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495.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6747; hybrids: 10
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
495.3331 Genus Mascarenhasia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 487 (1844)
Distribution: Tropical Africa (1), Madagascar (8), Comores
Species listed in database: 8
= Echitella Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 88 (1949)
= Lanugia N.E.Br.; Torreya 27: 51 (1927)
species :
Mascarenhasia arborescens A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 488 (1844)
Distribution: Cameroon [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Kenya; Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Madagascar; Comores; Seychelles [I]; Panama [I]
23 cmn ZAI 25 KEN TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 29 COM MDG sey 80 pan
Synonyms: hidden
= Echites arborescens Bojer ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 488 (1844), nom. illeg.)
= Holarrhena madagascariensis Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 424 (1886)
= Lanugia latifolia N.E.Br.; Torreya 27: 52 (1927)
= Lanugia micrantha (Scott Elliot ex Baker) N.E.Br.; Torreya 27: 53 (1927)
= Lanugia variegata (Britten & Rendle) N.E.Br.; Torreya 27: 53 (1927)
= Mascarenhasia anceps B.Boivin ex Jum.; Rev. Cult. Colon. 5: 300 (1899)
= Mascarenhasia angustifolia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 488 (1844)
= Mascarenhasia angustifolia var. keraudreniana Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 586 (1972 publ. 1973)
= Mascarenhasia arborea Boivin ex Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 300 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens subsp. angustifolia (A.DC.) Boiteau; Caoutchouc Madag. 13 (1943)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. anceps (B.Boivin ex Jum.) Lassia; Mascarenhasia Landolphia Madagascar 41 (1927)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. angustifolia (A.DC.) Lassia; Mascarenhasia Landolphia Madagascar 41 (1927)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. boivinii (Dubard) Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 588 (1972 publ. 1973)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. comorensis Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 588 (1972 publ. 1973)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. coriacea (Dubard) Lassia; Mascarenhasia Landolphia Madagascar 42 (1927)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. gracilis Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 589 (1972 publ. 1973)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. keraudreniana Markgr.; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 12: 586 (1972 publ. 1973)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. lanceolata Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 296 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. longifolia (Jum.) Lassia; Mascarenhasia Landolphia Madagascar 42 (1927)
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. micrantha (Baker) Boiteau; Caoutchouc Madag. 13 (1943)
= Mascarenhasia barabanja Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 301 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia boivinii Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 299 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia coriacea Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 298 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia elastica K.Schum.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 270 (1899)
= Mascarenhasia fischeri K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 318 (1895)
= Mascarenhasia grandidieri Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 301 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia longifolia Jum.; Rev. Gén. Bot. 22: 360
= Mascarenhasia micrantha Scott Elliot ex Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 335 (1890)
= Mascarenhasia sessilifolia Scott Elliot ex Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 29 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia variegata Britten & Rendle; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 4: 26 (1894)
species :
Mascarenhasia havetii A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 488 (1844)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Echites havetii Bojer ex A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 488 (1844)
= Mascarenhasia maroana Aug.DC.; Bull. Herb. Boissier, Sér. 2, 1: 580 (1901)
= Mascarenhasia speciosa var. havenii (A.DC.) Boiteau; Caoutchouc Madag. 8 (1943)
= Mascarenhasia thiryana Pierre ex Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 303 (1906)
species :
Mascarenhasia lanceolata A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 488 (1844)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Mascarenhasia arborescens var. lanceolata (A.DC.) Lassia; Mascarenhasia Landolphia Madagascar 41 (1927)
= Mascarenhasia brevituba Vatke; Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 9: 125 (1885)
= Mascarenhasia lanceolata var. parvifolia (Dubard) Boiteau; Caoutchouc Madag. 14 (1943)
= Mascarenhasia parvifolia Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 307 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia rosea Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 335 (1890)
= Mascarenhasia utilis Baker; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 24: t. 2390 (1895)
species :
Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 487 (1844)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Echitella lisianthiflora (A.DC.) Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 90 (1949)
= Echitella perrieri (Lassia) Pichon; Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 90 (1949)
= Echites lisianthiflorus Bojer; Hortus Maurit. 211 (1837), nomen
= Mascarenhasia geayi Costantin & Poiss.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 144: 1054 (1907)
= Mascarenhasia humblotii Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 262 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia kakomba Costantin & Poiss.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 144: 1054 (1907)
= Mascarenhasia kidroa Costantin & Poiss.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 144: 1054 (1907)
= Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora subsp. geayi (Costantin & Poiss.) Boiteau; Caoutchouc Madag. 10 (1943)
= Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora subsp. macrocalyx (Baker) Boiteau; Caoutchouc Madag. 9 (1943)
= Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora var. baronica Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 259 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora var. hybrida Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 259 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora var. pubescens Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 258 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia macrocalyx Baker; J. Bot. 20: 219 (1882)
= Mascarenhasia pallida Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 262 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia perrieri Lassia; Mascarenhasia Landolphia Madagascar 48 (1927)
= Mascarenhasia phyllocalyx Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 261 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia rutenbergiana Vatke; Abh. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 9: 124 (1885)
= Mascarenhasia tenuifolia Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 263 (1906)
= Mascarenhasia velutina Jum.; Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 128: 1351 (1898)
species :
Mascarenhasia macrosiphon Baker; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 504 (1887)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Mascarenhasia mangorensis Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Agric. Prat. Pays Chauds 12(2): 433 (1912)
species :
Mascarenhasia rubra Jum. & H.E.P.Perrier; Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, Sér. 3, 6: 19 (1918)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
species :
Mascarenhasia speciosa Scott Elliot; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 32 (1893)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Mascarenhasia speciosa var. dextra Dubard; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 256 (1906)
species :
Mascarenhasia tampinensis Pichon; Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 211 (1948)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

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With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

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