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519.0000 Family Lamiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 355 (1820), nom. cons., nom. alt.
Latest phylogeny: Zhao et al. 2021
Species listed in database: 7866; hybrids: 382
= Aegiphilaceae Raf.; Sylva Tellur. 161 (1838)
= Ajugaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 375 (1843)
= Chloanthaceae Hutch.; Fam. Fl. Pl., Dicot., ed. 2: 396 (1959)
= Glechomaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 288 (1820)
= Labiatae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 110 (1789), nom. cons.
= Melissaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Melittidaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 390 (1820)
= Menthaceae Burnett; Outlines Bot. [Burnett] 969, 1095, 1106 (1835)
= Monardaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 661 (1858)
= Nepetaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Salazariaceae F.A.Barkley; Phytologia 32: 304 (1975)
= Salviaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 245 (1820)
= Saturejaceae Döll; Fl. Baden [Döll] 2: 664. med (1858)
= Scutellariaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 373 (1843)
= Siphonanthaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 87 (1838)
= Stachydaceae Döll; Rhein. Fl. [Döll] 366 (1843)
= Symphoremataceae Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 4(3): 13 (1849)
= Viticaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 106 (1789)
519.2398 Genus Monarda L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 22 (1753)
Distribution: North America
Species listed in database: 23; hybrids: 1
= Cheilyctis Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 726 (1836)
species :
Monarda austroappalachiana Floden; Phytoneuron 2015-28: 2 (2015)
Distribution: USA (Tennessee, Georgia)
78 USA
species :
Monarda bartlettii Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 208 (1937)
Distribution: Mexico (Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda dressleri Scora; Madroño 18: 119 (1965)
= Monarda malloryi Gilly; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 71: 658 (1944)
species :
Monarda bradburiana Beck; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10: 260 (1826)
Name: Eastern beebalm
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda amplexicaulis Fisch. ex C.Morren; Belgique Hort. 1: 41 (1851)
= Monarda rigida Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 37 (1830)
= Monarda villosa M.Martens; Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 8(1): 66 (1841)
species :
Monarda brevis (Fosberg & Artz) Floden; J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 11(2): 308 (2017)
Distribution: USA (Virginia, West Virginia)
75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda fistulosa var. brevis Fosberg & Artz; Castanea 18: 128 (1953)
species :
Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag.; Gen. Sp. Pl. [Lagasca] 2 (1816)
Name: Lemon beebalm
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah); Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Michoacán, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas)
74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda aristata Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 186 (1835)
= Monarda dispersa Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1038 (1903)
= Monarda tenuiaristata Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1038 (1903)
= Monarda citriodora var. attenuata Scora; Madroño 18: 121 (1965)
variant :
var. austromontana (Epling) B.L.Turner; Phytologia 77: 61 (1994)
Distribution: USA (Arizona, New Mexico); Mexico (Michoacán, Sinaloa, Nuevo León, Chihuahua, etc.)
76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda austromontana Epling; Madroño 3: 28 (1935)
= Monarda citriodora subsp. austromontana (Epling) Scora; Madroño 18: 120 (1965)
= Monarda mexicana Epling; Madroño 3: 26 (1935)
variant :
var. parva Scora; Madroño 18: 120 (1965)
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
species :
Monarda clinopodia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 22 (1753)
Name: White bergamot
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda allophylla Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 16 (1803)
= Monarda altissima Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 33 (1809)
= Monarda clinopodifolia L.; Amoen. Acad., Linnaeus ed. 3: 399 (1756)
= Monarda fistulosa var. clinopodia (L.) Cooperr.; Michigan Bot. 23: 166 (1984)
= Monarda glabra Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 256 (1797)
= Monarda rugosa Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 36 (1789)
= Monardella caroliniana Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 332 (1834)
species :
Monarda clinopodioides A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 375 (1878)
Name: Basil beebalm
Distribution: USA (Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda aristata Hook.; Bot. Mag. 63: t. 3526 (1836)
species :
Monarda didyma L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 22 (1753)
Name: Scarlet beebalm, Oswego Tea (EN)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Slovakia [I]; Slovenia [I]; Estonia [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec); USA (Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, West Virginia)
11 ger slo 13 slv 14 est 72 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda coccinea Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 16 (1803), nom. illeg.
