492.0000
Family
Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.1506
Genus
Ophiorrhiza L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 150 (1753)
Distribution: India, trop. Asia to New Guinea, S-China, Indochina, some Pacific. Hayataella, Polyura and Spiradiclis might be separate genera.
Species listed in database: 403
= Campanocalyx Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 554 (1910)
= Hayataella Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 24: 206 (1934)
= Keenania Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 101 (1880)
= Mitreola Boehm.; Def. Gen. Pl., ed. 3: 31 (1760)
= Mungos Adans.; Fam. Pl. [Adanson] 2: 225 (1763)
= Pleotheca Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6215 (1831), nomen
= Polyura Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 11: t. 1049 (1868)
= Spiradiclis Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 975 (1826)
species :
Ophiorrhiza acuminata
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 416 (1830)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Remarks: status doubtful, known only from original description
species :
Ophiorrhiza acuminatissima
Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 132 (1851)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza affinis
Zoll. & Moritzi; Syst. Verz. Arch. Ind. [Moritzi et al.] 62 (1846)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza alata
Craib; Fl. Siam 2(1): 61 (1932)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Thailand
36 CHI 41 THA
species :
Ophiorrhiza alatiflora
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 62, f. 22 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza albida
Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 126 (1851)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza alboensis
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 31 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza amnicola
K.Schum.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 391 (1905)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza amoena
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 25 (1925)
Distribution: Bismarck Arch.
43 BIS
species :
Ophiorrhiza amplifolia
Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 9: 213 (1895)
Distribution: China (Guangxi); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza mycetiifolia H.S.Lo; Guihaia 11: 103 (1991)
= Ophiorrhiza rarior H.S.Lo; Cat. Type Spec. China, Suppl. 1: 191 (1999)
species :
Ophiorrhiza angkae
Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 61 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 138 (1932), descr. ampl.
Distribution: NE-Thailand; Laos; Vietnam
41 LAO THA VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza annamica
Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 166 (1923)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza anonyma
Valeton; Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] t. 363 (1913)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza arenicola
Ridl.; Sarawak Mus. J. 1: No. 2, 31 (1912)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza argostemmoides
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3254 (1934)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza arunachalensis
(Deb & Rout) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland)
36 CHI 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis arunachalensis Deb & Rout; Candollea 44(1): 225 (1989)
= Spiradiclis caespitosa f. subimmersa H.S.Lo; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 36, 32 (1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza aureolina
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 34-36, f. 9 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza australiana
Benth.; Fl. Austral. [Bentham] 3: 407 (1867)
subspecies :
subsp. australiana
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
subspecies :
subsp. heterostyla
Halford; Austrobaileya 3(3): 372 (1991)
Distribution: Australia (Queensland)
50 AUS
species :
Ophiorrhiza austroyunnanensis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 30-32, f. 8 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza avenis
Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 8(4): 48 (1917)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza axillaris
Ridl.; Sarawak Mus. J. 1: No. 2, 30 (1912)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza baishaiensis
(X.X.Chen & W.L.Sha) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis baishaiensis X.X.Chen & W.L.Sha; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 8(3): 107 (1988)
species :
Ophiorrhiza balansae
(Pit.) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Notodontia balansae Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 87 (1922)
= Spiradiclis balansae (Pit.) H.S.Lo; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 32 (1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza barberi
Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1919: 406 (1919)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza barnesii
C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 248 (1939)
Distribution: +India (+Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza baviensis
Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 9: 213 (1895)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza alatiflora var. trichoneura H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 63 (1990)
species :
Ophiorrhiza bharat
M.Khanal, Dev.Kumar & S.Sarkar; Taiwania 71(2): 330 (2026)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza biakensis
Valeton; Nova Guinea 14: 245 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza bibracteata
You Nong & G.Y.Wei; PhytoKeys 275: 153 (2026)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza bifida
(Kurz) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: China (S-Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Dentella bifida Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6216 (1831), nomen
= Spiradiclis bifida Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 41: 310 (1872)
species :
Ophiorrhiza biflora
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 121 (1906)
Distribution: Philippines (Negros, Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza biversifolia
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 23 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza blumeana
Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 130 (1851)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza borii
Deb & Mondal; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79(2): 379 (1982 publ. 1983)
Distribution: India (Nagaland)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza brachyantha
S.P.Darwin; Lyonia 1(2): 63 (1976)
Distribution: Vanuatu
60 VAN
species :
Ophiorrhiza brachycarpa
K.Schum.; Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 331 (1902)
Distribution: SE-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza kratensis Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 65 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 142 (1932), descr. ampl.
species :
Ophiorrhiza bracteata
Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 131 (1851)
Distribution: Sumatera; Jawa
42 JAW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Argostemma microcnide Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 539 (1861)
species :
Ophiorrhiza bremerae
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis howii H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6(4): 41 (1986)
species :
Ophiorrhiza brevidentata
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 32-33 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza brevipes
Wernham; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 9: 67 (1916)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza brunonis
Wight & Arn.; Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. [Wight & Arnott] 404 (1834)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza brunonis var. hirsutior Wight ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 80 (1880)
species :
Ophiorrhiza caespitosa
(Blume) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: Andaman / Nicobar Isl.; N-Thailand; Sumatera; Borneo; Sulawesi; Jawa
41 THA 42 BOR JAW SUL SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis caespitosa Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 975 (1826)
species :
Ophiorrhiza caespitulosa
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2: 523 (1908)
Distribution: Philippines (Panay, Negros, Mindanao)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza caespitulosa var. fulva Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1880 (1913)
species :
Ophiorrhiza calliantha
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 9 (1945)
Distribution: Bougainville
43 SOL
species :
Ophiorrhiza camiguinensis
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1881 (1913)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
species :
Ophiorrhiza cana
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 20-22 (1990)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza canescens
Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 977 (1826)
Distribution: Sulawesi; Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 JAW LSI SUL
species :
Ophiorrhiza cantonensis
Hance; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 4, 18: 222 (1862)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, S-Guizhou, Sichuan); Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza bodinieri H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(355-358): 177 (1914)
= Ophiorrhiza japonica var. leiocarpa Hand.-Mazz.; Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 62: 146 (1925)
= Ophiorrhiza longzhouensis H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 79 (1990)
= Ophiorrhiza paniculiformis H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 78-79 (1990)
= Ophiorrhiza seguinii H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 177 (1914)
= Ophiorrhiza violaceoflammea H.Lév.; Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 25: 47 (1915)
= Ophiorrhiza yingtakensis Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 28: 117 (1938)
species :
Ophiorrhiza capitata
(Ridl.) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Keenania capitata (Ridl.) Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 82 (1932)
= Myrioneuron capitatum Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 93 (1920)
species :
Ophiorrhiza carnosicaulis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 60, f. 21 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza carstensensis
Wernham; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 9: 68 (1916)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza caudata
C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 125 (1938)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza caudipetala
Deb & Mondal; Kew Bull. 37(3): 483 (1982)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza cavicola
(L.Wu, Hareesh & B.Pan) Idrees; Phytotaxa 579(3): 225 (2023)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis cavicola L.Wu, Hareesh & B.Pan; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 56(1-3): 2 (2018)
species :
Ophiorrhiza chandrasekharanii
Subba Rao & Kumari; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 81(1): 156 (1984)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza chenii
