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044.0000 Family Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm.; Webbia 24: 711 (1970)
5-34 genera (depending on genus concept), 1100-1200 spp. New genus concept adopted here from Fawcett & Smith (2021), based on molecular results.
Species listed in database: 1180; hybrids: 38
044.1001 Genus Macrothelypteris (H.Itô) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 308 (1963)
Distribution: Trop/subtrop. Asia, Malesia, Queensland, Pacific, Africa
Species listed in database: 9; hybrids: 1
= Thelypteris sect.Macrothelypteris H.Itô; Nov. Fl. Jap. [Nakai & Honda] 4: 141 (1938)
= Thelypteris subgen.Macrothelypteris (H.Itô) A.R.Sm.; Phytologia 34: 233 (1976)
= Thelypteris sect.Metathelypteris K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31: 145 p. (1965)
species :
Macrothelypteris banaensis (Tardieu & C.Chr.) Christenh.; Global Fl. 4: 25 (2018)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Conservation Status: IUCN R
Synonyms: hidden
= Thelypteris banaensis Tardieu & C.Chr.; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 7: 66 (1938)
species :
Macrothelypteris contingens Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310 (1963)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan, S-Zhejiang)
36 CHI
species :
Macrothelypteris multiseta (Baker) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 309 (1963)
Distribution: Sumatra; Borneo (Sarawak, Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah); Java
42 BOR JAW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Dryopteris multiseta (Baker) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 279 (1905)
= Lastrea multiseta (Baker) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.]: 139 (1947)
= Nephrodium multisetosum Baker; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 6: 324 (1891)
= Nephrodium multisetum Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 226 (1886)
= Thelypteris multiseta (Baker) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 347 (1936)
species :
Macrothelypteris ogasawarensis (Nakai) Holttum; Blumea 17: 27 (1969)
Distribution: Bonin Isl. (Chichijima, Anijima, Hahajima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima, Minami-Iwojima)
38 KZN OGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Dryopteris ogasawarensis Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 2 (1929)
= Lastrea ogasawarensis (Nakai) Tagawa; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 16: 15 (1953)
= Thelypteris ogasawarensis (Nakai) H.Itô ex Honda; Nom. Pl. Japonic. 520 (1939)
= Wagneriopteris ogasawarensis (Nakai) Á.Löve & D.Löve; Taxon 26(2-3): 325 (1977)
species :
Macrothelypteris oligophlebia (Baker) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 308, 309 (1963)
Distribution: China (S-Anhui, N-Guangxi, S-Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); Japan; Vietnam
36 CHI 38 JAP 41 VIE
Remarks: included by Fraser-Jenkins et al. (2017) in M. torresiana
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium oligophlebium (Baker) Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 4: 616 (1904)
= Dryopteris oligophlebia (Baker) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 280 (1905)
= Dryopteris oligophlebia var. lophaea Ogata
= Hypolepis punctata var. henryi Christ; Mém. Soc. Bot. France 1 [Hist. Acrostich.]: 61 (1905)
= Lastrea oligophlebia (Baker) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.]: 139 (1947)
= Macrothelypteris torresiana var. calvata Holttum; Blumea 17(1): 28 (1969)
= Nephrodium oligophlebium Baker; J. Bot. 14: 291 (1876)
= Nephrodium setigerum var. calvatum Baker; J. Bot. 13: 1875: 201 (1875)
= Phegopteris oligophlebia (Baker) Salomon; Nomencl. Gefäßkrypt. 276 (1883)
= Polystichum oligophlebium (Baker) Baker; J. Bot. 29: 6 (1891)
