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452.0000 Family Asteraceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 55 (1822)
1620 genera, ca. 29.000 spp. (35.000 spp. incl. microspecies). Systematics taken mostly from Funk et al. (2009, 2020) and Zuntini et al. (2024). Barnadesioideae (so far treated as most basal member of Asteraceae) might be a separate family, more related to Calyceraceae.
Species listed in database: 35331; hybrids: 682
= Acarnaceae Link; (1829)
= Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820), nom. cons.
= Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Aposeridaceae Raf.; New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4: 106 (1838)
= Arctotaceae Bessey; Univ. Stud. Nebraska 14: 107 (1914)
= Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Artemisiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 48 (1820)
= Athanasiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 56 (1820)
= Calendulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Carduaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Carlinaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Centaureaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Cichoriaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 168 (1789), nom. cons.
= Cnicaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 297 (1818)
= Compositae Giseke; Prael. Ord. Nat. Pl. 538 (1792), nom. cons.
= Coreopsidaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 768 (1829)
= Cynaraceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 926, 931, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Echinopaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 255 (1820)
= Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 253 (1820)
= Gnaphaliaceae Link ex F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 46 (1830)
= Grindeliaceae Rchb. ex A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 330 (1907)
= Heleniaceae Raf.; Cincinnati Lit. Gaz. 2: 28 (1824)
= Helianthaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Helichrysaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 712 (1829)
= Inulaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Ivaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 1: 31 (1837)
= Lactucaceae Drude; Handb. Bot. 3(2): 369 (1886)
= Lapsanaceae Martinov; (1820)
= Madiaceae A.Heller; Muhlenbergia 2: 332 (1907)
= Matricariaceae Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 400 (1845)
= Mutisiaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 934, 935, 1094, 1111 (1835)
= Nassauviaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 290 (1836)
= Partheniaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 816 (1829)
= Perdiciaceae Link; Handbuch [Link] 1: 728 (1829)
= Picridaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 482 (1820)
= Santolinaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 560 (1820)
= Senecionaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Serratulaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 577 (1820)
= Tanacetaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Tussilagaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 254 (1820)
= Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; Handb. Naturgesch. 296 (1836)
= Xanthiaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 298 (1818)
= Xeranthemaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 498 (1843)
452.9490 Genus Melanthera Rohr; Skr. Naturhist.-Selsk. 2: 213 (1792)
Distribution: trop. and subtrop. America. Whether the Old World members of this genus really belong here, remains unclear.
Species listed in database: 4
= Echinocephalum Gardner; London J. Bot. 7: 294 (1848)
= Melananthera Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 106 (1803), orth. var.
species :
Melanthera nivea (L.) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1251 (1903)
Name: Dog Bush (Trinidad & Tobago); Romerillo cimarron (Cuba), Clavel blanco (Dominican Republic), Cariaquillo blanco, Salaillo, Yerba de cabra (Puerto Rico)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina); Mexico (Campeche, Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, México State, Michoacan, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas); Guatemala; Belize; El Salvador; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Puerto Rico; Virgin Isl. (St. Thomas, Tortola); St. Kitts; Antigua; Marie-Galante; Dominica; Martinique; St. Lucia; Grenadines; St. Vincent; Grenada; Barbados; Tobago; Trinidad; San Andres y Providencia (San Andres, Providencia y Santa Catalina); Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Caquetá, Chocó, Cundinamarca, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Risaralda, Santander, Tolima, Valle); Venezuela (Anzoategui, Aragua, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro, Venezuela Distrito Federal, Falcon, Guarico, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulia); Guyana; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia (Santa Cruz); N-Brazil (Amazonas)
74 USA 78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS ELS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ABA BAH BBD CAY CUB DOM GDL GRE HIS JAM MAR PUE STK STL STV TRT VIR 82 CLM GUY VEN 83 BOL ECU PER 84 BRA
Remarks: M. angustifolia (Florida and Mexico to Panama) is often kept separate
Synonyms: hidden
= Amellus asper (Jacq.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 305 (1891)
= Amellus asper f. bicolor Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306 (1891)
= Amellus asper var. canescens Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306 (1891)
= Amellus asper var. glabriusculus Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306 (1891)
= Amellus discoideus (Baker) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306 (1891)
= Amellus echinocephalon Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306 (1891)
= Amellus lanceolatus (Benth. ex Oerst.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306 (1891)
= Amellus microphyllus (Steetz) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306 (1891)
= Amellus niveus (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306 (1891)
= Amellus oxylepis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 306 (1891)
= Athanasia hastata Walter; Fl. Carol. [Walter] 201 (1788)
= Bidens nivea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 833 (1753)
= Calea aspera Jacq.; Collectanea [Jacquin] 2: 290 (1788)
= Echinocephalum discoideum Baker; Fl. Bras. [Martius] 6(3): 230 (1884)
= Elephantopus cuneifolius E.Fourn.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 30: 186 (1883)
= Melananthera deltoidea Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 107 (1803)
= Melananthera hastata Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 107 (1803)
= Melanthera amellus var. subhastata (O.E.Schulz) D´Arcy; Phytologia 30(1): 6 (1975)
= Melanthera amethystina O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 127 (1911)