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guangdong)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis fusca H.S.Lo; Guihaia 11(2): 100-101 (1991)
species :
Ophiorrhiza chinensis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 70-73, f. 24 (1990)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza chinensis f. emeiensis H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 74 (1990)
species :
Ophiorrhiza chingii
H.S.Lo; Cat. Type Spec. China, Suppl. 189 (1999)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza chuniana
(R.J.Wang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis chuniana R.J.Wang; Novon 12: 423 (2002)
species :
Ophiorrhiza ciliata
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3256 (1934)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza coccinea
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis coccinea H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6(4): 38 (1986)
species :
Ophiorrhiza codyensis
Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1919: 406 (1919)
Distribution: India (Karnataka)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza confertiflora
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 35 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza cordata
W.L.Sha ex S.Y.Jin & Y.L.Chen; Cat. Type Spec. China, Suppl. 189 (1999)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza coriaceifolia
(R.J.Wang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis coriaceifolia R.J.Wang; Nordic J. Bot. 32(5): 594 (2014)
species :
Ophiorrhiza costata
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 15 (1912)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (widespread)
42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza crassifolia
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 47 (1990)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza crispa
Lauterb.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 392 (1905)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza cryptantha
Zoll. & Moritzi; Syst. Verz. Arch. Ind. [Moritzi et al.] 62 (1846)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza curtiflora
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1882 (1913)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza cylindrica
(Wall. ex Hook.f.) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan); Tibet; Bhutan; NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Mon, Kachin); N-Vietnam
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis caespitosa f. cylindrica (Hook.f.) H.S.Lo; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 31 (1983)
= Spiradiclis cylindrica Wall. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 76 (1880)
species :
Ophiorrhiza danxiashanensis
(R.J.Wang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis danxiashanensis R.J.Wang; Phytotaxa 206(1): 31 (2015)
species :
Ophiorrhiza darwinii
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 83 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi); N-Vietnam
36 CHI 41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Keenania tonkinensis Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1: 118 (1895), et in J. Bot. [Morot] 9: 217 (1895)
species :
Ophiorrhiza davaensis
Quisumb.; Philipp. J. Sci. 41: 363 (1930)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza debiana
Hareesh, A.Joe & M.Sabu; Phytotaxa 309(3): 291 (2017)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza debruynii
Valeton; Nova Guinea 14: 241 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza decipiens
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 10 (1945)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza deflexa
Ridl.; J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1: 65 (1923)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza densa
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 57-60, f. 20 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza densiflora
Valeton; Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] t. 364 (1913)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza detianensis
(L.Wu, Y.F.Huang & Z.J.Wen) Kottaim.; Bioinfolet 23(2): 218 (2026)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis detianensis L.Wu, Y.F.Huang & Z.J.Wen; PhytoKeys 184: 105, figs. 1-2 (2021)
species :
Ophiorrhiza dianguiensis
L.Wu & Q.R.Liu; Phytotaxa 720(1): 77 (2025)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza discolor
R.Br. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 522 (1834), descr.
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (common and widespread); Borneo
41 THA 42 BOR MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza calcarea Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 63 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 141 (1932), descr. ampl.
= Ophiorrhiza communis Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 16 (1912)
= Ophiorrhiza corymbosa Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 6232 (1832), pro syn..
= Ophiorrhiza discolor var. elegans Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 36 (1923)
= Ophiorrhiza membranacea Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 67 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 143 (1932), descr. ampl.
= Ophiorrhiza subpunicea Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 71 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 148 (1932), descr. ampl.
species :
Ophiorrhiza djamuensis
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 34 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza dolichophylla
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 20: 470 (1922)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza doormanniensis
Valeton; Nova Guinea 14: 247 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza dulongensis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 27 (1990)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza echinata
Joy, Sr.S.Nair & Joby; Nordic J. Bot. 2025(12)-e04979: 2 (2025)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza elliptica
(Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen) Kottaim.; Bioinfolet 23(2): 218 (2026)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis elliptica Y.M.Shui & W.H.Chen; Phytotaxa 545(1): 111 (2022)
species :
Ophiorrhiza elmeri
Merr.; Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 276 (1929)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza emeiensis
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Sichuan, Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis emeiensis H.S.Lo; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 31, 36 (1983)
= Spiradiclis emeiensis var. yunnanensis H.S.Lo; Guihaia 11(2): 102 (1991)
= Spiradiclis yunnanensis (H.S.Lo) Y.M.Shui; Seed Pl. Honghe 340 (2003)
species :
Ophiorrhiza ensiformis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 22-24, f. 5 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza eriantha
Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 3: t. 1067 (1846)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza erubescens
Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 522 (1834), descr.
Distribution: Myanmar; SW- & peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia
41 MYA THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza aggregata Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 60 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 137 (1932), descr. ampl.
= Ophiorrhiza approximata Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 61 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 139 (1932), descr. ampl.
= Ophiorrhiza bambusetorum Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 62 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 139 (1932), descr. ampl.
= Ophiorrhiza bicolor Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 62 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 140 (1932), descr. ampl.
= Ophiorrhiza condensa Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 64 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 141 (1932), descr. ampl.
= Ophiorrhiza longifolia Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 66 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 142 (1932), descr. ampl.
species :
Ophiorrhiza erythropilosa
Alfeche & Alejandro; Nordic J. Bot. 38(3)-e02581: 2 (2020)
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza esquirolii
H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 177 (1914)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza estipulata
Valeton; Nova Guinea 8: 444 (1911)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza exserta
Ridl.; J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1: 66 (1923)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza extenuata
S.Moore; J. Bot. 62: Suppl. 48 (1924)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza fangdingii
H.S.Lo; Cat. Type Spec. China, Suppl. 190 (1999)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza fangiana
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis ferruginea D.Fang & D.H.Qin; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 13(4): 334-335, f. 1, 5-10 (1993)
species :
Ophiorrhiza fasciculata
D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 136 (1825)
Distribution: SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Odisha, Sikkim, Uttaranchal, West Bengal); Myanmar (Bago, Kachin, Mandalay)
36 TIB 40 BHU IND NEP 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza bracteolata Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 521 (1834)
= Virecta fasciculata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 136 (1825)
= Virecta suffruticosa Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 136 (1825)
species :
Ophiorrhiza ferruginea
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 545 (1910)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza fibrillosa
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 33: 22 (1900)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza filibracteolata
H.S.Lo; Cat. Type Spec. China, Suppl. 190 (1999)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza filistipula
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 351 (1857)
Distribution: Sumatera; Jawa
42 JAW SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza flava
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Keenania flava H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 18(3): 282 (1998), nom. inval. without type, et Fl. China 19: 183 (2011)
species :
Ophiorrhiza flavescens
Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 8(4): 48 (1917)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza fontinalis
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 55 (1912)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl.)
42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza fruticosa
Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 41 (1923)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Selangor)
42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza fucosa
Hance; J. Bot. 15: 334 (1877)
Distribution: Cambodia
41 CBD
species :
Ophiorrhiza fusca
Valeton; Nova Guinea 14: 244 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza gaoligongensis
L.Wu, Hareesh & R.H.Tu; Novon 26(4): 351 (2018)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza geminata
Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 523 (1834), descr.
