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013.0000 Family Lygodiaceae M.Roem.; Handb. Allg. Bot. [M. J. Römer] 3: 520 (1840) (Lygodieae)
1 genus, 29 spp.
Species listed in database: 29; hybrids: 2
= Lygodieae Le Maout & Decne.; Traité Général Bot.: 657 (1868)
013.0001 Genus Lygodium Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 7, 106 (1801) nom. cons.
Distribution: Tropics and south-temperate worldwide, mostly Malesia, trop. America (7), temperate America (1). Phylogeny: Pelosi et al. 2024
Species listed in database: 29; hybrids: 2
= Arthrolygodes C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 101 (1845)
= Cteisium Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 275 (1803)
= Gisopteris Bernh.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 127 (1801)
= Hugona Cav. ex Roem.; Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 2(3): 486 (1801), nom. superfl.
= Hydroglossum Willd.; Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 2: pt. 4: 13, 20 (1802)
= Lygodictyon J.Sm.; Gen. Fil. [Hooker] (1842)
= Odontopteris Bernh.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 127, t. 2, f. 4 (1801)
= Ramondia Mirb.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 179 (1801), nom. rej.
= Ugena Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 6: 73 (1801)
= Vallifilix Thouars; Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 1 (1809), nom. superfl.
species :
Lygodium altum (C.B.Clarke) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns 114 (1909)
Distribution: ?SW-China; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Manipur, Meghalaya, ?Mizoram); Myanmar; Thailand
40 IND 41 MYA THA
Remarks: valid species fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2017)
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium flexuosum var. altum C.B.Clarke; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 1: 584 (1880)
species :
Lygodium articulatum A.Rich.; Voy. Astrolabe 96, t. 15 (1832)
Name: Mangemange (Maori)
Distribution: New Zealand (North Isl.)
51 NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium gracilescens Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 28: 620 (1896)
species :
Lygodium auriculatum (Willd.) Alston; Reinwardtia 5: 16 (1959)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Selangor, Johor); Borneo (Kalimantan); Palawan; Philippines (Polillo, Luzon, Mindoro, Samar, Mindanao); Guam
42 BOR MLY PHI PLW 62 GUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum auriculatum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 84 (1810)
= Lygodium circinnatum var. semihastatum (Cav.) Fosberg; Amer. Fern J. 40(1): 142 (1950)
= Lygodium flexuosum Prantl; Unters. Morph. Gefäßkrypt. 73 (1881) (p. p., quoad syn. Cav. and Willd.) (non (L.) Sw.)
= Lygodium semihastatum (Cav.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 203 (1827) (nom. illeg.)
= Ugena semihastata Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 6: 74, t. 594 (1801) (nom. illeg., excl. syn. Reichard & Rumph.)
species :
Lygodium boivinii Kuhn; Filic. Afr. [Kuhn] 168 (1868)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores
29 COM MDG
species :
Lygodium borneense Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 20: 29 (1915)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (SE-Johor); Sumatra (incl. Mentawai); Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Moluccas (Talaud)
42 BOR MLY MOL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium borneense f. samarindae Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 20: 29 (1915)
species :
Lygodium circinnatum (Burm.f.) Sw.; Syn. Fil. (Kiliae) [O.Swartz] 153 (1806)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan, Hongkong); ?India (?Manipur); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Nicobar Isl.; peninsular Thailand; SE-Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Brunei; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Lombok, Flores, Timor); Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl., New Ireland, New Hanover); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Kirakira, Nggatokae, Tetepare, Vangunu, Vella Lavella, Kolombangara, Makira, Malaita, Rendova); Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Ngarakabesang, Angaur, Kasioru); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap, Truk, Moen, Dublon, Tol, Uman)
36 CHI 40 BAN SRL 41 AND LAO NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 60 SCZ VAN 62 MIC PLU
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum circinnatum (Burm.f.) Willd.; Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 2: pt. 4: 24 (1802)
= Hydroglossum dichotomum (Cav.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 82 (1810)
= Hydroglossum pedatum (Burm.f.) Willd.; Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 25 (1802)
= Lygodium basilanicum Christ; Philipp. J. Sci. 2: 179 (1907)
= Lygodium circinnatum var. denticulatum Prantl; Unters. Morph. Gefäßkrypt. 2: 66 (1881)
= Lygodium circinnatum var. monstruosum Alderw.; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 18: 5 (1908)
= Lygodium conforme C.Chr.; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 6: 104 (1934)
= Lygodium dichotomum (Cav.) Sw.; Syn. Fil. (Kiliae) [O.Swartz] 154 (1806)
= Lygodium heterophyllum C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 73 (1825)
= Lygodium pedatum (Burm.f.) Sw.; Syn. Fil. (Kiliae) [O.Swartz] 154 (1806), nom. illeg.
