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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.8804 Genus Oxyanthus DC.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 218 (1807)
Distribution: Tropical and S-Africa
Species listed in database: 37
= Megacarpha Hochst.; Flora 27: 551 (1844)
species :
Oxyanthus andjigae Sonké & O.Lachenaud; Candollea 70(2): 243 (2015)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Ivory Coast
22 IVO SIE
species :
Oxyanthus barensis K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 411 (1912)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
species :
Oxyanthus biflorus J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows; Bothalia 40(2): 202 (2010)
Distribution: Tanzania; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
species :
Oxyanthus brevicaulis K.Krause; Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 322 (1911)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 CMN CON GAB ZAI
Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus fraterculus N.Hallé; Fl. Gabon 17: 190 (1970)
species :
Oxyanthus doucetii Sonké & O.Lachenaud; Candollea 71(2): 174 (2016)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
species :
Oxyanthus dubius De Wild.; Miss. Ém. Laurent 1: 285 (1906)
Distribution: Cameroon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania
23 BUR CAF CMN CON RWA ZAI 24 ETH 25 TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus degiorgii De Wild.; Pl. Bequaert. 2: 251 (1923)
= Oxyanthus lepidus var. unyorensis (S.Moore) Bridson; Kew Bull. 34: 121 (1979)
= Oxyanthus microphyllus K.Krause; Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 323 (1911)
= Oxyanthus unyorensis S.Moore; J. Bot. 46: 290 (1908)
species :
Oxyanthus formosus Hook.f.; Icon. Pl., t. 785 (1848)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; SW-Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Uganda
22 BEN GHA GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SIE TOG 23 BIO CAB CMN CON GAB ZAI 24 SSU 25 UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus bagshawei S.Moore; J. Bot. 45: 266 (1907)
= Oxyanthus breviflorus Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 388 (1849)
= Oxyanthus longitubus R.D.Good; J. Bot. 64(Suppl. 2): 16 (1926)
species :
Oxyanthus goetzei K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 491 (1900)
subspecies :
subsp. goetzei
Distribution: Tanzania; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus swynnertonii var. breviflora S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 83 (1911)
= Oxyanthus swynnertonii S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 82 (1911)
subspecies :
subsp. keniensis Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 120 (1979)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Oxyanthus gracilis Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 109 (1877)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
22 NGA 23 BIO CAB CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus tenuistylus R.D.Good; J. Bot. 64(Suppl. 2): 17 (1926)
species :
Oxyanthus haerdii Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 119 (1979)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Oxyanthus latifolius Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 4 (1865)
Name: Zulu Loquat
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal)
26 MOZ 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus monteiroae N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1892: 125 (1892)
= Oxyanthus schlechteri K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 65 (1899)
species :
Oxyanthus laxiflorus K.Schum. ex Hutch. & Dalziel; Fl. W. Trop. Afr. [Hutchinson & Dalziel] 2: 79 (1931)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
22 NGA 23 BIO CMN CON GAB
species :
Oxyanthus ledermannii K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 411 (1912)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
species :
Oxyanthus lepidus S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 160 (1905)
subspecies :
subsp. lepidus
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Zambia; Mozambique
23 BUR ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 TAN UGA 26 MOZ ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus oxycarpus S.Moore; J. Bot. 45: 265 (1907)
subspecies :
subsp. kigogoensis Bridson; Kew Bull. 42(1): 251 (1987)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Oxyanthus letouzeyanus Sonké; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia, Sér. 4, 11(4): 429 (1989 publ. 1990)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Oxyanthus lewisii Sonké & O.Lachenaud; Candollea 71(2): 176 (2016)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]
23 CMN CON GAB
species :
Oxyanthus mayumbensis R.D.Good; J. Bot. 64(Suppl.): 2, 17 (1926)
Distribution: Cabinda
23 CAB
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus bremekampii Cavaco; Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. 2, 29: 514 (1958)
species :
Oxyanthus montanus Sonké; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 63(3-4): 397 (1994)
Distribution: Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]
23 BIO CMN
Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)
species :
Oxyanthus nangensis K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 410 (1912)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
species :
Oxyanthus okuensis Cheek & Sonké; Kew Bull. 55(4): 890 (2000)
Distribution: Cameroon
23 CMN
Conservation Status: IUCN CR (Cameroon)
species :
Oxyanthus oliganthus K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 345 (1903)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic
23 CAF CMN GAB
Conservation Status: IUCN VU (Cameroon)
species :
Oxyanthus pallidus Hiern; Cat. Afr. Pl. [Hiern] 1: 465 (1898)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Angola
22 GHA IVO LBR SIE 23 BIO CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus sankuruensis De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 166 (1907)
= Oxyanthus schubotzianus K.Krause; Wiss. Ergebn. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. (1907-1908), Bot. 2: 321 (1911)
species :
Oxyanthus pyriformis (Hochst.) Skeels; Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 248: 56 (1912)
subspecies :
subsp. pyriformis
Name: Natal Loquat
Distribution: Mozambique; South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MOZ 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Megacarpha pyriformis Hochst.; Flora 27: 551 (1844)
= Oxyanthus natalensis Sond.; Linnaea 23: 50 (1850), nom. illeg.