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland)
40 BHU IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Polyura geminata (Wall. ex G.Don) Hook.f.; Hooker´s Icon. Pl. 11: t. 1049 (1868)
species :
Ophiorrhiza glabra
(L.Wu & Q.R.Liu) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis glabra L.Wu & Q.R.Liu; Nordic J. Bot. 34(6): 718 (2016)
species :
Ophiorrhiza glabrifolia
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 27 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza glandulosa
(L.Wu & Q.R.Liu) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guangdong)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis glandulosa L.Wu & Q.R.Liu; Nordic J. Bot. 33(1): 79 (2014)
species :
Ophiorrhiza glaucorosea
Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 9: 214 (1895)
Distribution: Myanmar (Taninthayi); Vietnam
41 MYA VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza glechomifolia
Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 140 (1859)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
species :
Ophiorrhiza govidjoensis
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 33 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza graciliflora
Valeton; Nova Guinea 8: 444 (1911)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza gracilis
Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 311 (1872)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Nagaland); Myanmar (Taninthayi)
36 CHI 40 IND 41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza grandibracteolata
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 43-45, f. 11 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza grandiflora
Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 3: t. 1069 (1846)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza griffithii
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 82 (1880)
Distribution: India (Nagaland)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza guangdongensis
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guangdong)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis guangdongensis H.S.Lo; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(3): 299 (1987)
species :
Ophiorrhiza guizhouensis
C.D.Yang & G.Q.Gou; PhytoKeys 95: 122 (2018)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza hainanensis
Y.C.Tseng; Fl. Hainan. 3: 311, 582, f. 739 (1974)
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza hallieri
Valeton ex Merr.; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 276 (1937)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza hamiguitanensis
Alfeche & Alejandro; Nordic J. Bot. 38(3)-e02581: 4 (2020)
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza hasseltii
Blume ex Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 128 (1851)
Distribution: Sumatera; Jawa
42 JAW SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza havilandii
Ridl.; Sarawak Mus. J. 1: No. 2. 30 (1912)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza hayatana
Ohwi; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 36: 57 (1934), nom. nov.
Distribution: Taiwan
38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza stenophylla Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 91 (1912), homonym
species :
Ophiorrhiza hechiensis
(C.Xiong & L.Wu) Kottaim.; Bioinfolet 23(2): 218 (2026)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis hechiensis C.Xiong & L.Wu; Phytotaxa 689(2): 263 (2025)
species :
Ophiorrhiza heterophylla
Jack; Malayan Misc. 2(7): 85 (1822)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Psilobium nutans Jack; Malayan Misc. 2(7): 85 (1822)
species :
Ophiorrhiza heterostyla
Dunn; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1920: 133 (1920)
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal); Myanmar
40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza seshagiriana Sikdar & Maiti; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 78(1): 143 (1981)
species :
Ophiorrhiza hiepii
L.Wu, Q.Gao & K.S.Nguyen; Phytotaxa 429(1): 66 (2020)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza himadrica
M.Khanal, Dev.Kumar & S.Sarkar; Taiwania 71(2): 326 (2026)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza hirsutula
Wight ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 81 (1880)
Distribution: India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Myanmar
40 IND 41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza hispida
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(7): 83 (1880)
Distribution: China (SW-Yunnan); India (Assam, Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar; Laos
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 LAO MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza hoanglienensis
T.V.Do; Phytotaxa 438(4): 257 (2020)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza howii
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 18(3): 277 (1998), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza longiflora F.C.How ex H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 70, f. 23, 1-5 (1990)
= Ophiorrhiza villosa Reinw. ex Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 132 (1851), nom. illeg.
species :
Ophiorrhiza huanjiangensis
D.Fang & Z.M.Xie; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40(2): 155 (2002)
Distribution: China (Hunan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza hunanica
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 24 (1990)
Distribution: China (Hunan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza inaequifolia
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3257 (1934)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza incarnata
C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 124 (1938)
Distribution: S-India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza inconspicua
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 174 (1856)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza infundibularis
N.P.Balakr.; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24(1-4): 61 (1982 publ. 1983)
Distribution: Andaman Isl. (South Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl.)
41 AND NCB
species :
Ophiorrhiza insularis
Valeton; Fl. Arfak Mts. [Gibbs] 220 (1917)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza involucrata
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 351 (1908)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon, Polillo)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza ixora
Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 8(4): 46 (1917)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza jackiana
Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 127 (1851)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza jacobii
Hareesh, Salish, G.Joseph & M.Sabu; Nordic J. Bot. 36(1-2)-e01519: 2 (2017)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza japonica
Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 978 (1826)
Distribution: China (S-Shanxi?, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guizhou, NE-Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; Myanmar; Vietnam
36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza acutiloba Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 86 (1912)
= Ophiorrhiza cavaleriei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(355-358): 177 (1914)
= Ophiorrhiza dimorphantha f. brevistigma Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 87-88 (1912)
= Ophiorrhiza dimorphantha f. longistigma Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 86-87 (1912)
= Ophiorrhiza dimorphantha Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 86-88 (1912)
= Ophiorrhiza eryei Champ.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 170 (1852)
= Ophiorrhiza japonica f. plena T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 79(4): 269 (2004)
= Ophiorrhiza japonica var. acutiloba (Hayata) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 195 (1938)
= Ophiorrhiza japonica var. amamiana Hatus.; Rep. Co-op. Invest. Ryukyu Isls. Kagoshima Univ. and Ryukyu Univ. 1: 61 (1961)
= Ophiorrhiza japonica var. cantoniensis (Hance) Hatus.; Fl. Ryukyus, ed. 2: 214 (1994)
= Ophiorrhiza japonica var. minor E.H.L.Krause; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 489 (1922)
= Ophiorrhiza japonica var. tashiroi (Maxim.) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 195 (1938)
= Ophiorrhiza labordei H.Lév.; Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13(355-358): 177 (1914)
= Ophiorrhiza monticola f. brevistigma Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 89-90 (1912)
= Ophiorrhiza monticola f. longistigma Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 90 (1912)
= Ophiorrhiza monticola Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 89-90 (1912)
= Ophiorrhiza nigricans H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 53-55, f. 17 (1990)
= Ophiorrhiza tashiroi Maxim.; Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 32: 489 (1888)
species :
Ophiorrhiza jingxiensis
(R.J.Wang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis jingxiensis R.J.Wang; Nordic J. Bot. 34(5): 550 (2016)
species :
Ophiorrhiza johnsonii
(Hook.f.) E.S.S.Kumar & Filimban; Phytotaxa 744(2): 192 (2026)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza brunonis var. johnsonii Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 80 (1880)
species :
Ophiorrhiza jojui
Hareesh & M.Sabu; Phytotaxa 383(3): 263 (2018)
Distribution: Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.)
