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282.0000 Family Malvaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 271 (1789), nom. cons.
249 genera, ca. 5400 spp.
Species listed in database: 5516; hybrids: 40
= Berryaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xxxvii (2001), Family
= Bombacaceae Kunth; Malvac., Büttner., Tiliac. 5 (1822), nom. cons.
= Brownlowiaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Byttneriaceae R.Br.; Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 540 (1814), nom. cons.
= Chiranthodendraceae A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 303 (1887)
= Dombeyaceae Desf.; Tabl. Ecole Bot., ed. 3: 252 (1829), nom. cons.
= Durionaceae Cheek; Kew Bull. 61: 443 (2006)
= Grewiaceae Doweld & Reveal; Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 71: 100 (2005)
= Helicteraceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858), Family
= Hermanniaceae Marquis; Esq. Règne Vég. 52 (1820)
= Hibiscaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 275 (1858)
= Lasiopetalaceae Rchb.; Mag. Aesth. Bot. 1(2): ad t. 37 (1823)
= Mansoniaceae A.Chev.; Just´s Bot. Jahresber. 38(1): 852 (1913)
= Melochiaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 271 (1858)
= Pentapetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Philippodendraceae A.Juss.; Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. 9: 735 (1847)
= Plagianthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 272 (1858)
= Sidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Prír. Rostlin 222 (1820)
= Sparrmanniaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 260 (1858)
= Sterculiaceae Vent.; Parad. Lond. 2: ad t. 69 (1807), nom. cons.
= Theobromataceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 264 (1858)
= Tiliaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 289 (1789), nom. cons.
282.9614 Genus Malvaviscus Fabr.; Enum. [Fabricius] 155 (1759)
Distribution: Texas, Mexico, C- and South America, West Indies. To be included in Pavonia, but the combinations are not yet available.
Species listed in database: 11
= Achania Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. [O.P.Swartz] 102 (1788)
species :
Malvaviscus achanioides (Turcz.) Fryxell; Syst. Bot. 4(3): 253 (1979 publ. 1980)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Honduras; Costa Rica
79 MEX 80 COS GUA HON
Synonyms: hidden
= Abelmoschus achanioides Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 196 (1858)
= Hibiscus achanioides (Turcz.) Hemsl.; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 1: 121 (1879)
= Malvaviscus cutteri Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 315 (1929)
species :
Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.; Diss. 3, Tertia Diss. Bot.: 131, t. 48, f. 1 (1787)
subspecies :
subsp. arboreus
Name: Sagra´s malvaviscus (Bahamas), Bombillo, Majaguilla, Majaguillo, Malvavisco (Cuba), Bombilla, Bombillito, Platanito (Dominican Republic), Mahoe rose, Sugar bark (Jamaica), Hibiscus-piment, Sleepy mallow (Lesser Antilles), Capucha de monje (Puerto Rico), Sleeping hibiscus (Virgin Isl.)
Distribution: Tunisia [I]; Cameroon [I]; Mozambique [I]; China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I], Yunnan [I], Jiangsu [I], Shanghai [I]); Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [c]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Vietnam [I]; Borneo [I]; Brunei [I]; Sulawesi [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; New Zealand [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Fiji [I]; Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I], Moorea [I], Tahaa [I], Bora Bora [I]); Tuamotu Arch. [I] (Takapoto Atoll [I]); USA [I] (Texas [I]); Mexico (Aguascalientes, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Hispaniola [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (St. John [I], Tortola [I]); Dominica [I]; Barbados [I]; Colombia (San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina); Isla Margarita [I]; Venezuela (Venezuela Distrito Federal, Miranda, Tachira, Yaracuy); Peru
20 tun 23 cmn 26 moz 36 chi 38 tai 40 ban bhu ind pak srl 41 mya tha vie 42 bor brn jaw phi sul 51 nzl 60 fij van 61 sci tua 77 usa 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 bah bbd cay cub dom his jam pue ven vir 82 CLM SWC VEN 83 PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Achania acapulcensis (Kunth) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 1: 18 (1825)
= Achania coccinea Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 385 (1796)
= Achania grandiflorus (Kunth) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 1: 17 (1825)
= Achania malvaviscus (L.) Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. [O.P.Swartz] 102 (1788)
= Achania mollis Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 459 (1789)
= Hibiscus coccineus var. integrifolius Chapm.; Bot. Gaz. 3: 3 (1878)
= Hibiscus integrifolius (Chapm.) Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 135 (1898)
= Hibiscus jerroldianus Paxton; Paxton´s Mag. Bot. 13: t. 1 (1847)
= Hibiscus malvaviscus L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 694 (1753)
= Hibiscus nutans Sessé & Moc.; Fl. Mexic., ed. 2: 161 (1894)
= Hibiscus speciosus Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 2: 456 (1789)
= Malvaviscus acapulcensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 5: 286 (1822)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. grisebachii Baker f.; J. Bot. 37: 345 (1899)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. lobatus A.Robyns; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 522, fig. 4F (1966)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. pilosus Hitchc.; Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 64 (1893)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. sagranus (A.Rich.) Baker f.; J. Bot. 37: 345 (1899)
= Malvaviscus balbisii DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 445 (1824)
= Malvaviscus cordifolius Moench; Methodus [Moench], Suppl. 208 (1802)
= Malvaviscus malvaviscus (L.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 142 (1894), nom. inval.
