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492.0000 Family Rubiaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl. [Jussieu] 196 (1789), nom. cons.
589 genera, ca. 14.200 spp. mostly tropics, comparably few temperate. Phylogeny: Razafimandimbison & Rydin (2024)
Species listed in database: 14370; hybrids: 47
= Aparinaceae Hoffmanns. & Link; Fl. Portug. [Hoffmannsegg] 2: 3, 38 (1813-1829)
= Asperulaceae Cham. ex Spenn.; Handb. Angew. Bot. 2: 493 (1835)
= Catesbaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 111 (1820)
= Cephalanthaceae Raf.; Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 86 (1820)
= Cinchonaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 234 (1802)
= Coffeaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 233 (1802)
= Coutareaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 168 (1820)
= Dialypetalanthaceae Rizzini & Occhioni; Lilloa 17: 253 (1948), nom. cons.
= Galiaceae Lindl.; Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 249 (1836)
= Gardeniaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 29, 32 (1829)
= Guettardaceae Batsch; Tab. Affin. Regni Veg. 235 (1802)
= Hameliaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg. [Martius] 31 (1835)
= Hedyotidaceae Dumort.; Commentat. Bot. [Dumortier] 57 (1822)
= Henriqueziaceae Bremek.; Acta Bot. Neerl. 6 (Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 141): 371 (1957)
= Houstoniaceae Raf.; Good Book 21 (1840)
= Hydrophylacaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 318 (1820)
= Lippayaceae Meisn.; Pl. Vasc. Gen. [Meisner], Tab. Diagn. 156, Comm. 112 (1838)
= Lygodisodeaceae Bartl.; Ord. Nat. Pl. 123, 207 (1830)
= Naucleaceae Wernham; New Phytol. 11: 225 (1912)
= Nonateliaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 420 (1820)
= Operculariaceae Juss. ex Perleb; Vers. Arzneikr. Pfl. 207 (1818)
= Pagamaeaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 447 (1820)
= Psychotriaceae F.Rudolphi; Syst. Orb. Veg. 49 (1830)
= Randiaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 534 (1820)
= Sabiceaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar 555 (1820)
= Spermacoceaceae Bercht. & J.Presl; Přir. Rostlin 256 (1820)
= Theligonaceae Dumort.; Anal. Fam. Pl. 15, 17 (1829), nom. cons.
492.8561 Genus Oxyceros Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 150 (1790)
Distribution: Southeast Asia
Species listed in database: 12
species :
Oxyceros bispinosus (Griff.) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 466 (1983)
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Kelantan, Selangor, Melaka); Singapore; Sumatera; Borneo; Sulawesi; Palawan; Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Panay, Leyte, Samar, Basilan, Mindanao); Jawa; Moluccas; New Guinea (Irian Jaya, Papua New Guinea)
41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 BOR JAW MLY MOL NWG PHI PLW SNG SUL SUM
Conservation Status: endangered (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyceros curtisii (King & Gamble) K.M.Wong; Malayan Nat. J. 38(1): 43 (1984)
= Oxyceros fragrantissima (Ridl.) K.M.Wong; Malayan Nat. J. 38(1): 43 (1984)
= Randia bispinosa (Griff.) Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 99 (1932)
= Randia curtisii King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 72: 208 (1903)
= Randia fragrantissima Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 50: 115 (1908)
= Randia incurva Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79: 79 (1918)
= Randia junghuhniana (Miq.) Bakh.f.; Bekn. Fl. Java 15(173): 89 (1956)
= Randia longiflora var. harmandiana Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 225 (1923)
= Randia uncaria Elmer ex Merr.; Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl.): 130 (1906)
= Randia williamsii Elmer; Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 3: 1004 (1911)
= Stylocoryna bispinosa Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 260 (1854)
= Stylocoryna junghuhniana Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 237 (1869)
= Webera bispinosa (Griff.) Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 49 (1877)
= Webera junghuhniana (Miq.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2(1): 129 (1891)
species :
Oxyceros drupaceus (C.F.Gaertn.) Ridsdale; Reinwardtia 12(4): 296 (2008)
Distribution: Andaman Isl. (Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Thailand; peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu, Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka); +Singapore; Sumatera; Borneo; Jawa
41 AND NCB THA 42 BOR JAW MLY SNG SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia curvata Teijsm. & Binn.; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 3: 328 (1852)
= Griffithia curvata (Teijsm. & Binn.) Kurz; J. Bot. 13: 326 (1875)
= Oxyceros scandens (Blume) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3: 466 (1983)
= Posoqueria drupacea C.F.Gaertn.; Suppl. Carp. 77 (1806)
= Randia clarkei King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 72: 213 (1903)
= Randia curvata (Teijsm. & Binn.) Valeton; Icon. Bogor. [Boerlage] t. 146 (1904)
= Randia drupacea (C.F.Gaertn.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 389 (1830)
= Randia scandens (Blume) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 387 (1830), nom. superfl.