= Ophioglossum circinnatum Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] 2 (1768)
= Ophioglossum flexuosum L.f.; Suppl. Pl. 443 (1782) (non L. (1753))
= Ophioglossum furcatum Roxb. ex Griff.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 478 (1844)
= Ophioglossum pedatum Burm.f.; Fl. Ind. [N.L.Burman] 2: 227, t. 66, f. 1 (1768)
= Ugena dichotoma Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 6: 74, t. 594, f. 2 (1801)
= Ugena macrostachya Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 6: 75, t. 594, f. 2 (1801)
= Ugena semihastata Blanco; Fl. Filip. [Blanco] 822 (1837)
species :
Lygodium cubense Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 31 (1815)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum cubense (Kunth) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 2: 205 (1824)
= Lygodium cubense var. stenophyllum Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(1): 145 (1897)
= Lygodium poeppigianum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 103 (1845)
species :
Lygodium dimorphum Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 6: 67 (1911)
Distribution: Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Rawak); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 MOL NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium circinnatum var. trifurcatum Christ; Monsunia 1: 93 (1900)
= Lygodium flexuosum Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet], Bot. 298 (1826) (non (L.) Sw.)
= Lygodium novoguineense Rosenst.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 427 (1911)
species :
Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 106 (1801)
Distribution: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andaman Isl., Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar (Chin, etc.); Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor, Wetar, Timor); Moluccas (Seram); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, NE-Queensland); Venezuela [I]; Guyana [I]
36 CHI 38 NNS 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL 50 AUS 82 guy ven
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum elegans (Desv.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 2: 205 (1824)
= Hydroglossum flexuosum (L.) Willd.; Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 2: 23 (1802)
= Hydroglossum pinnatifidum Willd.; Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 21 (1802)
= Hydroglossum scandens (L.) Willd.; Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 2(5): 20 (1802)
= Hydroglossum semipinnatum Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] Suppl. 3: 78 (1813)
= Lygodium elegans Desv.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 308 (1811)
= Lygodium flexuosum var. accidens R.C.Y.Chou
= Lygodium flexuosum var. setulosum Tardieu & C.Chr.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 7: 39 (1939)
= Lygodium maculatum Bory; Voy. Indes Or. [Bélanger] 2: 15 (1833)
= Lygodium meyenianum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 106 (1845)
= Lygodium pilosum Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 205 (1827)
= Lygodium pinnatifidum Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1801(2): 303 (1803)
= Lygodium polymorphum (Cav.) Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 1: 31 (1816)
= Lygodium pubescens Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2200 (1830), nomen
= Lygodium rottlerianum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 108 (1845)
= Lygodium scandens (L.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 106 (1801) (p. p. excl. syn.)
= Lygodium semibipinnatum R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 162 (1810)
= Lygodium serrulatum Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 254 (1828)
= Lygodium tenue C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 108 (1845)
= Odontopteris scandens (L.) Bernh.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 127 (1801)
= Ophioglossum flexuosum L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1063 (1753)
= Ophioglossum scandens L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 1106 (1753) (p. p.)