41 AND
species :
Ophiorrhiza jomyi
Ebin, Sreehari & Joby; Nordic J. Bot. [early view]e05085: [2 of 5] (2026)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza junghuhniana
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 352 (1857)
Distribution: Sumatera; Jawa
42 JAW SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza kainulainenii
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis pauciflora L.Wu & Q.R.Liu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 52(3-4): 257 (2015)
species :
Ophiorrhiza karstana
(L.Wu, X.Li & Q.R.Liu) Idrees; Phytotaxa 579(3): 225 (2023)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis karstana L.Wu, X.Li & Q.R.Liu; PhytoKeys 117: 2 (2019)
species :
Ophiorrhiza kingiana
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 17 (1912)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak)
42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza klossii
Ridl.; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 41: 291 (1913)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Selangor)
42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza korthalsiana
Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 232 (1869)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza kunstleri
King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 72: 176 (1904)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Perlis, Langkawi Isl., Kelantan)
41 THA 42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza kuroiwae
Makino; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20: 5 (1906) (kuroiwai)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan (Lan Yu Isl., Lutao Isl.); Philippines (Batan)
38 NNS TAI 42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza japonica var. kuroiwae (Makino) Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 195 (1938)
= Ophiorrhiza kotoensis Hatus.; J. Jap. Bot. 14: 239 (1938)
= Ophiorrhiza kuroiwae var. yaeyamensis (Ohwi) E.Walker; J. Jap. Bot. 46: 70 (1971)
= Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 89 (1912)
= Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis var. parviflora Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 196 (1938)
= Ophiorrhiza liukiuensis var. yaeyamensis Ohwi; Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 196 (1938)
= Ophiorrhiza parviflora Hayata; Icon. Pl. Formosan. 2: 90 (1912), nom. illeg.
species :
Ophiorrhiza kwangsiensis
Merr. ex H.L.Li; J. Arnold Arbor. 24: 453 (1943)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza lacei
Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 189 (1911)
Distribution: Bangladesh; Myanmar (widespread)
40 BAN 41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza laevifolia
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 80-82, f. 26 (1990)
Distribution: SE-Tibet
36 TIB
species :
Ophiorrhiza lallanii
R.Kr.Singh; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(4): 66 (2024), nom. nov.
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza tenuis Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 440 (1920 publ. 1921), nom. illeg.
species :
Ophiorrhiza lancifolia
Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 5: 162 (1915)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan)
41 THA 42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza lancilimba
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 29: 491 (1926)
Distribution: Philippines (Bohol)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza laoshanica
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 65-66 (1990)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza larseniorum
Schanzer; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 33: 161 (2005)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand
41 THA
species :
Ophiorrhiza latifolia
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 172 (1856)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza lauterbachii
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 29 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza lawrenceana
King & Prain; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 67: 295 (1898)
Distribution: Myanmar (Kachin)
41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza laxa
A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 312 (1858 publ. 1859)
Distribution: Vanuatu; Fiji
60 FIJ VAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza leptantha var. yasawana Fosberg; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 67: 420 (1940)
species :
Ophiorrhiza laxiflora
(W.L.Sha & X.X.Chen) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis laxiflora W.L.Sha & X.X.Chen; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 35, 31 (1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza leptantha
A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 312 (1858 publ. 1859)
Distribution: Fiji; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl.)
60 FIJ WAL
species :
Ophiorrhiza leptophylla
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 11 (1945)
Distribution: Bougainville
43 SOL
species :
Ophiorrhiza liangkwangensis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 39-40, f. 10 (1990)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza liboensis
(L.Wu & W.J.Liu) Kottaim.; Bioinfolet 23(2): 218 (2026)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis liboensis L.Wu & W.J.Liu; PhytoKeys 204: 74, figs. 1-2 (2022)
species :
Ophiorrhiza lignosa
Merr.; Brittonia 4: 176 (1941)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI 41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza lii
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis longzhouensis H.S.Lo; Guihaia 11(2): 99 (1991)
species :
Ophiorrhiza linearifolia
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 10: 99 (1915)
Distribution: Philippines (Basilan)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza littorea
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 350 (1857)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza liuyanii
L.Wu, Y.H.Tan & K.S.Nguyen; PhytoKeys 248: 200 (2024)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza loana
Y.F.Deng & Y.Feng Huang; Phytotaxa 1: 34 (2012), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza longipes H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 49 (1990), homonym, non Craib 1932
species :
Ophiorrhiza longanensis
(R.J.Wang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spirodiclis longanensis R.J.Wang; PhytoKeys 55: 114-116 (2015)
species :
Ophiorrhiza longerepens
Ridl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929: 258 (1929)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (only known from Gua Musang, Kelantan)
42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza longibracteata
(S.Y.Liu & S.J.Wei) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis longibracteata S.Y.Liu & S.J.Wei; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 32(4): 362-364, f. 1 & 2 (1994)
species :
Ophiorrhiza longicornis
H.S.Lo; Fl. China 19: 273 (2011)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza longiflora
Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 977 (1826)
Distribution: Sumatera; Borneo; Jawa
42 BOR JAW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza horsfieldiana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 170 (1856)
= Ophiorrhiza longiflora f. borneensis Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 230 (1869)
= Ophiorrhiza longiflora var. guedehensis Hochr.; Candollea 5: 248 (1934)
= Ophiorrhiza longiflora var. malabarensis Hochr.; Candollea 5: 248 (1934)
species :
Ophiorrhiza longifloriformis
Schanzer; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 33: 165 (2005)
Distribution: SE-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Ophiorrhiza longii
J.R.I.Wood; Edinburgh J. Bot. 53(1): 104 (1996)
Distribution: Bhutan
40 BHU
species :
Ophiorrhiza longipedunculata
Merr.; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 277 (1937)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza longipes
Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 66 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 143 (1932), descr. ampl.
Distribution: Bangladesh; Myanmar; N-Thailand
40 BAN 41 MYA THA
species :
Ophiorrhiza longisepala
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 7 (1945)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza longituba
J.W.Moore; Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 102, 44 (1933)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Raiatea)
61 SCI
species :
Ophiorrhiza luchuanensis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 74-77, f. 25 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza lui
(Yan Liu & L.Wu) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis lui Yan Liu & L.Wu; Nordic J. Bot. 36(6)-e01786: 2 (2018)
species :
Ophiorrhiza luochengensis
(H.S.Lo & W.L.Sha) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis luochengensis H.S.Lo & W.L.Sha; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 34, 30 (1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza lurida
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 82 (1880)
Distribution: China (NW-Yunnan); SE-Tibet; N-India (Manipur, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal); Bangladesh
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza maboroensis
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 24 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza macgregorii
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 437 (1920 publ. 1921)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza macrantha
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 28, f. 7 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza macrocarpa
L.Wu, Q.R.Liu, Y.H.Tan & Hareesh; Nordic J. Bot. 36(4)-e01637: 2 (2018)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza macrodonta
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 25, f. 6 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza major
Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 36 (1923)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl.)
41 THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza scabrella Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 39 (1923)
species :
Ophiorrhiza malipoensis
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis malipoensis H.S.Lo; Guihaia 11(2): 98-99 (1991)
species :
Ophiorrhiza maquilingensis
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3258 (1934)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza marginata
Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 976 (1826)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza marosiana
Valeton; Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] t. 365 (1913)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Ophiorrhiza medogensis
H.Li; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 116-117, f. 1: 1-6 (1980)
Distribution: SE-Tibet
36 TIB
variant :
var. shiyomiensis
Hareesh & M.Sabu; Adansonia, Sér. 3, 44(5): 30 (2022)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza meenachilarensis
Robi & Balan; Webbia 75(2): 232 (2020)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza meghalayensis
Hareesh, A.Joe, M.Sabu & L.Wu; Phytotaxa 307(4): 299 (2017)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya, Shillong)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza merrillii
R.Kr.Singh; J. Biodivers. Conservation 8(4): 66 (2024), nom. nov.