= Randia virosa Buch.-Ham.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 17: 165 (1835), nom. superfl.
= Tocoyena scandens Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 980 (1826)
= Webera curvata (Teijsm. & Binn.) W.Theob.; Burmah [Mason], ed. 3, 2: 427 (1883)
species :
Oxyceros horridus Lour.; Fl. Cochinch. 151 (1790)
Distribution: Myanmar; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl.)
41 CBD LAO MYA THA VIE 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia horrida (Lour.) Spreng.; Syst. Veg., ed. 16 [Sprengel] 1: 762 (1824)
= Griffithia siamensis Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 130 (1869)
= Randia horrida (Lour.) Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 248 (1819)
= Randia longiflora var. horrida (Lour.) Pierre ex Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 234 (1923)
= Randia pauciflora var. minor Craib; Fl. Siam 2: 110 (1932)
= Randia siamensis (Miq.) Craib; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 390 (1911)
= Randia uncata Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59: 113 (1911)
= Solena horrida (Lour.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 800 (1839)
= Webera siamensis (Miq.) Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 48 (1877)
species :
Oxyceros jasminiflorus (S.Moore) Ridsdale; Reinwardtia 12(4): 295 (2008)
Distribution: Sumatera
42 SUM
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia jasminiflora S.Moore; J. Bot. 63(Suppl.): 50 (1925)
species :
Oxyceros kesslerianus Ridsdale; Reinwardtia 12(4): 292 (2008)
Distribution: Borneo (Kalimantan)
42 BOR
species :
Oxyceros kunstleri (King & Gamble) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 466 (1983)
Distribution: Bangladesh; Andaman Isl.; Myanmar (Taninthayi); peninsular Thailand; peninsular Malaysia
40 BAN 41 AND MYA THA 42 MLY
Synonyms: hidden
= Oxyceros longiflorus var. major (King & Gamble) H.B.Naithani; Fl. Pl. India, Nepal & Bhutan 207 (1990)
= Oxyceros pauciflorus (Ridl.) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 466 (1983)
= Randia klossii Ridl.; J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 94 (1920)
= Randia kunstleri King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 72: 216 (1903)
= Randia longiflora var. major King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 72: 213 (1903)
= Randia pauciflora Ridl.; J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 59: 112 (1911)
species :
Oxyceros longiflorus (Lam.) T.Yamaz.; J. Jap. Bot. 45: 339 (1970)
Distribution: India (Assam, Meghalaya); Andaman Isl. (North Andaman Isl., Middle Andaman Isl., South Andaman Isl., Little Andaman Isl.); Nicobar Isl. (Great Nicobar Isl., Little Nicobar Isl.); Bangladesh; Myanmar (Yangon, Taninthayi); Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; peninsular Malaysia (Langkawi Isl., Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Melaka, Johor); Singapore; Sumatera; Borneo; Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl.