= Monarda contorta C.Morren; Belgique Hort. 1: 37 (1851)
= Monarda didyma var. angustifolia Torr.; Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 25 (1824)
= Monarda kalmiana Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 17 (1813)
= Monarda oswegoensis W.P.C.Barton; Fl. Philadelph. Prodr. 1: 34 (1815)
= Monarda purpurascens Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1828: [4] (1828)
= Monarda purpurea Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 256 (1797)
species :
Monarda eplingiana Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 208 (1937)
Distribution: NE-Mexico
79 MEX
species :
Monarda fistulosa L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 22 (1753)
Name: Wild bergamot (EN)
Distribution: India [c]; USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia); Mexico (Coahuila, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz)
40 ind 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda affinis Link; Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 9 (1821)
= Monarda albiflora C.Morren; Belgique Hort. 1: 40 (1851)
= Monarda barbata Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1828: [4] (1828)
= Monarda coerulea Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 317 (1833)
= Monarda commutata Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1828: [4] (1828)
= Monarda cristata Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 317 (1833)
= Monarda dubia Benth.; Labiat. Gen. Spec. [Bentham] 317 (1833)
= Monarda fistulosa f. albescens Farw.; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8: 276 (1923)
= Monarda fistulosa f. oblongata (Aiton) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 842 (1895)
= Monarda fistulosa f. russellii B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 1061 (1967)
= Monarda fistulosa var. incarnata Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 14 (1809)
= Monarda fistulosa var. oblongata (Aiton) Gams; Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. [Hegi] 5(4): 2508 (1927)
= Monarda fistulosa var. oblongata Merrem; Handb. Pflanzenk. [Merrem] 14 (1809)
= Monarda hybrida Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1828: [4] (1828)
= Monarda involucrata Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1828: [4] (1828)
= Monarda lilacina Wender.; Index Sem. (Marburg) 1828: [4] (1828)
= Monarda longifolia Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 4: 255 (1797)
= Monarda oblongata Aiton; Hort. Kew. [W.Aiton] 1: 36 (1789)
= Monarda purpurascens Dum.Cours.; Bot. Cult., ed. 2, 3: 4 (1811)
= Monarda purpurea Pursh; Fl. Amer. Sept. [Pursh] 1: 17 (1813)
= Monarda scabra Beck; Amer. J. Sci. Arts 10: 260 (1826)
= Monarda undulata Tausch ex Rchb.; Iconogr. Bot. Exot. 2: 31 (1828)
= Monarda urticifolia Tausch; Hort. Canal. 2: t. 13 (1825)
= Monarda varians W.P.C.Barton; Fl. Philadelph. Prodr. 1: 36 (1815)
= Monarda violacea Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 2: 66 (1815)
= Monarda virginalis E.Vilm.; Fl. Pleine Terre, éd. 3: 709 (1870)
= Pycnanthemum monardella Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 2: 8 (1803)
variant :
var. maheuxii B.Boivin; Naturaliste Canad. 93: 1061 (1967)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario)
72 CDN
variant :
var. menthifolia (Graham) Fernald; Rhodora 46: 495 (1944)
Name: Mintleaf bergamot
Distribution: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northern Territories, Saskatchewan); USA (Arizona, Colorado, Iowa, Idaho, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming); Mexico (Nuevo León, Coahuila)
70 CDN 71 CDN 73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda comata Rydb.; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28: 502 (1901)
= Monarda fistulosa subsp. menthifolia (Graham) L.S.Gill; Caryologia 30: 387 (1977 publ. 1978)
= Monarda menthifolia Graham; Edinburgh New Philos. J. 1829(July-Oct.): 347 (1829)
= Monarda menthifolia var. praerea Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 5: 2 (1917)
= Monarda mollis var. menthifolia Fernald; Rhodora 3: 15 (1901)
= Monarda ramaleyi A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 31: 398 (1901)
= Monarda stricta Wooton; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 25: 263 (1898)
variant :
var. mollis (L.) L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus], ed. 2: 32 (1762)
Distribution: Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba); USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia); Mexico
71 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 77 USA 78 USA 79 MEX
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda fistulosa f. albiflora (Farw.) Sherff; Torreya 45: 68 (1945)
= Monarda mollis f. albiflora Farw.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 3: 103 (1924)
= Monarda mollis L.; Amoen. Acad., Linnaeus ed. 3: 399 (1756)
variant :
var. rubra A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 374 (1878)
Distribution: USA (Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Maine, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia)
74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
variant :
var. stipitatoglandulosa (Waterf.) comb.ined.