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, status unconfirmed
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza stenophylla Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 439 (1920 publ. 1921), nom. illeg.
species :
Ophiorrhiza microcarpa
(H.S.Lo) comb.ined.
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Remarks: provisionally accepted name
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis microcarpa H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 18(3): 276 (1998)
species :
Ophiorrhiza microcephala
(Pit.) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Keenania microcephala Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 169 (1923)
species :
Ophiorrhiza microphylla
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: China (Jiangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis microphylla H.S.Lo; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 34, 30 (1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza mitchelloides
(Masam.) H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 18(3): 277 (1998)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian); Taiwan
36 CHI 38 TAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Geophila exigua H.L.Li; J. Arnold Arbor. 25(4): 429 (1944)
= Hayataella mitchelloides Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 24: 206 (1934)
= Ophiorrhiza exigua (H.L.Li) H.S.Lo; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(3): 301 (1987)
species :
Ophiorrhiza mizoramensis
Lalnunf. & Lalawmp.; Feddes Repert. 137(1)-e70036: [5 of 7] (2026)
Distribution: NE-India (Mizoram)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza modesta
(Hook.f.) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: NE-India (Assam); Bangladesh; peninsular Malaysia (once from Perlis)
40 BAN IND 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Leptomischus modestus (Hook.f.) Deb; Phytotaxonomy 1: 16 (2001)
= Keenania modesta Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 101 (1881)
species :
Ophiorrhiza monsvictoriae
S.S.Zhou & L.D.Duan; PhytoKeys 138: 220 (2020)
Distribution: Myanmar
41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza montisschraderi
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 27 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza mungos
L.; Sp. Pl. [Linnaeus] 1: 150 (1753)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Car Nicobar Isl., North Nicobar Isl., Central Nicobar Isl., Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Myanmar (Ayeyarwady, Rakhine, Taninthayi); peninsular Malaysia; Sumatera; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao); Jawa
40 BAN IND SRL 41 AND MYA NCB 42 JAW MLY PHI PLW SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza ostindica Christm.; Vollst. Pflanzensyst. 5: 503 (1779)
species :
Ophiorrhiza munnarensis
C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 35 (1938)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza mussaendiformis
Deb & Mondal; Kew Bull. 37(3): 485 (1982)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza nairii
Ramam. & Rajan; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 82(1): 174-176 (1985)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
Remarks: status uncertain, provisionally accepted name
species :
Ophiorrhiza nandanica
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 63 (1990)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza nanlingensis
L.Wu & Q.R.Liu; Nordic J. Bot. 39(6)-e03138: 2 (2021)
Distribution: China (Guangdong, Hunan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza napoensis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 48, f. 13 (1990)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza neglecta
Blume ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 416 (1830)
Distribution: Sumatera; Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 JAW LSI SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza neglecta f. sumatrana Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 232 (1869)
species :
Ophiorrhiza nelsonii
Seem.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 126 (1866)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza subumbellata var. glabra Nadeaud; Énum. Pl. Tahiti 53 (1873)
species :
Ophiorrhiza nemorosa
Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 139 (1859)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza mungos var. nemorosa (Thwaites) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 77 (1880)
species :
Ophiorrhiza neodensa
Idrees; Phytotaxa 579(3): 226 (2023), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis densa L.Wu & Z.J.Wen; Nordic J. Bot. 37(6)-e02190: 2 (2019)
species :
Ophiorrhiza neorepens
Idrees; Phytotaxa 579(3): 226 (2023), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis repens L.Wu & Yan Liu; Nordic J. Bot. 39(2)-e02979: 2 (2021)
species :
Ophiorrhiza neoreticulata
Idrees; Phytotaxa 579(3): 226 (2023), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis reticulata L.Wu, Q.Yuan & J.L.Li; Nordic J. Bot. 39(2)-e02979: 6 (2021)
species :
Ophiorrhiza nepalensis
Deb & Mondal; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79(3): 644 (1982 publ. 1983)
Distribution: E-Nepal
40 NEP
species :
Ophiorrhiza nerterifolia
Bremek.; Blumea 5: 590 (1945)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Ophiorrhiza nerteriformis
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 8 (1945)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza nervosa
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 18 (1912)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Selangor)
42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza nicobarica
N.P.Balakr.; Reinwardtia 9(4): 411 (1980)
Distribution: Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl.)
41 NCB
species :
Ophiorrhiza nonggangensis
Y.F.Deng; Phytotaxa 513(2): 169 (2021), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza loana (R.J.Wang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 84 (2019), nom. illeg.
= Spiradiclis loana R.J.Wang; Novon 12: 420 (2002)
species :
Ophiorrhiza nutans
C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 84 (1880)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Tibet; India (Sikkim, West Bengal)
36 CHI TIB 40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza obcuneata
Valeton; Nova Guinea 14: 238 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza oblanceolata
(W.L.Sha & X.X.Chen) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis oblanceolata W.L.Sha & X.X.Chen; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 35, 30 (1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza oblonga
Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 67 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 144 (1932), descr. ampl.
Distribution: peninsular Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza plumbea Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 68 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 145 (1932), descr. ampl.
species :
Ophiorrhiza oblongifolia
DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 415 (1830)
Distribution: Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Polillo, Biliran, Panay, Negros, Mindanao)
42 PHI PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza triandra Blanco; Fl. Filip., ed. 2 [Blanco] 65 (1845)
species :
Ophiorrhiza oblongilimba
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 12: 164 (1917)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza ochroleuca
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(7): 78 (1880)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Bhutan (Kachin); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar; Vietnam
36 CHI 40 BHU IND 41 MYA VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza oligantha
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 350 (1857)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza ophiorrhizoides
(Drake) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Keenania ophiorrhizoides Drake; Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1: 117 (1895), et in J. Bot. [Morot] 9: 217, t. 4 (1895)
species :
Ophiorrhiza oppositiflora
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(7): 80 (1880)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Hainan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Kachin)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza orofenensis
S.P.Darwin; Lyonia 1(2): 98 (1976)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
species :
Ophiorrhiza ovata
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 439 (1920 publ. 1921)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza palauensis
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 63: 298 (1930)
Distribution: Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Arukodorokkuru, Ulebsechel, Urukthapel)
62 PLU
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza palauensis var. biseta Fosberg; Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 15: 214 (1940)
species :
Ophiorrhiza pallida
Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 140 (1859)
Distribution: Sri Lanka
40 SRL
species :
Ophiorrhiza pallidula
Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 38 (1923)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang, Selangor)
42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza palustris
Valeton; Nova Guinea 8: 443 (1911)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza paralatiflora
L.Wu & Q.R.Liu; Nordic J. Bot. 2024(7)-e04391: 2 (2024)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza parviflora
Reinw. ex Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 127 (1851)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Ophiorrhiza patula
Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 67 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 144 (1932), descr. ampl.