= Ramondia flexuosa (L.) Mirb.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 179, t. 12, f. 3 (1800)
= Ramondia scandens (L.) Mirb.; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 179 (1801)
= Ugena polymorpha Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 6: 75, t. 595 (1801)
species :
Lygodium heterodoxum Kunze; Farrnkräuter 2: 32, t. 113 (1849)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum heterodoxum (Kunze) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 114 (1857)
= Hydroglossum mexicanum Fée; Mém. Foug. 9 (Cat. Foug. Mex.): 42 (1857)
= Hydroglossum spectabile Liebm.; Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., Ser. 5, 1: 299 (seors. 147) (1849)
= Lygodictyon heterodoxum (Kunze) J.Sm.; Ferns Brit. Foreign 259 (1866)
species :
Lygodium hians E.Fourn.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 18: 355 (1873)
Distribution: New Caledonia
60 NWC
Remarks: the probably most primitive and only non-climbing member of the genus
species :
Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 106 (1801)
Name: Japanese Climbing Fern
Distribution: South Africa [I] (E-Cape Prov. [I]); China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Macao, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Pakistan (Chitral, Hazara); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Jammu & Kashmir); Bangladesh; N-Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Singapore [I]; Sumatra (Bangka Isl.); Borneo (Sabah); Sulawesi; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor, Lombok, Sumba, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor); Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Ternate, Banda Isl., Sula Isl.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Australia [I] (Northern Territory [I]); Hawaii [I]; USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Louisiana [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], Pennsylvania [I], South Carolina [I], Texas [I]); Puerto Rico [I]
27 saf 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP KOR NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP PAK 41 CBD LAO THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI sng SUL SUM 50 aus 63 haw 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa 81 pue
Synonyms: hidden
= Adiantum scandens Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 2: 837 (1790)
= Davallia scandens (Lour.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 89 (1801)
= Hydroglossum dissectum (Desv.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 2: 205 (1824)
= Hydroglossum japonicum (Thunb.) Willd.; Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 2: pt. 4: 26 (1802)
= Hydroglossum microstachyum (Desv.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 2: 206 (1824)
= Lygodium chaerophylloides Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 205 (1827)
= Lygodium cochinchinense (Poir.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 206 (1827)
= Lygodium dissectum Desv.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 308 (1811)
= Lygodium finlaysonianum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 2002 (1829), nomen
= Lygodium hazaricum F.Haq; Trop. Pl. Res. (Uttar Pradesh) 4(2): 358-362 (2017) [fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2020]
= Lygodium japonicum f. elongatum Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 2, 1: 10, t. 3 (1911)
= Lygodium japonicum var. microstachyum (Desv.) C.Chr. & Tardieu; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 7: 38 (1939)
= Lygodium mearnsii Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 37 (1908)
= Lygodium microphyllum Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 141 (1833), non (Cav.) R. Br.
= Lygodium microstachyum Desv.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 308 (1811)
= Lygodium microstachyum var. glabrescens Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 686 (1927)
= Lygodium pubescens Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. [Kaulfuss] 47, t. 1, f. 4 (1824)
= Lygodium tenue Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 254 (1828)
= Ophioglossum japonicum Thunb.; Syst. Veg., ed. 14 [J.A.Murray] 926 (1784)
species :
Lygodium kerstenii Kuhn; Filic. Decken. 28 (1867)
Distribution: Zambia; E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte); Iles Glorieuses
26 MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ 29 COM IGL MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium brycei Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1901: 138 (1901)
= Lygodium subalatum Bojer; Fil. Afr. [Kuhn]: 170 (1868)
species :
Lygodium lanceolatum Desv.; Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 5: 307 (1811)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte); La Réunion
29 COM MDG REU
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum lanceolatum (Desv.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel] 2: 205 (1824)
= Hydroglossum madagascariense Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] Suppl. 8: 78 (1813)
= Lygodictyon lanceolatum (Desv.) J.Sm.; Ferns Brit. Foreign, ed. 2: 323 (1877)
species :
Lygodium longifolium (Willd.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1801(2): 305 (1803)
Distribution: China (Hainan); India (Karnataka, Meghalaya, Kerala); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Laos; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra (incl. Lingga Arch.); Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak, Natuna Isl.); Sulawesi; Palawan; ?Philippines (?Luzon)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 LAO MYA VIE 42 BOR MLY PLW SNG SUL SUM
Remarks: not in Taiwan
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum longifolium Willd.; Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 2: pt. 4: 22, t. 2 (1802)
= Lygodium circinnatum var. cristatum Alderw.; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 18: 5 (1908)
= Lygodium derivatum Alderw.; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, Sér. 3, 5: 213 (1922)
= Lygodium dichotomum Bedd.; Ferns S. India, t. 62 (1863) (non (Cav.) Sw.)