= Thelypteris oligophlebia (Baker) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 339 (1936)
= Thelypteris torresiana var. calvata (Baker) K.Iwats.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 31(3): 154 (1965)
= Thelypteris uliginosa var. calvata (Baker) K.Iwats.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18: 158 (1960)
variant :
var. elegans (Koidz.) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 309 (1963)
Distribution: China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); North Korea; South Korea (incl. Cheju Isl.); Japan
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NKO
Synonyms: hidden
= Dryopteris elegans Koidz.; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 38: 108 (1924)
= Lastrea oligophlebia var. elegans (Koidz.) Tagawa; Index Pterid. Japan 222 (1959)
= Macrothelypteris changshaensis Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 311 (1963)
= Macrothelypteris oligophlebia var. changshaensis (Ching) K.H.Shing; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 4(1): 78 (1999)
= Thelypteris oligophlebia var. elegans (Koidz.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6(5): 341 (1936)
= Thelypteris uliginosa var. elegans (Koidz.) K.Iwats.; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18: 158 (1960)
species :
Macrothelypteris ornata (J.Sm.) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 309 (1963)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 MYA THA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium ornatum (J.Sm.) Christ; Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 16: 120 (1897)
= Dryopteris ornata (J.Sm.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 281 (1905)
= Lastrea ornata (J.Sm.) Copel.; Ann. Cryptog. Phytopathol. 5 [Gen. Fil.]: 139 (1947)
= Nephrodium ornatum (J.Sm.) Christ; Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 11: 235 (1895)
= Phegopteris ornata J.Sm.; Hist. Fil. 233 (1875), nom. nov. for P. ornatum Wall. ex Bedd
= Polypodium ornatum Wall. ex Bedd.; Ferns S. India 56 (1864), nom. illeg.
= Thelypteris ornata (J.Sm.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 346 (1936)
species :
Macrothelypteris polypodioides (Hook.) Holttum; Blumea 17: 29 (1969)
Distribution: Taiwan; India (Nagaland); Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok); Moluccas (Seram, Ambon); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (Admiralty Isl.); Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal, Vangunu); Australia (NE-Queensland); Vanuatu; Tonga (Tofua, Late Isl.); Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu); American Samoa (Tutuila, Ta´u); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Bora Bora, Huahine, Moorea); Austral Isl. (Rapa Iti, Raivavae); Fed. States of Micronesia (Kosrae)
38 TAI 40 IND 42 LSI MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ TON VAN 61 AUI COO SCI 62 MIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Alsophila polypodioides Hook.; Oceanic Sketches [Nightingale], Append. 131 (1835)
= Aspidium setigerum var. ornatum (Wall.) Christ; (1897)
= Cheilanthes gigantea Ces.; Rendiconti Reale Accad. Sci. Fis. 16: 25, 29 (1877)
= Dryopteris brunneovillosa C.Chr.; Index Filic. 255 (1905), nom. nov.
= Dryopteris leucolepis (C.Presl) Maxon; Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 86: 172 (1923)
= Dryopteris setigera var. pallida (Brack.) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns (1908): 203, Suppl. 169 (1917)
= Lastrea leucolepis C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 6 [Epim. Bot.]: 39 (1851)
= Macrothelypteris leucolepis (C.Presl) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 309 (1963)
= Phegopteris cheilanthoides (Baker) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns 494 (1909)
= Polypodium cheilanthoides Baker; Malesia [Beccari] 3: 45 (1866) (nom. nov., non P. gigantea Desv.)
