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496.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6774; hybrids: 10
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han. 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat. 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot. 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 256 (1858)
496.6342 Genus Monolluma Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 64 (1995)
Distribution: 5 spp. Africa, Arabia
Species listed in database: 6
= Cylindrilluma Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 62 (1995)
= Sanguilluma Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 65 (1995)
= Sulcolluma Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 61 (1995)
species :
Monolluma cicatricosa (Deflers) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 65 (1995)
Distribution: Yemen (W-Yemen, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen)
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Boucerosia cicatricosa Deflers; Voyage Yemen 170 (1889)
= Caralluma cicatricosa (Deflers) N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 12: 369 (1892)
= Ceropegia cicatricosa (Deflers) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 412 (2017)
species :
Monolluma hexagona (Lavranos) Meve & Liede; Pl. Syst. Evol. 234(1-4): 203 (2002)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman; Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, Tihama, W-Yemen)
35 OMA SAU YEM
Conservation Status: IUCN V
Synonyms: hidden
= Caralluma foulcheri-delboscii Lavranos; J. S. African Bot. 30: 21 (1964)
= Caralluma foulcheri-delboscii var. greenbergiana Lavranos; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 39(1): 6 (-7) (1967)
= Caralluma hexagona Lavranos; J. S. African Bot. 29: 105 (1963)
= Caralluma hexagona var. septentrionalis Lavranos & L.E.Newton; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 51(5): 234 (1979)
= Caralluma shadhbana Lavranos; Fl. Pl. Africa 44(3-4): 1743 (1977)
= Caralluma shadhbana var. barhana Lavranos & L.E.Newton; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 51(5): 235 (1979)
= Ceropegia hexagona (Lavranos) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 412 (2017)
= Desmidorchis shadhbana (Lavranos) Lavranos; Fl. Kingdom Saudi Arabia 2(2): 53 (2001), nom. inval.
= Sulcolluma foulcheri-delboscii (Lavranos) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 62 (1995)
= Sulcolluma foulcheri-delboscii var. greenbergiana (Lavranos) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 62 (1995)
= Sulcolluma hexagona (Lavranos) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 62 (1995)
= Sulcolluma hexagona var. septentrionalis (Lavranos & L.E.Newton) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 62 (1995)
= Sulcolluma shadhbana (Lavranos) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 62 (1995)
= Sulcolluma shadhbana var. barhana (Lavranos & L.E.Newton) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 62 (1995)
species :
Monolluma mirbatensis (T.A.McCoy) comb.ined.
Distribution: Oman
35 OMA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Ceropegia mirbatensis (T.A.McCoy) R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar; J. Biodivers. Conservation 9(1): 75 (2025)
= Sulcolluma mirbatensis T.A.McCoy; Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 84(2): 103 (100-103
species :
Monolluma quadrangula (Forssk.) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 65 (1995)
Distribution: Saudi Arabia (Asir); Oman (Mascat & Oman); Yemen (Aden Desert, N-Inner Yemen, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen)
35 OMA SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Boucerosia forsskaolii Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 648 (1844), nom. illeg.
= Boucerosia quadrangula (Forssk.) Decne.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 8: 664 (1844)
= Caralluma forsskaolii (Decne.) Plowes; Asklepios 50: 16 (1990)
= Caralluma quadrangula (Forssk.) N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 12: 278 (1892)
= Ceropegia quadrangula (Forssk.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 412 (2017)
= Desmidorchis forsskalii Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 9: 265 (1838), nom. illeg.
= Desmidorchis quadrangula (Forssk.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 418 (1891)
= Desmidorchis quadrangula (Forssk.) M.G.Gilbert & J.Raynal; Adansonia, Sér. 2, 19(3): 322 (1980), isonym
= Echidnopsis quadrangula (Forssk.) Deflers; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 113 (1896)
= Stapelia quadrangula Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 52 (1775)
= Stapelia quadrangula var. ramosa Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 52 (1775)
species :
Monolluma socotrana (Balf.f.) Meve & Liede; Pl. Syst. Evol. 234(1-4): 203 (2002)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia (Somaliland, Somalia); Soqotra; Kenya
24 ETH SOC SOM 25 KEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Boucerosia socotrana Balf.f.; Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 79 (1884)
= Caralluma corrugata N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 280 (1912)
= Caralluma rivae Chiov.; Fl. Somala 222 (1929)
= Caralluma rosengrenii Vierh.; Oesterr. Bot. Z. 91 (1905)
= Caralluma socotrana (Balf.f.) N.E.Br.; Gard. Chron., n. s. 12: 370 (1892)
= Ceropegia socotrana (Balf.f.) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 412 (2017)
= Sanguilluma socotrana (Balf.f.) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 66 (1995)
species :
Monolluma solenophora (Lavranos) Meve & Liede; Pl. Syst. Evol. 234(1-4): 204 (2002)
Distribution: Yemen (Aden Desert)
35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Caralluma solenophora Lavranos; J. S. African Bot. 29: 107 (1963)
= Ceropegia solenophora (Lavranos) Bruyns; S. African J. Bot. 112: 413 (2017)
= Cylindrilluma solenophora (Lavranos) Plowes; Haseltonia 3: 63 (1995)
= Desmidorchis solenophora (Lavranos) Lavranos; Fl. Kingdom Saudi Arabia 2(2): 52 (2001), nom. inval.
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life