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044.0000 Family Thelypteridaceae Ching ex Pic.Serm.; Webbia 24: 711 (1970)
3-34 genera (depending on genus concept), 1100-1200 spp. The genus concepts were wildly fluctuating and disputed, from the inclusion of everything into one monster genus Thelypteris to the split of over 30 genera. We use the new genus concept by Fawcett & Smith (2021), which is based on molecular results and adopts a compromise approachl
Species listed in database: 1181; hybrids: 39
044.2016 Genus Pakau S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 61 (2021)
Distribution: Australia, New Zealand
Species listed in database: 1
species :
Pakau pennigera (G.Forst.) S.E.Fawc. & A.R.Sm.; Sida, Bot. Misc. 59: 62 (2021)
Distribution: Australia (SE-Queensland, S-Victoria, Tasmania); New Zealand (North Isl., South Isl., Three Kings Isl.); Chatham Isl.
50 AUS 51 CTM NZL
Synonyms: hidden
= Aspidium cunninghamii Kunze; Linnaea 23: 225 (1850), non Colenso 1841
= Aspidium novae-zeelandiae Ettingsh.; Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 23: 103 (1861)
= Aspidium pennigerum (G.Forst.) Sw.; J. Bot. [Schrader] 1800(2): 34 (1801)
= Cyclosorus pennigerus (G.Forst.) Ching; Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 247 (1941)
= Cyclosorus pennigerus var. hamiltonii (Colenso) Crookes; New Zealand Ferns, ed. 4: 262 (1951)
= Dryopteris pennigera (G.Forst.) C.Chr.; Index Filic. 289 (1905)
= Dryopteris pennigera var. hamiltonii (Colenso) Cheeseman; Man. New Zealand Fl., ed. 2, 36 (1925)
= Goniopteris forsteri T.Moore; Index Fil. [T. Moore] 99 (1858), nom. nov. for Aspidium pennigerum (G. Forst.) Sw. 1801
= Goniopteris pennigera (G.Forst.) J.Sm.; J. Bot. [Hooker] 4: 54 (1841), nom. illeg.
= Lastrea pennigera (G.Forst.) C.Presl; Tent. Pterid. 76 (1836)
= Nephrodium pennigerum (G.Forst.) C.Presl; Reliq. Haenk. 1: 35 (1825)
= Phegopteris cunninghamii (Kunze) Mett.; Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 84, t. 17, f. 5-6 (1856)
= Phegopteris pennigera (G.Forst.) Alderw.; Malayan Ferns 504 (1909)
= Pneumatopteris pennigera (G.Forst.) Holttum; Blumea 21: 305 (1973)
= Polypodium pennigerum G.Forst.; Fl. Ins. Austr. 82 (1786)
= Polypodium pennigerum var. giganteum Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14: 338 (1882)
= Polypodium pennigerum var. hamiltonii Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14: 338 (1882)
= Polypodium subsimile Colenso; Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 20: 238 (1888)
= Polystichum pennigerum (G.Forst.) Gaudich.; Voy. Uranie [Freycinet], Bot. 328 (1827)
= Thelypteris pennigera (G.Forst.) Allan; Fl. New Zealand 1: 51 (1961)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 26.02 (Feb. 1st, 2026)

Covering 358,774 accepted species,
8,847 hybrids, 48,003 accepted infraspecific taxa and 1,006,442 synonyms,
in total 1,422,066* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,209 pictures of 15,787 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life