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491.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14337; hybrids: 48
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
491.2705 Genus Morinda L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 176 (1753)
Distribution: Tropics, esp. Old World. Species delimitation is disputed.
Species listed in database: 39
= Appunettia R.D.Good; J. Bot. 64(Suppl. 2): 20 (1926)
= Belicea Lundell; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 8: 86 (1942)
= Rojoc Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 146 (1763)
= Sarcopygme Setch. & Christoph.; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 11(5): 4 (1935)
species :
Morinda angolensis (R.D.Good) F.White; Forest Fl. N. Rhodesia 412, 455 (1962)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Appunettia angolensis R.D.Good; J. Bot. 64(Suppl. 2): 30 (1926)
species :
Morinda angustifolia Roxb.; [Hort. Bengal. 15 (1814), nomen] Pl. Coromandel 3: 32, t. 237 (1815)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Assam, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Myanmar (widespread); Thailand; Laos
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP 41 LAO MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda squarrosa Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 535 (1822)
variant :
var. scabridula Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 174 (1934)
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
species :
Morinda asteroscepa K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 340 (1904)
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi
25 TAN 26 MLW
species :
Morinda bracteata Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 15 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 198 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 544 (1832)
Distribution: Palawan; Sulawesi; Moluccas (Aru); New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch. (New Britain); Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland)
42 MOL NWG PLW SUL 43 BIS 50 AUS
Remarks: often included in M. citrifolia s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda bracteata f. celebica Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 212 (1869)
= Morinda bracteata var. celebica (Miq.) Valeton; Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] 3: 179, t. 269 (1908)
= Morinda citrifolia var. bracteata (Roxb.) Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 46(2): 151 (1877)
species :
Morinda buchii Urb.; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 1: 480 (1899)
Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti)
81 HIS
species :
Morinda carnosa Venturina, E.E.L.Suarez & Alejandro; Phytotaxa 308(1): 141 (2017)
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
species :
Morinda chrysorhiza (Thonn.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 450 (1830)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Togo; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 GAM GNB GUI IVO LBR SEN SIE TOG 23 CAF CMN ZAI
Remarks: status uncertain, possibly in M. citrifolia
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda batesii Wernham; J. Bot. 57: 282 (1919)
= Psychotria chrysorhiza Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 111 (1827)
= Morinda geminata DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 447 (1830)
species :
Morinda citrifolia L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 176 (1753), nom. cons.
Name: Fei Froid, Pain Bush, Pain Killer, Spirit Fruit (Trinidad & Tobago); Indian mulberry
Distribution: Madagascar [I]; Comores [I] (Mayotte [I], etc.); Mauritius [I] (incl. Cargados Carajos Isl. [I]); La Réunion [I]; Îles Glorieuses [I]; Seychelles [I] (incl. Desroches Isl. [I], Coetivy Isl. [I], Darros Isl. [I]); Agalega Isl. [I]; Chagos Arch. [I] (Diego Garcia [I]); China (Hainan, Guangdong, Xisha Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Ogasawara Isl. (Keetaajima, Chichijima, Minamijima, Hahajima, Mukohjima, Hirashima); Volcano Isl. (Kita-Iwojima, Iwojima, Minami-Iwojima); Taiwan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives]; Maldives; Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar [I]; Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (scattered); +Singapore; Sumatra; Borneo; Brunei; Sulawesi; Philippines (throughout); Java; Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, etc.); Moluccas; Cocos [Keeling] Isl.; Christmas Isl. [Austr.]; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea); Bismarck Arch.; Solomon