= Malvaviscus mollis (Aiton) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 445 (1824)
= Malvaviscus oligotrichus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 190 (1858)
= Malvaviscus polakowskyi Baker f. [J.Bot.37: 346 (1899)]
variant :
var. drummondii (Torr. & A.Gray) Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 223 (1942)
Distribution: China [I] (Fujian [I], Guangdong [I]); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas); Mexico (Chiapas, Hidalgo, Morelos, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Cuba [I]
36 chi 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 81 cub
Synonyms: hidden
= Hibiscus drummondii (Torr. & A.Gray) M.Young; Familiar Lessons Bot. Fl. Texas 186 (1873)
= Malvaviscus drummondii Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1(2): 230 (1838)
= Pavonia drummondii (Torr. & A.Gray) Torr. & A.Gray; Fl. N. Amer. [Torrey & A.Gray] 1: 682 (1840)
variant :
var. mexicanus Schltdl.; Linnaea 11: 359 (1837)
Distribution: Chad [I]; China [I] (Guangdong [I], Yunnan [I]); Myanmar [I]; Niue [I]; Fiji [I]; Guam [I]; Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Mexico (Sinaloa, Durango, Tamaulipas, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, Queretaro, Hidalgo, Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacán, México State, México Distrito Federal, Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas, Campeche, Yucatan, Quintana Roo); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Cuba; Jamaica; Ecuador; Peru
24 cha 36 chi 41 mya 60 fij nue 62 gum 63 haw 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 CUB JAM 83 ECU PER
Synonyms: hidden
= Achania ciliata Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 3: 100 (1826)
= Achania pilosa Sw.; Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. [O.P.Swartz] 102 (1788)
= Hibiscus bancroftianus Ham. ex Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 85 (1859)
= Hibiscus pilosus (Sw.) Fawc. & Rendle; Fl. Jamaica [Fawcett & Rendle] 5: 137 (1926)
= Malvaviscus arboreus subsp. sagraeanus (A.Rich.) Hadac
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. brihondus Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 213, fig (1942)
= Malvaviscus arboreus subsp. cubensis (Schltdl.) Hadac; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 432 (1970)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. cubensis Schltdl.; Linnaea 11: 360 (1837)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. parviflorus Griseb.; Fl. Brit. W. I. [Grisebach] 83 (1859)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. sepium (Schltdl.) Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 226 (1942)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. sloanei Baker f.; J. Bot. 37: 345 (1899)
= Malvaviscus brevibracteatus Baker f. [J.Bot.37: 347 (1899)]
= Malvaviscus brevipes Benth.; Bot. Voy. Sulphur [Bentham] 68 (1844)
= Malvaviscus ciliatus DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 445 (1824), nom. superfl.
