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443.0000 Family Campanulaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 163 (1789), nom. cons.
85 genera, ca. 2450 spp.
Species listed in database: 2465; hybrids: 24
= Cyananthaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl. 384 (1858)
= Cyphiaceae A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7(2): 497 (1839)
= Cyphocarpaceae (Miers) Reveal & Hoogland; Phytologia 79: 74 (1996)
= Dortmannaceae Rupr.; Fl. Ingr. [Ruprecht] 649 (1860)
= Jasionaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 28, 30 (1829)
= Lobeliaceae Juss.; Descr. Pl. Malmaison 19, t. 7 (1813), nom. cons.
= Nemacladaceae Nutt.; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 8: 254 (1842)
443.3014 Genus Monopsis Salisb.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London 2: (1817). 37
Distribution: Tropical and Southern Africa. The genus is monophyletic, but nested within Lobelia s. l.
Species listed in database: 15
= Parastranthus G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 716 (1834)
= Dobrowskia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 355 (1839)
= Mezleria C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 7 (1836)
species :
Monopsis acrodon E.Wimm.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 370 (1948)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Monopsis acrodon subsp. herois E.Wimm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.276c, Heft 106 (Lobelioid. Suppl.): 890 (1968)
species :
Monopsis alba Phillipson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 93(4): 334 (1986)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
species :
Monopsis belliflora E.Wimm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.276b, Heft 106 (Lobelioid.): 705 (1943)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
27 SAF
species :
Monopsis debilis (L.f.) C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 11 (1836)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Dortmanna debilis (L.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891)
= Lobelia debilis L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 395 (1782)
= Lobelia speculum Andrews; Bot. Repos. 10: t. 644 (1811)
= Monopsis speculum (Andrews) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 351 (1839)
variant :
var. depressa (L.f.) Phillipson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 93(4): 338 (1986)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Dobrowskya serratifolia A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 356 (1839)
= Dortmanna depressa (L.f.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891)
= Lobelia depressa L.f.; Suppl. Pl. [Linnaeus f.] 395 (1782)
= Lobelia sebae A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 386 (1839)
= Mezleria depressa (L.f.) C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 7 (1836)
= Monopsis inconspicua Salisb.; Trans. Hort. Soc. London 2: 40 (1817)
= Monopsis litigiosa Fisch. & C.A.Mey.; Index Sem. (St. Petersburg [Petropolitanus]) 7: 53 (1841)
= Monopsis monantha E.Wimm.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 370 (1948)
variant :
var. gracilis (C.Presl) Phillipson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 93(4): 340 (1986)
Distribution: South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Lobelia campanulata Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 588 (1792)
= Monopsis campanulata (Lam.) Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 534 (1865)
= Monopsis conspicua var. gracilis C.Presl; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. [Meyer] 284 (1838)
= Monopsis gracilis (C.Presl) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 352 (1839)
species :
Monopsis decipiens (Sond.) Thulin; Bot. Not. 132(2): 134 (1979)
Distribution: Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ ZIM 27 BOT LES SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Dortmanna decipiens (Sond.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891)
= Lobelia breynii var. bragae Engl.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C 402 (1895)
= Lobelia decipiens Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 540 (1865)
= Lobelia dobrowskioides Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 117 (1898)
species :
Monopsis flava (Eckl. & Zeyh.) E.Wimm.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 371 (1948)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Dortmanna scabra var. bicolor Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 188 (1898)
= Lobelia flava (C.Presl) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 734 (1839)
= Monopsis flava var. vitellina E.Wimm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.276b, Heft 106 (Lobelioid.): 710 (1943)
= Monopsis scabra var. bicolor (Kuntze) E.Wimm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.276b, Heft 106 (Lobelioid.): 709 (1943)
= Parastranthus flavus (C.Presl) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 785 (1839)
= Rapuntium flavum C.Presl; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 394 (1837)
species :
Monopsis kowynensis E.Wimm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.276b, Heft 106 (Lobelioid.): 784 (1943)
Distribution: South Africa (Mpulamanga)
27 SAF
species :
Monopsis lutea (L.) Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 276 (1881)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Dortmanna breynii (Lam.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891)
= Dortmanna lutea (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 187 (1898)
= Dortmanna lutea var. euphrasioides (Sond.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 188 (1898)
= Lobelia breynii Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 588 (1792)
= Lobelia ericoides (C.Presl) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 733 (1839)
= Lobelia lutea L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 2: 932 (1753)
= Monopsis arenaria E.Wimm.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 371 (1948)
= Monopsis lutea var. ericoides (C.Presl) Urb.; Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 276 (1881)
= Monopsis lutea var. euphrasioides (Sond.) Urb.; Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 276 (1881)
= Monopsis lutea var. subcoerulea Zahlbr.; Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 18: 408 (1903)
= Parastranthus capitatus (C.Presl) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 354 (1839)
= Parastranthus ericoides (C.Presl) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 354 (1839)
= Parastranthus euphrasioides A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 355 (1839), nom. inval.
= Parastranthus luteus (L.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 354 (1839)
= Parastranthus luteus var. capitatus (C.Presl) Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 536 (1865)
= Parastranthus luteus var. ericoides (C.Presl) Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 536 (1865)
= Parastranthus luteus var. euphrasioides Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 536 (1865)
= Parastranthus simplex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 716 (1834), nom. illeg.