= Lygodium digitatum C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 73 (1825)
= Lygodium teysmannii Alderw.; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 18: 5 (1908)
species :
Lygodium merrillii Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 2: 146, t. 4 (1907)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Hainan); Vietnam; Sumatra; Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak); Palawan; Philippines (S-Luzon, Leyte, Mindoro)
36 CHI 41 VIE 42 BOR PHI PLW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium matthewii Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 3: 36 (1908)
= Lygodium subareolatum Christ; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., Sér. 3, 17: 151 (1907)
species :
Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 162 (1810)
Name: Climbing maidenhair, Snake fern, Small-leaved Climbing Fern
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Pemba Isl.; Tanzania; Zanzibar; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; E-Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (NE-KwaZulu-Natal); Mauritius; China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; ?Pakistan (?Chitral); Nepal; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Sarawak, Kalimantan); Brunei; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Flores, Lombok); Moluccas (Seram, etc.); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl., New Britain, New Hanover); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Santa Ysabel, Malaita, Ndeni, Savo, New Georgia, Rendova); Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, NE-New South Wales); New Caledonia; Fiji; Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Ulebsechel, Kasioru, Angaur); Northern Marianas (Rota Isl., Saipan); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Florida [I]); Jamaica [I]
22 BEN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE 23 BUR CAF CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI 24 CHA SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF 29 MAU 36 CHI 38 NNS TAI 40 BAN IND NEP SRL 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR BRN JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 FIJ NWC 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU 78 usa 81 jam
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium scandens var. intermedium Ces.; Atti Reale Accad. Sci. Napoli 7(8): 33 (1876)
= Lygodium scandens var. microphyllum (Cav.) Luerss.; J. Mus. Godeffroy 6: 4 (1874)
= Ophioglossum filiforme Roxb. ex Griff.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 476, t. 26, f. 3 (1844)
= Trichomanes cochinchinense Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 8: 83 (1808)
= Ugena microphylla Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 6: 76, t. 595 (1801)
species :
Lygodium oligostachyum (Willd.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 205 (1827)
Distribution: Cuba; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Venezuela (Lara, Miranda, Zulia)
81 CUB HIS 82 VEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum oligostachyum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 81 (1810)
= Lygodium gracile Baker; J. Bot. 26: 35 (1888)
species :
Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw.; Syn. Fil. (Kiliae) [O.Swartz] 154 (1806)
Name: American Climbing Fern, Windsor Fern
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Cteisium paniculatum (Bernh.) Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 275 (1803)
= Gisopteris palmata Bernh.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 129, plate 2(1) (1801)
= Hydroglossum palmatum (Bernh.) Willd.; Abh. Kurfürstl.-Mainz. Akad. Nützl. Wiss. Erfurt 25, t. 1, f. 2 (1802)
= Ramondia palmata (Bernh.) Bosc; Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 179 (1801)
species :
Lygodium polystachyum Wall. ex T.Moore; Gard. Chron. 1859: 671 (1859)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan); NE-India (Assam State, Manipur); Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl., Perlis, Kedah, Perak, Penang, Pahang); Sulawesi
36 CHI 40 IND 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY SUL
Conservation Status: IUCN EN for India (Fraser-Jenkins 2012)
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium colaniae Tardieu & C.Chr.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 5: 168 (1936)
= Lygodium pinnatifidum Prantl; Unters. Morph. Gefäßkrypt. 2: 83, t. 1 (1881) (non (Willd.) Sw.)