= Malvaviscus concinnus Schltdl.; Linnaea 11: 361 (1837)
= Malvaviscus conzattii Greenm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 333 (1912)
= Malvaviscus glabrescens Planch. & Linden ex Triana & Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 17: 168 (1862)
= Malvaviscus grandiflorus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 5: 286 (1822)
= Malvaviscus jordan-mottii Millsp.; Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 73 (1900)
= Malvaviscus pentacarpus Moc. & Sessé ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 445 (1824)
= Malvaviscus pilosus (Sw.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 445 (1824)
= Malvaviscus pulvinatus A.Rich.; Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 133 (1841)
= Malvaviscus rivularis Brandegee; Zoe 5: 211 (1905)
= Malvaviscus sagranus A.Rich.; Hist. Phys. Cuba, Pl. Vasc. 131 (1841)
= Malvaviscus sepium Schltdl.; Linnaea 11: 361 (1837)
= Pavonia spiralis Cav.; Icon. [Cavanilles] 5: 20 (1799)
species :
Malvaviscus concinnus Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 5: 286 (1821)
Distribution: Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Putumayo, Santander, Sucre, Tolima); Venezuela (Aragua, Carabobo, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Portuguesa, Tachira, Zulia); Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (La Paz); N-Brazil (Amazonas, Acre)
80 COS PAN 82 CLM VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Achania concinna (Kunth) F.Dietr.; Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 1: 16 (1825)
= Malvaviscus cordatus DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 445 (1824)
= Malvaviscus cuspidatus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 31(1): 190 (1858)
= Malvaviscus funckeanus Linden & Planch.; Pl. Columb. [Linden] 1: 41 (1863)
= Malvaviscus guerkeanus Hieron.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 320 (1895)
= Malvaviscus integrifolius Ulbr.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 50: 88 (1908 publ. 1909)
= Malvaviscus leucocarpus Planch. & Linden; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 17: 169 (1862)
= Malvaviscus maynensis Huber; Bol. Mus. Goeldi Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 4: 583 (1906)
= Malvaviscus populifolius C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 135 (1835)
= Malvaviscus spathulatus Garcke; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 21: 321 (1853)
= Malvaviscus speciosus Linden & Planch.; Pl. Columb. [Linden] 1: 42 (1863)
= Malvaviscus ulei Ulbr.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6: 328 (1915)
= Malvaviscus velutinus Planch. & Triana; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 17: 168 (1862)
species :
Malvaviscus elegans Linden & Planch.; Pl. Columb. [Linden] 1: 41 (1863), et ex Gürke, Fl. Bras. [Martius] 12(3): 537 (1892), Sprague in Kew Bull. 41 (1926)
Distribution: Colombia (Cesar, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Norte de Santander)
82 CLM
species :
Malvaviscus lanceolatus Rose; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 175 (1899)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Malvaviscus oaxacanus Standl.; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 775 (1923)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz)
79 MEX
species :
Malvaviscus palmanus Pittier & Donn.Sm.; Bot. Gaz. 23: 238 (1897)
Distribution: Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica
80 COS HON NIC
Synonyms: hidden
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. palmanus (Pittier & Donn.Sm.) Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 222 (1942)
species :
Malvaviscus palmatus Ulbr.; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 50: 89 (1908 publ. 1909)
Distribution: Brazil (Acre)
84 BRA
Synonyms: hidden
= Pavonia palmata (Ulbr.) B.L.Turner & M.G.Mendenh.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80(2): 457 (1993)
species :
Malvaviscus penduliflorus [Moc. & Sessé] ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 1: 445 (1824)
Name: Christmas Flower, Datwan, Sleeping Hibiscus (Trinidad & Tobago); Mazapan; Abutilon Espana, Mar serena, Pasiflora (Cuba), Pepper hibiscus, Sleeping hibiscus (Jamaica)
Distribution: Benin [I]; Bhutan [I]; India [I]; Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Myanmar [I]; Thailand [I]; Rotuma Isl. [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Pohnpei [I]); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Puebla, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan); Honduras; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Cuba [I]; Cayman Isl. [I]; Jamaica [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Guadeloupe [I]; St. Lucia [I]; Tobago [I]; Trinidad [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Ecuador [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [c]
22 ben 40 ban bhu ind srl 41 mya tha 60 rot 61 coo 62 mic 79 MEX 80 HON pan 81 bah cay cub gdl jam pue stl trt 82 clm ven 83 bol ecu per
Synonyms: hidden
= Malvaviscus arboreus subsp. penduliflorus (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Hadac; Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 432 (1970)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. longifolius (Garcke) Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 218 (1942)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. penduliflorus (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 223 (1942)
= Malvaviscus longifolius Garcke; Allg. Gartenzeitung [Otto & Dietrich] 22: 321 (1854), nom. illeg.
species :
Malvaviscus urticifolius (C.Presl) Fryxell; Syst. Bot. 12(2): 279 (1987)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Guerrero, Mexico State, Michoacán, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Malache urticifolia (C.Presl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 71 (1891)
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. hintonii (Bullock) Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 217 (1942)
= Malvaviscus hintonii Bullock; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 291 (1937)
= Pavonia urticifolia C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 2: 128 (1835)
species :
Malvaviscus williamsii Ulbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 545 (1932)
Distribution: Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó)
82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Malvaviscus arboreus var. williamsii (Ulbr.) Schery; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 227 (1942)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.06 (June 15th, 2025)

Covering 356,645 accepted species,
8,788 hybrids, 48,065 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,237 synonyms,
in total 1,416,735* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life