & Schult.; Syst. Veg. 2: 750 (1817), pro syn.
= Lolium gracile Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 99 (1824)
= Lolium gracile Hegetschw.; Fl. Schweiz: 105 (1839), nom. illeg.
= Lolium gussonei Nyman; Consp. Fl. Eur.: 844 (1882), pro syn.
= Lolium infelix Rouville; Monogr. Lolium: 38 (1853)
= Lolium longiglume St.-Lag.; Cariot, Etud. des fl. ed. 8 2: 955 (1889)
= Lolium lucidum Dumort.; Observ. Gramin. Belg.: 98 (1824)
= Lolium maximum Guss.; Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 60 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Lolium maximum Willd.; Sp. Pl. 1: 462 (1797)
= Lolium pseudolinicola Gennari; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2: 97 (1870)
= Lolium remotum f. asperum Anghel & Beldie; Fl. Republ. Social. Român. 12: 572 (1972)
= Lolium robustum Rchb.; Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1: 2 (1834)
= Lolium speciosum Steven ex M.Bieb.; Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 80 (1808)
= Lolium speciosum var. scabrum W.D.J.Koch; 957 (1844), nom. inval.
= Lolium temulentum f. arvense (With.) Werner Christ.; J. A. Christ. & al., 268 (1922)
= Lolium temulentum f. leptochaeton (A.Braun) Wirtg.; 536 (1857)
= Lolium temulentum f. macrochaeton (A.Braun) Wirtg.; 535 (1857)
= Lolium temulentum f. robustum (Rchb.) Asch.; 876 (1864)
= Lolium temulentum f. subaristatum Zapal.; 195 (1905)
= Lolium temulentum subsp. arvense (With.) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast., 8: 75 (1971)
= Lolium temulentum subsp. cuneatum (Nevski) Tzvelev; Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 75 (1971)
= Lolium temulentum subsp. gussonei (Parl.) K.Richt.; 121 (1890)
= Lolium temulentum subsp. oliganthum (Gren. & Godr.) K.Richt.; 121 (1890)
= Lolium temulentum subsp. speciosum (M.Bieb.) Gremli; 435 (1874)
= Lolium temulentum subsp. speciosum (Steven ex M.Bieb.) Arcang.; Comp. Fl. Ital.: 799 (1882)
= Lolium temulentum ¿subvar. robustum (Rchb.) Hegi; 376 (1908)
= Lolium temulentum ¿subvar. speciosum (M.Bieb.) Suess.; 482 (1936)
= Lolium temulentum var. album (Huds.) Asch.; 876 (1864)
= Lolium temulentum var. arvense (With.) Lilj.; Utkast Sv. Fl., ed. 3: 80 (1816)
= Lolium temulentum var. arvense (With.) Moritzi; 59 (1832)
= Lolium temulentum var. gussonei Parl.; 535 (1850)
= Lolium temulentum var. laeve W.D.J.Koch; 596 (1843)
= Lolium temulentum var. leptochaeton A.Braun; Flora 1: 252 (1834)
= Lolium temulentum var. macrochaeton A.Braun; Flora 17: 252 (1834)
= Lolium temulentum var. minus Moritzi; 59 (1832)
= Lolium temulentum var. multiflorum Moritzi; 59 (1832)
= Lolium temulentum var. muticum Boiss.; Fl. Orient. 5: 681 (1884)
= Lolium temulentum var. muticum Zapal.; 195 (1905)
= Lolium temulentum var. oliganthum Gren. & Godr.; 615 (1856)
= Lolium temulentum var. rigidum Moritzi; 59 (1832)
= Lolium temulentum var. robustum (Rchb.) W.D.J.Koch; 957 (1844)
= Lolium temulentum var. semiglabrum Litv.; Spisok Rast. Gerb. Russk. Fl. Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 5: 135 (1905)
= Lolium temulentum var. speciosum (M.Bieb.) W.D.J.Koch; 957 (1844)
= Lolium temulentum var. speciosum (Steven) Griseb.; C. F. von Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4: 345 (1852)
= Lolium temulentum var. submuticum W.D.J.Koch; 596 (1843)
= Lolium triticoides Janka; Linnaea, 30: 1859 (1860) 622
species :
Lolium tuberosum (Romero Zarco & Cabezudo) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 715 (2017)
Distribution: SW-Spain (Huelva); Morocco
12 SPA 20 MOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Micropyropsis tuberosa Romero Zarco & Cabezudo; Lagascalia, 11(1): 95 (1983)
species :
Lolium ×aschersonianum (Dörfl.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 710 (2017)
Distribution: European Russia; Sweden; Germany (Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein)
10 SWE 11 GER 14 RUS
Remarks: Festuca arundinacea Schreb. x Festuca pratensis Huds.