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Oklahoma)
74 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda stipitatoglandulosa Waterf.; Rhodora 72: 503 (1970)
species :
Monarda fruticulosa Epling; Madroño 3: 26 (1935)
Name: Spotted beebalm
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda punctata var. fruticulosa (Epling) Scora; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 41: 46 (1967)
species :
Monarda humilis (Torr.) Prather & J.A.Keith; Novon 13(1): 104 (2003)
Distribution: USA (New Mexico)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda punctata var. humilis Torr.; Rep. Exped. Zuni & Colorado Rivers [Sitgreave] 166 (1853)
species :
Monarda lindheimeri Engelm. & A.Gray; Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 228 (1845)
Name: Lindheimer´s beebalm
Distribution: USA (Louisiana, Texas)
77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda hirsutissima Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1037 (1903)
species :
Monarda luteola Singhurst & W.C.Holmes; Phytoneuron 41: 1 (-5; fig. 1) (2011)
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
species :
Monarda maritima (Cory) Correll; Wrightia 4: 27 (1968)
Name: Seaside beebalm
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda punctata var. maritima Cory; Field & Lab. 17: 52 (1949)
species :
Monarda media Willd.; Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. [Willdenow] 32 (1809)
Name: Purple bergamot
Distribution: Canada (Ontario); USA (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, West Virginia)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda fistulosa f. media (Willd.) Voss; Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3 [Siebert & Voss], 1: 842 (1895)
= Monarda fistulosa var. media (Willd.) A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 374 (1878)
species :
Monarda pectinata Nutt.; J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: (1847), 82
Name: Pony beebalm
Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wyoming)
73 USA 74 USA 75 USA 76 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda citriodora var. pectinata (Nutt.) Allred; Phytoneuron 2019-59: 1 (2019)
= Monarda nuttallii A.Nelson; Bot. Gaz. 31: 397 (1901)
= Monarda penicillata A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 369 (1821), orth. var.
species :
Monarda pringlei Fernald; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 36: 501 (1901)
Distribution: Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León)
79 MEX
species :
Monarda punctata L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 22 (1753)
Name: Spotted beebalm (EN)
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, California, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia)
75 USA 76 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda lutea Michx.; Fl. Bor.-Amer. [Michaux] 1: 16 (1803)
= Monarda punctata var. leucantha Nash; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 23: 104 (1896)
variant :
var. arkansana (E.M.McClint. & Epling) Shinners; Field & Lab. 21: 90 (1953)
Distribution: USA (Arkansas, Georgia, North Carolina)
78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda punctata subsp. arkansana E.M.McClint. & Epling; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 182 (1942)
variant :
var. correllii B.L.Turner; Phytologia 77: 74 (1994)
Distribution: USA (Texas); Mexico (Tamaulipas)
77 USA 79 MEX
variant :
var. coryi (E.M.McClint. & Epling) Shinners; Field & Lab. 21: 90 (1953)
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda punctata subsp. coryi E.M.McClint. & Epling; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 184 (1942)
variant :
var. intermedia (E.M.McClint. & Epling) Waterf.; Rhodora 52: 38 (1950)
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda punctata subsp. intermedia E.M.McClint. & Epling; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 184 (1942)
variant :
var. lasiodonta A.Gray; Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2(1): 375 (1878)
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda lasiodonta (A.Gray) Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1038 (1903)
= Monarda punctata subsp. immaculata Pennell; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 187 (1919)
= Monarda punctata var. immaculata (Pennell) Scora; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 41: 47 (1967)
variant :
var. occidentalis (Epling) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 634 (1935)
Distribution: USA (Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 75 USA 77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda punctata subsp. occidentalis Epling; Madroño 3: 25 (1935)
variant :
var. villicaulis (Pennell) Shinners; Field & Lab. 21: 90 (1953)
Distribution: Canada (Ontario, Québec); USA (Arkansas, Connecticut, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Vermont, Wisconsin)
72 CDN 74 USA 75 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda punctata subsp. villicaulis Pennell; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 46: 186 (1919)
species :
Monarda reedii Floden & J.F.Towns.; Phytotaxa 739(3): 264 (2026)
Distribution: USA (West Virginia)
75 USA
species :
Monarda russeliana Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 5: 185 (1835)
Name: Redpurple beebalm
Distribution: USA (Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas)
74 USA 77 USA 78 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda virgata Raf.; Med. Fl. 2: 37 (1830)
species :
Monarda stanfieldii Small; Fl. S.E. U.S. [Small] 1038 (1903)
Name: Stanfield´s beebalm
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
Synonyms: hidden
= Monarda punctata subsp. stanfieldii (Small) Epling; Madroño 3: 25 (1935)
= Monarda punctata var. stanfieldii (Small) Cory; Rhodora 38: 407 (1936)
species :
Monarda viridissima Correll; Wrightia 4: 76 (1968)
Name: Green beebalm
Distribution: USA (Texas)
77 USA
species :
Monarda ×medioides W.H.Duncan; Rhodora 61: 303 (1960)
Distribution: USA (Georgia, Indiana)
75 USA 78 USA
Remarks: Monarda fistulosa var. mollis x media
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life