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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6747; hybrids: 10
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.6216 Genus Lygisma Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 15: 18, t. 1423 (1883)
Distribution: Southeast Asia
Species listed in database: 5
= Pilostigma Costantin; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 73 (1912), not Tiegh. (1894)
= Costantina Bullock; Kew Bull. 19: 199 (1965)
= Vietnamia P.T.Li; J. S. China Agric. Univ. 15(4): 72 (1994)
species :
Lygisma angustifolium (Wight) Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 15: t. 1423 (1883)
Distribution: Myanmar (Bago, Mandalay, Sagaing)
41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Marsdenia angustifolia Wight; Contr. Bot. India [Wight] 40 (1834)
= Pergularia angustifolia (Wight) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 2: 894 (1840)
species :
Lygisma calcicola (M.R.Hend.) Schneidt, Meve & Liede; Phytotaxa 369(3): 171 (2018)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (once each from Gua Ninek, Kelantan, and Bt Cheras, Pahang)
42 MLY
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Tylophora calcicola M.R.Hend.; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 7: 111 (1933)
species :
Lygisma flavum (Ridl.) Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 456 (1939)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Temengoh, Perak)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gymnema flavum Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 57: 68 (1911)
= Tylophora ridleyi M.R.Hend.; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 7: 111 (1933), nom. nov.
species :
Lygisma inflexum (Costantin) Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 457 (1939)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan); Laos; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 LAO VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Costantina inflexa (Costantin) Bullock; Kew Bull. 19: 199 (1965)
= Pilostigma inflexum Costantin; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 4: 73 (1912)
= Tylophora hainanensis Tsiang; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 35 (1965)
= Vietnamia inflexa (Costantin) P.T.Li; J. S. China Agric. Univ. 15(4): 73 (1994)
species :
Lygisma nervosum Kerr; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 457 (1939)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World


Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]


With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life