Distribution: SW-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Ophiorrhiza pauciflora
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(7): 84 (1880)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya)
36 CHI 40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza pauciflora var. glabra Deb & Mondal; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 79(3): 647 (1982 publ. 1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza pectinata
Arn.; Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 18(1): 338 (1836)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza falcata Bedd.; Madras J. Lit. Sci., Ser. 2, 22: 72 (1861)
= Ophiorrhiza imbricata Gardner ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 81 (1880)
= Ophiorrhiza mungos Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 544 (1824), nom. Illeg.
= Ophiorrhiza pectinata var. corymbis Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 140 (1859)
species :
Ophiorrhiza pedunculata
Schanzer; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 32: 141 (2004)
Distribution: ?Myanmar; N-Thailand
41 THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza hispidula var. longipedunculata Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 65 (1932)
species :
Ophiorrhiza pengshuiensis
(B.Pan & R.J.Wang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: China (Chongqing)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis pengshuiensis B.Pan & R.J.Wang; PhytoKeys 63: 42 (2016)
species :
Ophiorrhiza peploides
A.Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 311 (1858 publ. 1859)
Distribution: Fiji
60 FIJ
species :
Ophiorrhiza perpusilla
Blume ex DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 417 (1830)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza petrophila
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 66-67 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza pileoides
Hemsl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896: 38 (1896)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Ophiorrhiza pilosissima
Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 8(4): 47 (1917)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza pinatuboensis
Ruhsam; Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 157(1): 120 (2008)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza bicolor Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3211 (1934), non O. bicolor Craib
species :
Ophiorrhiza pingbienensis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 20, f. 4 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza platycarpa
S.P.Darwin; Lyonia 1(2): 90 (1976)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
species :
Ophiorrhiza polytricha
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 36 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza pseudofasciculata
Schanzer; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 33: 163 (2005)
Distribution: S-China (Yunnan); N-Thailand; Vietnam
36 CHI 41 THA VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza pseudoinconspicua
Hochr.; Candollea 5: 248 (1934)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza pseudomungos
Valeton; Nova Guinea 8: 442 (1911)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza mungos Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 166 (1856). non L.
species :
Ophiorrhiza pseudonapoensis
L.Wu & Q.R.Liu; Phytotaxa 607(4): 229 (2023)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza puberula
Merr.; Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 7: 277 (1937)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza pubescens
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 68 (1906)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon, Samar, Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza pubiflora
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 17: 438 (1920 publ. 1921)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza puffii
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis villosa X.X.Chen & W.L.Sha; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 11(3): 17-18 (1991)
species :
Ophiorrhiza pulgarensis
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: 1342 (1912)
Distribution: Palawan
42 PLW
species :
Ophiorrhiza pumila
Champ. ex Benth.; Hooker´s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 169-170 (1852)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Hongkong, Jiangxi, Fujian); Japan (Yakushima Isl.); Ryukyu Isl.; Taiwan; N-Vietnam; Palawan
36 CHI 38 JAP NNS TAI 41 VIE 42 PLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza aureolina f. qiongyaensis H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 36 (1990)
= Ophiorrhiza humilis Y.C.Tseng; Fl. Hainan. 3: 583, 309, f. 737 (1974)
= Ophiorrhiza inflata Maxim.; Mélanges Biol. Bull. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg 12: 729 (1888)
= Ophiorrhiza pumila var. inflata (Maxim.) Masam.; Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 29: 238 (1939)
species :
Ophiorrhiza purpurascens
H.S.Lo; Cat. Type Spec. China, Suppl. 191 (1999)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza purpureocaerulea
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis purpureocaerulea H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6(4): 39 (1986)
species :
Ophiorrhiza purpureonervis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 42-43 (1990)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza pykarensis
Gamble; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1919: 407 (1919)
Distribution: +India (+Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza qinii
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Hainan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis hainanensis H.S.Lo; Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9(3): 301 (1987)
species :
Ophiorrhiza quadrifida
Blume; Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg [Blume] 53 (1823)
Distribution: Jawa
42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza quanzhouensis
(J.Liu & W.B.Xu) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis quanzhouensis J.Liu & W.B.Xu; Nordic J. Bot. 36(3)-e01595: 2 (2017)
species :
Ophiorrhiza radicans
Gardner ex Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 139 (1859)
Distribution: +India (+Kerala); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
species :
Ophiorrhiza ravifolia
Naive & Alejandro; Nordic J. Bot. 2024(3)-e04311: 2 (2024)
Distribution: Philippines
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza recurvipetala
Bhuyan, S.Baruah & Mehmud; Nordic J. Bot. 39(3)-e03048: 1 (2021)
Distribution: India (Assam)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza reflexa
L.Wu & Q.R.Liu; PhytoKeys 238: 232 (2024)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza repandicalyx
H.S.Lo; Cat. Type Spec. China, Suppl. 191 (1999)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza repens
(Wall. ex G.Don) Bennet; Indian Forester 108(4): 302 (1982)
Distribution: Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya); Myanmar
40 BHU IND 41 MYA
Synonyms: hidden
= Mussaenda repens Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 491 (1834)
= Ophiorrhiza calcarata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 84 (1880)
species :
Ophiorrhiza reticulata
Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 130 (1851)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza rhododictyon
Wernham; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 9: 68 (1916)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza rhodoneura
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 45-47, f. 12 (1990)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza richardiana
Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet] 473, t. 97 (1830)
Distribution: Moluccas
42 MOL
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza elongata Reinw. ex Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2: It. 128 (1851)
species :
Ophiorrhiza ridleyi
Merr.; Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 19: 198 (1933 publ. 1934)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza bracteata Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 8(4): 47 (1917)
species :
Ophiorrhiza ridsdalei
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis petrophila H.S.Lo; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 33, 30 (1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza ripicola
Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 69 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 146 (1932), descr. ampl.
Distribution: N-Thailand
41 THA
species :
Ophiorrhiza rivularis
Valeton; Nova Guinea 14: 240 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza robbrechtii
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 85 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis tomentosa D.Fang & D.H.Qin; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 13(4): 320, f. 1, 1-4 (1993)
species :
Ophiorrhiza rosacea
Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 38 (1923)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Perak)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza rosea Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 57: 55 (1911), nom. illeg.
species :
Ophiorrhiza rosea
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(7): 78-79 (1880)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Bhutan; India (Nagaland, Sikkim, West Bengal); Myanmar (Kachin); Thailand
36 CHI TIB 40 BHU IND 41 MYA THA
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza remotiflora Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 140 (1920)
species :
Ophiorrhiza rosulata
(Y.D.Xu & R.J.Wang) Kottaim.; Bioinfolet 23(2): 218 (2026)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis rosulata Y.D.Xu & R.J.Wang; Phytotaxa 725(2): 214 (2025)
species :
Ophiorrhiza roxburghiana
Wight; Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. [Wight] 3: t. 1068 (1846)
Distribution: India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza rubella
Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 126 (1851)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza rubescens
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis rubescens H.S.Lo; Guihaia 11(2): 101-102 (1991)
species :
Ophiorrhiza rufa
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 34 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza rufinervis
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 34 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza rufipilis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 17-18, f. 3 (1990)
Distribution: China (SE-Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza rufopunctata
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 15, f. 1 (1990)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza rugosa
Wall.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 547 (1824)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Nicobar Isl.; Myanmar (Sagaing); Cambodia; peninsular Malaysia (Perak)
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 CBD MYA NCB 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza angustifolia Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 140 (1859)
= Ophiorrhiza argentea (Wall. ex Hook.f.) N.P.Balakr.; Fl. Jowai 1: 247 (1981)
= Ophiorrhiza argentea Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 522 (1834), descr.
