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407.0000 Family Cactaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 310 (1789), nom. cons.
ca. 140-170 genera (circumscription still very much in flux), ca. 1700-1800 spp. Latest phylogeny: de Vos et al. (2025). There has been excessive splitting, leading to over 3000 species in some collectors view. It should be good practice in the future that each ´new species´ description is confirmed by molecular genetics, not only by morphology.
Species listed in database: 1835; hybrids: 80
= Cereaceae DC. & Spreng.(transl.Jameson); Elem. Philos. Pl. 142 (1821)
= Mammillariaceae D.L.Fu; Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 12(5): 352 (2024)
= Nopaleaceae E.Schmid & Curtman; Pflanzenreich [Petermann] 2: 135 (1856)
= Opuntiaceae Desv.; Dict. Rais. Bot. 52, 385 (1817)
407.3105 Genus Opuntia Mill.; Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: s. p. (1754) s. str.
Distribution: North and South America. The species circumscription is sometimes highly disputed.
Species listed in database: 125; hybrids: 23
= Cactodendron J.M.Bigelow; Pacif. Railr. Rep., Bot. 4(5, no. 3), Bot. [Whipple]: 102 (1856), nom. inval.
= Chaffeyopuntia Frič & Schelle ex Kreuz.; Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen 42 (1935)
= Clavarioidia Kreuz.; Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen 41 (1935), nomen
= Clavatopuntia Frič & Schelle; Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen, p. ? (1935), nom. inval.
= Ficindica St.-Lag.; Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 70 (1880)
= Nopal M.Ocampo; nom. illeg.
= Nopalea Salm-Dyck; Cact. Hort. Dyck. [1849 ed.]: 63, 233 (1850)
= Parviopuntia Soulaire; nom. inval.
= Phyllarthus Neck. ex M.Gomez; Fl. Cuba [M.Gómez & Roig] 119 (1914)
= Platyopuntia (Engelm.) Frič & Schelle ex Kreuz.; Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen 42 (1935)
= Plutonopuntia P.V.Heath; Calyx 6(2): 41 (1999), nom. nov.
= Subulatopuntia Frič & Schelle; Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen 10 (1935)
= Terecaulis F.Berge
= Tunas Lunell; Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 479 (1916)

Search for: Opuntia

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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.05 (May 20th, 2026)

Covering 359,646 accepted species,
8,890 hybrids, 47,679 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,012,517 synonyms,
in total 1,428,732* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life