= Polypodium pallidum Brack.; U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. 16: 18 (1854)
= Thelypteris leucolepis (C.Presl) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 345 (1936)
species :
Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310 (1963)
Name: Swordfern, Mariana Maiden Fern
Distribution: England [I]; South Africa [I] (KwaZulu-Natal [I], E-Cape Prov. [I], W-Cape Prov. [I]); Madagascar; Comores (Mayotte); Mauritius; La Réunion; Seychelles; China (Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Macao, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Japan; Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam State, Bihar, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Thailand; Singapore, Laos; Vietnam; Sumatra (incl. Krakatau); Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah); SW-Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines; Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Lombok, Flores, Timor, Bali, Sumba); Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Ternate); New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal, Kolombangara, Malaita); Australia (N-Western Australia, E-Queensland, NE-New South Wales); Norfolk Isl.; New Zealand (N-North Isl.); Kermadec Isl.; New Caledonia; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Late Isl., ´Eua, Tofua); Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Ovalau, Taveuni); Wallis & Futuna (Futuna Isl., Alofi); American Samoa (Tutuila, Ofu, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu); Cook Isl. (Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, Atiu); Society Isl. (Tahiti, Bora Bora, Moorea); Austral Isl. (Raivavae); Palau (Angaur); Northern Marianas (Pagan, Alamagan, Sarigan, Anatahan, Rota Isl., Saipan); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Pohnpei, Kosrae); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], Arkansas [I], Florida [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], Ohio [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Texas [I], Virginia [I]); Mexico [I] (Chiapas [I], Veracruz [I], Oaxaca [I], Mexico State [I], Morelos [I], Queretaro [I], San Luis Potosi [I], Tabasco [I]); Belize [I], Guatemala [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Hispaniola [I] (Haiti [I], Dominican Republic [I]); Jamaica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Cayman Isl. [I] (Grand Cayman [I]); St. Vincent [I]; Grenada [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela[I] (Aragua [I], Barinas [I], Carabobo [I], Venezuela Distrito Federal [I], Falcon [I], Guarico [I], Lara [I], Merida [I], Miranda [I], Monagas [I], Nueva Esparta [I], Portuguesa [I], Sucre [I], Tachira [I], Trujillo [I], Yaracuy [I], Zulia [I]); Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I] (Alagoas [I], Bahia [I], Ceará [I], Brasilia Distrito Federal [I], Espírito Santo [I], Goiás [I], Maranhão [I], Minas Gerais [I], Mato Grosso do Sul [I], Mato Grosso [I], Paraíba [I], Pernambuco [I], Paraná [I], Rio de Janeiro [I], Rio Grande do Norte [I], Rondônia [I], Rio Grande do Sul [I], Santa Catarina [I], São Paulo [I]); Paraguay [I]; Uruguay [I]; N-Argentina [I]
10 grb 27 saf 29 COM MAU MDG REU SEY 36 CHI TIB 38 JAP NNS TAI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MOL NWG PHI PLW SUL SUM 43 SOL 50 AUS NFK 51 KER NZL 60 ASA FIJ NWC ROT SAM TON VAN WAL 61 AUI COO SCI 62 GUM MIC MRN PLU 63 haw 74 usa 75 usa 77 usa 78 usa 79 mex 80 cos els hon nic pan 81 bah cay cub gre his jam pue stv trt 82 clm ven 83 bol ecu per 84 bra 85 arg par uru
Remarks: inclusion of T. setigera fide Fraser-Jenkins (2008)
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium leucopis Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 292 (1852) (err. leucolepis)
= Aspidium mollissimum Christ; Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 968 (1898)
= Aspidium setigerum (Blume) Kuhn; Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 578 (1869), non Sw. (1829)
= Aspidium tenericaule (Wall. ex Hook.) Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 393 (1864)
= Aspidium uliginosum Kunze; Linnaea 20: 6 (1847)
= Aspidium vile Racib.; Pteridoph. Buitenzorg 1: 173 (1898) (non Kunze)
= Cheilanthes setigera Blume; Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 138 (1828) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 2008)
= Cheilanthes stenophylla Kunze; Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 212 (1848)
= Dryopteris alsophiloides (E.Fourn.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 251 (1905)
= Dryopteris backeri Alderw.; Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 18: 8 (1908)
= Dryopteris lasiocarpa Hayata; J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 417 (1911)
= Dryopteris mollissima (Christ) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 278 (1905)
= Dryopteris oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) Nakai; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 34: 142 (1920)
= Dryopteris setigera (Blume) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 813 (1891)
= Dryopteris tenericaulis (Wall. ex Hook.) Ching; Sinensia 3: 325 (1933)
= Dryopteris trichodes (Houlston & T.Moore) Rosenst.; Meded. Rijks-Herb. 31: 6 (1917) (p. p.)