40 BAN IND 41 AND CBD LAO MYA NCB THA VIE 42 BOR JAW LSI MLY SNG SUM
Conservation Status: vulnerable (Singapore)
Synonyms: hidden
= Canthium angulosum Wall.; Numer. List [Wallich] no. 8285 (1847), nomen
= Cupia scandens (Roxb.) DC.; Prodr. [A.P. de Candolle] 4: 394 (1830)
= Gardenia multiflora Willd.; Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 1: 1231 (1798), nom. superfl.
= Griffithia eucantha Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 178 (1851)
= Griffithia longiflora (Lam.) Korth.; Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2(2): 178 (1851)
= Griffithia palembanica Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv. 541 (1861)
= Oxyanthus multiflorus (Blume) Hassk.; Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. [Hasskarl] 115 (1844), nom. superfl.
= Posoqueria longiflora (Lam.) Roxb.; Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 568 (1824), nom. superfl.
= Posoqueria multiflora Blume; Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 980 (1826)
= Pseudixora javanica Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 210 (1856)
= Pseudixora zollingeriana Miq.; Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 210 (1856)
= Randia cupia Steud.; Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2, 2: 430 (1841)
= Randia euacantha (Korth.) Boerl.; Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. [Boerlage] 2(1): 131 (1891)
= Randia longiflora Lam.; Encycl. [J.Lamarck et al.] 3: 26 (1789)
= Randia longiflora var. ovoidea Pit.; Fl. Indo-Chine [P.H.Lecomte et al.] 3: 235 (1923)
= Randia multiflora (Blume) Koord. & Valeton; Meded. Lands Plantentuin 59: 88 (1902), nom. superfl.
= Solena multiflora (Blume) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 800 (1839)
= Solena scandens (Roxb.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. [Dietrich] 1: 800 (1839)
= Webera bispinosa (Lam.) Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 49 (1877)
= Webera longiflora (Lam.) Kurz; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 48 (1877)
= Webera scandens Roxb.; Hort. Bengal. 15 (1814), nomen, Fl. Ind. [Carey & Wallich ed.] 2: 534 (1824), Fl. Ind. [Roxburgh] 1: 698 (1832)
species :
Oxyceros patulus (Horsf. ex Willd.) Ridsdale; Reinwardtia 12(4): 295 (2008)
Distribution: Jawa; Lesser Sunda Isl.
42 JAW LSI
Synonyms: hidden
= Gardenia patula Horsf. ex Schult.; Syst. Veg., ed. 15bis [Roemer & Schultes] 5: 244 (1819)
= Randia patula (Horsf. ex Schult.) Miq.; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 235 (1869)
species :
Oxyceros penangianus (King & Gamble) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 466 (1983)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (Penang, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor); +Singapore
42 MLY SNG
Synonyms: hidden
= Randia penangiana King & Gamble; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 72: 213 (1903)
species :
Oxyceros pubicalyx K.M.Wong; Malayan Nat. J. 38(1): 40 (1984)
Distribution: peninsular Malaysia (known only from type, Melaka)
42 MLY
species :
Oxyceros rugulosus (Thwaites) Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 466 (1983)
Distribution: India (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu); Sri Lanka
40 IND SRL
Synonyms: hidden
= Aidia rugulosa (Thwaites) Swamin.; Biol. Mem. 2: 67 (1977)
= Griffithia rugulosa Thwaites; Enum. Pl. Zeyl. [Thwaites] 159 (1859)
= Randia rugulosa (Thwaites) Hook.f.; Fl. Brit. India [J.D.Hooker] 3: 113 (1880)
species :
Oxyceros vidalii Tirveng.; Nordic J. Bot. 3(4): 464 (1983)
Distribution: Vietnam
41 VIE
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.08 (August 2nd, 2026)

Covering 360,349 accepted species,
8,927 hybrids, 47,544 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,011,667 synonyms,
in total 1,428,487* names

[*about 20,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life