species :
Lygodium radiatum Prantl; Unters. Morph. Gefäßkrypt. 2: 66 (1881)
Distribution: Honduras; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Santander, Tolima); Ecuador; Peru
80 COS HON PAN 82 CLM 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium digitatum D.C.Eaton; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 217 (1860) (non C. Presl (1825))
species :
Lygodium reticulatum Schkuhr; Farrnkräuter 139, t. 139 (1809)
Distribution: Solomon Isl. (Ndeni); Australia (NE-Queensland, E-Queensland); Santa Cruz Isl. (Vanikoro); New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Kadavu, Matuku, Ovalau, Taveuni); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Bora Bora, Moorea)
43 SOL 50 AUS 60 FIJ NWC SCZ VAN 61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum polycarpum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 79 (1810)
= Hydroglossum scandens (G.Forst.) C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 113 (1845)
= Lygodictyon forsteri J.Sm.; Gen. Fil. [Hooker] t. 111B (1842)
= Lygodictyon reticulatum (Schkuhr) J.Sm.; Hist. Fil. 352 (1875)
= Lygodictyon schkuhrii J.Sm.; London J. Bot. 2: 384 (1843), nom. nov. superfl. for L. reticulatum
= Lygodium forsteri Lowe; New and rare Ferns, t. 35 (1861)
= Lygodium polycarpum (Willd.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 204 (1827)
= Ophioglossum scandens G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 78 (1786) (non L. (1753))
species :
Lygodium salicifolium C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 102 (1845)
Distribution: China (Hainan, Yunnan); SE-Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Bihar, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar; Thailand (widespread); Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (widespread); Singapore; Sumatra (incl. Bangka Isl.); Borneo (Sabah, Kalimantan); Philippines; W-Java; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Palau (Babeldaob, Koror); Fed. States of Micronesia (Yap)
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY NWG PHI SNG SUM 62 MIC PLU
Remarks: not in Taiwan fide Knapp (Ferns of Taiwan, 2011 ff.)
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium andamanicum R.D.Dixit, J.B.Bhandari & R.Mukhop.; Nordic J. Bot. 21(4): 427 (2001 publ. 2002) (fide Fraser-Jenkins et al. 2009, 2015)
= Lygodium kingii Copel.; Philipp. J. Sci. 6: 68 (1911)
species :
Lygodium smithianum C.Presl ex Kuhn; Filic. Afr. [Kuhn] 169, 270 (1868)
Distribution: Guinea; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni); Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola
22 GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA 23 BIO CAF CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium smithianum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 112 (1845), nomen
species :
Lygodium trifurcatum Baker; Syn. Fil. [W.J.Hooker & Baker] 437 (1868)
Distribution: New Guinea (Louisiade Arch.); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl., New Ireland); Solomon Isl. (Bougainville, Choiseul, Gizo, Guadalcanal, Santa Ysabel, Kolombangara, Makira, Malaita, Mono, New Georgia, Nggela Sule, Tulagi, Ulawa, Rendova, Tetepare, Vella Lavella); Vanuatu
42 NWG 43 BIS SOL 60 VAN
species :
Lygodium venustum Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1801(2): 303 (1803)
Distribution: Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic); Guadeloupe; Grenada; Tobago; Trinidad; Curacao; Colombia (Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Norte de Santander, San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina, Sucre, Tolima, Valle, Vichada); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sergipe, São Paulo, Tocantins); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Canindeyú, Central, Concepción, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa, Paraguari); Argentina (Misiones)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB CUR GDL GRE HIS JAM TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR SWC VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum hastatum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 79 (1810), nom. illeg.
