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507.0000 Family Scrophulariaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 117 (1789), nom. cons., s. str.
62 genera, ca. 2000 spp. Phylogeny: Villaverde et al. 2023
Species listed in database: 2054; hybrids: 263
= Bontiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 77 (1834)
= Buddlejaceae K.Wilh.; Samenpflanzen 90 (1910), nom. cons.
= Caprariaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 102 (1820)
= Hebenstretiaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 76 (1834)
= Hemimeridaceae Doweld; Tent. Syst. Pl. Vasc.: xlix (2001)
= Limosellaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 340 (1858)
= Myoporaceae R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 514 (1810), nom. cons.
= Oftiaceae Takht. & Reveal; Phytologia 74: 284 (1993)
= Polypremaceae Takht. ex Reveal; Kew Bull. 66: 47 (2011)
= Selaginaceae Choisy; Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève (Mém. Sélag. 19) 2: 89 (1823), nom. cons.
= Verbascaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 243 (1820)
507.1118 Genus Melanospermum Hilliard; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(3): 482 (1988 publ. 1989)
Distribution: South Africa
Species listed in database: 6
species :
Melanospermum foliosum (Benth.) Hilliard; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(3): 482 (1988 publ. 1989)
Distribution: W-Zimbabwe; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng)
26 ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Polycarena discolor Schinz; Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 31: 191 (1890)
= Polycarena foliosa Benth.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 10: 351 (1846)
species :
Melanospermum italae Hilliard; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(3): 482 (1988 publ. 1989)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
species :
Melanospermum rudolfii Hilliard; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(3): 483 (1988 publ. 1989)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga)
27 SAF
species :
Melanospermum rupestre (Hiern) Hilliard; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(3): 483 (1988 publ. 1989)
Distribution: South Africa (Gauteng, Mpulamanga)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllopodium rupestre Hiern; J. Bot. 41: 365 (1903)
= Polycarena rupestris (Hiern) Levyns; J. S. African Bot. 5: 37 (1939)
species :
Melanospermum swazicum Hilliard; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(3): 483 (1988 publ. 1989)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
species :
Melanospermum transvaalense (Hiern) Hilliard; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 45(3): 483 (1988 publ. 1989)
Distribution: Botswana; South Africa (Mpulamanga, Free State)
27 BOT SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Phyllopodium calvum Hiern; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(2): 315 (1904)
= Polycarena calva (Hiern) Levyns; J. S. African Bot. 5: 37 (1939)
= Polycarena transvaalensis Hiern; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4(2): 330 (1904)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.05 (May 20th, 2026)

Covering 359,646 accepted species,
8,890 hybrids, 47,679 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,012,517 synonyms,
in total 1,428,732* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life