Isl.; Australia (Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland); New Caledonia (incl. Île des Pins, Loyalty Isl., Île Art); Santa Cruz Isl.; Vanuatu; Rotuma Isl.; Tonga (Late Isl., Tongatapu, ´Eua, Lifuka, Vava´u); Niue; Fiji; Wallis & Futuna; American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu´u, Ofu, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (Aleipata Islands, Savai´i, ´Upolu); Tuvalu (Nui Atoll); Tokelau (Nukunonu, Fakaofo, Atafu, Swains Isl.); Phoenix Isl. (Kanton, Orona, Manra, Nikumaroro); N-Line Isl. (Teraina, Tabueran, Kiritimati); S-Line Isl. (Caroline Atoll); Cook Isl. (widespread, incl. Rarotonga); Marquesas Isl. (Hatutaa, Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou, Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Mohotani, Fatu Hiva); Society Isl. (Mopelia Atoll, Tahiti, Raiatea, Tetiaroa Atoll, Tupai); Tuamotu Arch. (Makatea Isl., Rangiroa Atoll, Takapoto Atoll, Anaa, Niau, Manihi, Katiu, Tairo, Timoe); Austral Isl. (Raivavae, Rurutu, Rimatara, Maria Atoll, Tubuai); Pitcairn Isl. [I]; Palau (Sonsorol); Guam; Fed. States of Micronesia (Pohnpei); Hawaii [I] (Niihau [I], Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); USA [I] (Florida [I]); Mexico [I]; Guatemala [I]; Belize [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Bahamas [I]; Turks & Caicos Isl. [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I]; St. Kitts [I]; Montserrat [I]; Guadeloupe [I] (incl. La Désirade [I]); Dominica [I]; Martinique [I]; St. Lucia [I]; St. Vincent [I]; Barbados [I]; Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Guyana [I]
29 aga cgs com igl mau mdg reu sey 36 CHI 38 KZN NNS TAI 40 BAN IND LDV MDV SRL 41 AND CBD mya NCB THA VIE 42 BOR BRN CKI JAW LSI MLY MOL NWG PHI SCS SNG SUL SUM XMS 43 BIS SOL 50 AUS 60 ASA FIJ NUE NWC PHX ROT SAM SCZ TOK TON TUV VAN WAL 61 AUI COO LIN MRQ pit SCI TUA 62 GUM MIC PLU 63 haw 78 usa 79 mex 80 blz cos gua hon nic pan 81 bah bbd cub dom gdl his jam mar mts pue stk stl stv tci trt vir 82 clm guy
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda aspera Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 420 (1834)
= Morinda citrifolia f. potteri (O.Deg.) H.St.John; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 111(4): 482 (1984)
= Morinda citrifolia var. potteri O.Deg.; Nat. S. Pac. Exped. 296 (1949)
= Morinda coreia var. aspera (Wight & Arn.) Deb & M.G.Gangop.; Fl. Pl. India Annot. Checkl. 1: 676 (2020)
= Morinda ligulata Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 105 (1845)
= Morinda littoralis Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 109 (1845)
= Morinda macrophylla Desf.; Tabl. École Bot., ed. 3 (Cat. Pl. Horti Paris.) 404 (1829)
= Morinda mudia Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 536 (1822)
= Morinda multiflora Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 200 (1824)
= Morinda nodosa Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 537 (1822)
= Morinda pubescens var. aspera (Wight & Arn.) M.Gangop.; Nelumbo 59(1): 24 (2017)
= Morinda quadrangularis G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 545 (1834)
= Morinda teysmanniana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 244 (1857)
= Morinda tinctoria Noronha; Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 5(4): 20 (1790), nomen
= Morinda tinctoria var. aspera (Wight & Arn.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 156 (1880)
= Morinda tinctoria var. multiflora (Roxb.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 156 (1880)
= Morinda zollingeriana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 243 (1857)
= Platanocephalus orientalis Crantz; Inst. Rei Herb. 1: 349 (1766)
= Samama citrifolia (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 297 (1891)
= Sarcocephalus leichhardtii F.Muell.; Essay Pl. Burdekin 12 (1860)
species :
Morinda coreia Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 537 (1822)
Distribution: +Mauritius; +La Réunion; India (Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mandalay, Mon); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; Philippines (Luzon, Negros); Java
29 MAU REU 40 BAN IND SRL 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 JAW PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda exserta Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 15 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 199 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 545 (1832)
= Morinda pubescens Sm.; Cycl. [A.Rees] 24: no. 3 (1813), tentatively listed as a synonym.