= Hydroglossum hirsutum Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 80 (1810)
= Lygodium commutatum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 110 (1845)
= Lygodium hastatum (Willd.) Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 204 (1827)
= Lygodium mexicanum C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 72 (1825)
= Lygodium mucronulatum J.W.Sturm; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 171, t. 14, f. 9 (1859)
= Lygodium palmatilobum J.W.Sturm; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 170, t. 14, f. 6 (1859)
= Lygodium pohlianum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 105 (1845)
= Lygodium polymorphum f. glabrum (Maury) R.Knuth; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 43: 85 (1926)
= Lygodium polymorphum f. hirsutum (Willd.) R.Knuth; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 43: 85 (1926)
= Lygodium polymorphum var. hirsutum (Willd.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 305 (1931)
= Lygodium polymorphum var. palmatilobum (J.W.Sturm) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 305 (1931)
= Lygodium schiedeanum C.Presl; Suppl. Tent. Pterid. 110 (1845)
= Lygodium venustum f. glabrum Maury; J. Bot. [Morot] 27(3): 136 (1889)
= Lygodium venustum f. hirsutum (Willd.) Maury; J. Bot. [Morot] 27(3): 136 (1889)
= Lygodium venustum var. granatense Christ; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(1): 145 (1897)
= Lygodium volubile var. hirsutum (Willd.) Bonap.; Notes Ptéridol. 7: 384 (1918)
species :
Lygodium versteegii Christ; Nova Guinea 8: 161 (1909)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Philippines (Mindanao, Luzon); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Hanover); Solomon Isl. (Choiseul, Maramasike)
42 NWG PHI SUL 43 BIS SOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium moszkowskii Brause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49: 57 (1912)
species :
Lygodium volubile Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1801(2): 304 (1803)
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz, Chiapas); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola (Haiti); Tobago; Trinidad; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Caquetá, Magdalena, Norte de Santander); Venezuela (Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, Falcon, Miranda, Monagas, Zulia); Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Brasilia Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Roraima, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sergipe, São Paulo, Tocantins); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Amambay, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepción, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa, Misiones, Paraguari, San Pedro); Argentina (Formosa, Misiones)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB HIS JAM TRT 82 CLM FRG GUY SUR VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA 85 ARG PAR
Synonyms: hidden
= Hydroglossum expansum Poir.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] Suppl. 3: 77 (1813)
= Hydroglossum heptaphyllum Schrad.; Gött. Gel. Anz. 863 (1824)
= Hydroglossum volubile (Sw.) Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 5(1): 78 (1810)
= Lygodium acuminatum J.W.Sturm; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 174, t. 14, f. 12 (1859)
= Lygodium expansum Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 204 (1827)
= Lygodium hastatum Mart.; (1834) non Desv. 1827
= Lygodium heptaphyllum Schrad.; Gött. Gel. Anz. 863 (1824)
= Lygodium hirtum Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. [Kaulfuss] 47 (1824)
= Lygodium intermedium Mett.; Linnaea 36: 168 (1869)
= Lygodium lineatum Desv.; Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 204 (1827)
= Lygodium lucens Kaulf.; Enum. Filic. [Kaulfuss] 47 (1824)
= Lygodium micans J.W.Sturm; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 178 (1859)
= Lygodium pedatum Goldm.; Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 467 (1843), nom. illeg.
= Lygodium pedicellatum C.Chr. & Maxon; Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., Ser. 3, 16(2): 85 (1936)
= Lygodium puberulum J.W.Sturm; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 1(2): 176 (1859)
= Lygodium scandens Schkuhr; Deutschl. Krypt. Gew. 1: 138, t. 138 (1809)
= Lygodium surinamense Miq.; Verslagen Meded. Vier Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Letterk. Schoone Kunsten 1842: 192 (1843)
= Lygodium varium Link; Hort. Berol. [Link] 2: 140 (1833)
= Lygodium volubile var. acuminatum (J.W.Sturm) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 306 (1931)
= Lygodium volubile var. hirtum (Kaulf.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 306 (1931)
= Lygodium volubile var. intermedium Kuhn; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(1): 145 (1897)
= Lygodium volubile var. lucens (Kaulf.) Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 306 (1931)
= Lygodium volubile var. wrightii (Prantl) Duek; Feddes Repert. 87: 339 (1976)
= Lygodium wrightii Mett. ex D.C.Eaton; Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 8: 217 (1860) (nomen), ex Prantl, Schiz. 78 (1881)
= Ophioglossum scandens Vell.; Fl. Flumin. 11: t. 53 (1831)
= Osmunda scandens Aubl.; Hist. Pl. Guiane 2: 961 (1775)
species :
Lygodium yunnanense Ching; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 345 (1959)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); India (Assam State, Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar; N-Thailand; Laos
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 LAO MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Lygodium giganteum Tagawa & K.Iwats.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 22: 97, f. 1 (1967)
species :
Lygodium ×fayae Jermy & T.G.Walker; Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 13(2): 252 (1985)
Distribution: Trinidad; Brazil (Minas Gerais)
81 TRT 84 BRA
Remarks: Lygodium venustum x volubile
species :
Lygodium ×lancetillanum L.D.Gómez; Brenesia 18: 160 (1980)
Distribution: Honduras
80 HON
Remarks: Lygodium heterodoxum x venustum
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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