= Rapuntium breynii (Lam.) C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 19 (1836)
= Rapuntium capitatum C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 11 (1836)
= Rapuntium ericoides C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 12 (1836)
= Rapuntium luteum (L.) C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 11 (1836)
species :
Monopsis malvacea E.Wimm.; Kew Bull. [7]: 142 (1952)
Distribution: Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Lobelia coddii Compton; J. S. African Bot. 41(1): 49 (1975)
species :
Monopsis scabra (Thunb.) Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 274 (1881)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cyphia simplex Spreng. ex C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 10 (1836)
= Dobrowskya dregeana C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 9 (1836)
= Dobrowskya polyphylla C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 10 (1836)
= Dobrowskya scabra (Thunb.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 355 (1839)
= Dobrowskya scabra var. dregeana (C.Presl) Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 549 (1865)
= Dobrowskya thunbergiana C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 9 (1836)
= Dortmanna scabra (Thunb.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 972 (1891)
= Lobelia scabra Thunb.; Phytogr. Bl. [G.F.Hoffmann] 1: 21 (1803)
species :
Monopsis simplex (L.) E.Wimm.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 370 (1948)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I])
27 SAF 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Campanula chondrophylla (H.Buek) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 753 (1839)
= Dobrowskya aspera (Spreng.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 356 (1839)
= Dobrowskya eckloniana C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 9 (1836), nom. superfl.
= Lobelia aspera Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 1: 222 (1820)
= Lobelia scabra Spreng.; Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. [Sprengel] 1: 272 (1820), nom. illeg.
= Lobelia simplex L.; Mant. Pl. Altera [Linnaeus] 291 (1771)
= Monopsis aspera (Spreng.) Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 274 (1881)
= Rapuntium simplex (L.) C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 17 (1836)
= Wahlenbergia chondrophylla H.Buek; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 381 (1837)
species :
Monopsis stellarioides (C.Presl) Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 275 (1881)
subspecies :
subsp. stellarioides
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Dobrowskya stellarioides C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 10 (1836)
= Dortmanna stellarioides (C.Presl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 188 (1898)
= Lobelia stellarioides (C.Presl) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 470 (1877)
= Parastranthus stellarioides (C.Presl) Vatke; Linnaea 38: 717 (1874)
subspecies :
subsp. schimperiana (Urb.) Thulin; Bot. Not. 132(2): 132 (1979)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Comores
23 BIO BUR CMN EQG RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW ZAM 29 COM
Synonyms: hidden
= Lobelia mukuluensis De Wild.; Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 8: Suppl. Bot. 26 (1920)
= Lobelia violaceoaurantiaca De Wild.; Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 8(Suppl. Bot.): 28 (1920)
= Monopsis brevicalyx T.C.E.Fr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 411 (1923)
= Monopsis schimperiana Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 275 (1881)
= Monopsis schimperiana var. brevifolia Chiov.; Racc. Bot. 73 (1935)
= Monopsis stellarioides f. violaceoaurantiaca (De Wild.) E.Wimm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.276b, Heft 106 (Lobelioid.): 704 (1943)
= Monopsis stellarioides var. schimperiana (Urb.) E.Wimm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.276b, Heft 106 (Lobelioid.): 704 (1943)
species :
Monopsis unidentata (Dryand.) E.Wimm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.276b, Heft 106 (Lobelioid.): 705 (1943)
subspecies :
subsp. unidentata
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Dobrowskya massoniana C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 10 (1836), nom. illeg.
= Dobrowskya stricta C.Presl; Enum. Pl. Afric. Austral. [Ecklon & Zeyher] 393 (1837)
= Dobrowskya unidentata (Dryand.) A.DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 7: 355 (1839)
= Dobrowskya zeyheriana C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 10 (1836)
= Dortmanna scabra var. albiflora Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 188 (1898)
= Dortmanna scabra var. violacea Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 188 (1898)
= Lobelia dobrowskiana D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 732 (1839)
= Lobelia unidentata Dryand.; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 1: 356 (1810)
= Lobelia unidentata Spreng.; Novi Provent. [Sprengel] 26 (1818), nom. illeg.
= Monopsis scabra var. albiflora (Kuntze) E.Wimm.; Pflanzenr. [Engler] IV.276b, Heft 106 (Lobelioid.): 709 (1943)
= Monopsis stricta (C.Presl ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) E.Wimm.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 371 (1948)
= Parastranthus unidentatus (Dryand.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 716 (1834)
subspecies :
subsp. intermedia Phillipson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 99(3): 268 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
subspecies :
subsp. laevicaulis (C.Presl) Phillipson; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 99(3): 270 (1989)
Distribution: South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Dobrowskya laevicaulis C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 10 (1836)
= Dobrowskya scabra var. glabrata Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 549 (1865)
= Monopsis laevicaulis (C.Presl) E.Wimm.; Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 371 (1948)
= Monopsis scabra var. glabrata (Sond.) Schönl.; Phan. Fl. Uitenhage 98 (1919)
= Monopsis scabra var. robusta Diels; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 26: 118 (1899)
species :
Monopsis variifolia (Sims) Urb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 277 (1881)
Distribution: South Africa (W-Cape Prov.)
27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Lobelia variifolia Sims; Bot. Mag. 41: t. 1692 (1814)
= Parastranthus variifolius (Sims) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 716 (1834)
= Rapuntium variifolium (Sims) C.Presl; Prodr. Monogr. Lobel. 12 (1836)
species :
Monopsis zeyheri (Sond.) Thulin; Bot. Not. 132(2): 135 (1979)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Namibia; South Africa (North-West Prov.)
25 KEN TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM ZIM 27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Cephalostigma nanella R.E.Fr.; Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exped. 1911-1912 1: 315 (1916)
= Lobelia fonticola Engl. & Gilg; Kunene-Sambesi-Exped. [Warburg] 398 (1903)
= Lobelia zeyheri Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 539 (1865)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.05 (May 23rd, 2025)

Covering 356,547 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,003,107 synonyms,
in total 1,416,616* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life