Synonyms: hidden
= Schedonorus ×aschersonianus (Dörfl.) Holub; Preslia, 70(2): 113 (1998)
= Festuca ×aschersoniana Dörfl.; Herb. Norm. No. 5380 (1911)
species :
Lolium ×brinkmannii (A.Braun) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 710 (2017)
Distribution: Europe; Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern); Turkey (NE-Anatolia); etc.
11 GER 34 TUR
Remarks: Festuca gigantea x Lolium perenne
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca gigantea var. brinkmannii (A.Braun) Jess.; 565 (1879)
= Festuca ×brinkmannii A.Braun; Ind. Sem. Horti Berol. 1861: App. 11 (1862)
= xFestulolium brinkmanii (A.Braun) Asch. & Graebn.; Syn. Mittel-Eur. Fl. 2: 1. 769 (1902)
= xSchedolium brinkmannii (A.Braun) Holub; Preslia, 70(2): 112 (21 July 1998)
= xSchedololium brinkmannii (A.Braun) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia, 83(2): 87 (1997 publ. 27 July 1998)
species :
Lolium ×czarnohorense (Zapal.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)
Distribution: Poland
11 POL
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca czarnohorensis Zapal.; Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 3: 230 (1911)
= Schedonorus ×schlickumii subsp. czarnohorensis (Zapal.) B.Bock; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 43: 220 (2012)
species :
Lolium ×elongatum (Ehrh.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)
Name: Persischer Lolch (DE); Persian Ryegrass (EN)
Distribution: Austria; Belgium; England; Channel Isl.; Czech Republic; Denmark; France; Germany (Berlin, Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein, Saarland, Sachsen, Thüringen); Ireland; Switzerland; Netherlands; Spain; Hungary; Italy; ?Serbia & Kosovo; Norway; Poland; Romania; Sweden; Iran (EC-Iran, SW-Iran); East Aegaean Isl. (Rhodos); Afghanistan (Kabul, Kandahar); Japan [I] (Honshu [I]); USA [I] (New York [I], South Carolina [I])
10 DEN GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN NET POL SWI 12 CIS FRA SPA 13 ITA ROM 34 AFG EAI IRN 38 jap 75 usa 78 usa
Remarks: Festuca pratensis Huds. x Lolium perenne L. Often cultivated
Synonyms: hidden
= Brachypodium loliaceum (Huds.) Link; Hort. Berol. 1: 42 (1827), nom. illeg.
= Bucetum loliaceum (Huds.) Parn.; Grass. Scotland: 104 (1842)
= Festuca elongata Ehrh.; 83 (1791), nom. inval., et 133 (1791)
= Festuca fluitans var. loliacea (Huds.) Huds.; Fl. Angl., ed. 2: 47 (1778)
= Festuca halleri I.Honck.; 265 (1782), nom. inval.
= Festuca pratensis var. loliacea (Huds.) Hook.f.; 448 (1870), nom. illeg.
= Festuca pratensis var. loliacea (Huds.) St.-Amans; Fl. Agen.: 42 (1821)
= Festuca ×elongata Ehrh.; Beitr. Naturk. 6: 83 (1784)
= Festuca ×fluitans Leers ex Kunth; Enum. Pl. 1: 405 (1833), pro syn.
= Festuca ×loliacea Huds.; Fl. Angl. ed. 1: 38 (1762)
= Festuca ×loliacea var. aristata A. Braun ex Döll; 164 (1855)
= Festuca ×loliacea var. paniculata Sond. [65 (1851)]
= xFestucololium retzii Guétrot; 32 (1927), nom. illeg.
= Glyceria fluitans var. loliacea (Huds.) Asch.; Fl. Brandenburg 1: 850 (1864)
= Glyceria loliacea (Huds.) Godr.; Fl. Lorraine 3: 168 (1844)
= Lolium festucoides Raspail; Saigey & Raspail, Ann. Sc. Observ. 2: 243 (1829)
= Lolium perenne var. festuciforme Wimm. & Grab.; 101 (1827)
= Lolium ×festucaceum Link; Handbuch 1: 81 (1829), nom. superfl.
= Poa ×loliacea (Huds.) Koeler; Descr. Gramin.: 207 (1802), nom. illeg.
= Schedonorus loliaceus (Huds.) P.Beauv.; Ess. Agrostogr.: 99 (1812)
= xFestulolium loliaceum (Huds.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. Fr. 81 (1935)
= xSchedolium loliaceum (Huds.) Holub; Preslia 70: 112 (1998)
= xSchedololium loliaceum (Huds.) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia, 83(2): 87 (1997 publ. 27 July 1998)
species :
Lolium ×fleischeri (Rohlena) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 711 (2017)
Distribution: European Russia; Germany (Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
11 GER 14 RUS
Remarks: Festuca arundinacea Schreb. x Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill.