= Ixora afra Sond.; Linnaea 23: 50 (1850), nom. illeg.
subspecies :
subsp. brevitubus Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 126 (1979)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
subspecies :
subsp. longitubus Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 126 (1979)
Distribution: Kenya
25 KEN
subspecies :
subsp. tanganyikensis Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 126 (1979)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
species :
Oxyanthus querimbensis Klotzsch; Naturw. Reise Mossambique [Peters] 292 (1861)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
Remarks: status uncertain
species :
Oxyanthus racemosus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 42 (1958)
Distribution: Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; SW-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Angola
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia hirsuta (DC.) Linden; Cat. Pl. Exot. [Linden] 12: 16 (1857)
= Oxyanthus hirsutus DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 376 (1830)
= Oxyanthus rubiflorus Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 108 (1877)
= Oxyanthus sulcatus Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 108 (1877)
= Oxyanthus thonningii Benth.; Niger Fl. [W.J.Hooker] 388 (1849)
= Ucriana racemosa Schumach. & Thonn.; Beskr. Guin. Pl. [Schumacher] 107 (1827)
species :
Oxyanthus robbrechtianus Sonké; Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 63(3-4): 397 (1994)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 CON ZAI
species :
Oxyanthus schumannianus De Wild. & T.Durand; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 3, 1: 119 (1901)
Distribution: Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 CAB CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus molliramis K.Krause; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54: 347 (1917)
species :
Oxyanthus setosus Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 44 (1958)
Distribution: Ivory Coast; Cameroon; Gabon
22 IVO 23 CMN GAB
species :
Oxyanthus smithii Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 107 (1877)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Oxyanthus speciosus DC.; Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 9: 218 (1807)
subspecies :
subsp. speciosus
Distribution: Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Principe Isl.; São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Ethiopia; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola; India (West Bengal)
22 BEN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 ANN BIO BUR CAB CAF CMN CON GAB PRI SAO ZAI 24 ETH 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG 40 IND
subspecies :
subsp. gerrardii (Sond.) Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 117 (1979)
Name: Wild Loquat
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus gerrardii Sond.; Fl. Cap. [Harvey & auct. succ.] 3: 3 (1865)
subspecies :
subsp. globosus Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 115 (1979)
Distribution: Cameroon; Gabon; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Uganda; Tanzania; Angola
23 CAF CMN GAB ZAI 25 TAN UGA 26 ANG
subspecies :
subsp. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 114 (1979)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus mollis Hutch.; Botanist S. Afr. 497 (1946)
= Oxyanthus speciosus var. mollis (Hutch.) Bridson; Kew Bull. 34: 114 (1979)
= Oxyanthus huillensis I.Nogueira; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 49: 119 (1975)
= Oxyanthus speciosus var. pubescens I.Nogueira; Bol. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 49: 120 (1975)
subspecies :
subsp. stenocarpus (K.Schum.) Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 116 (1979)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga)
23 BUR RWA ZAI 24 ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZIM 27 SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus stenocarpus K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 345 (1903)
variant :
var. glaber Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 114 (1979)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia
23 BUR ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG ZAM
species :
Oxyanthus strigosus Bridson & J.E.Burrows; Trees Shrubs Mozambique 1052 (2018)
Distribution: Tanzania; Mozambique
25 TAN 26 MOZ
species :
Oxyanthus subpunctatus (Hiern) Keay; Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 44 (1958)
Distribution: Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D. R. Congo [Zaire]
22 BEN GHA IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 BIO CAF CMN CON GAB ZAI
Synonyms: hidden
= Mitriostigma subpunctatum Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 111 (1877)
= Oxyanthus tenuis Stapf; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 107 (1905)
= Oxyanthus laurentii De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., Sér. 5, 2: 165 (1907)
species :
Oxyanthus troupinii Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 122 (1979)
Distribution: D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Uganda
23 BUR RWA ZAI 25 UGA
species :
Oxyanthus tubiflorus (Andrews) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 376 (1830)
Distribution: Sierra Leone
22 SIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia tubiflora Andrews; Bot. Repos. 3: t. 183 (1801)
= Oxyanthus speciosus W.T.Aiton; Hort. Kew., ed. 2 [W.T.Aiton] 1: 371 (1810)
species :
Oxyanthus ugandensis Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 124 (1979)
Distribution: Uganda
25 UGA
species :
Oxyanthus unilocularis Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 110 (1877)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; S-Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; Cabinda; D. R. Congo [Zaire]; Burundi; S-Chad; South Sudan; Uganda; Angola
22 BEN BKN GHA GUI IVO LBR NGA SIE TOG 23 BIO BUR CAB CAF CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI 24 CHA SSU 25 UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyanthus litoreus S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 159 (1905)
= Oxyanthus macrophyllus Schweinf. ex Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 110 (1877)
species :
Oxyanthus zanguebaricus (Hiern) Bridson; Kew Bull. 34(1): 119 (1979)
Distribution: Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania; Mozambique
24 SOM 25 KEN TAN 26 MOZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia zanguebarica Hiern; Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 3: 105 (1877)
= Randia scabra Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 236 (1932)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life