= Morinda tinctoria Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 15 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 197 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 543 (1832)
species :
Morinda corneri K.M.Wong; Malayan Nat. J. 38(2): 96 (1984)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu, Pahang)
42 MLY
species :
Morinda elliptica (Hook.f.) Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79: 86 (1918)
Distribution: Myanmar; S-Thailand; peninsular Malaysia
41 MYA THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda citrifolia var. elliptica Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 156 (1880)
species :
Morinda fasciculata Benth.; Pl. Hartw. [Bentham] 123 (1844)
Distribution: Guatemala; Ecuador; Peru
80 GUA 83 ECU PER
species :
Morinda hoffmannioides Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 193 (1940)
Distribution: Colombia (Meta, Santander); Venezuela (Zulia)
82 CLM VEN
species :
Morinda lastelliana Baill.; Adansonia 12: 231 (1879)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Remarks: status uncertain
species :
Morinda latibractea Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 63: 321 (1930)
Distribution: Palau (Koror, Ulebsechel, Urukthapel)
62 PLU
species :
Morinda leiantha Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 41(2): 313 (1872)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Myanmar
36 CHI 41 MYA
species :
Morinda longiflora G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 545 (1834)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]
22 GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE 23 BIO CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda longiflora var. breviloba De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 2: 302 (1923)
species :
Morinda longipetiolata Steyerm.; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 340 (1988)
Distribution: Venezuela (Amazonas)
82 VEN
species :
Morinda longissima Y.Z.Ruan; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 71(2): 323 (1999)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Morinda lucida Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 406 (1849)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; SW-Burkina Faso; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola
22 BEN BKN GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO CAB CAF CMN CON GAB PRI SAO ZAI 24 SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG
species :
Morinda mefou Cheek; Pl. Mefou 76 (2011)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
23 CMN CON GAB
Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)
species :
Morinda moaensis Alain; Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio De La Salle 17: 6 (1959)
Distribution: Cuba
81 CUB
species :
Morinda morindoides (Baker) Milne-Redh.; Kew Bull. [2]: 31 (1947)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Angola
22 BEN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SEN SIE 23 BIO CAB CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 SSU 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Gaertnera morindoides Baker; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 83 (1892)
= Morinda confusa Hutch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1916: 11 (1916)
species :
Morinda nana Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 434 (1932)
Distribution: NE-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Morinda pacifica (Reinecke) Razafim. & B.Bremer; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 33(2): 298 (2011)
Distribution: American Samoa (Tutuila, Olosega, Ta´u); [Western] Samoa (´Upolu, Savai´i)
60 ASA SAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Breonia mayorii Setch.; Dep. Marine Biol. Carnegie Inst. 20: 44 (1924)
= Morinda intermedia (Setch. & Christoph.) Razafim. & B.Bremer; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 33(2): 298 (2011)
= Morinda mayorii (Setch.) Razafim. & B.Bremer; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 33(2): 298 (2011)
= Morinda multinervis (Setch. & Christoph.) Razafim. & B.Bremer; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 33(2): 298 (2011)
= Nauclea pacifica (Reinecke) Merr.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 536 (1915)
= Sarcocephalus pacificus Reinecke; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 684 (1898)
= Sarcopygme intermedia Setch. & Christoph.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 154, 67 (1938)
= Sarcopygme mayorii (Setch.) Setch. & Christoph.; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 11(5): p. 5 (1935)
= Sarcopygme multinervis Setch. & Christoph.; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 154, 69 (1938)
= Sarcopygme pacifica (Reinecke) Setch. & Christoph.; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 11(5): p. 4 (1935)
species :
Morinda panamensis Seem.; Bot. Voy. Herald [Seemann] 136 (1854)
Distribution: Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia (Bolívar, Chocó, Magdalena)
79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 82 CLM
Synonyms: hidden
= Belicea hoffmannioides Lundell; Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 8: 87 (1942)
= Morinda asperula Standl.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 54 (1940)
species :
Morinda pedunculata Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 63: 322 (1930)
Distribution: Palau (Babeldaob, Ngarakabesang, Koror)
62 PLU
species :