= Ophiorrhiza decumbens Gardner ex Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 419 (1864)
= Ophiorrhiza harrisiana B.Heyne ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 523 (1834), descr.
= Ophiorrhiza harrisiana B.Heyne ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 78 (1880), nom. superfl.
= Ophiorrhiza harrisiana var. argentea (Wall. ex G.Don) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 78 (1880)
= Ophiorrhiza harrisiana var. condorensis Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 162 (1923)
= Ophiorrhiza harrisiana var. decumbens (Gardner ex Thwaites) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 78 (1880)
= Ophiorrhiza harrisiana var. merguensis Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 78 (1880)
= Ophiorrhiza harrisiana var. rugosa (Wall.) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 78 (1880), nom. superfl.
= Ophiorrhiza harrisonii B.Heyne ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 523 (1834)
= Ophiorrhiza mungos var. angustifolia (Thwaites) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 77 (1880)
= Ophiorrhiza prostrata D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 136 (1825)
= Ophiorrhiza prostrata var. rugosa (Wall.) Kar. & Panigrahi; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 233 (1963), nom. superfl.
= Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. angustifolia (Thwaites) Ridsdale; Blumea 41: 461 (1996)
= Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. argentea (Wall. ex G.Don) Deb & Mondal; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24: 228 (1982 publ. 1983)
= Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. decumbens (Gardner ex Thwaites) Deb & Mondal; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24(1-4): 228 (1982 publ. 1983)
= Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. merguensis (Hook.f.) Deb & Mondal; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24(1-4): 228 (1982 publ. 1983)
= Ophiorrhiza rugosa var. prostrata (D.Don) Deb & Mondal; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 24: 228 (1982 publ. 1983)
= Virecta prostrata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don; Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 136 (1825), nom. inval.
species :
Ophiorrhiza rupestris
Hemsl.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1894: 212 (1894)
Distribution: Solomon Isl.; Vanuatu; Wallis & Futuna (Alofi Isl., Futuna Isl.)
43 SOL 60 VAN WAL
species :
Ophiorrhiza sahyadriensis
Hareesh, V.B.Sreek. & K.M.P.Kumar; Phytotaxa 202(3): 220 (2015)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza salicifolia
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 50-52 (1990)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza sanguinea
Blume; Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg [Blume] 53 (1823)
Distribution: Cambodia; Vietnam; Jawa
41 CBD VIE 42 JAW
species :
Ophiorrhiza sarawakensis
Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 155 (1954)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza reticulata Ridl.; Sarawak Mus. J. 1: No. 2 (1912) 31, preocc., non Korth. (1851)
species :
Ophiorrhiza sasidharaniana
A.S.V.Nair, Gangapr., K.B.Rameshk. & E.S.S.Kumar; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 59(1): 144 (2022)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza scabrida
(D.Fang & D.H.Qin) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis scabrida D.Fang & D.H.Qin; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 13(4): 333, f. 2 (1993)
species :
Ophiorrhiza schlenckerae
F.M.Bailey; Queensland Agric. J. 24: 21 (1910)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza schultzei
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 32 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza schumannii
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 28 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza scorpioidea
Nadeaud; Énum. Pl. Tahiti 53 (1873)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Moorea, Tahiti)
61 SCI
species :
Ophiorrhiza scorpiura
(You Nong & L.Wu) Kottaim.; Bioinfolet 23(2): 219 (2026)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis scorpiura You Nong & L.Wu; PhytoKeys 252: 42 (2025)
species :
Ophiorrhiza seriata
Valeton; Nova Guinea 14: 243 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza seshagirii
(Deb & Rout) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: NE-India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis seshagirii Deb & Rout; Candollea 44(1): 227 (1989)
species :
Ophiorrhiza setosa
S.P.Darwin; Lyonia 1(2): 80 (1976)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
species :
Ophiorrhiza shae
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019), nom. nov.
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis longipedunculata W.L.Sha & X.X.Chen; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 35, 30 (1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza shendurunii
A.E.S.Khan, E.S.S.Kumar & Pushp.; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 95(2): 317 (1998)
Distribution: India (Kerala)
40 IND
Remarks: status uncertain, provisionally accepted name
species :
Ophiorrhiza shiqianensis
L.D.Duan & Yun Lin; PhytoKeys 121: 44 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guizhou)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza sichuanensis
H.S.Lo; Guihaia 11(2): 104 (1991)
Distribution: China (Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza singaporensis
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 17 (1912)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (south of Malaya); +Singapore
42 MLY SNG
species :
Ophiorrhiza solandri
Seem.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 127 (1866)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza rugosa Sol. ex Seem.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 127 (1866), pro syn.
= Ophiorrhiza torrentium Nadeaud; Énum. Pl. Tahiti 54 (1873)
species :
Ophiorrhiza solomonensis
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 10 (1945)
Distribution: Solomon Isl. (Guadalcanal)
43 SOL
species :
Ophiorrhiza sorsogonensis
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3260 (1934)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza spathulata
(X.X.Chen & C.C.Huang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis spathulata X.X.Chen & C.C.Huang; Guihaia 13(1): 3-4, f. 1-4 (1993)
species :
Ophiorrhiza stenophylla
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 110 (1912)
Distribution: Borneo; Philippines (Luzon)
42 BOR PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza straminea
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 11 (1945)
Distribution: Bougainville
43 SOL
species :
Ophiorrhiza stylosa
Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 8(4): 48 (1917)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza subaequalis
Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 71 (1932), Craib in Kew Bull. 147 (1932), descr. ampl.
Distribution: Thailand
41 THA
Remarks: provisionally accepted name, of doubtful status
species :
Ophiorrhiza subbracteata
Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 132 (1851)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza subcapitata
Wall. ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 83 (1880)
Distribution: India (Meghalaya); Bangladesh; Myanmar; N-Thailand
40 BAN IND 41 MYA THA
species :
Ophiorrhiza subcrenata
Ridl.; J. Malayan Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 1: 66 (1923)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza subfalcifolia
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 167 (1856)
Distribution: Sulawesi
42 SUL
species :
Ophiorrhiza subrubescens
Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 9: 215 (1895)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan); N-Vietnam; N- & SE-Thailand
36 CHI 41 THA VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza subserrulata
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 547 (1910)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza subumbellata
G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 12 (1786)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza fruticulosa Nadeaud; Énum. Pl. Tahiti 53 (1873)
species :
Ophiorrhiza succirubra
King ex Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 82 (1880)
Distribution: China (Yunnan, Guizhou); SE-Tibet; Nepal; Bhutan; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, West Bengal); Bangladesh
36 CHI TIB 40 BAN BHU IND NEP
species :
Ophiorrhiza sylvatica
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 7 (1945)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza tafaensis
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 8 (1945)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza tahitensis
Seem.; Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 127 (1866)
Distribution: Society Isl. (Tahiti)
61 SCI
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza subumbellata var. ciliata Nadeaud; Énum. Pl. Tahiti 53 (1873)
species :
Ophiorrhiza tenella
King; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 72: 175 (1904)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (widespread)
42 MLY
species :
Ophiorrhiza tenelliflora
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 25 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza tenuis
Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 16 (1912)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (scattered)
42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza tenuis var. minor Ridl.; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 42 (1923)
species :
Ophiorrhiza teysmannii
Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 351 (1857)
Distribution: Sumatera; Jawa
42 JAW SUM
species :
Ophiorrhiza thomsonii
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 82 (1880)
Distribution: India (Manipur, West Bengal)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza tingens
C.B.Clarke ex C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940: 33 (1940)
Distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland); Bangladesh; Myanmar
40 BAN IND 41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza tirunelvelica
A.N.Henry & Subraman.; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 12(1-4): 277 (1970 publ. 1972)
Distribution: India (Tamil Nadu)
40 IND
species :
Ophiorrhiza tomentosa
Jack ex Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 546 (1824)
Distribution: peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Sumatera
41 THA 42 MLY SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza tomentosa var. glabrata Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 79 (1880)
species :
Ophiorrhiza tonglingensis
(R.J.Wang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis tonglingensis R.J.Wang; Nordic J. Bot. 32(5): 597 (2014)
species :
Ophiorrhiza tonkinensis
Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 163 (1923)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza torricellensis
Lauterb.; Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee [Schumann & Lauterbach] 392 (1905)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza treutleri
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 83 (1880)
Distribution: Nepal; Bhutan; N-India (Sikkim, West Bengal)
40 BHU IND NEP
species :
Ophiorrhiza trichantha
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 31 (1925)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza trichocarpos
Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 977 (1826)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Odisha, West Bengal); Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Myanmar (Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; peninsular Malaysia (Perak, Pahang); Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl.