= Melanthera angustifolia A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 11: 54 (1850)
= Melanthera angustifolia var. subhastata O.E.Schulz; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 109 (1929)
= Melanthera aspera (Jacq.) Rendle; Fl. Jamaica [Fawcett & Rendle] 7: 5: 232 (1936)
= Melanthera aspera (Jacq.) Rich. ex Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 3: 40 (1822) ex O. E. Schulz in Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 120 (1911)
= Melanthera aspera var. canescens Thell.; Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchâtel 5(2): 426 (1914)
= Melanthera aspera var. glabriuscula (Kuntze) J.C.Parks; Rhodora 75: 194 (1973)
= Melanthera aspera var. subhastata (O.E.Schulz) D´Arcy; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 1119 (1976)
= Melanthera brevifolia O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 123 (1911)
= Melanthera buchii Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 3: 411 (1903)
= Melanthera calcicola Britton; Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 6: 309 (1925)
= Melanthera canescens (Kuntze) O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 116 (1911)
= Melanthera canescens f. bicolor O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 117 (1911)
= Melanthera canescens O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 116 (1911)
= Melanthera carpenteri Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1251, 1340 (1903)
= Melanthera confusa Britton; Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 6: 309 (1925)
= Melanthera corymbosa Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 2: 135 (1821)
= Melanthera crenata O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 123 (1911)
= Melanthera deltoidea Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 106 (1803)
= Melanthera discoidea (Baker) S.F.Blake; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 254 (1930)
= Melanthera hastata (Walter) Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 107 (1803)
= Melanthera hastata subsp. cubensis (O.E.Schulz) Borhidi; Bot. Kozlem. 58: 177 (1971)
= Melanthera hastata subsp. lobata (Pursh) Borhidi; Bot. Kozlem. 58: 177 (1971)
= Melanthera hastata var. cubensis O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 125 (1911)
= Melanthera hastata var. lobata Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 519 (1813)
= Melanthera hastata var. pandurata Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 2: 519 (1813)
= Melanthera hastata var. parvifolia O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 126 (1911)
= Melanthera hastifolia S.F.Blake; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 29 (1922)
= Melanthera lanceolata Benth. ex Oerst.; Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn, Ser. 1, 2: 88 (1852)
= Melanthera ligulata Small; Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 439 (1905)
= Melanthera linearis S.F.Blake; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 30 (1922)
= Melanthera linnaei Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.], ed. fol. 4: 199 (1818)
= Melanthera lobata Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1251, 1340 (1903)
= Melanthera longipes Rusby; Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 153 (1920)
= Melanthera microphylla Steetz; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 156 (1854)
= Melanthera molliuscula O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 121 (1911)
= Melanthera montana O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 121 (1911)
= Melanthera nivea O.E.Schulz; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 7: 118 (1911)
= Melanthera nivea subsp. cubensis (O.E.Schulz) Borhidi; Bot. Közlem. 58(3): 177 (1971)
= Melanthera nivea subsp. lobata (Pursh) Borhidi; Bot. Kozlem. 58(3): 177 (1971)
= Melanthera nivea var. glabriuscula (Kuntze) J.C.Parks; Rhodora 75(802): 194 (1973)
= Melanthera nivea var. subhastata (O.E.Schulz) D´Arcy; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62(4): 1119 (1975 publ. 1976)
= Melanthera oxycarpha S.F.Blake; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 628 (1924)
= Melanthera oxylepis DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 5: 545 (1836)
= Melanthera panduriformis Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 29: 485 (1823)
= Melanthera parviceps S.F.Blake; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 22: 384 (1932)
= Melanthera purpurascens S.F.Blake; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 22: 629 (1924)
= Melanthera trilobata Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 29: 485 (1827)
= Melanthera urticifolia Cass.; Dict. Sci. Nat. [F.Cuvier], éd. 2, 29: 484 (1827)
= Wulffia angustifolia (A.Rich.) M.Gómez; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 274 (1890)
= Wulffia deltoidea (Michx.) M.Gómez; Dicc. Bot. Nombres Vulg. Cub. Puerto-Riq. 26 (1889)
= Wulffia hastata M.Gómez; Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 274 (1890)
species :
Melanthera parvifolia Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1251 (1903)
Distribution: USA (Florida)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Melanthera radiata Small; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 36: 163 (1909)
species :
Melanthera prostrata (Hemsl.) W.L.Wagner & H.Rob.; Brittonia 53: 557 (2002)
Distribution: China (Guangdong); South Korea; Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Bonin Isl. (Keetaajima, Nakohdojima, Chichijima, Anijima, Minamijima); Taiwan; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Vietnam
36 CHI 38 JAP KOR NNS OGA TAI 40 SRL 41 THA VIE
Remarks: possibly into Wollastonia
Synonyms: hidden
= Eclipta dentata H.Lév. & Vaniot; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 20(2/243): 11 (1910)
= Melanthera taiwanensis S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 3: 224 (2022)
= Seruneum prostratum (Hemsl.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 361 (1891)
= Verbesina prostrata Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 195 (1837), nom. illeg.
= Wedelia prostrata Hemsl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 434 (1888)
= Wollastonia dentata (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Orchard; Nuytsia 23: 397 (2013)
= Wollastonia prostrata Hook. & Arn.; Bot. Beechey Voy. 265 (1838), not DC. (1836)
species :
Melanthera robusta (Makino) K.Ohashi & H.Ohashi; J. Jap. Bot. 85(1): 59 (2010)
Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.
38 JAP NNS
Remarks: possibly into Wollastonia
Synonyms: hidden
= Melanthera prostrata var. robusta (Makino) S.S.Ying; New Taxa New Names 1: 109 (2019)
= Wedelia prostrata var. robusta Makino; (1917)
= Wedelia robusta (Makino) Kitam.; Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 16(3): 258 (1942)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.10 (Oct. 12th, 2025)

Covering 357,450 accepted species,
8,806 hybrids, 48,075 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,004,944 synonyms,
in total 1,419,285* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life