= Dryopteris uliginosa (Kunze) C.Chr.; Index Filic., Suppl. Tert. 100 (1934), nom. illeg.
= Filix setigera (Blume) Farw.; Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 18: 81-83 (1916)
= Hypolepis javanica T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 253 (1861)
= Hypolepis setigera (Blume) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 2: 62 (1852)
= Hypolepis stenophylla (Kunze) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 39 (1857)
= Hypolepis trichodes (Houlston & T.Moore) Fée; Mém. Foug. 5 (Gen. Filic.) 146 (1852)
= Lastrea cosmopolita Brade; Bradea 1: 224 (1972), nom. nov.
= Lastrea flaccida Bedd.; Ferns S. India, t. 99 (1863)
= Lastrea oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) H.Itô ex M.Mizush.; Misc. Rep. Res. Inst. Nat. Resources 38: 114-115 (1955)
= Lastrea setigera (Blume) Bedd.; Ferns Brit. India, Correct. II (1870) (non T. Moore (1858))
= Lastrea setigera (Blume) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 103 (1858)
= Lastrea tenericaulis (Wall. ex Hook.) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 99 (1858)
= Lastrea torresiana (Gaudich.) T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 106 (1858)
= Macrothelypteris setigera (Blume) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 309 (1963) (fide Fraser-Jenkins 2008)
= Nephrodium setigerum (Blume) Hook. & Baker; Syn. Fil. [W.J.Hooker & Baker] 284 (1827) (p. p.), not C. Presl (1825)
= Nephrodium tenericaule (Wall. ex Hook.) Hook.; Sp. Fil. [W.J.Hooker] 4: 142 (1862) (p. p. excl., t. 269)
= Phegopteris alsophiloides E.Fourn.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 5, 18: 289 (1873)
= Phegopteris trichodes (Houlston & T.Moore) J.Sm.; Cult. Ferns 17 (1857)
= Polypodium balansae Baker; Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 5: 459 (1891)
= Polypodium nemorale Brack.; U.S. Expl. Exped., Filic. 16: 16 (1854), non Salisb. 1796
= Polypodium pallidum Bull.; Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 6: 31 (1881)
= Polypodium russelianum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 7077 (1829), nomen
= Polypodium tenericaule Wall. ex Hook.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 9: 353 (1857)
= Polypodium trichodes Reinw. ex Houlston & T.Moore; Gard. Mag. Bot. 3: 18 (1851)
= Polypodium tridentatum Roxb.; Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 495 (1844)
= Polystichum torresianum Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet], Bot. 333 (1828)
= Thelypteris oligophlebia var. lasiocarpa (Hayata) H.Itô; Nov. Fl. Jap. [Nakai & Honda] 4: 144 (1939)
= Thelypteris setigera (Blume) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 345 (1936)
= Thelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Alston; Lilloa 30: 111 (1960)
= Thelypteris uliginosa (Kunze) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 6: 342 (1936)
species :
Macrothelypteris viridifrons (Tagawa) Ching; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 310 (1963)
Distribution: China (Anhui, N-Fujian, Hunan, S-Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang); South Korea; Japan
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Dryopteris elegans var. subtripinnata Tagawa; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2: 93 (1933)
= Dryopteris oligophlebia var. subtripinnata (Tagawa) H.Itô; (1935)
= Lastrea oligophlebia var. subtripinnata (Tagawa) Ohwi; (1957)
= Lastrea viridifrons (Tagawa) Tagawa; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 14 (1953)
= Thelypteris oligophlebia var. subtripinnata (Tagawa) H.Itô; (1939)
= Thelypteris viridifrons Tagawa; J. Jap. Bot. 12: 747 (1936)
species :
Macrothelypteris ×subviridifrons (Seriz.) Nakaike; New Fl. Jap. Pterid. 842 (1992)
Distribution: Japan
38 JAP
Remarks: Thelypteris torresiana var. calvata x viridifrons
Synonyms: hidden
= Thelypteris ×subviridifrons Seriz.; J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 29(1): 24 (1981)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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