Morinda persicifolia Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 535 (1822)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); Bangladesh; Myanmar (widespread); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra
36 CHI 40 BAN 41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda lanceolata Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8435 (1847), nomen
= Morinda longifolia Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 434 (1932)
= Morinda pandurifolia Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 289 (1891)
= Morinda pandurifolia var. oblonga (Pit.) Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 178 (1934)
= Morinda pandurifolia var. tenuifolia Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 179 (1934)
= Morinda persicifolia var. oblonga Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 426 (1924)
= Morinda persicifolia var. pandurifolia (Kuntze) Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 426 (1924)
= Morinda persicifolia var. scabra Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 46(2): 152 (1877)
= Morinda persicifolia var. sublinearis Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 289 (1891)
species :
Morinda piperiformis Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 135 (1869)
Distribution: Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor)
42 LSI
species :
Morinda ramosa (Lauterb.) Razafim. & B.Bremer; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 33(2): 298 (2011)
Distribution: [Western] Samoa (Savai´i)
60 SAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Nauclea ramosa (Lauterb.) Merr.; J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 537 (1915)
= Sarcocephalus ramosus Lauterb.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 235 (1908)
= Sarcopygme ramosa (Lauterb.) Setch. & Christoph.; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 11(5): p. 4 (1935)
species :
Morinda rosiflora Y.Z.Ruan; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 71(2): 324 (1999)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Morinda royoc L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 176 (1753)
Name: Redgal; Wild mulberry (Bahamas), Curamaguey (Cuba), Safran (Dominican Republic), Estologe, Safran du pays, Safran de St. Domingue (Haiti), Strongback
Distribution: USA (Florida); Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatan, Chiapas, Tabasco); Guatemala; Belize; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Bahamas; Cuba; Cayman Isl.; Jamaica; Hispaniola; Aruba; Bonaire; Curacao; San Andres y Providencia (San Andres, Providencia y Santa Catalina); Colombia (Bolívar, Chocó, Córdoba, La Guajira, Magdalena, Sucre); Venezuela (Falcon, Miranda, Zulia); Ecuador
78 USA 79 MEX 80 BLZ COS GUA HON NIC PAN 81 ARU BAH BON CAY CUB CUR HIS JAM 82 CLM VEN 83 ECU
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda ferruginea A.Rich.; Hist. Fis. Cuba, Bot. 2: 19 (1850)
= Morinda royoc f. pubescens Ekman; Symb. Antill. [Urban] 9: 540 (1928)
= Morinda royoc var. ferruginea (A.Rich.) Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 138 (1866)
= Morinda royoc var. latifolia Griseb.; Cat. Pl. Cub. [Grisebach] 138 (1866)
= Morinda yucatanensis Greenm.; Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 262 (1907)
species :
Morinda scabrida Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 435 (1932)
Distribution: N- & SW-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Morinda schultzei Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 151 (1927)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Morinda talmyi (Pit.) Chantar.; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 47(2): 184 (2019)
Distribution: Cambodia; E-Thailand
41 CBD THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda persicifolia var. talmyi Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P. H. Lecomte et al.] 3: 426 (1924)
species :
Morinda titanophylla E.M.A.Petit; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 32: 188 (1962)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda
23 CON GAB ZAI 25 UGA
species :
Morinda tomentosa B.Heyne ex Roth; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 216 (1819)
Distribution: India; Myanmar; N- & SW-Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam
40 IND 41 CBD MYA THA VIE
Remarks: often included in M. citrifolia s. str.
Synonyms: hidden
= Morinda angustifolia Roth; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 215 (1819), nom. illeg.
= Morinda chachuca Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 536 (1822)
= Morinda coreia var. stenophylla (Spreng.) Chandrab.; Fl. Coimbatore 142 (1988)
= Morinda coreia var. tomentosa (Hook.f.) R.R.Fernandez; Trees of Mumbai (Bombay) [Fernandez]: 174 (1999)
= Morinda pumila Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 435 (1932)
= Morinda stenophylla Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 749 (1824)
= Morinda tinctoria var. tomentosa (B.Heyne ex Roth) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 156 (1880)
species :
Morinda turbacensis Kunth; Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] 3: 380 (1819)
Distribution: Colombia (Bolívar, Magdalena)
82 CLM
species :
Morinda undulata Y.Z.Ruan; Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 71(2): 321 (1999)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.03 (March 30th, 2026)

Covering 359,184 accepted species,
8,882 hybrids, 47,737 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,007,635 synonyms,
in total 1,423,438* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life