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca ×fleischeri Rohlena; Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 8: 85 (1903)
= Festuca ×gigas f. subarundinacea Holmb. [Dörfl., 107 (1911)]
= Festuca ×gigas Holmb.; Dörfl., 107 (1911)
= Schedonorus ×fleischeri (Rohlena) Holub; Preslia, 70(2): 113 (1998)
species :
Lolium ×holmbergii (Dörfl.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)
Distribution: Europe (rare); Sweden; Germany (Saarland); Spain; Czech Republic; Turkey (SE-Anatolia); etc.; New Zealand [I]
10 SWE 11 CZE GER 12 SPA 34 TUR 51 nzl
Remarks: Festuca arundinacea x Lolium perenne
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca ×holmbergii Dörfl.; Herb. Norm. 5379 (1911)
= xFestulolium holmbergii (Dörfl.) P.Fourn.; Quatre Fl. France, 81 (1935)
= xSchedolium holmbergii (Dörfl.) Holub; Preslia, 70(2): 112 (21 July 1998)
= xSchedololium holmbergii (Dörfl.) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia, 83(2): 87 (1997 publ. 27 July 1998)
species :
Lolium ×hubbardii Jansen & Wacht. ex B.K.Simon; Austrobaileya, 2(1): 21 (1984)
Distribution: Europe; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Queensland [I])
50 aus
Remarks: Lolium multiflorum x Lolium rigidum
species :
Lolium ×hybridum Hausskn.; Mitt. Thür. Bot. Ver. 6: 32 (1887)
Name: Oldenburgisches Weidelgras (DE)
Distribution: Europe (frequent); Czech Republic; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); etc.; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], Northern Territory [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], Tasmania [I]); European Turkey; Bhutan [I]
11 CZE GER 13 TUE 40 bhu 50 aus
Remarks: Lolium multiflorum Lam. x Lolium perenne L.
Synonyms: hidden
= Lolium ×boucheanum Kunth; Revis. Gramin. 3: t. 220 (1834)
species :
Lolium ×krasanii (H.Scholz) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 713 (2017)
Distribution: Switzerland; Germany; etc.
11 GER SWI
Remarks: L. arundinaceum x L. multiflorum
Synonyms: hidden
= xSchedolium krasanii H.Scholz; Kochia 2: 51 (2007)
= xFestulolium krasanii V.Jirásek; Dostál, (1950), nom. inval.
species :
Lolium ×portalii D.Allen; Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre-Ouest 50: 154 (2019)
Distribution: France
12 FRA
species :
Lolium ×schlickumii (Grantzow) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 715 (2017)
Distribution: European Russia; Poland; Germany (Brandenburg, Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schleswig-Holstein)
11 GER POL 14 RUS
Remarks: Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill. x Festuca pratensis Huds.
Synonyms: hidden
= Schedonorus ×schlickumii (Grantzow) Holub; Preslia, 70(2): 113 (1998)
= Festuca ×schlickumii Grantzow; Fl. Uckermark: 340 (1880)
species :
Lolium ×subnutans (Holmb.) Banfi, Galasso, Foggi, Kopecký & Ardenghi; Taxon 66(3): 715 (2017)
Distribution: Austria; Czech Republic; Belgium; England; France; Germany (Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Sachsen); Ireland; Netherlands; Italy; Poland; Sweden; Spain; China (Hubei)
10 GRB IRE SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER NET POL 12 FRA SPA 13 ITA 36 CHI
Remarks: Lolium pratense x Lolium multiflorum
Synonyms: hidden
= Festuca loliacea var. aristata Braun ex Döll; Fl. Baden: 164 (1857)
= Festuca subnutans Holmb.; Bot. Not. 1930: 94 (1930)
= Festuca ×braunii K.Richt.; Pl. Eur. 1: 103 (1890)
= Festuca ×subnutans Holmb.; 94 (1930)
= Lolium grandispicum Pei; Guihaia, 19(3): 205 (1999)
= xFestulolium braunii (K.Richt.) A.Camus; Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 33: 538 (1927)
= xSchedololium braunii (K.Richt.) Soreng & Terrell; Phytologia 83: 87 (1998)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 15.1 (March 8th, 2023)

Covering 353,598 accepted species,
8,943 hybrids, 50,327 accepted infraspecific taxa and 959,496 synonyms,
in total 1,372,364* names

[*about 39,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 30 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life