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511.0000 Family Acanthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 102 (1789) (´Acanthi´), nom. cons.
ca. 192 genera, ca. 5500 spp. Phylogeny: Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022
Species listed in database: 5499
= Avicenniaceae Miq.; Pl. Preiss. [J.G.C.Lehmann] 1: 353 (1845), nom. cons.
= Justiciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 60 (1838)
= Mendonciaceae Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. C 56: 540 (1954)
= Meyeniaceae Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Thunbergiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
511.5106 Genus Nicoteba Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 56 (1893)
Distribution: tropical Asia. Often included in Justicia s. l.
Species listed in database: 5
species :
Nicoteba betonica (L.) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 56 (1894)
Distribution: Mali; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; ?Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; Seychelles [I]; India (throughout); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Myanmar; peninsular Malaysia; New Guinea [I]; Solomon Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Vanuatu [I]; Fiji [I]; [Western] Samoa [I] (´Upolu [I], Savai´i [I]); Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Aitutaki [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Huahine [I], Raiatea [I], Maupiti [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Molokai [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Honduras [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Colombia [I] (Antioquia [I], Cundinamarca [I]); Guyana [I]
22 MLI 23 ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ 29 sey 40 BAN IND SRL 41 MYA 42 MLY nwg 43 sol 60 fij nwc sam van 61 coo sci 63 haw 80 cos hon 82 clm guy
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda betonica (L.) Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 103 (1832)
= Adhatoda cheiranthifolia Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 387 (1847)
= Adhatoda lupulina (E.Mey.) Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 385 (1847)
= Adhatoda ramosissima (Roxb.) Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 103 (1832)
= Adhatoda variegata Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 385 (1847)
= Adhatoda variegata var. pallidior Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 387 (1847)
= Dicliptera lupulina (E.Mey.) C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Ser. 5, 3: 95 (1845)
= Ecbolium betonica (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 487 (1891)
= Gendarussa betonica Nees ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 668 (1841), nom. inval.
= Gendarussa ramosissima (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 668 (1841)
= Justicia antidota Sm. ex T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 118 (1863)
= Justicia betonica L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 15 (1753)
= Justicia betonica var. ramosissima (Roxb.) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 525 (1885)
= Justicia betonica var. villosa C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 525 (1885)
= Justicia betoniciifolia Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 430 (1847)
= Justicia betonicoides C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 184 (1899)
= Justicia cheiranthifolia (Nees) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5(1): 58 (1901)
= Justicia lupulina E.Mey.; Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. [Drège] 195 (1843)
= Justicia pallidior (Nees) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 5: 58 (1901)
= Justicia pallidior var. cooperi C.B.Clarke; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 4: 48 (1901)
= Justicia pseudobetonica Roth; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 1: 160 (1817)
= Justicia ramosissima Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 4 (1814), nomen
= Justicia uninervis S.Moore; J. Bot. 46: 74 (1908)
= Justicia variegata (Nees) Martelli; Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 20: 393 (1888) non Aubl. 1775
species :
Nicoteba fittonioides (S.Moore) Lindau; Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] IV, 3b: 329 (1895)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique
25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia fittonioides S.Moore; J. Bot. 16: 134 (1878)
= Justicia dolichopoda Mildbr.; Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 721 (1935)
species :
Nicoteba nilgherrensis (Nees) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 56 (1894)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda nilgherrensis Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 103 (1832)
= Adhatoda nilgherrica (Nees) Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 386 (1847)
= Ecbolium nilgerrhense (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 980 (1891)
= Gendarussa nilgherrensis (Nees) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 668 (1841)
= Justicia betonica var. nilgherrensis (Nees) T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 118 (1863)
= Justicia nilgherrensis (Nees) Wight ex C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 526 (1885)
= Justicia pectinata Wight ex Nees; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 11: 386 (1847) non L.
species :
Nicoteba trinervia (Vahl) Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 56 (1894)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Adhatoda arenaria Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 103 (1832)
= Adhatoda trinervia (Vahl) Nees; Pl. Asiat. Rar. [Wallich] 3: 103 (1832)
= Dicliptera trinervia (Vahl) Juss.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 169 (1807)
= Ecbolium trinervium (Vahl) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 981 (1891)
= Gendarussa arenaria (Nees) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 668 (1841)
= Gendarussa trinervia Nees ex Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 1: 668 (1841)
= Justicia trinervia Vahl; Enum. Pl. [Vahl] 1: 156 (1804)
= Justicia trinervia var. arenaria (Nees) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 4: 526 (1885)
species :
Nicoteba versicolor Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22: 118 (1895)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Justicia versicolor (Lindau) C.B.Clarke; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 5: 186 (1899)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 25.04 (April 17th, 2025)

Covering 356,375 accepted species,
8,782 hybrids, 48,090 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,002,897 synonyms,
in total 1,416,144* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life