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 AND CBD LAO MYA THA 42 JAW LSI MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza hispidula Wall. ex G.Don; Gen. Hist. 3: 523 (1834)
= Ophiorrhiza trichocarpos var. glabra Schanzer; Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 32: 137 (2004)
= Ophiorrhiza villosa Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 46(2): 130 (1877)
species :
Ophiorrhiza trichoclada
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 12 (1945)
Distribution: Bougainville
43 SOL
species :
Ophiorrhiza tristis
Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 9: 215 (1895)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
species :
Ophiorrhiza tubiflora
(L.Wu, B.M.Wang & B.Pan) Idrees; Phytotaxa 579(3): 226 (2023)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis tubiflora L.Wu, B.M.Wang & B.Pan; PhytoKeys 130: 219 (2019)
species :
Ophiorrhiza umbelliformis
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi, Guangdong)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis umbelliformis H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6(4): 36 (1986)
species :
Ophiorrhiza umbricola
W.W.Sm.; Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12(59): 217 (1920)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); SE-Tibet; Myanmar (Kachin, Mon)
36 CHI TIB 41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza undulata
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 8: 46 (1913)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindanao)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza uniflora
Lauterb. & K.Schum.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 150 (1898)
Distribution: Bismarck Arch. (New Britain)
43 BIS
species :
Ophiorrhiza utakwensis
Wernham; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 9: 69 (1916)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza valetonii
Merr. & L.M.Perry; J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 12 (1945)
Distribution: New Guinea (Papua New Guinea)
42 NWG
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza nervosa Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 33 (1925), non Ridl. (1912)
species :
Ophiorrhiza venosa
Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci., C 2: 304 (1907)
Distribution: Philippines (Mindoro, Sibuyan, Panay, Siargao)
42 PHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza vietnamensis
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza leptobotrya Drake; J. Bot. [Morot] 9: 214 (1895)
= Spiradiclis leptobotrya (Drake) Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 85 (1922)
= Spiradiclis leptobotrya var. longiflora Merr.; J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 195 (1942)
species :
Ophiorrhiza villosa
Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 85 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 546 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 702 (1832)
Distribution: India (Tripura); Bangladesh; Myanmar; N-Thailand
40 BAN IND 41 MYA THA
species :
Ophiorrhiza wallichii
Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3(7): 79 (1880)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); India (Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland); Bangladesh; Myanmar (widespread)
36 CHI 40 BAN IND 41 MYA
species :
Ophiorrhiza wangii
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis corymbosa H.S.Lo; Fl. China 19: 334 (2011)
species :
Ophiorrhiza wattii
C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1940: 34 (1940)
Distribution: India (Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland)
40 IND
variant :
var. talevalliensis
(G.D.Pal & G.S.Giri) Deb & Mondal; Bull. Bot. Surv. India 39(1-4): 139 (1997 publ. 2001)
Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh)
40 IND
Synonyms: hidden
= Ophiorrhiza talevalliensis G.D.Pal & G.S.Giri; J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87(3): 433 (1990 publ. 1991)
species :
Ophiorrhiza wenshanensis
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 17, f. 2 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza winkleri
Valeton; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 44: 546 (1910)
Distribution: Borneo
42 BOR
species :
Ophiorrhiza wollastonii
Wernham; Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., Ser. 2, 9: 68 (1916)
Distribution: New Guinea (Irian Jaya)
42 NWG
species :
Ophiorrhiza wongiana
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis cordata H.S.Lo & W.L.Sha; Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 1: 34, 30 (1983)
species :
Ophiorrhiza wui
H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 10(2): 33 (1990)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza wulingensis
Z.L.Zhang bis, W.Q.Qin & D.G.Zhang; Phytotaxa 750(2): 138 (2026)
Distribution: China (Hunan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza xiei
Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis napoensis D.Fang & Z.M.Xie; Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40(2): 154 (2002)
species :
Ophiorrhiza xishuiensis
Sheng H.Tang, Jia W.Yang & X.Z.He; PhytoKeys 275: 165 (2026)
Distribution: China (Guizhou, Sichuan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza xizangensis
(H.S.Lo) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: SE-Tibet (Motuo)
36 TIB
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis xizangensis H.S.Lo; Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 6(4): 43 (1986)
species :
Ophiorrhiza xunliniana
L.Wu & Q.R.Liu; Ann. Bot. Fenn. 61(1): 278 (2024)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
species :
Ophiorrhiza yamashitae
(T.Yamaz.) Kokub., Koh Nakam. & Yokota; Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B 37(1): 19 (2011)
Distribution: Ryukyu Isl.
38 NNS
Synonyms: hidden
= Nertera yamashitae T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 73(2): 89 (1998)
species :
Ophiorrhiza yangchunensis
(R.J.Wang) Razafim. & Rydin; Taxon 68(1): 86 (2019)
Distribution: China (Guangdong)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis yangchunensis R.J.Wang; Pl. Sci. J. 34(1): 14 (2016)
species :
Ophiorrhiza yanii
(You Nong & L.Wu) Kottaim.; Bioinfolet 23(2): 219 (2026)
Distribution: China (Guangxi)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis yanii You Nong & L.Wu; PhytoKeys 247: 174 (2024)
species :
Ophiorrhiza yuanyangensis
(Y.S.Chen, L.Wu & C.Liu) Kottaim.; Bioinfolet 23(2): 219 (2026)
Distribution: China (Yunnan)
36 CHI
Synonyms: hidden
= Spiradiclis yuanyangensis Y.S.Chen, L.Wu & C.Liu; Phytotaxa 522(4): 295 (2021)
species :
Ophiorrhiza zambalensis
Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 9: 3212 (1934)
Distribution: Philippines (Luzon)
42 PHI
